Kukupa kolu kuhikuhi ʻia e nā ʻepekema i ka ʻohana o nā mea kipa. Aia nā mākia o kona mua i nā hōʻailona kaulike - e like me ʻekolu kenimika no nā wahine nui loa, a no nā kāne ʻaʻole i komo nā ʻēheu i kēlā mau helu. I ka hapa nui, he keʻokeʻo ka ʻaoʻao o nā lehelehe a nā ʻāpana wale nō i nā ʻāpana kūʻē i kahi kiʻi māmā.
ʻO kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau ʻalupuʻu he mau pōpoki ʻeleʻele ma luna o nā ʻēheu o nā wahine, akā naʻe, ʻaʻohe hewa o ka ʻano like o kēia mau wahi. I ka paʻa ʻana o ko lākou mau ʻēheu, aneane ʻike ʻole nā pōpoki o nā ʻēheu, ʻoiai ke ʻalupulu nā ʻēheu i ka kua.
ʻO ka kulekele ka mea maʻamau i nā ʻāina a pau o ʻEulopa Hema, a hiki no hoʻi ke ʻike ʻia ma ʻApelika Hikina, nā ʻāpana o Asia a hiki i Iapana. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā mea kanu ʻōpala a hiki i ʻAmelika Hema.
Kiʻi hoʻōla kiʻi ʻōpala
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka pena
He ʻuʻuku ʻoi aku ka polu. Noho ʻo ia ma nā kihi lāʻau, nā nahele a me nā lehelehe, ma nā māla a me nā wahi māla, nā kākela o nā ala, ma nā alanui. Eia ua kiʻi nui ʻia ia e nā mea kanu mai ka ʻohana cruciferous, e ulu ana i ka hihiu a i kanu ʻia hoʻi e nā kānaka.
E pili ana i ka ʻōpala kīwaha ʻLelo lākou, ʻo lākou nā mea nui o ka ʻoihana kula o ka māla, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maoli kēia maʻa - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pākeke ma mua o ka hōʻeha.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka hana nui o ka kāpena mai ʻApelila a waena o ʻOkakopa. ʻO ke aniani kahi e noho ai ka pōpilikia e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻōpala - mai nā kāpeti hiki ke puka mai ʻelua a ʻekolu mau hua.
ʻO nā kiʻi paʻi kahe a me nā ʻōpala o ka kāpeti
Paʻi nui nā pīpī i ke ao, lele lele lākou i ka lā mahana i ka wela ke ka mahana. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole makemake ka palu i nā makani ikaika, no laila makemake lākou e noho ma kahi o ka wahi i mālama ʻia ai e ka lewa o ka lewa.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka pipi pōpoki
Wahi a ke kaʻina helu, pili ka peste i ka ʻāina o Eukaryotes, ka papa o nā Iniseti ʻano, ke ʻano o Arthropods. ʻO nā pale kīpolī he lālā ia o ka ʻohana Belyanok. ʻO ka ākea ākea ma ka Hikina Hema a me ʻAmelika. Loaʻa iā ia kona inoa no ka nui o ke aloha i ka ʻoliki. Eia naʻe, hoʻonā kēia mea pōpilikia i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
He maʻalahi loa ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kahi mea he nui.
- He ʻeleʻele kona kino keʻokeʻo, 4 mau ʻēheu.
- ʻO ka waiho ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. He maʻalahi nā wahine i nā ʻokoʻa ʻana i nā kāne - loaʻa nā ʻeleʻele i kā lākou mau ʻēheu.
- Hiki i nā ʻēheu i nā wahine i 6 mau kenimita, ma nā pepeke kāne liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku kēia helu.
- I ka palaki, he ʻōlohelohe o ke kino kaomi, nā mea ʻino e hiki mai ana e kokoke kokoke i kekahi.
- Loaʻa nā ʻōmaka o nā pala i ka ʻulaʻula, kūlohelohe nā keʻokeʻo e waiho ana ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. I ka laulā holoʻokoʻa, hiki i ka nui o ka anuhe i hiki ke 2-3 kenimika.
ʻO nā pōpō ʻōpala he pōpilikia koʻikoʻi.
No ka ʻōlelo aʻo! Ma waho aʻe, hiki ke hilahila me kahi replica wahine, akā naʻe, ma ka nānā loiloi ʻana, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻokoʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lālani.
ʻO nā wahine wahine o nā ʻāpana o nā ʻēheu mua i loaʻa iā lākou kahi mau inoa ʻeleʻele ʻele ma ka ʻaoʻao mua a me nā pupu ʻeleʻele ma ke kikowaena. Ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o nā ʻēheu ʻehā, ʻike ʻia kahi wahi kime kahi.
Ma nā kāne, ua pena nā ʻāpana o nā ʻēheu mua, akā ʻaʻohe ʻōnaehana; ma nā ʻēheu hind, ma kahi ʻē, hoʻokahi ʻāpana.
Ma kahi lele, lele ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo i ka iho ʻana, i ka wā e pae ai, hoʻopuʻi koke ʻia i kona mau ʻēheu. Ma muli o ka kala kala i ka ʻāpana lalo, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka pepeke e nā manu. I ka hapanui pinepine, hiki i ka pest me nā ʻala a me nā ʻōpala.
ʻO ka ʻili o ke kaiāulu he oval, ka ʻulaʻula ʻia me nā wāwae ʻelua. Hoʻopau nā ʻōpū me nā puʻupuʻu koʻikoʻi, me ke kōkua o ke kiʻi ʻia i ka lāʻau i nā mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, ua palupalu nā paila a lākou iho, nā paʻakikī paʻakikī no ka neʻe ʻana me ka kōkua ʻana, no laila ʻo ka hapa nui ka lele ʻana.
Aia nā maka he nui i ka maka, aia nā maka a me ka ʻala o ka mea make, no laila ke ʻike wikiwiki ʻia a ʻike ʻia nā mea kanu nani a nani hoʻi. Hiki pū nā ʻōlima lōʻihi e ʻike i nā pua no ka kāpiki.
I kekahi ʻōpiopio pāwau, uhi ʻia ke kino i nā lauoho poʻomanaʻo, ʻekolu mau ʻāpana ʻulaʻula ʻike i ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao.
He hoihoi! Nā māla lawaiʻa ʻike ʻole no kekahi mau kumu e manaʻoʻiʻo ana he pōpō ka ʻōpala i ʻai i ka kāpeti. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mau pōpoki, a ua kanu nā mea kanu kuana i nā ʻeneki.
Pāʻai kino me ka hoʻohua
Hoʻonui ka kāpena kāpena i ka wā hoʻoilo i ka pupae. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka haumana ma kahi pōpilikia haʻalulu. I ka lāʻĀpelila - Mei, i ka wā e mahana a kūlohelohe ai ka manawa, hoʻomaka nā pepeke e puka. Hoʻokomo aku ʻo Butterfly i nā hua i ka lau kāpeti a i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana cruciferous a me ka mauʻu mauʻu. Hiki i kahi pepeke ke waiho i ka awelika a hiki i ka 300 larvae, akā inā ʻae ʻia nā kūlana, ʻo ka nui o nā hua melemele like ʻole i loko o ka pipi e hoʻonui ai i 600.
Ma hope o kekahi mau manawa, loaʻa kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā anuhe, loaʻa iā lākou he kala melemele ʻulaʻula, ʻo ke kino he 4 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi, loaʻa iā 16 mau wāwae. Ke hele koke nei ka loli o ka kala i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula-uliuli, nā melemele a me nā ʻeleʻele hoʻi.
Aia ka ʻenemi i ka ʻōpala, hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia i nā lau a hoʻoneʻe i nā lālā, nā papa, kahi pā. Hana ʻia ka lua ma laila, ma hope iho e liuliu ai ka pupa i piha ʻano piha. Hoʻā ʻo ka pūpū i nā māla me nā māla māla me ka ikaika hou.
Hoʻolohe Nui ka poʻe makemake i ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi ʻōpala kāpeti. ʻO kekahi mau lā ka nui o ke ola o kahi anuhe he mau hebedoma; he pōpō makua pākahi, ma hope o ke huli ʻana mai kahi chrysalis, e ola ana no kahi o 30 mau lā, e hoʻomau mau ana i ka ʻano mau.
Hoʻohana ka hua manu pipi i nā nectar mai nā pua, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā proboscis. ʻO nā mea kanu punahele loa no lākou.
ʻO ka waiho ʻana o nā hua manu e lawe ʻia e ka inika e nā mea kanu cruciferous, akā makemake lākou i ka kāpeti. ʻAiʻane nui nā ʻōpala a me nā hua lāʻau i nā lau o kēia moʻomeheu, ma ka mea mua ua pili pū lākou a pau, a pau ka meaʻai, holo lākou i ka mea e hiki mai ana.
He mea kūpono ia e ʻike hiki i ka mea kāpala ke ʻai i ke kāleka, a ʻokoʻa kā lākou ʻono. Loaʻa i nā mea kanu lāʻau kanu ke ʻano me ka ʻono a me ka ʻono hoʻi, ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i kahi maʻi maʻi. ʻAʻole hoihoi pono nā moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe no ka mea inika, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka make ʻana o ka pōloli.
ʻO ka ku pōpilikia o nā pōpoki kāpī no ka moʻomeheu
I ka wā mahana, hoʻomōloo ka ʻalā i ke ola ʻelua mau hanauna, ma nā ʻaoʻao kūkulu hema a ʻekolu paha. Hiki i ka maʻi kino i ka hōʻeha ʻole i ka māla māla a me nā wahi māla. Eia nō naʻe, palekana ka palūalelo iho no nā mea ʻāina. ʻAi iho paha ia i nā mea kanu e hōʻino i nā mea kanu.
No nā meaʻaiʻai, hoʻohana nā mea iniketi i nā lau o ka kāpeti a me nā mea kanu cruciferous - nā wīwī, nā ʻōpio, ka pua nani, ka horseradish. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, inā ʻaʻohe kumu hana i ka manawa, hiki i kahi kolone o nā kukuna hiki ke luku kokoke i ka piha āpau.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole wale nā mea kanu ke hoʻopilikia. Kāpīpī keʻokeʻo i ka nāu ʻōpala i hiki ke hōʻeha i ka ʻili o ka ʻili. I kekahi mau hihia, ua ʻike ʻia ka make o ka moa i hope o ka ʻai ʻana i kēia mau pōpoki.
