ʻO ka ʻōpū manu nui loa ʻo ia nā kohola (kitos - ma ka ʻōlelo Helene, "Sea Monster"). Akā ʻo nā kūpuna o nā kohola he mau artiodactyl e noho ana ma ka ʻāina.
ʻIke ʻia nā Cetaceans i nā iʻa nui, akā ʻo ka 1 o kā lākou mau kūpuna he hippo!
ʻO keʻano
He uliuli ka kohola nui loa ma ka honua, a hiki i ka 25-33 m, a ke kaupaona nei a hiki i 150 tons.ʻO nā mau kohola liʻewaʻi he 6 maʻa wale nō a hiki i 4 tons.
ʻO ke kino o ke kohola ke ʻano like me ka hiolo elongated; e wikiwiki ana lākou i ka wai. Aia nā maka liʻiliʻi a me nā nostrils i ka lei o ke poʻo.
ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o nā niho:
- He mau niho humuhumu nā niho heʻe.
- Mustachioed - ʻaʻohe niho, kānilo lākou i ka wai me nā papa iwi (whalebone).
Hoʻāliu ka ʻūpī o ke kohola, no ka mea, he holoholona ka hiki i kekahi manu. ʻO ke poʻo nui e kahilima i ke kino, ke kani ʻana i ka huelo. A kōkua lōʻihi nā pūlima a me ka huelo iā ia e hoʻohuli a lohi paha.
Hoʻomaopopo!
ʻO ke kohola Baleen kahi haki ma luna o ko lākou mau maka, a maʻemaʻe maikaʻi ke kino.
He ʻokoʻa nā ka poʻe Cetaceans mai ke kala, mai nā poli a i nā wahi. Hiki i nā holoholona moana ke hoʻololi i ka ʻili o ka ʻili me nā makahiki. He wahi nani lākou o ka honi, akā ʻaʻole kokoke i ka ʻono. Akā wehewehe lākou i ka wai paʻakai mai ka wai wai.
Kahi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā kohola, akā, he lohe ia me ka nui o ke kani ʻana i ke kani ʻana i ka ultrasound. No laila, he lālā paʻakikī kahi pepeiao.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa loa nō hoʻi ʻo Touch, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka helu nui o nā nerves ma lalo o ka ʻili.
He aha nā kohola
Moʻōlelo maoli, ua unuhi ʻia ka inoa ʻo "Whale" mai Helene he ʻano moana nui. A ʻo kēia mau mea, mahalo, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hālāwai me kēia mau mea, ua pīhoihoi nā kānaka ma ko lākou nui. Akā, uaʻokoʻa lākou a pau a he aha nā kohola - e haʻi mākou iā ʻoe i kēia manawa.
Humpback Whale, a i ʻole ʻo Humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae)
He mau manu momona nā kohola, no ka mea, e noho mau ana lākou i ka wai, ua hoʻomaka ka pilina me ke ʻano o ka poʻe me ka iʻa, ʻaʻole lākou.
ʻOiai ka mea o waho, ke ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā kohola ma muli o ko lākou helehelena, he nui lākou mau ʻano interspecific a ʻaʻole nā mea e pili ana i nā dolphins a i nā alia.
Whalebone i ka waha o ka kohola
ʻO ke ʻano o nā kohola
ʻO ka mea mua i uku ʻia ka ʻike inā ʻike ʻo ia me nā kohola, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ko lākou nui nui. ʻOiai nā lālā o nā cetaceans liʻiliʻi, e like me ke kohola sperm a sparf, hiki ke 3 mau mika a lōʻihi ke kaupaona ʻana he 400 kg. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano cetaceans e hiki ke hoʻohanohano i ka lōʻihi o 5-12 mika, ʻoiai e kaupaona ana i kekahi mau tonika. A ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke alakaʻi kuhihewa ʻole ʻo ia ke kohola uliuli, ʻo ka pākeke e hiki ke hiki i ka mika he 33 mau lōʻihi ka loa a kaupaona a hiki i 150 tons. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui ʻole ka nui o nā dinosaur kahiko i loaʻa i kahi nui, ka mea e lilo ai i koholā i kaulana nui a puni ka noho ʻana ma kā mākou honua.
Ma ke poʻo o ke kohola humpback, ua maopopo loa kaʻokoʻa o ka nui o nā ʻōpū kiʻekiʻe a me lalo
He kino kahakaha nā koholā a pau, ʻāʻī pōkole a paʻa ʻole, a me ke poʻo nui, ʻo ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole i like me 1/3 a 1/5 o ka nui o ka nui. Wahi a ke ʻano o nā niho, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kohola i ʻelua mau ʻāpana - nā baleen a me nā kohola paʻakai. ʻAʻohe niho ʻōpiopio i ka niho ʻōpiopio, a ma ko lākou waha he mau palaka pepeiao maoli, i kapa ʻia kekahi whalebone.
He mau niho nā kaʻo Toothy, akā ʻokoʻa ka helu a me ko lākou ʻano maʻa o nā ʻano.
ʻO nā lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kohola humpback i lalo o ka wai
Aia ma luna o ke poʻo o ka kohola ka ʻuhane - kahi lua ma kahi o ke ʻano o ka hanu. I ka wā o ka exhalation, he hūnā wai mai ka ea māhu ma o ka respirator, ka nui o ka mea e hilinaʻi ana i nā ʻano o kēia mea a i ʻole kēlā ʻelele.
Aia hoʻi i ka wāwae nui, i ka nui o nā ʻano ua huli lākou i nā palaka i hoʻoluʻu ʻia, ʻo ka nui o ia ʻano ʻokoʻa - mai nā kohua sperm liʻiliʻi a he nui, e like me ka kohola humpback.
