ʻO ka Anhinga ka mea maʻamau ma nā mokupuni hoʻohālikelike, nā ʻāpana a me nā subtropical o ka Honua. Noho lākou i nā wai wai hou a i hoʻōla paha: nā loko, nā muliwai, nā ʻōpū, nā estuaries, nā lagoons a me nā pāʻai. A hiki i ka 100 mau manu e ʻohi i nā hipa, akā i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, pili pono lākou i kā lākou pūnaewele. He ʻoluʻolu nā kānaka, a ʻo nā heluna wale nō i nā palena o ke kaʻina he migratory. Hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau aloha o India (Anhinga melanogaster). ʻO nā kumu nui no ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka ka make o ka nohona kūlohelohe a me nā hana waiwai a ke kanaka.
Mea ʻai
Hoʻokele ʻo Anhinga i nā iʻa. ʻO ka lōʻihi, he beakiki lōʻihi e hoʻohana i nā iʻa e like me ka leera. ʻO kahi hui kūikawā ma waena o ka ʻewalu a me ka ʻewai vertebrae e ʻae iā lākou e hopu koke i ko lākou ʻāʻī, e kōkua ana i ka wā e huki ana i ka iʻa. Hoʻohui ʻia, hānai nā nāhelehele i nā amphibians (frogs, newts), nā reptile (nāhelehele, nā lau, a me nā invertebrates (iniseti, nā ʻulu a me nā mollusks). Me ke kōkua o kā lākou wāwae wāwae ua hiki iā lākou ke kaomi mālie ma lalo o ka wai a kiaʻi i ka mea pepehi mai ka hoʻohālua. Ma hope o ka hopu ʻia ʻana o ka mea ʻai, e wikiwiki koke, e hoʻolei i ka mea ʻai a ʻai i ke lele.
ʻAno hānau
ʻO monteramous Darter, ʻo ia hoʻi, e noho i ʻelua ma ka wā o ka māla. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻololi ka ʻāpana ʻāʻī liʻiliʻi i kona kala mai ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka melemele paha, a lilo ka ʻili i ko lākou poʻo i ka turquoise (ma mua o ka melemele, ka melemele a me ka melemele-hina paha).
Hiki i ke keʻa ʻana i ke kauwela a i ʻole makahiki paha, pili i ka wahi o ka noho. ʻO ka ʻuʻuku, nā ʻano o kā lākou ʻehā, ua kūkulu ʻia ma nā lāʻau a i ʻole i ka lāʻau, e kokoke ana i ka wai. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Clutch i nā hua 2-6 (maʻamau ʻehā) o kahi ʻāpana ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka manawa inkubation he 25-30 lā. Kūwelipelu nā ʻano o nā puʻupuʻu, me ka ʻole o ka plumage a me nā mea ʻole iki. ʻO ka kāne a me ka wahine mālama i nā keiki. Puberty i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki. Noho kēia mau manu no kahi 9 mau makahiki.
He ʻauhau
ʻO ka ʻohana serpentine ka morphologically a me ka ekologically kokoke i nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe o ke kauoha pelikan. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻehā mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo:
- Anhinga (A. anhinga)
- Ioana Aliʻi (A. melanogaster)
- ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (A. rufa)
- Australia Darter (A. novaehollandiae)
ʻO nā manu ʻano ʻē loa mai Mauritius (A. nana) a me Australia (A. parva) ʻike wale ʻia i nā koena o nā iwi. ʻO ʻAhinga ʻike ʻia ʻoiai ʻo Miocene ʻAiʻao. I ka wā ma mua, ua ʻike nui ʻia ka nui o nā mea moʻomeheu prehistoric o kēia mau manu.
Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau a me nā hiʻohiʻona kula
ʻO kahi manu nui i ka nui o ka cormorant nui. ʻO ka loa kino 85-97 cm, nā honu 116-128 cm, ke kaumaha 1,058-1,815 g (del Hoyo et al., 1992). He lōʻihi ka beak, kuhikuhi, kona lōʻihi he 71-87 mm. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ma mua o ka cormorants. I nā kāne ʻokoʻa o nā subspecies ʻē aʻe, ʻokoʻa ka ʻili o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī i like ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula a hiki i brownish-ʻulaʻula me nā lula ʻalohilohi keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī, i nā wahine, ka māmā o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ke koena o ka plumage he ʻeleʻele me nā kala kala-kala ma ka moʻo. Pono nā hulu o ka hulu manu i ke ʻano o nā pigtails. ʻO ka poʻe ʻōpio o ka plumage e hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka māmā, ke kani ʻeke, ʻeleʻele e ka ʻulaʻula.
