ʻO ka'āpana āpau o Belarus

Kaumakapua Spindle (Anguidae).

ʻO ka ʻeke spindle-lāʻau he pala, a he keleahi paha, (ma nā inoa inoa he slіmen, slіven, mjadzyanka, mjadzyanitsa) ʻo ia wale nō ka mākaʻikaʻi o nā pōpoki hilahila i Belarus. Ma loko o nā wahi nui o ka repubalika, kāhea ka lehulehu i ka lāʻau spindle-hewa me ka "tano keleawe", e noʻonoʻo ana iā ia he mea ʻawaʻawa a he nui ka luku ʻana iā ia no kēia.

Kahi inoa subspecies o ka spindle (Anguis fragilis fragilis) noho i Belarus.

Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka hoʻoili spindle ma Belarus he mosaic. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau i ka biotopes ulu lāʻau. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo Belarus, ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā makana i ʻike ʻia ma ka moku ʻo Mogilev, kahi liʻiliʻi nā uhi o ka nahele.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ka huelo he 23-43 cm, ke kaumaha he 15-35 g. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā ʻāpana i ka pae o Belarus he 11.5-21.2 cm (♂ - 11.5-17.4, ♀ - 12.4-21.2 cm), ka lōʻihi o ka maka 11.6-20.6 cm (♂ - 11.6-17.0, ♀ - 13.2-20.6 cm), ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo 1.1-1.5 cm. ka liʻiliʻi iki ma mua o ka nui no ka huina ma kahi holoʻokoʻa - 265 mm. Eia nō naʻe, kūpono ia i loko o ka loli o kēia ʻano i ʻike ʻia ma Polani, Kelemānia, Repubalika Czech a me Slowakia, kahi i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka spindles ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 250 mm (maʻa mau o 200 mm).

ʻO ke kino ka fusiform, elongated e like me ke kino o ka nahesa. ʻO nā hōʻailona o waho e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻōpū mai nā nahe i ke aniani o ka neʻe ʻana i nā eyelids (i nā nahele a lākou i palaka ʻia, e uhi ana i ka maka me he aniani nānā), nā anana o nā ʻaluna a me nā ʻāpana dorsal i like like (a ma nā nahesa i uhi ʻia ka ʻōpū me nā lālani o nā pālima nui loa. ʻO kaʻili iki nā pae o ke kino. ʻO ka helu o nā unahi ma waena o ke kino 23-28, ka helu o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū o 126-145. Ua wehe ʻia kahi wehe auditory wehe i 20% o kēlā me kēia.

ʻOkoʻa loa ke ʻano o ke kino o nā ʻōpiopio a me nā ʻōpio. Kāpī ʻia nā ʻala polike i ke kālā-keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula (me kahi kiʻi gula). Ke kuʻi nei i ka pihi i hoʻokahi a i ʻelua mau ʻeleʻele pōkole e hoʻomaka ana ma ke kua o ke poʻo me kahi wahi triangular. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻōpū he keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha i kahi ākea koʻikoʻi me ke kala o ke kua. Ma ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana, e loli ke kala: ʻeleʻele ke kua, a me nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū, ma ke ʻano, e ʻālamalama. Me ka wā o ka makahiki, loaʻa i ka pua mai luna e loaʻa i kahi kala melemele a ʻulaʻula hina me kahi keleawe a me ke keleawe keleawe paha, e wehewehe ana i nā inoa inoa ʻē aʻe - ke keleawe.

ʻO ke hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻāpana dorsal o ke kino e pili ai i ka loli nui ʻana. Aia ma Belarus, he 5 mau hiʻohiʻona o ka pinepine o ka hele ʻana o nā ʻano ākea o nā hōʻailona (fenes) a me kā lākou hoʻohui ʻana. Ma Belarus, 93.4% o nā spindles he mau hiʻohiʻona, nā kāleka dorsomedial pōʻeleʻele - 18,0% (i hala), 9.8% (hoʻokahi pū), 68.9% (hoʻokahi pālua), 3.3% (ʻekolu pākele), uliuli loaʻa - 86.9% i haʻalele ʻole ʻia, nā leka mau dorsolateral 85.2% i loaʻa. ʻO ka hui pinepine e pili ana i ka ʻoihana dorsomedial (ʻelua-laina a ʻokoʻa) a me ke kaula dorsolateral (62.3%). ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā melanist ma nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina me ka ʻohi ʻana ma Belarus.