Kāniki: ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano
Kāhu a ʻōpala keʻokeʻo paha, kiʻi
ʻO Cold (Pieris brassicae) kahi pōpō ʻohana na ka ʻohana ʻapoʻawa (Pieridae).
He nui a nui nā pepeke makua. Loaʻa nā ʻēheu i ka 55-60 mm.
ʻO ka ʻōpala ke kala keʻokeʻo, hoʻopili ʻia e nā wahi uliuli i ke kumu. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka keʻokeʻo ka keʻokeʻo he nui o ka ʻeha ʻaha ʻihi me ka pupu ʻuʻupu i ulihi o nā ʻēheu mua. He melemele nā ʻēheu haʻahaʻa me nā unahi ʻeleʻele.
Loaʻa ka wahine kāpeti i nā dimorphism wahine: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, ʻo ka hoʻohui, loaʻa nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o lākou ma ke ʻano.
Kākoʻo ola
Hoʻomaka nā makahiki o nā lolo i ka wai. Ke alakaʻi nei ka ʻōpala kāpala i kahi nohona o kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻoikaika maoli ka pōpoki i nā lā wela a me ka wela, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i nā ʻano hau.
ʻO ka mahana māla wela no ka mōneka he 20-25 ° C.
Kukūlū hua manu pipi i Iulai-ʻAukake. Ma hope o ka hoʻomakeʻa, hoʻomoe nā wahine i ka hua ma lalo o ka lau i nā pūʻulu o 20-200 mau pcs. Kāhea aku ʻo Ccrecity i nā hua he 300.
ʻO ka hua ʻōpala o kahi ʻeleʻele melemele ke ʻano ʻulaʻula maoli. ʻO kā lākou lōʻihi e pili ana iā 1,2 mm. Ma hope o 1-2 mau pule, ua puka mai nā uka mai nā hua.
ʻO nā ʻōla keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i kahi kala hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā wahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a me nā hiʻohiʻona, aʻo nā palahalaha melemele. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ulana e like me 3.5 cm. I ka mua, ʻaʻole palapū a paʻa nā ʻōpū a paʻa. ʻAi lākou i ka ʻiʻo o ka lalo o nā lau. Ma hope o kekahi mau manawa, e lele ʻana ka anuʻi ma ke kanu a ʻai i kona lau. Inā makemake nui nā pua i ka ʻili o lalo o nā lau, a laila makemake ke pākeke i ka ʻaoʻao o luna.
Kāpīpī nā kōmala i nā wā ʻehā. Hiki i ka papa ʻaina ke holo mai ka ʻelua a ʻehā hebedoma, e pili ana i nā kūlana o ke ʻano. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia o ka nāhelehele me ke kāʻei o ke kaula siliki i nā pihi (nā pōhaku, nā lāʻau, nā ʻōpala, nā pā) a lilo i kahi chrysalis.
He ʻāpana ʻōmaʻala-ʻōmaʻomaʻo o Pupae a me kahi ʻano angular. Ma ka ʻaoʻao a ma ke kua he mau pupu ʻeleʻele kona. ʻO ka pupae ka mea maʻamau ma nā lāʻau, nā pā, nā paia o nā hale, he nui ka ʻike i nā lau kāpeti. Loaʻa ka papa haumana i ka awelika o 10-15 lā. Ma lalo o nā kūlana pōʻino, hiki i nā hua kime o nā hanauna he kauwela ke hoʻopuka i ka pupule diapausing; hoʻopau lākou i kā lākou ulu ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻoilo.
He poʻo ʻeleʻele nā ʻōpiopio, loaʻa nā pākeke i nā wahi ākea.
Ke kū mai ka hoʻomohala o ka lua lua inā ʻaʻole i luku ʻia ka mea mua. I nā palena hema a hiki i ka 3 mau hanauna o ka kāpeti e hiki ke hoʻomohala i hoʻokahi manawa.
Ma nā wahi hema, e puka ana ka hanauna mua i ʻApelila - mua o Mei, a ma ka ʻākau - i ka hopena o Mei - i ka hoʻomaka mua o Iune. E ulu ana ka hanauna lua i ka hopena o Iulai - i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake.
Kāohi a kāohi
ʻO ka pale nui ka kaila manawa i hoʻomaka ʻia e ka maʻi pest. Inā loaʻa nā hua ma ka mea kanu, pono koke nā hana kūpono e pono ai. Hiki i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu ke mālama pono ʻia e ka wehe manu ʻana i nā hua manu.
Ke komo pū nei nā hana kūpono ʻole i kēia aʻe:
- E wehe i ka masonry mai nā hale lāʻau a me nā pā me nā wai wai ikaika.
- Mai waiho i nā hua kanu lūlū i ulu ma nā wahi, e lawe iā lākou i ka manawa.
- Loaʻa nā moena me nā hua kanu cruciferous ma kahi mamao loa mai kekahi i kekahi, no laila, i ka nānā ʻole ʻana i nā pōpoki.
- ʻAʻole makemake ka pepeke pōʻino i ka ʻala o ka marigolds, valerian, lemon balm.
- Pono e uhi ʻia nā hua koloa me kahi agrofibre kūikawā i hiki ʻole ai i nā hua manu ke waiho i hua.
- ʻO nā kāloti, ka parsley a me ka dill hoihoi i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka kāpeti, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu cruciferous ma waena.
- ʻO nā wahi kāpena hoʻonaninani e makemake nui loa i nā pōpoki, ʻaʻole wale ka pipi pōpoki.
- Hāʻawi ʻia i ka manawa maʻamau e nānā i nā lau o nā huaʻai i mea e lawe ai i nā mea e pono ai i ka manawa.
- Inā pono, e hoʻohana i nā meaʻenehana.
Ke kūlohelohe nei, aia nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka kāpeti. ʻO ka mea holo kaʻa nui he Apanteles. ʻO kēia ʻano ʻano o ka wasp i mea ʻano lapaʻau a waiho i kāna mau hua manu ma ko lākou kino. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka make o 80% o ka pūpū. ʻO ia ka mea e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna o nā palu i loko o ke ʻano. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka kāpeti ke lilo i meaʻai no nā pīpī a me nā ʻanuʻu.
Nā ala e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka ʻōpō lolo
Nui nā ala e kōkua ai i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i kēia maʻi maʻi. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻāʻo i nā ala pilikino. Nui kahi mau paʻi kālā no nā kālā:
- Lawe i ka nui o ka burdock, yarrow a me ka wormwood. Hoʻohui maikaʻi a ninini i ka ʻano kāwili me ka wai hoʻolapalapa ma kahi kūhelu o 1/3. Ma hope o nā lā ʻelua, ua kānana ʻia ka infusion a mālama ʻia me nā mea kanu.
- I loko o 3 mau wai o ka wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kahi hue ʻeke o ka valerian. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hopena me nā hua kāpī, ʻoluʻolu loa ka ʻala no ka pest i kekahi manawa o ka hoʻolālā.
- ʻO nā lālā Pine a me nā cones i ka nui o ka g 200 kaila o 2 mau wai o ka wai wela. Waiho aku i kahi hebedoma e koi ai. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hopena hopena, mālama ʻia i loko o ka friji. No ka hōʻiliʻili, hoʻokahe ka ipu o ka infusion i 10 lita o ka wai.
- ʻO ka pipi a me ka lehu kekahi mau mea momona maikaʻi e kōkua ana i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā mea hemo he nui. Mai ka kāpeti e kōkua pū lākou. Laha ka hapa o ka lehu i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka 10 lita o ka wai, i kāwili maikaʻi loa, waiho ʻia no kekahi manawa. E hōʻalo i ka wai o ka wai i loko o kahi pahu i hoʻokaʻawale, hoʻohui i 2 mau punetēpau nui o ka pulu wai. Hoʻopili ʻia ka mea hana.
He nui nā ʻōnaehana o nā kūmole, ʻaki ia i ka hana ʻana e hana i nā kuʻuna a me ka paona, i ʻole e hoʻopōʻino i ka moʻomeheu.
No ka ʻōlelo aʻo! Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia he mau pono kūpono nā ala e pale ai ma o nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi.
Nāiila
Inā he mana ʻole nā kānaka lapaʻau, a laila ʻāpono ʻia e hoʻoulu i nā lāʻau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, kūpono ke koho i nā koho palekana loa - ke ʻano o ke kaohi o ke kaohi. ʻAʻole lākou e hōʻino i ka mea kanu a kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā iniseti weliweli. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻolohe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me Fitoverm, Lepitocide.
Eia nō naʻe, i nā wahi nui ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hāʻawi i ka makemake i ka kemika koʻikoʻi - Karbofos, Aktellik. Mākaukau ʻia ka hoʻonā ʻia e like me nā ʻōlelo a ka mea noiʻi, a hoʻōla wale ʻia nā mea kanu i ke ʻano o ka hanana o ka lau.
Ke ʻike nei i ka mea e hanaʻino ai i ka wahine kāpeti, pono ia e hoʻokō i ka mālama pale ʻana o nā mea kanu i ka manawa hiki i ka ulu maikaʻi a piha ʻole. No ka hōʻaloʻana i nā mea hihiu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano o nā kānaka, inā pono, e hoʻopili i nā mea kanu i mākaukau e like me nā kuhikuhi. ʻO ke kanu kūpono ʻana i nā mea kanu like ʻole, a me ke kanu ʻana i nā pua i makemake ʻole ai ke kaikamahine kāpiki, e kōkua nō hoʻi i ka pale ʻana i nā pōpoki.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona
He ʻohana ʻohana nui ka lepidoptera nona nā ʻano o nā lālani 1146, 91 ʻano genera. ʻO kona inoa ʻepekema piha piha ʻo ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo (Latin Pieris brassicae). Nui ka nui o nā pākeke mai ka 2.5 a 3.3 cm. Ma kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO nā eheu o ka mea kahiko mai 5.1 a 6.3 cm, a ʻo kēia hope mai 4.9 a 6.2 cm
Ke keʻokeʻo a ʻona paha ke kumu nui o ke kukala. ʻO nā kihi o nā ʻēheu he mau ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā wahine i hoʻokahi ʻeleʻele i kēlā me kēia eheu. ʻOnoʻulaʻula ka ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa o nā ʻēheu. No laila, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kahi mea iniketi i luna o kahi mea kanu.