Ua uhi ʻia ka maka o ka pākani puaʻa i nā ʻuā o nā palapula maʻi
Pau loa nā iwi ʻōpū, a ma ko lākou wahi, i ka kuʻu lumbar he ʻelua mau iwi liʻiliʻi e kau ai nā ʻili o nā pūʻupe.
Loaʻa ka inoa ʻo Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) i kona inoa no ka ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo
Ke neʻe nei ka koholā i ka wai me ke kōkua o nā ʻāpana nui o kahi pālua, ka poʻe he nui, me ka ʻike ʻole.
Minke kohola (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)
ʻIli a me ke kala
ʻOiai ke kohola a me ka mammal, akā naʻe, ʻo ka ʻili o kona ʻili a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka maka o ke o ka lauoho. Ma lalo o ka ʻili kahi kikoʻī o ka momona (i kekahi manawa a hiki i ka 1 mika). ʻO ka momona he pāʻani koʻikoʻi i ka thermoregulation o nā kohola a i ka manawa like he loaʻa o nā lako e pono ai.
ʻO ka uhi o ka ʻili o nā kohola he uhi ʻia me nā anuanu moana - ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pīpī kohola, ʻo nā pale - ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hoʻemi ma ka hiki i ke kohola ke hele wale nei i ka wai.
E hana ana nā koholā he kumulāʻau me ka hāmama waha e like me ke moʻo
alaila me kona leʻaleʻa ua hoʻowalewale ʻo ia i ka wai mai kona waha me he piston - kahe nui ka wai ma o ka whalebone, a mau nō ka crustaceans.
Koholā i ka wai me ka plankton
ʻO ka kala o nā kohola, ʻoiai he ʻano ʻē aʻe ia, akā ma ka manawa like ia me ke akamai a, me he mea laʻa, he kumulāʻeleʻele a he kino keʻokeʻo hoʻi i lalo.
Hoʻaiho
Hoʻokomo nā Cetaceans i nā moana i nā ʻano latitu. Ke neʻe nei nā holoholona i ke anuanu i nā wai mahana.
Mālama ʻia nā kanaka pilikino i nā pūʻulu o nā holoholona 30-100. E ʻike i ka mea e noho ai nā kohola.
ʻO ka pūnaehana a me ka ʻili o nā kohola
He ʻona ka nui o ka poʻe iʻike ʻia, i wehewehe ʻia e ka manaʻo he wahi a ʻona kahi o ka lolo i kuleana no ka hoʻolohe. ʻO ka mea hiki i nā kohola keʻike i ka echolocation, nāna e kōkua iā lāua e neʻe a loaʻa i ka ʻai ma nā hohonu o ke kai me ke kōkua o ke kani e kū mai nei mai ka mea, kahi lākou e hoʻokau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole.
Blue Whale Cub (Balaenoptera musculus)
Akā aia kekahi kumu kaulana ʻē aʻe i ke ʻano o nā kohola ka hoʻokūkū ʻana o nā kānaka ʻepekema - ʻo ia ka wā e ʻauʻau ʻia ai nā kohola, e like me nā dolpins, e holoi ʻia i kahakai. Ua manaʻo ʻia ia aia kekahi o nā ʻano hana i ka pepehi ʻana o nā holoholona kahiko a maʻi paha. Akā ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō nā kohola ejected i kēia manawa a i kekahi manawa ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka moana me ke kōkua kanaka. ʻOiai paha ia ka hana maikaʻi ʻole o ka mīkini echolocation e hoʻolilo iā lākou i ka noʻonoʻo like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike ʻana i nā kohola - ka ʻike a me ka honi - hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia, ma muli o ia mau pipi, e like me ka mea i holoi ʻia ma ka ʻawa.
Kākā ʻili
Whale hale
ʻO nā kohola ka mea maʻamau ma nā moana āpau o ko mākou honua. Ma ka manawa like, neʻe lākou e like me kā lākou punahele punahele, aia kahi mau wahi e hānai ai, momona a hānai.
Holo mālie nā kohola i ka wai - 10-15 km / h, akā inā hiki mai kahi pōpilikia, hiki iā lākou ke hele i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 50 km / h.
Ua kāʻai ʻo Carcass i ke kai i loko o ke kai kohola ʻokoʻa no ka noiʻi ʻepekema hou
ʻO nā kāne ʻōpio a me nā wahine hānai ʻole i hoʻohālikelike i ka wā kaʻawale mai nā kohola, ʻo ia ka manawa o ka mākeke e hana i nā bipi a hiki i 15 mau kānaka. Eia kekahi, loaʻa ʻole iā lākou ka hierarchy, nāna e mālama i ka pilina me ka maluhia i loko o ka ʻohana.
Mea ʻai
ʻOkoʻa ka meaʻai i nā ʻano cetacean:
- ʻaiʻai ʻana i nā iʻa.
- hānai i nā detritophages i ka mea pilikino (ma ka decomposed),
- nā iʻa makaʻala - ʻai i nā iʻa, nā pinnipeds (nā silaʻi, nā liona kai), nā ʻenehana wikiwiki loa a me nā kahu ʻeke.
Koholā kai
ʻO ka kohola ʻulaʻula nui (biru) nui loa o ka honua ke piʻi a 33 m lōʻihi a ke kaupaona nei a hiki i 150 tons. ʻIliʻili marmer me nā pulu hina. ʻO kāna meaʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka plankton.
Kāhea wale ʻo Cetaceans. I ka wā e hopohopo ai lākou a me ka pōʻino paha, hele lākou i lalo i lalo a i ka 550 m. ʻOiai ke olakino maikaʻi e kanu wale nō i ka 100 m.