ʻO ka hale hana maʻamau no ka spindle i kāwili ʻia, nā ʻāpana birch a me nā kumu lāʻau palahalaha, nā keka lāʻau alder, kahi e makemake ai ia i nā lehelehe, nā kihi, nā mālamalama, nā kihi. I kekahi manawa aia ma nā palena palena o ka ulu lāʻau paina a me nā wahi haʻalulu (nā kahawai o nā muliwai a me nā loko, nā pulu kiʻekiʻe). ʻO ka pinepine, pili ka spindle i ka biotopes like me ka mea me ka viviparous lizards, nāhe, a me ka iʻa.

Ua emi loa ka nui o nā spindles: ma ka nui, no ka biogeocenoses ulu, he 0.5 (mai 0 ka 50) mau mea no kēlā me 1 ha. ʻO ka helu liʻiliʻi o nā pua i ʻike ʻia ma ka ulu ʻana i nā lāʻau nika i loaʻa ma 2 o 77 mau biotopes, ma nā kumulāʻau bir - ma 2 mai 26, i nā alder mauwi - i 3 o 52, a ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mea āpau ma ka nāhelehele pua. ʻO ka lahilahi o ka heluna kanaka ma ka ulu lāʻau ʻo 0.02 mau mea no 1 ha, nā lāʻau ʻaukā 0.4, ma ke alanui 1.5, ma nā wahi heʻe waikahe he 1,7 mau kanaka no ka 1 ha.

ʻAʻole like me nā lizards o Belarus, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke ʻala i ke ʻano, no ka mea e alakaʻi ana i kahi ala pilikino. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻoikaika nui ia i ke ahiahi a i ka pō ma ka mahana mahana. I ka lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ma ka ao ʻino, ʻoiai inā ua neʻeneʻe ʻia nā hihia o ka luli ʻana i ka lā awakea i kahi wela o ke koina 30% C. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpala ʻo "sunbathe" i ka pūnāwai, ke lawa ʻole ka wela, a ma hope hoʻi o ke ʻano o ke anuanu i ke kauwela. ʻO kēia ʻānō makemake e hele i ka hopu ʻana ma hope o ka ua kauwela nui.

Hiki i kahi lāʻau pīpī ke hana i kahi no kona wahi i loko o ka ululāʻau a i ʻole (liʻiliʻi pinepine) i ka lepo palupalu, me he mea lā e kāʻei ʻia kona poʻo i ka papaʻu a hoʻoiho ʻia me kona kino. Hūnā ʻia ʻo ia ma lalo o nā ʻōpala o nā lāʻau i hāʻule a me nā ʻōpala o nā lāʻau, ma lalo o nā ʻōpala o nā lāʻau i pohō, i lalo o ka ʻili, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, i nā lua o nā holoholona e ʻeli ana. ʻO kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā pā hale ʻole (nā hihia i hūnā ʻia ʻo ia ma nā anthills i wehewehe ʻia). ʻAʻole hiki i ka ʻūhū ke hōʻeha i ka paʻu - ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili o ka moʻo me nā paona ikaika, a ke pani nei kona mau maka i ka wā e kolo ai i loko o ka wai.

Holo holo pinepine ka spindle i ke neʻe ʻana, e hoʻomalahalaha ana. Eia naʻe, i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana i ka "pālahalaha pālule" (nā mākelē o nā lau, nā mea kanu, nā ʻōpala o nā pōhaku), ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kāna mau neʻe.

Holo kēia līlani no nā ʻōiwi, kahi nui o nā mea ma luna o ka lepo ma hope o ka ua. He ala ala e hoʻihoʻi mai iā lākou mai nā kuʻuna o ka ʻala. ʻO nā niho kūpono ʻoi a hoʻolōʻihi i ka ʻohi iā ia e paʻa i nā wēlē a palupalu e kīnā nei, me ka lulu o kona poʻo. Inā ʻaʻole hua koke ka wu, a laila ka pua, e paʻa ana i kahi hapa o ka mea i hoʻopiha ʻia i loko o ka waha, e kī lōʻihi ana a e hoʻomaka koke i ka holo ʻana a puni ke koena o ke kino a hiki i ka ʻāpana o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kona waha e puka. Ma ka like like, ʻo ka ʻehā mau "hoʻokaʻawale" i ka wīwī, i hopu ʻia e ka ʻelua mau poʻe mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Eia kekahi, ʻai lākou i ka nui o nā makina a me nā mchusks conch. Eia kekahi, hoʻokaʻawale loa nā mea hope i nā ʻili paʻakikī. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā meaʻai o kēia mau inika a me kā lākou pili, millipedes. Aia kekahi hōʻike ʻana o ka puaʻa ʻai i nā kūliona o nā nāhelehele (snakes, vipers). Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole like me nā mea ʻē aʻe hou aʻe o nā lizards dexterous, hiki i ka spindle ke hopu wale i nā mea i pio. E wehewehe aku i kā lākou "addiction" i nā ʻōpala, nā mollusks, nā kōmū.