Ua aneane loa ke kino o ka ʻōpala, kahi o ke poʻo, ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū, i uhi ʻia i nā lauoho maikaʻi loa. Ke noho nei ka pōpō ma luna o kahi pua, ʻo ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ka pollen e noho i luna o kēia mau lauoho. Pēlā, e kōkua ai ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo i ka koho ʻana i nā mea kanu.
He hānai manuahi ʻoi aku me ke kōkua o kahi proboscis. ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine ʻia ia i loko o kahi kiko. E hoʻoponopono wale ka pepeke i ka manawa wale nō e makemake ai e kiʻi i nā nectar mai kahi pua. ʻO nā lālā o ka ʻike o nā kukupu he mau pālule a puni nā maka. Aia ka Tactile a me nā olfactory mea i loaʻa i nāʻaoʻao o ka antennae lōʻihi.
ʻElua mau wāwae a nā wāwae ʻeono o kēlā me ka ʻōpū. Me kā lākou kōkua, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lāʻau lāʻau. I ka manawa like, hoʻomohala holomua ka paʻa o ka wāwae o mua ma ka ʻōpala i hiki ke hoʻohana iā lākou i ka wā e hele ana. Ke neʻe nei ka ʻōpala keʻokeʻo. Mālama kēia me ka manu i ka leʻaleʻa, no ka mea, he paʻakikī loa ka huki e hopu i kahi pepeke e holo ana i ka lele.
Me ka mea ʻoi e pale a hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻenemi i hiki mai, hoʻohana ka pipi i kona ʻano. ʻO ka "camouflage" Aposematic "ʻaʻole wale nā pepelu makua, akā, ʻo kā lākou huaka a me nā pupae.Eia kekahi, ma muli o nā kikoʻī o ka meaʻai, nā uka ʻōpala i hoʻokuʻu i kahi mea ʻono maikaʻi ʻole (ʻo kāna kumu ka nui puaʻa e loaʻa ai nā pūpū palu) e hoʻoweliweli i ka hapa nui o nā manu.
Ke ʻike nei i kahi pōpō keʻokeʻo ma loko o kahi māla a i nā pua pua, i ka hoʻomaopopo maopopo iā ia he kāpiki. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia - pōpō Pōpala He mau "pālua" mai ka ʻohana like, kahi e hihia pinepine ai kekahi me kekahi.
ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻo kona "ʻāpē", nā wahine hoʻi i ʻaelike ʻia, ua like me ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. He mau ʻeleʻeleʻele kona mau ʻēheu keʻokeʻo (loaʻa i ke kāne ma ka lehelehe, ʻelua wahine) a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ke kihi o kona hāhi luna. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka replica wahine - ke lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o kona kino ʻaʻole i 2 - 2.6 cm, a me nā ʻēheu - 4-5 cm.
Kū like ʻole i ka ʻolua a me ka bryukvennitsa. Loaʻa nā ʻeleʻele o nā ruthenes i nā ʻāpana lapalapa, nā kihi o nā ʻēheu o luna i pena ʻia i ke kala ʻeleʻele. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia ka rim o ia mau mea (he brown, hina, hina) a me ka maopopo nā wahi ʻili. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻiʻiki haʻahaʻa o kēia butterfly he melemele, ka melemele-ʻalani a me nā ocher-yellow hue. ʻO nā ʻēheu no nā kāne he 3.5 - 4 cm, no nā wahine - 1,8 - 2.6 cm.
ʻO kekahi mea ʻona i kapa ʻia he pōpō ʻōpala he hawthorn. Hoʻohālikelike kona i kona mau ʻāpana me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻōpala o nā kāpena (wingpan 5 - 6.5 cm), akā ʻaʻohe ʻōuli ʻeleʻele ma luna o kona mau ʻēheu - ke keʻokeʻo nei me nā ʻalihi manamana.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hilahila i ka kāpeti a me nā ʻano pīnī i nā ʻano pā. He pōkole ʻeleʻele hoʻi nā mea i luna. Akā, mau aniani nā kihi o nā ʻēheu. Hiki i kēia lolo, ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā puka ākea. Ma ka māla, ʻaʻole like me kā "pālua pāpālua," ʻaʻole lākou he mau helu hoʻokipa maʻamau. I kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia o kēia mea e lihue, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kekahi mea pōpilikia ma mua o ke koena.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
ʻO ka maʻamau ola ke kāpolē i nā mahina ma nā wahi nahele. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ia i ʻoluʻolu ma nā kihi o nā ululāʻau, nā alanui, nā māla, nā māla a me nā wahi o ka noho ʻana - kahi nā kūpono kūpono nā mana.
Mahalo i ko lākou hiki ke piʻi i luna o ke kiʻekiʻe o 20 mau mika, a hiki i ka wikiwiki e hiki ai i ka 20 km / h i ka holo ʻana, hele maʻalahi lākou e lele wale ma waena o nā māla, akā e hele ana hoʻi mai kēlā me kēia ʻāina a i lele paha i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.
I ka wā mua, ua noho ka ʻōpio pīpī ma ka Hikina Hikina a me Central Asia, akā naʻe, ua hoʻonui nui i kahi noho o kēia mau inika. Hiki i kēia lā ke loaʻa i nā wahi āpau ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻEulopa (a hiki i ke 62 ° N), ma ʻApelika Hikina, East Asia, nā Urals, hema Siberia, Southern Primorye a me Sakhalin.
Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka honua honua, i ka waena o nā 1800, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻekahi mua i ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. ʻO ka mea mua, ua "ʻike" ka pipi i ka ʻāina o Canada (ua ʻike mua ʻia lākou ma ʻaneʻi i 1860) a laila ua holo lākou i USA. I ka 1893, aia ke ʻano ʻehā o nā ʻisisike manu i Hawaiʻi nei.
ʻO ka ʻāina ʻē a lākou i koho ai ʻo New Zealand (1930). A ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā wahi a pau o ka ʻāina o ka mokuʻāina o Australia. Ma ʻAmelika Hema, loaʻa wale i nā pōpoki i ka hapa lua o ka kenekulia XX. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, a ma Chile, "hālāwai lākou me lākou" i nā makahiki 1970.
ʻOiai he mea nui ia i nā ʻāina he nui i makemake nui ʻia nā kūlana no ka hoʻohuli a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea lapuwale o ka nui o kā lākou helu. A ua loaʻa ka hana ʻino mai nā pepeke.
Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau ʻōla i ke ola maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā, e hoʻopau ana i ka pō i nā kahe o nā pā, nā pā, a me ka lāʻau lāʻau. Ke hoʻoikaika nui nei lākou i nā lā mahana wela. ʻOi aku ka makemake e kali i nā ua ma nā wahi neʻe.
ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka ʻalani lapalapa o nā kukuna wai ikaika, no laila e hoʻāʻo lākou e koho i nā ʻāina palupalu no ke ola a hoʻoulu. Hoʻomaka ka huakaʻi kāpeti kohi ma ka pūnāwai i ka wā e ke wela ai ka mahana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hana o ka pulupulu mai ka lā ʻApelila a hiki i ka makahiki mua o ʻOkakopa.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
E like me ka nui o nā mea iniketi, kāpili Kukulu hoʻomohala ʻana ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia he nui o nā hana holomua. Ma muli o ka nui o ka puaʻa kāpeti, ʻaʻole pono nā kāne e hana lōʻihi i kahi huakaʻi no ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi hoa.
No ke kiʻi ʻana i ka wahine, hoʻoiho ke kāne i kahi ʻono nui, like ia me ka ʻala o ka geranium. Ma mua o ka hoʻomau pololei ʻana i ka moe ʻana, lele nā ʻelua pōpoki me kahi o ka 100 mau mika (he kaʻina hana o ka pilina a me ka hoʻā ʻana.
ʻAʻohe! Hāpai ka wahine hānai mai ke koena o nā "mau keikikāne" i ka mauʻu. Ma aneʻi e ʻoki ʻo ia i kona mau ʻēheu a hoʻokuʻu ʻole. Inā ʻike mau ke kāne i ka wahine hūnā, wehe ʻo ia i kona mau ʻēheu e pale aku i ka pilina a hāʻawi i kahi hōʻailona o ka hōʻole (ke hāpai ʻana i kāna ʻōpū ma kahi kihi). Ma hope o kēlā, lele aku ka kāne ʻōpio i ka ʻimi ʻana i kekahi hoa ʻē aʻe.
Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, hoʻomoe nā wahine i kā lākou hua. ʻO nā moths, kēlā me kēia mea i loaʻa mai nā 15 a 100 mau hua (ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi a a i ka 200 mau ʻāpana), nā pipi i waiho ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā ʻāpana o nā hua kanu cruciferous (ka hapanui pinepine, ma ka kāpeti). Eia, hoʻomalu pono nā hua ʻaʻole mai nā mea wānana, akā, no ka ua a me ka ʻike mālamalama.
Ua hōʻike ʻia e nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻoi ka mea kanu ʻoi i kūpono ke kūmole ma ka honi (i ka wā hoʻokolohua, kau wale nō nā mea make i nā hua ma luna o ka pā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka wai kāpala).
ʻAʻohe! I loko o nā makahiki he nui o ke nānā ʻana, ʻike ke ʻepekema i hoʻokahi hiʻohiʻona o ka kāpeti - ʻaʻole ia e waiho wale hua, akā mālama pono i kāna hua, a i ʻole, ua lawa ka ʻai. No laila, ʻaʻole e hoʻolauna ka wahine i nā hua ma kēlā mau lau kahi i waiho ʻia ai kahi kīwī ʻokoʻa. Ua manaʻo ʻia aia ka ʻike ʻia o ka ʻāʻī ʻana o ka ʻōpala o ka kāpeti i ʻike ʻia hoʻi e ka mea ʻono.
ʻO nā hua o ka ʻili lapalapa me ka puʻupuʻu lōʻihi. ʻAkēnē ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kala o nā hua ʻano. ʻAʻole liʻuliʻu, ma hope o nā lā he 6-8 mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā hua o nā hua i kau ʻia. ʻO kā lākou hana nui o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai e pono ai no ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka iniseti.
Ma ka mua kāpolo palupalu larva ʻuʻuku a like a like a kola liʻiliʻi. Eia naʻe, ma ka hānai mau ʻana, lawe koke ia i ka paona, huli ʻana i loko o kahi anu i loko o ka ʻōpala "solid" mau o 4 - 4,5 cm.