ʻO ke koholā ma lalo o ka wai o 3/4 o ke ola. Hānau ka wahine i kahi pēpē 1 i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke koholā ka lōʻihi e lōʻihi ke ola, hiki ke ola i 80-100 mau makahiki.
Kūpono hanohano
No ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kahi kūpe hump, hāʻawi i ka inoa ʻo "humpback." Ke hina hina ka kino me nā pōpoki maʻamau a hiki i ka 14 m, ke kaupaona ʻana he 30 mau anona, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā mea ulu ma luna o ke poʻo (warts) a ʻūlū ka ʻōpū.
ʻAi lākou i ka mollusks, nā mau mea liʻiliʻi a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Pau ke kola humpback i nā leo nui e leʻaleʻa a lohe ʻia. Noho a hala ma kahi o 50 mau makahiki.
Kahiwa puaʻa
ʻO ka kohola ʻano lono ʻole ia. Ua lohi ia he 3 mauʻu a hiki a 6 m loa ke kiko he kino ʻano ʻulaʻula uliuli kona. He liʻiliʻi nā loina pectoral a ma luna o ka dorsal a hiki i 25 cm ma ke ʻano o ka mai.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano he ʻāpana keokeo-keʻokeʻo.
He paʻakikī ke hui ʻana, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma luna o ka wai. ʻAʻole hana kēia ʻili i ka hum a hoʻokuʻu i nā punawai i kahi mea liʻiliʻi. Ua piele mālie ʻo ia a palu kona kino i ke nalu.
Nui! Aloha nui ʻo ia i ka minamina, ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā kohola minke, ʻo ia hoʻi he mau palekana. Hoʻomaopopo lākou iā ia e kahi wahi keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka iwi ātahu.
Kahiāʻai Sperm
ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi kūlike o nā cetaceans ka pīpī sperm. Noho lākou i nā pipi, i ka hohonu i loko o ke kai.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka wai nui o ka ea i loko o ka holoholona i loko o kahi ʻeke wai, a i loko nō hoʻi o nā mea māi. E kamaʻilio me nā ultrasounds o nā hoahānau.
Pōʻino kahi manu sperm whale no kona ʻano huhū, hiki iā ia ke kahe i kahi moku whale. Ma muli o ka hopu ʻana, ua emi ikaika ka nui o ka holoholona.
Paʻu ʻia i nā crustaceans, cumi, nā māka liʻiliʻi, mollusks, etc.
Mea ʻatikala! ʻO ka kohola Sperm wale nō ka māmela kahi e waiho ai ka pākeke i loko o kona waha. I loko o kahi ulia moku, ua ʻai ʻia nā kohola sperm.
Kōleʻa Beluga
ʻO kēia koholā heoted, mahalo i ka keʻokeʻo i loaʻa iā ia ka inoa ʻo "Belukha". Noho lākou a hiki i 40 mau makahiki, loaʻa nā fectoral pectoral o kahi ʻano oval.
Hānau ʻia nā pēpē ma ka'āpana polū. He poʻo poʻo poʻo ʻōpio nui. ʻO kahi manawa kūikawā i waena o nā kohola ke huli i ko lākou poʻo.
Ke kōloʻi koholā
Ua hiki i nā holoholona ke hele a piha i nā makahiki he 12, akā mākaukau no ka hoʻoulu ʻana e 4-5 mau makahiki. Hoʻohou lōʻihi ʻia ka manawa pā i nā kāne; hiki iā lākou ke aloha pinepine.
Mamuli o ke ʻano o ka holoholona, hāpai ka hapai i 7-15 mau mahina.
I ka hoʻoilo a i ka wā hānau, hele nā wahine i ke kūkulu hema i nā wai mahana i mua o nā kāne. Noho lākou i laila me nā pēpē hou, a i ke kauwela ke noho mau nei i nā aniani.
Hānau ʻia kahi puaʻa me kāna huelo i mua, a ʻauʻau e kokoke ana i ka wahine. ʻO ka waiʻa kohola ka momona loa.
ʻO nā holoholona moana kai nui, nā mea lanakila o nā moana e hoʻonani i ko mākou honua. Kāʻae ʻia ka hopu ʻana a me ka hopu ʻana no nā cetaceans i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui i kā lākou helu.
Kākoʻo Cetacean
ʻO ke kauoha Cetaceans kahi hui maikaʻi e pili ana i nā mammals aquatic e like me nā iʻa. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka like o ko lākou kino kino, ua pūlohelohe ka ʻili o ko lākou helehelena, ua hala ke nānā aku o ko lākou kino, ua huli ko lākou forelimbs i mau iwi, a e like hoʻi me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, me ka hanu me ko lākou pūlē. No hoʻokahi hanu, piha ka pūleo o nā cetaceans i ka ea i loko o kahi kekona a 14 tausani lita, e hiki ai i nā cetaceans o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole ke noho ma lalo o ka wai no 15 a 90 mau minuke.
Kuhi. 1. Kūlana Cetacean
ʻO ka nui loa o nā momi āpau kēlā no kēia kauoha, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka nui ka nui o nā kohola uliuli e hopu ana he 33 mika a kaupaona ana ma kahi o 150 tons. E noʻonoʻo: ua pili kēia waahi i ka nui o nā ʻelele he 50, ʻoiai, ʻo kēia ʻano nui ka nui o nā holoholona āpau i noho ai.
Kuhi. 2. ʻO ke kaupaona a me ka lōʻihi o ke kohola uliuli
Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o nā ukana liʻiliʻi loa a 1 mika a me kahi ākea e pili ana i 30 kilograms.
Hiki i nā Cetaceans ke echolocation a maʻalahi ke hoʻokele a hiki i nā hohonu hohonu.