Mālama ka manu lele i kāna beak e hāpai a kiʻekiʻe i luna, ke kino pinepine ʻia ke kino i ka wai. Ua maloʻo ka ʻōpū o ka anhinga ma o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kona mau ʻēheu a me ka huelo. I ka wā o ka lawe, lawe nā lehelehe ākea a me ka lōʻihi o ka pīho ʻūhā, e like me ka mea, he kuʻekuʻe maʻamau. ʻAʻole e like me cormorants, hiki i ka darter ke piʻi.
ʻĀina kalepa
Aia nā 4 subspecies ʻokoʻa i nā kikoʻī o ka kala (del Hoyo et al., 1992): A. m. Penanogaster Pennant, 1769 (1), ua hoʻohele ʻia mai ke Komohana komohana a i. Sulawesi, A. m. rufa (Daudin, 1802) (2), ka noho i kahi sub-Saharan Africa a me ka Middle East, A. m. vulsini Bangs, 1918 (3), e noho ana ma Hawaiʻi nei, a me A. m. novae-hollandiae (Gould, 1847) (4), maʻamau ma Australia a me New Guinea. ʻO ka hapanui, ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau subspecies e hāʻawi ʻia i ke ʻano ʻano ʻano, hoʻohanohano i nā ʻano ʻekolu: A. melanogaster, A. rufa (me A. m. Vulsini) a me A. novaehollandiae.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hiki ke hoʻokumu i nā ʻĀpana pili i kēlā kanaka e lele nei i ka ʻāina o Uzbekistan; ʻo ke kokoke loa i ka wahi ʻike i nā palena o ka pae o nā subspecies o Asia A. m. melanogaster.
Kālā
Sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, India, Southeast. ʻO ʻAsia, e pili ana i ka Philippines a me Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia. Ke noho nei ka noho lahui kaawale ma Tigris a me Euphrates (Cramp, 1977, King, Dickinson, 1995). I ka pau ana o ka noho ʻana o ka anhinga e alakaʻi ai i ka noho ʻano.
Kiʻi 25. ʻO ka māhelehele o ka ʻele a me ka Black-bellied Darter:
a - kahi nohoʻāina, b - lele a lele i ka'āpana o Northern Eurasia.
ʻO ka lele wale nō o ka ʻike no ka ʻāina kahiko. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka USSR ma ʻApelila 6-7, 2006. Ua nānā ʻia kekahi kanaka hoʻokahi o hoʻokahi makahiki no ʻelua mau makahiki ma ke komohana hema o ka ʻaoʻao o nā loko o Aydar ma kahi o nā mea hoʻonohonoho 40 ° 55.632 ′ N a 65 ° 57.672 ′ E (Kaʻina ʻo Navoi, ka Repubalika o Uzbekistan) (Mitropolsky et al., 2006).
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana iā Darter
Anhinga, nona nā inoa ʻē aʻe: nā manu lele, nāhelehele ʻalani, anhinga - ʻo ia wale nō ka mākaʻi o nā copepods i loaʻa ʻole nā palapala moana.. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻohālike ʻia kēia manu me kona mau hoahānau pili kokoke i ka ʻohana (cormorant a me kekahi), akā he mau ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ia i nā ʻano o waho a me nā ʻano.
Kāleka
ʻO nā Anchings nā manu o ka nui a me nā nui. ʻO ke kaumaha he 1.5 kg. ʻO ke kino o nā nahesa, he 90 cm ke lōʻihi, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia he elongated, lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī, ʻōpio, ʻulaʻulaʻula ke ʻano, ʻaʻole kū ka puka o ke poʻo: he pālahalaha kona helehelena a he ʻano hoʻonui mai hoʻi i ka ʻāʻī. Aia kekahi ʻeke liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka beak ka lōʻihi ka pololei, pololei, me nā mea like me ka pohō, ʻo kekahi ʻē aʻe me nā tweezers, ʻo nā kihi ka mea liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hope. Pono nā wāwae a pōkole, hoʻonohonoho i kahi lōʻihi, 4 hono nā wāwae manamana e nā membranes.