Kūkulu ʻia nā puka e puka hou mai nā hua e ʻoki i ka ʻili a me ka ʻiʻo mai nā lau. Akā e hoʻonui mālie lākou i ka makemake, a loaʻa iā lākou ka hiki ke luku loa i nā ʻāpana uliuli o nā mea kanu. Hāʻawi i ka voracity o nā palone, a me ko lākou helu, hiki i kekahi keʻike maʻalahi i ka poino i hōʻeha ʻia e lākou i nā mea kanu.
ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi nā larva, hoʻopaʻa lākou i nā pūʻulu nui, e like me ka mea ma ka masonry. Akā ʻo ka ʻelemakule e loaʻa ana, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka meaʻai e pono ai. No laila, hoʻopuehu ʻia lākou i nā ʻāina ākea.
ʻŌpio ʻApana kikī he uliuli ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole nā kala ʻulaʻula, e hiki ai ke hana me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana me ka pale i kahi e noho ai. I ka manawa like, mahalo i nā ʻano ʻekolu o kona māka i loko o kona kino, hiki i ka larva ke hoʻololi i nā pale o kona integument, e hoʻohālikelike i nā kūlana i noho ai. No laila, ma ka mālamalama ka lau o ka ʻōpala "huli pale", a ma nā lauʻeleʻele, loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano ʻoniʻoni.
Ke ulu nui nei, hāʻule ka larva a hoʻololi i kona kala i 4 mau manawa. I ka wā mua e lilo ia i ka poni-hina-hina me nā wahiʻeleʻele. Holo ʻia kahi ʻōniu melemele ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, a ka māmā i ka hope o ke kua. A laila hoʻololi i ka kala nui o ka anuhe i ka uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO nā ʻulaʻulaʻula ma nā ʻaoʻao, ma ke kua, a me nā wahiʻeleʻele i ke kino e noho mau.
I uhi ʻia ka ʻili i ka setae liʻiliʻi. ʻO kona mau wāwae 16 paʻa e waiho iā ia e neʻe maʻalahi a puni ka ʻaoʻao o ka pale a ʻaʻole hāʻule. ʻO nā māka chitin o nā larva kahi ʻano ʻano hana ʻehā o ke ʻano a neʻe mau nei. ʻAe kēia iā ia e māloʻamu a ʻūlū aku i nā fibers mea kanu paʻakikī.
E like me nā pākeke, hiki i nā mea kime ke lele i kahi lōʻihi loa no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole like lākou i ke kīwī (ka ua nui) a me ka mahana wela. ʻO nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no kā lākou uluʻana he maloʻo maloʻo a me ka t + 20 + 25 ° С.
Akā ʻaʻole e like me nā pōpeku e hoʻoikaika nei i ka lā, ʻo nā larvae he nocturnal. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi maʻa, ʻai nui lākou i ka pō, a i ke ao "hoʻomaha" lākou i ke kumu o nā poʻo kāpeti, kahi mamao aku i ka lā, nā manu, a me ka maka o nā kānaka.
ʻO 2-3 mau lā o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea i loaʻa i ka wiki, i kekahi manawa kikoʻī i ka 40 lā. Aia nō ka mea a pau ke kūlohelohe. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o lākou, ʻo ka wikiwiki ka hana. I kona hopena, ua mākaukau ka larva e pane.
ʻO Pupa ka paʻakai keʻokeʻo ka pilikia nui loa o ka neʻe ʻana o kona ola. I kēia wā, ʻaʻohe mālama ʻia ʻo ia e kekahi mea a ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hūnā i kahi hoʻoweliweli kūpono. No laila, no ka neʻe i ka pae hou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a huli i kahi chrysalis, huli ka ʻili i ka ʻūhā nui loa (ʻo ia paha ka lāʻau kokoke loa, kahi ʻulā kumu lāʻau, a i ʻole e pā ana ma hope o ka pā hale).
Ke kiʻi nei i kahi kihi kūpono, e paʻa paʻa loa iā ia me ke kaula e like me ka siliki, a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a hoʻomaka i ka pupule. ʻO ka pena ka pupa i like ke kala me ka uka - ʻo ia hoʻi nā pua melemele-ʻoniʻala me nā ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. Nani kona'āpana.
Ma hope o 1,5 a 2 mau pule, e hamo ana ka popo palaoa, a he kupu hou mai kona poʻi. Inā hele ka mana pupation i ka hopena o ke kauwela a me nā kūlana i ka wā ʻole i makemake ʻole i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana, e waiho nō ka lau o ka kāpala ma ke ʻano o kahi pupa a hoʻopau ʻia i ke kōkene hana a hiki i ka puna.
I ka manawa mua, palupalu nā ʻēheu o ka mōlia ʻo “pēpē a pēpē, a hoʻomāhuahua iki nā pupu a lākou a hoʻomō iā lākou i ka lā no nā hola he nui. Aneane ikaika a lele nā ʻēheu, ua mākaukau nā pōpō no ka māla a me ka hānau hou ʻana. Loaʻa ma ke ola he 20 mau lā o ke ola o kekahi pepeke. I ka awelika, i ka manawa, ʻelua mau huaʻa o ka ʻāpana ʻulaʻi e hānau ʻia (ma nā wahi mahana ke kolu o ka ulu ʻana.
He hoihoi! ʻO ka lua o ka uʻi ʻōpala o ka pōpoki ʻōlima e hōʻike i ka pōʻino nui loa i nā ʻāina kūwaho a me nā mahiʻai kūʻokoʻa ʻO ke kumu ke hana mua nā pākeke mua i ka nui o nā mea kanu no ka masonry.
ʻAʻole lawa ka māla o ka māla i kēlā manawa e hānai e ʻai ai i nā hua puaʻa maikaʻi. Akā ua hoʻolele ka brood kauwela i kāna hua e noho hou ma luna o nā kāpeti ikaika a me nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia o ka ʻohana kanu.
ʻO ka wehewehe Botanical a me keʻano o nā ʻēheu
ʻO ka pōpō cat kekahi mea i kūleʻa o kēlā me kēia ʻohana o nā puaʻa. ʻO ka ʻēheu mua ka lōʻihi o 25 a 33 mm mm. Kūpono - mai 4.9 a 6.2 cm i nā kāne, ʻo nā wahine - a hiki i ka 6,3 cm.
ʻO ke kala o nā ʻēheu o ka ʻalupepa-paʻōnika he melemele-keʻokeʻo, me kahi kīhā liʻiliʻi o nā ʻeleʻele; nā hiʻohiʻona ma nā ʻaoʻao o luna a ma waenakonu e kau ana ma nā ʻēheu mua. I nā ʻēheu ʻolua mau pōkole i ke waena, ʻeleʻele ma lalo.
Ke hoʻopā ʻia nei i nā ʻēheu, palupalu nā polu mai o lākou aku, a pau ke aniani. ʻO ka poli o nā ʻēheu ponoʻī ʻia e nā unahi liʻiliʻi i pili paʻa i ka ʻēheu a uhi ʻia kekahi i kekahi, e like me ka waiho ʻana o nā ʻila. No kēia kumu, hāʻawi ʻia nā lemi i nā ʻano lepidopteran.
Ua hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻia ka iniseti i ka ʻike a me ka ʻono, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoholo pololei i ka lāʻau ʻai. Ma ke poʻo, aneane hoʻopili ʻia e nā maka a pau. ʻO ka lōʻihi kahi nūpepa o ka pūʻai a loaʻa i ka mānoanoa o nā ʻāpana, nā mea i komo i ka hana o ka ʻike o nā mea ʻai maikaʻi.
Hoʻōla ka ʻalā i kona pollen ma luna o kona mau ʻēheu, poll poll plant. No laila, ʻaʻole ka meaʻino wale nō ka maʻi ʻona, akā e pōmaikaʻi nō hoʻi.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. I ka wahine, ʻoi aku ka melemele o ka ʻēheu i lalo, i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka lua o ka hanauna.
Hoʻolālā
ʻOi ka pipi kīwī he koko liʻiliʻi ia, like ʻole me ka popo Mei. Nā kūmole o nā keʻena ʻekolu.
- ʻōpū, ʻōpū
- poʻo,
- nā umauma me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.
He ʻekolu wāwae a ka ʻalū, ma ka hope o kēlā me kēia kīkaha loa e ʻae iā lākou e noho i nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu.
E like me ke koena o ka palaʻai, ʻo ka kāpana he ʻelua wale nō o nā kaila haʻalulu chitinous i lalo, i hiki ke hōʻoki ʻia i ka lau kāpeti.
Hoʻaiho
Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ʻo Belyanka ma ʻEulopa Hikina a me ʻApelika ʻAmelika. Hōʻike ʻia i Asia a me Iapana hikina, kahi e kūleʻa ai ke ea. I nā makahiki 90 o ke kenekulia hope ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma Southern Primorye. Loaʻa iā ia ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka Paona Arctic. Ua maopopo loa aia kēia mau kānaka migratory.
Ma Kile, ʻAmelika Hema a me Panamoku, hōʻike ʻia wale nō ia no ka hoʻoweliweli honua, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻokomo ʻia. Akā ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka lolo i ka ʻākau, kahi ʻaʻole wela loa.
Lūlī ka ʻūpī palu i nā meʻa a me nā kihi o ke kumu lāʻau, nā wahi māla a me nā māla. Lawe maikaʻi ia i nā kumu lāʻau ma nā wahi a kahi e noho ai ka poʻe, akā, e pili ana i ka hele ʻana o ke kea.
Kāleʻa i ka Kāpō
ʻAʻole maopopo ka poʻe He aha nā mea a ke kulu ʻōpala ʻai, ka manaʻoʻiʻo ke hana nui nei i nā lau kāpeti. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pili iki ka pōpō i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā poʻo paʻa, no ka mea, ʻo kā kāna meaʻai e pili ana i hoʻokahi haneli mau mea kanu a me ka pua e ʻai ai ka kāpeti.
Kukulu Pehu, kiʻi ka mea e ʻike pinepine ʻia ai i ka kāpeti, leʻaleʻa i ka ʻai rutabaga, horseradish, turnip, rape, radish a me ka ʻihi. ʻAʻole hōʻole ka hau i nā pale, nasturtium, mustard a me ke kāleka.
Kakau kāne male male
Inā pipi ʻōpala, papa pephiu, pio ma ke poʻo o ka kāpeti, a laila hoʻomaka ia e ʻai i nā lau i ka hoʻomau, e hōʻeha ana i nā poʻo kāpeti. Hoʻopili ʻia ka aniani o ka ʻōpala - i loko o kekahi mau māla, i ke komo ʻana i nā ʻili, ua nalo aku ka huaʻai āpau.