Kuhi. 3. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ka echolocation
E pālahalaha ākea, lele i nā moana a me nā kai āpau. Kekahi mau ʻano holoholona i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana e piʻi a hala i 10 tausani mau kilomita. Ma lalo o ka ʻili o nā kohola, hoʻāla kahi papa o ka momona mai ka 18 a 50 kenimika ke mānoanoa, e hōʻoia ana i ka pā ʻana o ke kino a me ka buoyancy maikaʻi.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kohola i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki ʻelua. ʻO ke lōʻihi o ke kino o ka wahine hou kahi hapakolu o ke kino o ka wahine. Mālama ka makuahine i ka pēpē me ka waiū. ʻO ka waiū Cetacean kahi o kahi momona o 54%, kahi aneane he 10 mau manawa ma mua o ka pipi o ka pipi. No laila e ulu wikiwiki a ka pā. Loaʻa nā koholā i nā moekolohe kāne i ka makahiki 4-6.
Kuhi. 4. Kika me ke kohola wahine
Ma ka huina, e pili ana i 90 mau ʻano o nā Cetaceans o kēia mau lā. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kauoha Cetacean i nā ʻāpana 2: nā iʻa niho holoi a me ka ʻula. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pīpī Papa Mokuʻahaʻa e nā mua o nā niho ma ke ʻano hoʻokahi wale nō. Liʻiliʻi ka ʻōlelo a me ka ʻōlelo. ʻO nā kohola i nā wāwae e komo ai i nā ʻohana 4, me nā ʻohana Sperm Whale a me Dolphin.
Nā Pili Pili ʻAina
ʻAʻole pili ka ʻohana Dolphin i nā cetaceans nui loa, e piʻi ana i ka lōʻihi mai ka 1 a 10 mau mika. E lele holo pono nā dolphins a pau, noho ma nā hui, maʻalahi ka holo ʻana i loko o nā wai pilikia. Ua kamaʻilio lākou me kēlā me kēia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hōʻailona leo leo nui. ʻO nā manu kōlio nā mea wānana, hānai nui lākou i ka iʻa. Hiki i nā kohola killer ke hoʻouka i nā cetaceans ʻē aʻe, nā pinnipeds a i nā penguins paha. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mea ʻai, ua hāhiʻi nui lākou.
Kuhi. 6. nā Dolphin Pūnaewele
Hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻumiʻumi Kūkākūkā ma ka nalowale o nā niho, ʻelua mau ihu a me ka ke ana o kahi whalebone, e hana ana i kahi hana ʻauʻau. Ke māʻalo nei i ka wai ma loko ona, mau nā loko iʻa nā baleen i nā pū iʻa a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Nui ka ʻōlelo, hāpana, ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i 3 tons. ʻO ka mahele ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā kohola nui: bowhead, hina, uliuli, finwal a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Kālā pinniped
ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Pinniped he mau momi aquatic akā naʻe, hoʻomaha lākou a hoʻouka ma ka ʻāina. ʻO ke kauoha e komo ai nā liona moana, nā walruses, nā kohu. ʻO kēia mau holoholona nui a me nā ʻāpana nunui me ka lōʻihi o 1,5 a 6 mau mika a he paona o 40 kg a 3,5 tons.
Hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou kino, streamlines. Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo, ua koi nā niho a lawelawe e hopu i ka mea ʻai. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pepeiao i ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka wai. Ua hoʻololi ʻia nā lōpū i nā palaka. Hoʻololi ʻia ka lauoho lauoho i ka hulu manu me ka fluff popo i nā palanikulu huluhulu ma kahi kokoke i loaʻa i ka lauoho kaila ma walruses. ʻO ka nui o ka momona o ka momona a he 10 cm ka nui o ka momona: Hoʻopau lākou i ka nui o nā crustaceans, iʻa, a me nā mollusks. ʻO ka makahiki hoʻokahi, hānau lākou i hoʻokahi kūbita, kahi i uhi ʻia me ka lalo.
Kuhi. 7. Hoʻopili Hatchling
E lilo lākou i kāne kamelika e 3-7 mau makahiki. Noho lākou i ka hapanui o ke kai a me ka hoʻoluʻu. I kēia manawa he 30 mau kime o nā pinnipeds. ʻO ka nui ka nui e hōʻea ʻia e nā leka uila ʻo Antarctic a hiki i ka 6 m mau lōʻihi a ke kaupaona nei a hiki i ka 3 mau tone. ʻO ka pālima liʻiliʻi ʻona liʻiliʻi nui ma nā Arctic he 78 cm lōʻihi.
Kuhi. 8. ʻElani ʻōlima
Kuhi. 9. ʻO ke kelepona paʻa
ʻO nā pinnipeds, nā ʻano lime o nā walruses, nā silaima a me nā sila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o Russia.
Lōpala pahu
Ma keia detatsment, he 2 wale no na elele o na elepani me na subspecies he nui. He kiʻekiʻe ka lōʻihi o ka ʻenehana India ma kahi o 3 mau mika a me ka nui o ka 5 mau tone.
Kuhi. 10. ʻO ka ulu a me ka uluʻana o ka elepani o India
ʻO ka ʻekepila ʻApelika ka nui o nā mamalia ʻāina. Ke ulu nei i nā malo nāu o kahi elephant, a hiki i ka 3,5 mika, ʻo ke kumu kiʻekiʻe o nā wahine ma kahi o 3 mau tonona, a ʻo nā kāne hoʻi ma kahi o 5 mau tonona.