He lōʻihi nā ʻēheu lōʻihi. Kūpono - ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 mika. ʻO nā hulu liʻiliʻi he nani ia a nānā iki hoʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka huelo, ma kahi o 25 cm ka nui o nā hulu he ʻono hoʻokahi - kūleʻa a loaʻa kahi pihi i ka hopena. He pale pōʻeleʻele ka plumage, akā ma luna o nā ʻēheu ua pale ʻia no ka laina ʻalike. Wahi a kāna mau waiwai, ua maloʻo, ʻae e ʻae kēia mau manu i lalo o ka wai i ka wā e ʻauʻau ai ma mua o ka noho ʻana ma luna.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
ʻO ka kumu, ke alakaʻi nei nā ʻelele o kēia ʻohana i kahi ola maʻalahi a makemake i nā kaila o nā kahawai, nā loko a me nā ʻapu e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā lāʻau. Hoʻokele lākou i ka pō ma ko lākou mau lālā, a i ke kakahiaka hele i ka hopu. Ke kūʻiʻo nei i ke kauoha a nā copepods, nā lawaiʻa maikaʻi loa o nā lawaiʻa, i hoʻoponopono ʻia no ka hopu ʻana i ka meaʻai i ka wai. Puhi lākou me ka palūlū, kauʻau ʻana, kahi e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka manawa e hoʻokokoke aku ai i hoʻokahi mika i kahi mea make (e like me ka iʻa), a laila, e kau ana i ko lākou ʻāʻī i ka iʻa me ka wikiwiki o ka uila, kuʻi kona kino me kāna pū me ka pīhoihoi a lele i ka maka, e hoʻolei ana i kā lākou ʻai. beak a hopu aku ma luna o ka lele e moni.
ʻO kahi ʻano manuʻaneʻo ia e hiki ke mahalo i kekahi ʻano mea hoʻokele e pili ana i ke ala o ka ʻewalu a me ka ʻeiwa o ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka plumage i ka nāhelehele i ka wai no ka manawa hou aku ka pono no ka hopu ʻana, a laila koi ʻia lākou e hele i ka ʻāina, noho ʻana i kekahi o nā lālā kokoke i kahi lāʻau e ulu ana, a hohola ana i ko lākou mau ʻēheu, ka hulu maloʻo ma lalo o ka lā a i ka makani. Hiki i nā paila ma waena o kahi kanaka no nā wahi maikaʻi loa. Hōʻalo ka ʻōpala i nā holo ʻē aʻe i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, a me ka nui o ka noho ʻana ma ka wai nui e hoʻolōʻihi i ke kino o ka manu hānai.
He hoihoi! Ke kuau, e ʻāʻī ka ʻā o nā manu e like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka nahe a manu, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai ka inoa like ʻole. Holo wikiwiki ka manu i ka wai i ka maluhia a me ka malū, i kahi minute hiki iā lākou ke uhi i ka mamao o 50 m, holo i ka pilikia. Akā, ʻaʻole ia e kōkua iā ia iho me nā ʻēheu, hoʻolaha iki wale iā lākou mai ke kino, akā ke hana nei me kāna mau wāwae a hoʻoku i kona huelo.
Ke holo nei, kaualulu iki nā palahalolo a me nā pale, akā neʻe wikiwiki loa, ma ka ʻāina a me nā lālā, hoʻākoʻa iki ʻo ia i kona mau ʻēheu. Pahu ʻia ka lele, hiki iā ia ke lele i luna ma ke ala pohō, e lele ana ma luna o kahi lāʻau ma hope o nā holo he nui. Me ka molt piha, hāʻule nā manu āpau a laila lele no laila, no kēia manawa ua pau ʻole ka manu i ka hiki ke lele.
Mālama ʻia lākou i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, a hiki i ka 10 mau kanaka, e noho ana i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka waihona kālā. Hele ka hui like ma ka hoʻomaha a me ka pō. Ma ka hānai ʻana o ka hua i nā wahi kanu e hiki nō ke hōʻuluʻulu i nā ʻoihana lehulehu, akā me nā palena pilikino o ko lākou wahi ulu. Ma kahi kokoke i kahi kanaka, makaʻu ka manu makaʻu. I kekahi manawa, mākaukau e hūnā mai ka pilikia ma lalo o ka wai. I ka hihia o ka pale o ka hano, hiki iā ia ke komo i ka hakakā me nā manu ʻē aʻe a he ʻenemi weliweli loa - ʻo kāna kui koi ke hoʻolei i ke poʻo o ka mea hoʻokūkū me kahi pana, ʻo ka hōʻoia ka hopena i kahi hopena. ʻEkā ka nui o nā leo: croaking, chirping, click, his his.