Inā nui nā anuʻu, hiki iā lākou ke kāpae i kekahi mau nona nā kāleka hoʻoilo. Hana maikaʻi nā maka a me nā ʻōpio olfactory i ke kōkua i ka manawa kūpono o ka pōpō manu. Me kā lākou kōkua me ka maopopo ʻole o ka palupulu ma waena o nā mea kanu ʻai a me ka mea ʻole huaʻai ʻole.
Noho ka maka ona i kahi ʻāpana nui o kona poʻo a loaʻa iā ia kahi māka maikaʻi, a me ka makika lōʻihi me nā puʻupuʻu ikaika e ʻike i kahi mea kanu. He kūpono kēia e mālama pono ai i ka hāmeʻa waha waha o nā ʻili lau a me nā lolo. He ikaika loa nā kūpeʻe chitinous lākou e ʻae iā lākou e huki ai a ʻamuʻawa i nā meaʻai paʻa, e like me nā lau kāpeti.
Ma koʻu kino Pōʻai kāpī lolo Hiki i ka Lepidoptera ke lawe i ka hae o nā mea kanu, no laila e hoʻohoka ai iā lākou. No laila, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole nā mea pōpoki pākino i mea hōʻino wale ʻia i kahi kanaka, akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū kekahi ʻia no ka poll poll o nā mea kanu. Lawe ʻia nā kōmala i ka mea kanu kanaka i nā pōʻino.
Kāhu kolamu
He pepeke ikaika ʻo Belyanka, hele i kahi nui. ʻO ka kāpeti nui loa mai ʻApelila a waena oʻOkakopa. Inā mahana ka wahi o ka ʻuʻina, kahi e ulu ai a hiki i ʻekolu mau hua pākahi.
I ka pō, ʻaʻole lele ka lolo, he lā piha ia. Loaʻa ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ma nā lā mahana inā ʻaʻohe ua. ʻAʻole makemake ka mea ʻona i ka lā ʻino.
Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nei e hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ana ka papa lāʻau. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pākeke ma mua o ka hōʻino ʻia e ka poll poll o nā mea kanu.
Nā papa hana o ka hoʻolālā: wehewehe
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pipi pōpulu me nā hua like ʻole a pau o nā pepeke me kahi pōkole loli, kahi i hana ʻia ma 4 mau manawa:
- hua manu
- palua a ʻōmai paha,
- kino ?? p
- makua a makua paha.
ʻIke pono nā ʻepekema i ke kenekulia hope i hoʻokahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o nā pepeke - ʻo ka pipi ka mea mālama nui loa i kāna hua. ʻAʻole waiho ka wahine i nā lau ma kahi i waiho ʻia ai nā hua manu o kahi kanaka ʻē aʻe. Ua manaʻo ʻia e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka ʻōpala ma o ka honi mea ua noho mua ka lau.
Nā ʻōpala hua hua
ʻO ke alapine o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka pōpō pākuʻi i luna i nā kūlana wela. ʻO ka mea mahana, ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ka hoʻohālikelike, ma ka laulā, mai ʻelua a ʻekolu mau manawa.I ka hoʻomakaʻana o kēia, hiki i ka oviposition mai ʻApelila a Kepakemapa hoʻi.
Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, e helu ana ka wahine ma kahi o 200 a keu paha nā hua. Hana ʻia ka pipi mua ma luna o nā mea kanu holoholona. Akā hiki i nā 2 a me 3 masonry hiki ke hana i nā mea kanu i loko o nā māla o nā poʻe noho kauwela.
Kukulu
ʻIke ʻia ka uka o ka pōpō kolika a i ka hopena o ka pule mua a i ʻelua paha, kau ʻia ka manawa i ka mahana o ka ea.
Hoʻomaka ka waiho ʻana o ka hua manu i ka lā i ka lā 5-7th mai ka lā mua o ke kauwela. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā hua melemele i nā hui nui. A i ʻole lākou e hoʻomanawanui, e kau ka ʻōpala iā lākou ma lalo o ka palia. Ma kahi kiko hoʻokahi a hiki i 300 mau huaʻai.
Kūpono koke ʻia nā ʻōkuhi o nā hua ma mua o ka 16 mau lā. ʻIke nui nā keiki i nā ʻōpala.
ʻO ka kaheka kahi ʻōniʻoniʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻeleʻele. ʻEkolu mau puaʻa ʻekolu: ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele. Wahi a ka mea e noho ai ia, ʻokoʻa iki ke kala. ʻO ka laʻana, inā e noho ana i nā lau māmā, a laila e ʻoluʻolu ka puaʻa, e hoʻomālamalama i ka pōʻeleʻele. Loaʻa ka poʻe nui loa i ka 3.5 kenimita.
I ka wā mua, i ka wā i loaʻa ai nā pulupulu liʻiliʻi, ua mālama ʻia lākou i loko o kahi puʻu e like me ia i ka wā hana, a hiki i ka wa i ikaika ai lākou, a ʻoi wale nō lākou. ʻO ka pinepine, noho lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o nā lau a keʻai mau nei iā lākou.
Pākuʻi ka mea e luhiluli, noho ma luna o ka lau a hiki ke piʻi i loko o kahi poʻo o ka ʻōpala a i ʻole ka lāʻau.
Aia ka pipi i ka papa haumana mai 14 a 40 mau lā.
No ka ulu maʻamau a me ka hoʻomohala i ka hua lāʻau koi i kahi mahana o +20 a +25 tikelī. Inā he wela nui, a he nui ka ua, a laila make ka make pala i nā nui.
Kaumaka
He aha ke ʻano o ka pōpō kāpeti i kahi ʻano haumana? Hoʻohālike like ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kala - he melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.
Ma ka hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka haumana, ua kāʻei ʻia ka larva me nā kaula i manaʻo ʻia i nā siliki, a ke pili pū nei lākou i nā mea kanu.
Inā hoʻopili kekahi i kahi chrysalis, ʻaʻole pili koke i ka pōpō. Inā ʻaʻole e hāʻawi ka mahana i ka ea i ka loli, a laila hele ka ineke i loko o ka papa diapause a no ka hoʻoilo. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, hoʻomaka nā mea hihiu mau makahiki mai ka hanauna mua.
No ka ʻike, ʻo ka diapause kahi hana o ka pale ʻana o nā kaʻina hana i loko o kahi pepeke me kahi ka neʻe ʻana i ka hana o ka hana pona.
Ma kēia ʻina, he mau hebedoma. I loko o kēia manawa, ka pupa molts i mau manawa, a ua kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he hoʻololi nui.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
I ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā kānaka, he ʻenehana kūlohelohe ka pōpō kolepa ma waena o nā pepeke - ʻo ka pīpī kaiakaʻi. Hana maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka pīpī. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i kāna hua moʻokāki i ka pupu ʻoi pōpoki. ʻO ka hopena, ua ʻai ʻia ka palu e nā palua i nā pipi. I kekahi mau makahiki, ua ʻike ʻia ka make nui o nā pōpoki ma muli o ka pīpī. Hoʻonui hou ka poʻe i kēlā mau hihia ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o nā pepeke mai nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
Aneane ʻaneʻane nā manu a pau e ʻai ana i ka ʻalā.
He aha kā ka ʻōpio?
ʻAiola nā pōloli puaʻa i nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana crossiferous: kāpeti, ʻōpala, rutabaga, rapeseed, radish, mustard, turnip, me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā mea kanu a me nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, Reseda, capers, nasturtium, etc.
ʻAi ka imago i nā pua o ke alfalfa, dandelion, bipi, etc.
Kāleka kolamu
Ke kolu ʻo ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, ʻApelika ʻĀpika, hikina o Iapana a me ka ʻōpū o ka maʻi Asia. Ua lawe ʻia ʻia ʻo ia i Panama a me Chile.
Loaʻa ka ʻaka pōpoki kokoke i puni a puni Rūsia, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka Far North.
Loaʻa ka iniseti i nā pala, nā nahele, nā māla, nā māla, a me nā wahi e noho ai nā wahi māla.
Pehea e wehe ai i ka kāpeti?
ʻAʻohe ʻano ala ʻē aʻe e hakakā i ka lauwila kāpili: hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā mākau kūikawā, hana i nā ʻōpala, mālama i nā kinipōpala pāpaʻa ʻia a kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ʻala ʻē aʻe i kahi kokoke. ʻO kēlā me kēia paila ka pono āpau a me nā hemahema.
Inā ʻaʻohe nui o nā mea kanu kolala ma ka māla, a laila lawa ka palena iā mākou iho i nā hana pilikino no ka hakakā ʻana a i ʻole nā huahana olakino, akā inā i hoʻopuʻi ka pōleʻa i ka māla āpau, a laila, ʻaʻole hiki i nā lāʻau pesticides ke hana hou.
Inā hele ʻoe e hoʻohana kūʻokoʻa i nā decoction kūʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā pono i hoʻoulu ʻia me nā mea kanu, ua kūpono ʻia e hoʻokō i kēia kaʻina i ke kakahiaka, i ka wā ʻaʻohe makani a me ka ua.
He mea nui e hoʻomoʻa pono i nā lau ma ka ʻaoʻao ma lalo, no ka mea aia ma kahi o nā ovipositions a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā Pōʻalima
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, he pōʻino nā mākau no ka poʻe kānaka, no laila, pono lākou e hoʻohana pololei e like me nā ʻōkuhi, a mai poina hoʻi e hoʻohana i nā mea pale pilikino (pale lima, pale maka).
Eia ka hana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā lau, no ka mea, ʻo ke hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea waiwai i loko o kekahi wā ma hope e mau pono i ka mea e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā mea kanu lāʻau.
ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau kaulana e kūʻē ai i ka kāpeti ʻo Kinmix, Iskra, Borey, Fufanon a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Nā huahana biological
ʻOi aku ka palekana o nā huahana biological. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana ma ka wā e ulu ana, pono e hoʻokuʻu koke i ka hoʻohana ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
ʻO nā mea biologics nā mea i loaʻa nui loa: Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin, Baksin, Lepidocide, Actellik, etc.
ʻO nā ala o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka kāpeti
ʻO nā pono o nā hana kaulana e mālama ai i ka palekana a me ka loaʻaʻole, no laila he nui nā poʻe e makemake e hana i nā pōpoki ma kēia ala.