Kuhi. 11. ʻAlani ʻApelika
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o ka hoʻolālā o nā elephants, ʻo ka hele ʻana o nā tusks. Kūkulu ʻia mai nā elisated maxillary incisors. Ulu ka ola i ke ola holoʻokoʻa, a e hoʻololi ʻia nā molars i nā mea hou o kēlā me kēia 6-7 mau makahiki. Kohu ʻia nā ʻāpana muscular nui i loaʻa i nā holoholona ma muli o ka hoʻopili o ka ihu a me nā lehelehe luna. Me ka ʻokiʻoki, hanu nā elepani, inu i ka wai, loaʻa ka ʻai mai nā lāʻau. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe i nā mea mai ka lepo, a me ka mea liʻiliʻi, e like me ka ʻaila, a me nā nui, e like me ka lāʻau.
Maʻa maloʻo ka ʻili o nā elepani, a he puho ʻole ia o ka lauoho. ʻAi nā elepani i nā meaʻai kanu. Noho nā pua mai kekahi mau keneka a i hoʻokahi haneli kanaka. Hānau ʻia ka elepani i hoʻokahi keiki bipi i ʻehā i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Mass ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 100 kg a ulu a hiki i ka 1 m. ʻO ka umauma i mau ma kahi o 22 mau mahina. Lilo lākou i nā kāne i ka 12 makahiki o ke ola.
Kuhi. 12. ʻElima ʻElima
Pūnaewele Pihi
Aia ma kahi o 240 mau ʻano o nā holoholona o mua. Loaʻa lākou a pau i ka peka a me ke ʻano, nā wāwae ikaika, ke poʻo liʻiliʻi me ka ʻāʻī puʻupuʻu pōkole.
Kuhi. 13. Mokuna Hālai
Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā ʻelele a pau o ka hele ʻana i ke ʻano like o ke ʻano o nā niho a me ke ala o ka hānai ʻana.Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana lōʻihi e hopu i ka mea paʻa a me ka pepehi ʻana. ʻO ka mea nui no nā niho predatory nā holoholona maoli wale nō.
Kuhi. 14. Nā huaʻa o nā mea hoʻolaha
Kuhi. 15. ʻO nā niho Predatory
ʻO ka helu liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā māka o ka kauoha he mau puahe like ʻole, e like me nā panda nui, a i ʻole nā ʻano manu like ʻole e like me nā beves. ʻO nā mākaʻi nui loa o ka leʻaheʻa e pili ana i nā mika 3 m a lōʻihi o ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i 1 ton. ʻO ka holoholona liʻiliʻi ka weasel a hiki i 13 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona a hiki i 100 g.
Kūpono nā holoholona Predatory ma nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua, ʻaʻole i ka Antarctic. Noho lākou i ka nui o nā kūlana. Loaʻa i ka papa i nā ʻohana 7, kahi e noʻonoʻo ai mākou i ka bear, dog, marten a me kā cat.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻohana Canine a i ʻole Canine i nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻīlio raccoon, nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻalopeke arctic. ʻO kēia nā holoholona ʻōpiopio me nā muzzle elongated, nā wāwae lōʻihi a me nā mau lehelehe ʻole.
Kuhi. 18. Nā Hale Aloha
Hoʻohana lākou, e like me ke lula, i ka pō a i ka pō paha. Ke kuhihewa ʻia ka kala kala ʻana a mākaʻikaʻi ʻia paha lākou. Ke nānā ʻia nei ʻo Prey, nānā ʻia i lalo a hoʻohana ʻia i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻono o ka ʻono. Aia ka wolf, nāna, no ka mea pono, inā pono, holo i ka wikiwiki o 50-60 km / h, a ma ka awelika ka holo o 20 km i kēlā me kēia lā. Hānau nā ʻīlio i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki, e hānau ana mai ka 4 a hiki i ka 6, a i kekahi manawa a hiki i 15 mau ʻōpio ikaika i hana ʻole ʻia.
Kuhi. 19. Ka ʻopio cub
Ka ʻohana
Loaʻa ka ʻohana Bear ma kahi o 7 mau ʻano, ikaika ke kino o kēia mau holoholona. Ua pālahalaha ke poʻo, ua pōkole ke ʻāʻī, ʻo ka huelo, aia ka peʻe i ka mānoanoa o ka holoholona, aneane ʻike ʻole.
Kuhi. 20. Ka ʻohana bear
He mea maʻamau nā Bears ma ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO nā mea kaulana loa he brown, ʻeleʻele a me nā polani polar.
Kuhi. 21. ke kāhea ʻana o nā bea
Noho ʻo Brown bear ma ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO kona lōʻihi a hiki i ka 3 mika, a ʻo kona nui a hiki loa i 750 kg. Hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā meaʻai kanu, nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi, hoʻouka i nā holoholona a ʻai i ka kālai. Ke alakaʻi nei i kahi noho hana maʻalahi, hana i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i nā hibernates ka hopena, hiki ke lōʻihi mai ka 4.5 a me 6.5 mau mahina.
Kuhi. 22. ʻO ka lōʻihi a me ke kaupaona o ka bear brown
I ka hoʻoilo, hānau a wahine ka wahine i loko o ka lua, i kekahi manawa ma mua o nā bipi keiki i kaupaona ʻia ma kahi o 500 g. Ua hānau hūnā ʻia a keiki ʻole nā keiki a keiki i ka mahina o ke ola. Hānai ʻia ka waiū o ka makuahine i ʻeono mahina. Hiki lākou i ka moekolohe ma ke ʻano he ʻekolu.
Kuhi. 23. Kaewa
Nā ʻohana Kunyi
ʻO ka ʻohana Kunya ka nui loa o ka detachment, ma kahi o 70 mau ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole a me ke ʻano o ke ola nona. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino - mai 15 a 150 cm, a me ke kaupaona - mai ka 100 gram i ka 40 kilograms. He lauoho koʻikoʻi loa ka Cunyas, nā holoholona he nui ka waiwai.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā martyrs i alakaʻi i kahi noho terrestrial, e like me ka ferrets, weasels, badger a me nā wīlī. Aʻae hoʻi ʻo Martens e neʻe i ka ʻāina, ʻoiai e piʻi lākou a piʻi i nā lāʻau. Ua loli ka nui o Otters a me nā ʻōpū moana i kahi ʻano semi-akuatic.