I kahi ākea, mālama ka spindle-tree i kahi ola pilikino a hiki i ka hiki ke autotomy, ka ʻano ʻano o nā māla ʻē aʻe a pau, e uhaʻi i ka huelo lōʻihi e noho mau nei me ka mea kō. (No laila ua pala ka hapa lua o ka inoa ʻanohele). Akā nō naʻe, ua hāiʻi pinepine ʻo ia i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e hānai ana i ka ʻōpala - hedgehog, fox, ferret, marten, badger, nā manu (stork keʻokeʻo, goshawk, sparrowhawk, harrier, red kite, ʻōpū, ʻōpala, ʻeke-ʻeke, ʻulāʻau manuʻa, ʻ owlio maʻamau. ratven, magpie, jay). Pā pinepine nā ʻuʻu liʻiliʻi i nā nahelehele (kele a me ka viper). Ma Belovezhskaya Pushcha, ʻo ka palu palupalu ka mea nui o kaʻai ʻana o ia mau manu makaʻala e like me ke kālele a me ka eʻae ʻia ana ʻo Lesser, akā ʻo ia e ʻai pinepine ʻia i nā ʻano reptile maʻamau maʻamau - ka viviparous lizard, kahi viper maʻamau maʻamau. ʻO kēlā pahuhopu ʻano paʻakikī o ka spindle ma muli o kāna haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hikiʻole i ka wehe ʻana i nā biotopes, me kona ʻokoʻa nui. ʻO ka mahalo, ua loaʻa ka buzzard a me ka manu lele i ʻike ʻia i ka manawa he 2,4 mau manawa i waena o nā māla o ka spindle (i. . ^ E Ha yM.

Kūpono ka lau ʻōpiu no ka hoʻoilo - ma ka hopena o Kepakemapa - ʻOkakopa. Hoʻolāleʻa ka pua i ka lua i loko o nā lua, i nā ʻōpū ma lalo o nā ʻōpala, i nā ʻōpala i nā ʻōpala, ke piʻi ʻana i kahi hohonu o 80 cm, no laila ʻaʻole i ka manuahi i ka wā hoʻoilo o ke kau hoʻoilo. I kekahi manawa e hōʻiliʻili ai i 20-30 a i ʻole mau ʻia he nui ma kahi hoʻokahi. I ka pūnāwai, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ʻApelila i ka manawa like me he lika wikiwiki (ʻo nā viviparous e waiho iki ma mua o ka mua).

Kūkulu ʻia nā kahe ʻana i nā spindles i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe a keu “ritually” ʻole ma nā lizards maoli. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kāne i ka ʻāʻī. I ka manawa pinepine, ua hana mua ka wahine i nā ʻāʻī e hōʻoki, akā kahi e hoʻopili ʻia i ke apo a me ka kāne. ʻO ka manawa pinepine e huki ke kāne i ka wahine i kahi wahi i kahi kaawale, e paʻa ana i kona kino neʻe me kāna mau niho ma ka ʻāʻī.

Ma hope o ka wā e moe ai, ma hope o 3 mau mahina, ʻo ka wahine, ma o ka waiho ʻana i ka hua, e pili ana i kona nui nui, e lawe mai ana mai 5 a 26 mau cubs, pinepine loa 7-14. Aia kekahi kānāwai i ʻike ʻia ma kahi terrarium kekahi wahine, nona ke lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i 21 cm, hānau mai ʻo 20 mau kekita. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā ʻōpiopio e pili ana i ka 5 cm cm me ka nui o ka nui o ka nui 5-7.6 g. Kūkū pinepine ʻia nā wai i loko o ka hopena o Iulai-ʻAukake a lilo i ka moekolohe i kā lākou mau makahiki o ke ola. Nāheheʻe ka spindle i mau manawa i ka makahiki, e waiho ana iā ia iho, e like me ka nahesa, ua hāloi ka ʻili kahiko.

ʻAe maikaʻi ka lāʻau spindle i nā kihi ola a hoʻohana i ka mea nāna, lawe i ka meaʻai mai nā lima. Mālama ʻia lākou i loko o Zoos, kahi a lākou i maikaʻi ai a hōʻuluʻulu wale ʻia lākou. Aia kekahi kūlana ʻike i ka wā i noho ai ka spindle i ke terrarium no 54 mau makahiki.

1. Pikulik M.M. (red.) / Waiwai. Pazuny: Etsyklapedychny davidnik (Zhivelny kukui o Belarus_). Minsk, 1996.240 s.

2. Pikulik M. M., Bakharev V. A., Kosov S. V. "Reptile o Belarus." Minsk, 1988. -166s.