ʻO kahi ala maʻalahi a wikiwiki hoʻi e hōʻalo ai i ka kāpeti, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lepo lepo tabo. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia i nā lau o nā mea kanu cruciferous.
Nā mākeke
ʻO kahi ala e hōʻemi ai i ka lehulehu nā ʻōlelo kīʻaha, ʻo ia nā hana i nā mauhelehele momona. No ka hana i kēia, pono ʻoe e lawe i kahi kaila maʻamau, kahi kīʻaha wai ʻole a ʻokiʻoki i kahi ʻāpana pepa a waiho i ka pain. ʻO kekahi mea momona, e like me ka jam a i ʻole kaomi paha, kūpono e like me ka maunu. I ka wā ma mua, pono e hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi mau papa o ka hū ʻāwili.
Pono ke kau ʻia o ka pahele ma ka moena a i ʻole ma ke alahaka. ʻO ka wā maʻamau, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka pahele, no ka mea, e hōʻiliʻili nā mea kanu i loko.
ʻO ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana o nā pahele, ʻaʻole wale ka lele lapuwale e hāʻule i loko o lākou, akā, nā mea ʻē aʻe, e komo pū ai i nā mea hihiu.
Nā kiʻi kanu no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu
ʻO kahi ala e hānai ai i ka kāpeti, ʻo ka pīpī ʻana i nā mea kanu me ka infusion ua hoʻomākaukau pono ʻia.
Aia ma lalo aʻe kekahi mauʻaina no ka mauʻu e kūʻē i ka ʻōpala īnihi:
- 200 g o nā paina a peʻa paha i nā lālā, cones, pono e ninini i ka 2 lita o ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ana. E kuke nei i kahi pule. Kūʻai, hoʻoheheʻe i 10 lita o ka wai.
- Ma 10 l ka wai wela e hoʻohui i ka 100 g mustard pauka, waiho no nā lā he nui. E hoʻohui i ka hoʻopihapiha i ka wai ma kahi māhele o 1: 1.
- E hoʻokomo i 800 g o nā kaihi ʻoki i loko o kahi pā i kahi pānaʻi, hoʻohui i ka 10 l o ka wai. Waiho e hoʻoluhi i 3-4 mau hola. Hoʻopili, hoʻohui i 50 g o kaʻauʻau.
- E hoʻohui i 2 mau paʻakai paʻakai i kahi pā o ka wai. E hoʻopau piha i ka paʻakai.
- E wehe i kahi hue wai o nā hua lāʻau lapaʻau ma 3 lita o ka wai. E hoʻohana koke ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau.
- Hoʻopiha i nā pahu wai 1/3 me nā lau fatock ʻokiʻoki, hoʻohui i ka wai. Haʻalele i ke infuse no nā lā 3-4.
- 1 kg o wormwood maloʻo, copaa a hoʻolapalapa no 15 mau minuke i kahi wai liʻiliʻi. ʻAe i ka waihue. E ninini iā ia me ka 10 l o ka wai.
- E hoʻohemo i ka 50 ml o ka ammonia i 10 l o ka wai. E hoʻohana koke ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau.
- No 10 mau wai o ka wai, e lawe i ka 1 kg o ka chamomile maloʻo. E hoʻomoʻa i nā hola 12, kānana, hoʻohui i 20 lita o ka wai a me 100 g ka kāwili.
Pehea e pale ai i ka māla mai ka kāpeti?
Kāpī keʻokeʻo (kāpeti). Kiʻi
Ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela o nā pōpoki ma ka pae, pono e hoʻoneʻe i nā mea kanu manu ʻole o ka ʻohana cruciferous. ʻAʻole e hiki i nā uʻi mua nā hua ʻōpala i nā pōʻino i nā mea kanu, akā ʻo ia nō ka mea hou aku i ka lua o ka huaʻōlelo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi aʻe.
I mea e pale ai i ka māla mai ka kāpeti, paipai ʻia e hoʻomoʻi pinepine i nā moena me ka mauʻu ʻala me kahi ʻano poni.
ʻAʻole ʻae i ka Cibe i ka ʻono o nā lau kamato, no laila inā makemake ʻoe e pale i ka kāpena mai kahi pōpū, a laila kanu ʻia ma hope o nā tōmato.
Mai poina e ʻeli i kahi papa no ka hoʻoilo i mea e haʻalele ai i ka pōpō a me nā pōkole o ka manawa kūpono i ka hoʻoilo ma ka ʻāina.
Hōʻike ʻia e hoʻololi i kahi o ka kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu i kēlā me kēia kauwela kauwela.
He ʻenemi kūlohelohe kona ʻōpala:
- ʻAla pāpili. No ka lawaiʻa ʻia, pono ke kanu ʻia nā mea kanu meli, a hōʻike ʻia hoʻi e pale i nā mea kanu me kahi ʻano pungent: wormwood, tansy,
- wasp. E kiʻi iā ia, e hoʻokaʻawale wale i nā mea kanu me ka wai momona.
ʻO ka Kāpiko he pōpilikia hiki ke hōʻeha i ka meaʻino i ka hua. I ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka pūpū, pono koke ʻoe e hakakā ʻana.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Kuhi: Kukupu Kukulu
Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka inoa, ʻelua a Lūkia hoʻi, ʻo ka mea ʻai nui o ka ʻōpū me ka ʻōpala. He keʻokeʻo nā ʻēheu o kēia Lepidoptera, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi i ka inoa. ʻElua mau ʻohana pili ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōpala - ʻo ka repensa a me nā periwinkle, like like lāua i ke ʻano, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lāpala. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i kona nui me kahi keʻokeʻo ʻē aʻe, nā pua kekahi i pili pū kekahi, he hawthorn, akā ʻaʻohe hōʻailona ʻeleʻele ma luna.
Hui kokoke i loko o Eurasia, ma kekahi mau wahi e neʻe ai lākou. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, lilo lākou i mea nui loa i ka waenakonu o ke kauwela ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana mai nā wahi hema. ʻO nā lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lele a me ka lele no kēia mau ʻōuli e hele nei me ke kuapo ʻana o kēia ʻano, akā hiki ke huakaʻi a hiki i 800 km.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: I ʻAukake 1911, ua kipa aku ʻo Polofesa Oliver i kahi mokupuni liʻiliʻi e pili ana i 2 eka ma Norfolk. Ua uhi ʻia ka puni puni honua me ka kāpeti. Na lākou i hopu ʻia i nā lau ʻokaina o ka mea kanu lā pepeke insectivorous. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea kanu liʻiliʻi i lawe ʻia mai ka 4 a hiki i nā 7 pōkā. I ka ʻike ʻana o ko lākou mea aʻo, ua aneane ola lākou a pau. Kuhi ʻo ia e pili ana i 6 miliona mau kānaka.
Inā hoʻomaka ke kāne male i ka wahine no ka wahine i ʻohi ʻia, a laila hoʻomaka koke ʻo ia i ka nahele e hūnā mai kahi mea huna. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i kona mau ʻēheu a hoʻomau neʻe ʻole me ka neʻe ʻole, ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā camouflage ma ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka maʻamau ke loaʻa i ke kāne kāne iā ia, no ka mea, ʻo nā pheromones i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ke hoʻohālikelike nei i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā ia iho.
I ka manawa pane, pane akula ʻo ia a lūlū mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i kēia ʻaoʻao. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia me ka wehe ʻāpana ʻana i nā ʻēheu i pale aku ai i ka hoʻopili. Wehe ʻo ia i kāna ʻōpū ma ke kihi kikoʻī (ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokau ana i kahi lāʻau ahulau) e hōʻailona i kona hōʻole ʻana mai kāna hoa kāne, a lele ke kāne.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: Hoʻopau nā kāne i kahi ʻeke ala e like me ka momona o ka pelargonium.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kuhi: Inect Butterfly Cibe
Aia nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula me nā kihi ʻeleʻele ma ka mua. ʻO nā wahine ma ka ʻēheu mua he mau ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, he alohilohi, a he puka pōkole ʻeleʻele hoʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā ʻēheu mua. Ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka ʻēheu mua, he ʻeleʻele kekahi mau unahi, e like me kahi alaula mau smoky. No laila nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻeleʻele, kokoke i ke kihi o ka ʻēheu, e ʻoi aku ka māmā. Ma ka waenakonu o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka ʻaoʻao o ka lalo, aia kahi māliʻula, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i ka wā e noho ana ka inika, e like me ka uhi ʻia e nā ʻaoʻao o ka mua.
ʻO ka haʻalulu o nā ʻēheu o nā wahine kahi ʻalani pihi pale pale a me ka polū pōuliuli a aia kekahi mau maka i mua. I nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka momona. I ka wā e pilu ai nā ʻēheu, lawelawe ia me he camouflage maikaʻi. I kēia kūlana, kokoke kokoke i nā ʻēheu hope i ke alo. ʻO kā lākou kaopalopili he 5,5 cm.ʻO ka antennae e ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo ma luna. He ʻeleʻele ke poʻo, ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū, me nā lauoho keʻokeʻo, a me ka keʻokeʻo ma lalo.
Vitio: Kukulu Kukulu
ʻO nā kalaka he uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻāpana ʻekolu o ka melemele ma ke kino a me nā ʻeleʻele. Pupa (2.5 cm) melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke kala me nā kala ʻulaʻula. Ua kāʻei ʻia ʻo ia me kahi kaula siliki, i pili ʻia ma ka lau.
He ʻano aposematic nā mea kīnā, ʻo ia ka mea he lapalapa ʻōpiopio e hōʻahele ʻia ana i nā mea hoʻolele. ʻO ka kala aposematic i kēia manawa i nā pae o larva, pupa a me nā imago. Loaʻa iā lākou nā glycosides aila ʻona puaʻa mai nā mea kanu meaʻai. ʻO nā pakanā Mustard he mau pūpū palu e hāʻawi ana i kahi huaʻala pungent i ka larvae a me ka litter. Hoʻoweliweli ka mea ʻala maikaʻi ʻole i nā manu nui a me nā mea inikini hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi.
Ua hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻia ka mea ʻawa i nā pūnohu o ka ʻike a me ke ʻano ʻoi o ka ʻohu. ʻO nā māla e like me nā mānoanoa ma ka antennae a me ka lei kīʻaha e lawelawe ma ke ʻano o nā paʻi paʻi. ʻO ka wahine, ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i ka hua, e noho ana ma luna o kahi lau o kahi mea kanu, e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia, e hoʻāʻo ana no ka kūpono, a ma hope wale nō o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka waiho ʻana.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka pōpō huaʻai?