Kuhi. 24. Ka ʻohana Kunyi
ʻOhana Feline
ʻO ka ʻohana Feline kekahi o nā moʻo hihiu a me nā ʻāʻī, loko, nā liona, nā leopona, nā lynx a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma ka huina, 36 nā mea pili i 4 genera i ʻike. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā ʻelele mai 50 a 380 cm. Paʻa ke kaupaona mai 1.5 a 275 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ka huelo mai 10 a 115 cm.
Hoʻopili ke kino o ka pōpoki, elongated, me ke poʻo liʻiliʻi. He lōʻihi nā wāwae, heʻili ke kuku, he lōʻihi hoʻi ka huelo, i uhi pinepine ʻia me ka lauoho. Hiki iā lākou ke hopu mele me nā pūʻulu.
No Cheetah nā holoholona - ʻo ka holoholona wikiwiki loa, hiki ke hele aku i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 110 km / h. Ke waiho kino ʻana i ke kino kino, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a kaulaʻi paha. Hoʻokomo ʻo Cheetahs i hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki, hānau ʻo ka wahine i 3 a 9 mauwaliwali, makapō, nā mea make ʻole o ka lālani. Hiki lākou i ka moekolohe i ka makahiki a i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa paha o ke ola, ke ola nei lākou 15, ʻohi a hiki i 30 mau makahiki.
16 nā papa inoa i kau ʻia ma ka Red Book of Russia mai ka Predatory order, me ka ʻulaʻula ulaula, keʻokeʻo a me nā bea Himalayan, nā ʻoni moana, nā ʻaʻahu, nā tiger Amur a me ka ʻiona leʻe.
Kuhi. 25. ʻulaʻula ulaula
Kuhi. 26. Himalayan bear
ʻO nā mea hou aku e pili ana i nā poʻe Cetaceans
ʻO ka ʻohana kahiko e pili ana i nā kohola umauma hou. ʻO nā mākaʻi he wahi paʻa, elongated snout a me ke poʻo koʻikoʻi. ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa, nā ʻu a me nā ʻalopeke, kahi ʻōpala pinepine ʻia i ka lepo lepo. Noho lākou i nā kahawai o ʻAmelika Hema, India a me Kina.
ʻO ka hana ʻana ma nā wā i hala aku nei he kuleana nui ia i nā ʻoihana kālā o kekahi mau ʻāina riparian. E holomua hou ana ka ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao whale, kahi i hōʻea i kahi pōʻino i kā lākou mau helu. Ua hoʻōla ʻia ka pa holoʻokoʻa a pau, akā ua mahalo nui ʻia ka spermaceti. I nā makahiki iwakāluakū iwakālua, ua kokoke ʻia i ka nui o 2.5 miliona mau kohola.
I mea e pale aku ai iā lākou mai ka luku ʻia ʻana, ua kau inoa ʻia kahi kuʻikahi honua ma 1946 e hoʻoponopono hou i ka mea pio, akā ua hoʻomau mau ʻia ka nui o nā kohola. Hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻano ʻano hopu he nui i loko o nā Puke ʻĀina a pale paʻa ʻia.
ʻOi aʻe e pili ana i nā elepani
Lawe ʻia nā elepona manuahi ma India, kalai ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana hana koʻikoʻi. Ke papa ʻia aku nei ʻo Elephant ma nā wahi āpau, eia naʻe, me nā keena, nā pāpaʻāina a me nā hana palekana a pau, ke hoʻomau nei nā poimana i nā elephants i kā lākou mau ʻale a i ʻole iʻa.
Me ka pāpā i ka kālepa ivory, ua hoʻonui nui ka uluʻana o ka mammoth fossil, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai nui ka nui o ka Russian tundra ma nā kapa o ka muliwai Lena. I ka makahiki 2009, ʻo ka lawe ʻana aku o ka iwi molmoth mai Lūkia e like me ke 60 ʻona.
Nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻohana Raccoon i nā holoholona ʻōpiopio me kahi kino elongated a lōʻihi, kahi lōʻihi o ka paʻa ʻana i ka huelo. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona pīhoihoi o nā raccoons ko lākou hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā mea liʻiliʻi me ko lākou mau lima me nā manamana lima nani. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ʻohana i nā raccoons, noses, a me nā panda liʻiliʻi. ʻAkahi ka ʻohana ma ka canine, bear a me ka kunim.
ʻO ka ʻohana Hyena e hui pū ai i nā holoholona he 4 wale nō, ʻoiai ʻo ko lākou ʻano like ʻole i waho o nā ʻīlio, pili nui loa lākou i ka ʻohana cat. He mau holoholona nui kēia, ka lōʻihi o ke kino - mai 55 a 165 cm, paona - mai 10 a 80 mg. ʻEkolu mau ʻano ʻehā no ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona a nāwaliwali nā holoholona, e pāʻani ana i nā hana nui o nā kauoha.
Hoʻopuka haʻawina
No laila, ua nānā kēia haʻawina i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mammals a me nā terestrial e noho ana i nā wahi kūloko a me nā ʻano kai aku.
Hōʻike Pūnaewele
1. Latyushin V.V., Shapkin V.A. Biology. Nā holoholona. 7 papa. - M.: Bustard, 2011.
2. Sonin N.I., Zakharov VB Biology. ʻO nā ʻano meaʻala ola. Nā holoholona. Helu 8. - M.: Bustard, 2009.
Hoʻohui hou ʻia nā ʻike pūnaewele pūnaewele aʻe
1 Kahi Helu Mammalian (Mīkini)
4. ʻpolelo (Punawai)
Kuhiwuhi
1. ʻO nā holoholona nā cetaceans? He aha keʻano o lākou?