Nā ʻanohele o nā nahelehele
I kēia manawa, ua mālama ʻia nā ʻano mea ʻehā o nā nahesa:
- Kahiki Darter,
- Anhinga,
- ʻAmelika ʻApelika,
- Aliʻi India.
ʻIke ʻia nō hoʻi nā ʻano ʻano manuahi i ʻike ʻia e nā koena i loaʻa i ka wā o nā ʻuʻuku. Eia kekahi, he ʻano kahiko nā anhinges, nā kūpuna i noho ai i ka Honua ma mua o 5 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Loaʻa ka hapa kahiko i ka mokupuni ʻo Sumatra e pili ana i 30 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
ʻO Habitat, noho
Hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā lehelehe manu-subtropical a me ke aniani. Noho ʻo Anhinga i nā wai wai me ka kū hou a i ʻole ka wai hoʻāla a i ʻole kahe wai kūpono ma North (hema USA, Mexico), Central (Panama) a me ʻAmelika Hema (Colombia, Ecuador, a hiki i Argentina), ma ka mokupuni o Cuba.
ʻĀina Wīwī - mai nā ʻĀina Hindustan i ka mokupuni ʻo Sulawesi. Kahalulu - New Guinea a me Australia. ʻAmelika - iū mauʻu ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka wao Sahara a me nā wai wai ʻē aʻe. Noho ka hui hoʻokaʻawale i nā puʻu haʻahaʻa o nā kahawai ʻo Tigris a me Euprates, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ko lākou mau hoahānau i nā kilomita he nui.
Hōʻike Mea Darter
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka meaʻai ma nā iʻa, nā amphibians (mau baki, mea hou), nā hua liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, nā mea kanu, nā ʻōpū, nā ʻuʻā liʻiliʻi, nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, nā ʻōpū, a me nā mea hihiu nui. Kahi ʻia ka ʻike nani ʻia ʻana o kēia manu. Kekahi ʻano lāʻau ʻano maʻamau - hoʻokahi i kekahi me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe ʻole - ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻO nā 4 mau mea e noho ana ma lalo o ka palekana koʻikoʻi, aia kekahi - darter o India. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻia kona lehulehu ma muli o ka hana a ke kanaka: ma muli o ka emi o ka noho ʻana a me nā hana wikiwiki. Eia kekahi, i kekahi mau ʻāpana o ʻAsia, ʻai ʻia nā manu a me nā hua manu.
He hoihoi! ʻAʻole hoʻāliʻi ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā manu ʻōiwi i ka manawa ma muli o ka mea i pale ʻole ʻia ia.
Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pōʻino o kēia ʻohana e nā hoʻoiho kino e hāʻule i loko o nā kino wai - ko lākou mau wahi a me nā hana a ke kanaka e kuhikuhi ana i ka hemo o kēia mau wahi. Eia kekahi, i kekahi mau wahi, manaʻo ʻia nā nahelehele i nā lawaiʻa e lawehala me ka ʻole e hoʻopiʻi iā lākou.
E hoihoi pu ia no hoi:
He liʻiliʻi ka waiwai kūʻai kālepa o kēia mau manu, akā loaʻa mau i hoʻokahi waiwai no ke kanaka: e like me nā copepods ʻē aʻe, hāʻawi ka waiwai i ka puʻupuʻu nui - guano, ua loaʻa ka waihona hauoli i loko o 33 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka manure. Ua hoʻohana maikaʻi kekahi mau'āina, e like me Peru me ka nui o ka mālama nui ʻana o kēia huahana waiwai i kā lākou hana ʻoihana no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kanu o ka pono o ka ʻenehana, a no ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻaiho
Kahiia indian anhinga ma ʻArara-Africa ʻApana, ʻAmelika, ʻAmelika Hema, Sēkia Hema, e pili ana i ka Philippines a me Indonesia, New Guinea a me Australia. Aia ka noho ʻana i kahi noho liʻiliʻi i noho ʻo Tigris ma lalo o Euprates. I ka pau ana o ka noho ʻana o ka anhinga e alakaʻi ai i ka noho ʻano. Noho ana nā wai wai i loko o ke kai a me nā subtropical zone me nā mea kanu kai launa ma ka kahawai: nā loko, nā loko, nā ʻukuna, nā kaiāulu, nā kahe kahe o nā kahe, nā mea ulu. Pono ka pōkole i nā wahi no ka hoʻomaha a me ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ka plumage - nā ʻōpala e kāʻili wale ana i ka wai, kahi lāʻau, nā wī, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