Kuhi: Kukulu ʻoʻa Butterfly
ʻO kēia ʻano ka Lepidoptera i waena o ʻEulopa, a me nā mokupuni ʻo ʻAwelika Hikina a me nā ʻāpana ʻāina o Scandinavia. Loaʻa hoʻi ʻo Cibe ma Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya a ma Asia a me ke ʻano huhū i nā mauna Himalayan. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ma ka helehelena ma waho o kēia mau ʻāina, akā ua ʻike ʻia ʻole ʻia me Chile.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke ʻano o ke kāpeti ma kekahi mau wahi o ke Komohana Hema. Nui ka manaʻo nui i hana ʻia e kēia mau arthropod i ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1995 ma Australia, a ma 2010 ma New Zealand. Loaʻa i kekahi mau manawa i loaʻa i kēia ululāʻau mea kanu i ka ʻūlani Hema. ʻAʻole maopopo ka pehea i hiki ai i ka pōpepa ma laila, ua hiki ʻole ke hōʻea ma kahi ukana.
Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻuʻulu i nā neʻe; ʻaʻole paʻakikī iā ia ke hoʻohui hou i ka poʻe ma nā mokupuni, e like hoʻi me ʻEnelani, kahi e lele ai ka pōpuka mai ka ʻāina nui. ʻIke pinepine lākou ma nā ʻāina mahiai, ma nā wahi i ke kīhāpai, i nā kīhāpai a me nā māla, e like me nā wahi ākea. Hiki iā lākou ke noho ma nā pā, nā kumu lāʻau, akā mau ka manawa kahi e loaʻa ai nā mana kūpono no ka hanauna hou. Ke piʻi nei nā mauna i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2 mano m.
I ka lā ikaika, lele ka pākeke mai ka pua i ka pua, ʻai nectar, a i ke ao anuanu lākou e noho ai i nā lau nahele a i ʻole nā ʻūhā haʻahaʻa. No laila lākou ke hoʻomehana ʻia, kahi ʻāpana o nā hihi o ke lā, e hōʻike ana mai nā eheu, e hāʻule ma luna o ke kino.
He aha nā mea pīpī pia?
Kuhi: Kukupu Kukulu
Mālama nā manu ʻōiwi i nā nectar o nā pua. No ka hana i kēia, loaʻa lākou kahi proboscis coiled. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia iā lākou: dandelion, bipi meadow, alfalfa a me nā pua ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai o ka puna nectar he tenacity a me ka euphorbia, aʻo nā mea makemake i ke kauwela:
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua manu i ko lākou hua ma ke kea, ua makemake nui ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka kāpeti. No nā mea kanu, he mea nui nā mea kanu me nā ʻaila hinu mustard. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea i ka ʻōpala i ka ʻōpala kikoʻī e hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻenemi.
ʻOiai ʻo nā mea hoihoi: Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi e like me ke ʻano o ka mea kanu i hoʻohā ʻia ai nā mea kanu manu. Ke koho, ke nānā nei lākou i nā aniani o ke kālani.
Mālama pū ʻia nā ʻili lāʻau, me ka hoʻopili koke i nā lau, waiho wale i nā ʻōpū, a laila e neʻe i ka mea kanu lāʻau. ʻO lākou kekahi o nā pōpoki nui a waiho i ka pōʻino nui i ka ʻohana kāpiki i ulu i nā kī a me nā kīhāpai pilikino.
ʻO kēia mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole a me nā hānō o ka kāpeti, ʻoi aku hoʻi ke kolamu Brussels, cauliflower, kohlrabi, me ka pua nani, kahi rapeseed, he nui o 79 mau ʻano o ke kea, ma waena o lākou e klopovnik, ʻōpala, ʻōpala. Nui loa nā keiki pua i nā lau palupalu o ka nasturtium a me ka reseda.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi: Iniseti Kāpili
Kuhi pono ʻia nā ʻula kolani ma waena o ka mea i ke aloha nui ʻana. ʻOiai i nā lā ʻenua, i ka wā he nui wale nō nā mea inikini, ʻike ʻia ka lele ma luna o nā lauala.He kupapaʻi ko lākou, he lula loa, a ma luna o kēlā me kēia ʻano pale e like me ka lāʻau, nā lāʻau, nā hale maʻalahi, e lele koke mai luna mai a i ʻole manu.
I ka hiki ʻana o ka pua ʻaila i kahi o nā pua, e noho mau ma laila i kekahi mau lā. I ka lā pōkole, e hana lākou i ka pōkole, akā mau kaʻa maʻamau, ke kū pōkole i kēlā me kēia sekona e inu i ka nectar i nā pua i hala.
ʻElua mau hanauna o nā palupulu i ulu a hiki i kēia manawa. Ma nā ʻāina hema, ʻo ka hanauna mua i ʻApelila-Mei, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau - i hoʻokahi mahina ma hope. I ka lua o ka manawa, ʻike hou ʻia kekahi mau kānaka, e hāʻule i ka hapalua o ke kauwela. I ke hema, hiki i ka hoʻolālāʻana o kekahi hanauna hou.
ʻOiai ke noho nei o ka pala o ka uka ma luna o ka mea kanu a lākou e hānai nei, hiki ke loaʻa i ka pupae o kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi ma ke ake lāʻau, nā pā, nā paia, ma kahi mamao mai ka lāʻau hānai. I kekahi manawa hele ka pupule ma luna o ka ʻoki a i ʻole ka lau o kahi mea kanu. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo ka moʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka kaula ma kahi kū pololei.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻO kēlā mau puke ka i kau ʻia ma ka ʻōpala a i ʻole lau o kahi mea kanu hānai maloʻo i kahi waihoʻoluʻu i ka waihoʻoluʻu, aʻo nā mea i kuhi ʻia he ʻano ʻulaʻula pua, i uhi ʻia me nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kuhi: Kāpī Keokeo
He polygamous ka nui o ka wahine, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā wahine hoʻokahi. ʻO 2-3 mau lā ma hope o ke kope ʻana, e kau nui ana nā pōpoki me nā ʻōpū, nā ʻōpū poʻi i nā ʻāpana ʻōniʻoniʻo (e pili ana i 100 pcs.). I ka lā mua ua lilo lākou i ʻulaʻula a me nā mākaʻikaʻi loa i ke kūleʻa o kahi lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo. He ʻumi lā ma mua o ka puka ʻana mai o nā palu mai o lākou, e hoʻomoʻloʻo ia nā hua a pui ʻia ka ʻili.
Mea ʻoi aku: Inā ʻike nā hua o ka ʻōpala i nā wāhine ʻē aʻe i kau i ka hua ma ka mea kanu, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e waiho i kā lākou hua.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hana ʻia ka masonry ma hope o ka pale, no laila he mea ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe wānana, ʻaʻole i pili ʻia i ka insulence a me ka ua paha.
I ka wā hoʻomohala ʻana, hele nā ʻelima i nā makahiki ʻelima i ʻehā mau makahiki o ka molting.
- Hōʻike ʻia ka mea mua me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e puka mai ana ka palaki mai kahi hua melemele kukui me ke kino ʻalumā, shaggy a me kahi poʻo uliuli.
- I ka lua o ka makahiki, ʻike ʻia nā pākīkī e ulu nei ka lauoho ma ke kino.
- I ke kolu o ka makahiki, lilo lākou i mea ikaika loa, ka melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke kala me nā ʻeleʻele a ua hoʻomaka i nā pōʻino nui.
- ʻO ka hā ʻehā he like ia me ke kolu, akā ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpala, ikaika, ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka pehu o ke kino.
- I ka makahiki ʻelima, lilo lākou i nui (40-50 mm), me kahi kino elongated, ʻulaʻula. He mea nui loa ka waihona mea ʻai i kēia manawa.
Inā ʻaʻole e loaʻa ka paukū i ka meaʻai maikaʻi loa i ka nui, a laila hiki iā lākou ke make ma mua o ka lilo ʻana i nā pipi. I ka papa pupal, ʻaʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kauwela, a ma hope o nā hebedoma 2-3 i hānau ʻia ai kahi kuhi manu he keokeo hou. Inā hele ka pōpilikia i ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ka wā lohi paha, a laila hoʻoilo lākou a hiki i ka puna.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine kāpena wahine i mea hānai i nā thistle a me ka buddele nectar. Inā nui ka legume nectar i kā lākou papaʻai, a laila ʻaʻole ola ka huaʻō o nā pua, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe mau mea i ʻike i nā mea kanu i hāʻawi i ko lākou hoʻomohala ʻana.
Ka pae o nā kānaka a me nā kūlana
Kuhi: Kukupu Kukulu
He wahi hoʻolaha nui kēia mau lepidopterans a ua nui loa ka maʻi o nā pōpoki pipi. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe kaua iā lākou, a laila hiki i ka kāpeti ke alakaʻi i kahi 100% o ka nalowale o nā hua o nā kolaka like ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā kāhi, nā ʻakaʻaka, ke kuahiʻu, ka lawenaʻa. ʻO ka manaʻo o nā pākeke e hele a hele a hoʻoweliweli i kēlā mau wahi i kahi o lākou i liʻiliʻi a ʻike ʻole ʻia ma mua.
Hiki ke hōʻeha i ka pōʻino i ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i nā kumukūʻai huaʻai. ʻO waho, e nānā ka nani o nā poʻo o ka ʻōpio, akā i loko o nā mea maʻamau i wāwahi ʻia lākou e nā ʻōpio. Hūnā pinepine nā Caterpillars i loko o ka cauliflower, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i kona waiwai. Ke alakaʻi nei ka kiʻekiʻe nui o ka palaʻala i ka mea e ʻai kekahi i ka mea kanu i ka ʻōpū, a hele i kekahi.
Kuhi ʻia kēia pūpū me nā ala kemu o ka luku. Ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi o nā kukuna a me nā hua manu, e ʻohi mau ʻia nā pepeke. ʻOiai ke kiaʻi mau ʻia nei ka poʻe a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻia e nā kānaka, ua manaʻo ʻia ua pōʻino nei ʻo ia he pōpilikia ma nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa, ma Kina, Turkey, India, Nepal a me Rūsia, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka pio ʻana o ka makahiki ma nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole.