2. E papa inoa i nā ʻohana o nā mea kuhi i ʻike ʻia iā ʻoe. He aha nā mea i kūlike i kā lākou mau lālā?
3. ʻO nā holoholona nā proboscis? Me nā papa e ʻike ʻia ai ʻoe e pili ana he proboscis pili?
4. inoa i nā pinnipeds āu i ʻike ai. ʻO wai o lākou e ʻike i ka ʻāina o ka Lūkini Lūkini?
5. Kūkākūkā me nā hoaaloha a me nā ʻohana he aha nā holoholona e like me nā kohola, nā ʻuhane, a me nā bears i ka papa Mammals. Pehea i ulu ai kēia papa?
Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi hewa a i ʻole kahi laha i haki ʻia, e ʻoluʻolu e ʻike iā mākou - e hana i kāu hāʻawi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hana.
Ke ʻano o ka kohola
I nā cetaceans āpau, ke kino o ke kino o kahi puna elongated, e hāʻawi iā lākou me ka maʻalahi o ka pulu ma ka kolamu wai. ʻO kekahi poʻo nui me ka puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi a maloʻo hoʻi e hiki ai i ka kohola e hōʻoki ma waena o ka wai i ka wā e ʻauʻau ai. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā lua i kokoke i ka lei o ke poʻo, a liʻiliʻi nā maka i ke kino. Loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa i nā ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā niho. ʻO nā niho pīpī mau niho he mau niho cone-cones, a me nā kohola paikau ma mua o nā niho maʻamau ka kānana i ka wai a loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻai me nā kīʻaha iwi (a he whalebone paha).
Ke hoʻolako nei i ke kāʻei o ke kohola i ka plasticity kūikawā a me ka hiki ke hoʻokō i nā manu ma muli o ke ʻano spongy a me ka elasticity o ka disc intervertebral. ʻO ke poʻo i ke kino me ka ʻole o ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāʻī, i ka ʻoi e lilo ka kino o ke kino. Huli ka mamalia a me ka paʻi me ka kōkua o nā pua, i hoʻololi ʻia mai nā peni pectoral. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hana o ke kaʻa e ka huelo, i hiʻohiʻona ʻia e kahi ʻaoʻao laulā, pākaha a me nā ʻiʻo maikaʻi. Ma ka hopena o ka caudal, aia i kahi pona kū i luna. Hoʻohana ka nui o nā kohola i ka ʻili lākou e hoʻopaʻa i ko lākou neʻe i lalo o ke kai.
Hoʻoulu wale ka lauoho a me ke keleʻe ma luna o nā maka o nā kohola, ʻo ke kino e uhi ʻia me ka ʻili a me ka lauoho hoʻi. ʻO ka kala o ka ʻili o ka holoholona hiki ke lilo i monophonic, anti-shade - mai lunaʻeleʻele a me kahi mālamalama i lalo, a i ʻole ʻilika hoʻi. Me nā makahiki, hiki i nā kohola ke loli i ke kala o ko lākou ʻano. Loaʻa ka poʻe Cetaceans i nā mea paʻi olfactory, a me nā mea i makemake ʻole i ka ʻono. He ʻike nō ka kohola i ka momona o nā meaʻai paʻakai, aʻo nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻē aʻe i kahi paʻa o nā ʻāpana ʻono. Hoʻopau piha ʻia ka ʻike hoʻonā a me nā myopia pinepine e nā kelepa hoʻohui. ʻO ka loiloi o ka mammal kahi ʻike i nā leo e kani ana mai nā kani nui i ka nui o ka ultrasound, ma muli o ke ʻano paʻakikī anatomical o ka ʻōpū kūloko. Ma lalo o ke kinikini he nui o nā napu, e hāʻawi ana i ka holoholona me kahi mea maikaʻi loa o ka pā ʻana.
Ua kamaʻilio nā koholā me kekahi ma o ka echolocation. ʻO ka nele o nā kaula leo leo ʻole i kaohi i ka kamaʻilio kamaʻilio ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e ka hoʻokani kani. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hana o ka mea hoʻohālikelike a me nā kani leo e kahi papaho o ka momona i nā iwi concve o ka ʻōpū. Hōʻalo ka neʻe o nā kohola i kekahi mau manawa, akā hiki i ko lākou wikiwiki ke hiki i ka iwakālua mau hola i hoʻokahi hola.
ʻAʻole hilinaʻi ke ʻano o ke kino o ke kohola i ke kaiapōpō, he mau holoholona mahana kēia. Mālama ʻia kahi papa momona o ka momona mai ka overcooling o cetaceans. ʻO nā pūpū maʻi me nā pūliki i hoʻomohala ʻia e ʻae i nā holoholona e mālama ma lalo o ka wai mai ka mau minuke i hoʻokahi hola a i ka hapa. E lele ana i luna o ke kai, e hoʻokuʻu ai ke kohola i ka ea ʻoi aku kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka lewa. ʻO ia ke kumu, ke hoʻohālikelike nei, puka nei kahi pūnāwai - kahi ʻōpala o condensate, a me ia, no ka nui o ka mana nui, kuʻi ʻia kahi pipiki i kekahi mau holoholona nui.
ʻAu e noho ai nā kohola?
ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā kohola ka moana o ka honua. Kahi ʻia ka mau leo ma nā wahi āpau, akā i ka manawa anuanu ka hapanui i ka wai mahana a noho i kokoke i ke kapakai. ʻO ia kēia mau holoholona holoholona, makemake nui e noho i loko o nā pū me nā mea he ʻumi a i ʻole mau haneli paha o nā kānaka. E lele nā mea kohola ma ke ʻano o ka manawa. I ka hoʻoilo a i ka wā hoʻoulu, ʻo ka mau loko o ke kohola a me kā lākou wahine i ka wai wela, a i ke kauwela, aia lākou i loko o nā wai i kahi pakanā a i kahi kiʻekiʻe paha.
He aha nā meaʻai a nā kohola?
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea kanu kohola i kāna ʻano. Lawa ʻia ʻo Plankton e nā planktophages; hana ʻia nā mollusks i meaʻai no ka teutophages. Hoʻohana i nā iʻa ʻai i ka ichthyophages, decomposed mea kanu mea hoʻohana detritophages. ʻO nā kohola luku kā lākou wale nō ka mākaʻi o nā cetaceans e ʻimi wale nei no ka iʻa wale nō, akā no nā pine like ʻole e like me nā kime, nā penguins a me nā leona kai. Hiki i nā Dolphins a me kā lākou poʻe mamo ke lilo i mau pōpoki o nā kohola pepehi kanaka.
Kai kohula
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻelele o nā cetaceans he kohola kohola. Hiki ʻia ka inoa o ka holoholona mai kona kala. Hānau ʻia nā ʻōpū Beluga me ka ʻulaʻula uliuli ʻulaʻula, a laila e hoʻololi i ka hina hina, a ʻo ka pākeke keʻokeʻo kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo. ʻO kahi holoholona kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi me ka lae kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i ke kohola beluga ke huli i kona poʻo, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻia ʻo ia me ka huaʻā cervical. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o nā kohola. ʻAʻole holoholona ka holoholona i ka mea dorsal, a ʻo nā fector pectoral liʻiliʻi he oval i ka ulana. Ma muli o kēia mau ʻano ʻano, ua unuhi ka inoa o kahi mamalia mai Latin e "manu lelephph." I hoʻokahi kanakolu a he kanahā mau makahiki - ke ola nei ka nui o kēia mau kohola.
Noho ka kēia mau kohola i nā latika kikoʻī, akā e neʻe i ka manawa. Noho nā koholā Beluga i ke kauwela a me ka punawai i ka kahakai, i nā wahi no ka molting a me ka hānai. I ka wā molting, e hoʻomoʻa nā kohola i ka wai pāpū e pili ana i nā ʻōpū o ke kai, no laila e hoʻāʻo ai e hoʻokahe i ka ʻili kahiko. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻike ʻia nā koholā beluga i nā wahi like, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i kahi o kā lākou hānau, kahi a lākou e hoʻi ma hope o ka hoʻoilo. I ka hoʻoilo, noho nā koholā i nā ʻanuʻu glaciation, kahe ʻana o ka hau poli me ko lākou mau mana ikaika. Akā i ka manawa i kiʻi ʻia ai nā ʻōpala e kahi uhi aniani o ka hau, hiki ke hāʻule ka belugas i ka pio pio. Hāʻawi ʻia ka pōpilikia e nā bea polar a me nā kohola makeʻe, no ka mea hiki i nā kohola beluga ke lilo i meaʻai. ʻO ka hele ʻana o ka kohola i ʻelua mau pūʻulu: ma kahi hoʻokahi, aia kekahi mau wahine me nā cubs, ma ka lua aia nō nā kāne pākeke. Hoʻopili ʻia ka kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o kēlā me kēia kanaka e hoʻohana ana i nā kani kani a hoʻopili ʻia e nā polima ma ka wai. I ka manawa o nā haʻawina beluga, ua ʻoi aku ma kahi o kanalima mau ʻano kani leo āna e hoʻolaha ai.
Pale kohola
No ka nui o ka poʻe noiʻi e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana paha i ka iʻa o ka mea pepehi kohola a he meaʻokiʻoki. ʻOiai ka mea ʻo ke kohola pepehi kanaka ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo kā iʻa i loko o ka pāʻai a me ke ola i kēlā me kēia lā o nā mea kūʻai aku, ʻike ʻia kēia holoholona holoholona. Ua hilahila kēia holoholona me ka kohola no ka mea o ke ʻano o ka pau: he huluhulu lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā manu, a ma ka pā kīwila pepehi kanaka, ua puni lākou a ākea lākou.
Nā moena a me ka hānai ʻana i nā kohola
He holoholona ʻokiʻoki ʻo ia ka kohola i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki ʻelua. Mālama ka piha ʻana o ka mammal i ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki he ʻumikumamālua, akā ua loaʻa iā ia ka manawa e hoʻohālikelike me nā makahiki ʻehā. Mālama ʻo Males i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, no laila ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lā. Hoʻopuka nā mea hāpai i ke ʻano o ka ʻano cetacean a hiki ke lawe mai i ʻehiku a hiki i ka ʻumikumamālima mahina. No ka hānau hānau ʻana, hele ka wahine i nā wai mahana.
Ka hopena o kahi lā hānau keiki, puka mai kahi anakahi, kahi e waiho ai i ka huʻu o ka wahine. Loaʻa i kahi pēpē hānau hānau ka manawa e neʻe a hoʻomohala kūʻokoʻa, akā e mālama ʻia no kekahi manawa kokoke i kona makuahine. Pahu ka koholā i ka wai ma lalo o ka wai, no ka mea he waiū nui ka nui o ka waiʻai a me ka momona momona, ma muli o ke kahe ʻole o ka wai i ka wai. ʻO ka pēpē ma hope o ka hānai ana ua ʻaneʻane pālua ʻia ka nui. I ka manawa o ka hānai ʻana, e hele pū ana ka makuahine a me ka ʻili i kahi kāne.