I ka makahiki 2010, ua ʻike mua ʻia kekahi pōpoki ma Aotearoa. I nā makahiki ʻekolu, ua hoʻomāhuahua a hoʻomaka ʻia ka loiloi ʻana i kahi maʻi hōʻeuʻeu koʻikoʻi nui.
Mea Pono Hoʻoikaika: Ke paipai nei i nā keiki e komo pū i ka hana hoʻopau kāpiki, ua hāʻawi ʻia ke Keʻena ʻo New Zealand Nature Protection i nā haumāna i $ 10 New Zealand no kēlā me kēia palu i hopu ai i ko lākou wā hoʻomaha. I nā pule ʻelua, 134 i lawe ʻia. Loaʻa nā limahana o kēia keʻena i nā pākeke he 3,000, nā haumana, nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpala o huaʻai.
Hoʻopili ia i nā mea kemik a me nā hana mekanika, ua hoʻohana pū ʻia nā biomethod e pale i ka kāpena kāpala. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā māla i nā wasps predatory kūikawā. Ua hoʻokō maikaʻi loa kēia ʻoihana polokalamu ʻōlohelohe. ʻO kēia kūleʻa no ka mea i hoʻōla ʻia koke ka hoʻāla ʻana a ua lawe ʻia nā hana e pale ai i ka kāpeti i nā wā mua. Akā ma Ausetalia a meʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e hoʻomau kēia mau lepidopterans e pua a noho.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: pale ʻo Belyanki i ka waiho ʻana i nā hua e ʻike ai lākou i nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. E hoʻopunipuni iā lākou, ma waena o nā kūakaʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke kau ma luna o nā mākaʻi a i ʻole ʻāʻī mau "hae" keʻokeʻo o ka lole kukui e hoʻohālike i nā poʻe hoʻokūkū o ka maʻi.
Kukupa kolu hiki koke ke hoʻopiha i kāu pūnaewele. I mea e pale ai i ka hana hou o ka kāpeti, pono ʻoe e hana i nā lau cruciferous, i ka hāʻule ʻana a me ka pūnāwai, ʻoki a ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻōpala a ke keʻokeʻo, nā pā e hoʻoneʻe i ka pupae. I ka wā holo, pono e nānā pono i nā mea kanu a hōʻiliʻili i nā anuʻu, oviposition. He mea pono ʻole ia e hoʻohana i nā ʻoihana pale lāʻau e hiki ai ke hoʻopau i nā pepeke maikaʻi maikaʻi. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau: nā infusion o ka ʻala, nānaka, chamomile, etc.
Hoʻopilikia i ka hua a me nā kāohi
Ma ka hapa nui o nā puke pili e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, ka wehewehe a me ke kiʻi o nā pōpō-ʻōpala ʻoi i loaʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao palapala wehewehe pōpoki. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kekahi mau hihia, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana i nā mea e kūʻē ai i ka iniseti, hiki loa iā ʻoe ke nalowale i ka hua. ʻAʻole hoʻi ka pōpō wale.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka palupalu i ka lae. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻai i nā kaupae, a laila hiki iā ia ke ʻai i ka nui o nā hua. I nā hihia a ʻike ʻole ʻia nā hua lāʻau, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻānō i ka maʻi ma ka māla ma ke ala e nānā ai nā lau. ʻO nā koena wale nō ka i koe.
Hiki i ka ʻōpio ke lilo i mea hoʻonāukiuki i nā maʻi o nā mea kanu, nā kāpena like ʻole, ka ʻōpala a me ka puaa. Hiki i kekahi mea kanu kanu ke hōʻino i ka pōpō. Hōʻike ka maʻi i ka ʻōlelo o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma waena o nā lau o nā mea kanu i loaʻa nā huaʻala o ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka mea i hōʻeha ai ka maʻi.
Inā loaʻa nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi i ka māla, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hōʻiliʻili maoli iā lākou. He mea maʻalahi kekahi e ʻike i nā hua ʻōlohelohe ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā lau, hiki ke ʻili ʻia e ka lima.
ʻO kahi ala kūpono e wehe ai i ka kāpeti i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke ʻano hana o ka iwi - ʻo ka pīpī ʻana i nā lau me kahi koʻo Valerian. E koi aku no e ʻekolu mau wai o ka wai maʻamau he 50 ml wale o ka tincture.
Ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana i kahi poʻo o ka kāpeti, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka kemika a me nā hoʻomākaukau koi ʻana, i nā Fitoverm kūikawā. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau lāʻau ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili manual, akā, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻai. Eia kekahi, inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka "chemistry" no ka hoʻouluʻana ma hope o ke ʻano o ke poʻo o ka kāpeti, ʻoi ka nui o lākou e hōʻiliʻili i loko.
Inā koʻikoʻi ka pilikia ma ka māla, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻekolu mau manawa i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻAno maoli, pono ʻoe ma ka liʻiliʻi e nānā i nā lau no ka hōʻino ʻia e ka ʻōpala. Hōʻike ʻia ia e ʻike i nā lula o ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu, i hiki ʻole ai i ka iniseti ke ʻalo wale mai ka mea kanu. Pili kēia i nā holoholona cruciferous.
No ke aha he nui nā pīpī pīpī māla o ka māla?
Lele pinepine ʻo nā māla o Novice e pili ana i nā mea kīwī o nā pōpoki kolu e ʻai ana, e noʻonoʻo ana iā lākou he mau mea kanu o nā ʻōmato, ka hua ʻala a me nā hua lāʻau. Hoʻonuhila wale ʻia ko kā mākou mau kamaliʻi e nā moe kāpena a me nā mea kanu mai ka ʻohana kanu crossiferous. Holo pinepine lākou i nā hipa, akā ʻo ka manawa wale nō, e alo ʻia ma luna o 30 km i hoʻokahi hola. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua mua i ka mauʻu, akā pili nā hanauna i koe i nā mea kanu.
Hoʻopiliʻia nā māla me nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu cruciferous e nā mea kūikawā me ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa - sinigrin a me sinalbin. Aia kēia mau pūlea i kekahi mau mea kanu - reseda, nasturtium, a me nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana caper. Kuhi ka pōpō i ka ʻāʻī o kēia mau mea kanu i ka hapa o ka grama, ke hoʻoholo koke nei i ka lau e kau i ka hua. ʻO ka ulu pinepine āu i kanu ai i nā monocultures i loko o ka māla hoʻokahi me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i ka hōʻiliʻili hua, ʻoi ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi ikaika o ka pūnaewele ma kēia pōpilikia.
He aha ka hana a ka poʻe hana?
ʻAʻole e like me nā pōpō kukū, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nui o nā pepeke. Hoʻopau ka uka i nā wana o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka mua, noho ke ulia ma loko o nā lau, a laila e holo i ka ʻaoʻao o luna. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i ka puna ʻoi me ka palaʻai i ka ʻōpala, kahi ʻōpala, kahi ʻula. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i nā mea kanu e like me ka horseradish, turnip. ʻO kēia ka mea makemake nui i nā maʻi like ʻole.
Hoʻopili i nā hopena maikaʻiʻole i nā mea kanu, hana ka larvae i nā pilikia ʻē aʻe. No laila, huna lākou i nā mea kūikawā e hoʻonāukiuki i ka huhū o ka ʻili o ke kanaka. No ka manu, weliweli kekahi manu, inā hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā manu.
Nā ala e pale ai i ka māla mai ka pūpū
Hiki i kahi pākeke ke noho i 1-1,5 mau mahina. I kēia manawa, hāʻawi ka wahine i ka nui o nā hua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ho'āʻo e pale i ka puka hou mai o nā hanauna hou o nā iniseti.
No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono e hana kekahi o nā ʻano.
- Nā hana Agrotechnical. ^ E Ha yM. E noʻonoʻo pono i ka pono e wehe i ka lau nahele wehonu. Nā punahele ʻai pōpō ʻoluʻolu pepa: colza, ʻeke a ke kahu hipa. Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kahi ākea nui: ka papahele holoʻokoʻa, ka māla, ʻoiai no ka mea liʻiliʻi o nā mauʻu o nā mauʻu nāu kēia mau ʻano e kōkua i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻupu. Eia ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻoweliweli aku i kahi pōpō kukū - lūlū ʻia ma hope o ka pau ʻana. Kūleʻa koke ia, ʻaʻole e nānā i nā mea kanu a hoʻolaha i ka mea ʻono i pono ai.
- ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka mīkini. ^ E Ha yM. I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e ʻohi kūʻokoʻa i nā ʻōpio, e nānā ana i nā lau o nā mea kanu mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. Hana nui ka hana, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻowalewale i ke kaʻina hana e ala i ka luku ʻana i ka pupae lolo. Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona: kala kala-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, me nā pōkoleʻeleʻele. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pupae ma nā pā, ma lalo o ka hale, i nā ʻōpala o nā ʻōpala o nā wā kahiko, nā lāʻau, ma nā lālā o nā mea kanu lāʻau. I ka pūnāwai, e nānā i nā hale āpau, nā lāʻau. Manaʻo ʻia e kiola i ka poʻe i hiki i nā wahi ākea o ka hoʻopili pupae me kahi pānaʻi ikaika ikaika o ka wai. ʻAʻole ia e hana e hoʻopau hoʻopau i nā iniseti i kēia ala, akā hiki ke hōʻemi nui ʻia kā lākou helu.
- Kemika. ^ E Ha yM. No ka luku ʻia o ka kāpeti, kūpono nā kālā i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mea inikinikala o nā ʻano like ʻole: neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, pūpū organophosphorus.
- Hoʻomākaukau lāʻau. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole maikaʻi e like me nā mea hoʻonaninani, no laila e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻia lākou. ʻO nā koho nui: Lepidocide, Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin. ʻO nā papa hana e pili ana i ka kemika, a me nā lāʻau ʻoiola, ʻōkuhi ʻia i ka wā e hoʻopau ʻia i ka wā ulu. E like me ke ana hou, ʻike ʻia ka ʻōpala o nā ʻōpala lāʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā meaʻai punahele o ka ʻōpala (radish, kāpeti, rarihi, ʻili, a me nā mea) i kanu ʻia ma kahi mamao mai kēlā me kēia. ʻO Marigold, ke kāleka, ka kumo, ka valerian, ka pāleta, nā kaloti a me ka balm lemon e kōkua i ka hoʻoweliweli i ka iniseti.