ʻO nā hōʻailona kuahi, a akiba (Phoca hispida) - kekahi o nā honi maoli i loaʻa pinepine i nā Arctic: e like me nā mea i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka honua heʻehā, aia paha ma kahi o 4 miliona mau ʻīlio kani. Ua loaʻa i kēia sila inoa kona inoa ma muli o ke ʻano ma ka hulu hipa, aia kekahi o nā nui o nā kiʻina kukui ma kahi ʻōuli uliuli. Aia ʻo Akiba i ke kai o ka moana Arctic mai ka Bares a me White i ke komohana a hiki i ke kai ʻo Bering ma ka hikina, aia ia ma nā Okhotk a me Baltic Seas, ka Tatar Strait, ka āka o Finland a me Lake Ladoga, i kekahi manawa e piʻi ana ma ka Neva a hiki i St. Petersburg. Noho ʻo Nerpa ma ke kahakai kahakai a ma ka moana ākea, akā ʻoi mau pinepine ia e noho ma nā lewa, nā pili a me nā waiwai waiwai. ʻAʻole kēia mau ʻano i ka holo maʻamau. I ka hoʻoilo, noho ke hōʻailona i ka hau.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hōʻailona honi
ʻO ka nui o ka hōʻailona hōʻailona, e loaʻa ana ma ke kahakai ʻo Arctic, he liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi - e ulu ana ia i 1,4 mika me ke kaumaha o 70 kg.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke komi ʻia e hoʻopili ʻia ana ʻo ia kekahi o nā sila pono liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomau ka ulu a nā holoholona ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Hōʻikeʻili ka kino o ke holoholona e noho ana i ka wai ma kahi pōkole.
Ua komo koke ke poʻo liʻiliʻi i ke kino, ʻoiai ua ʻuʻuku a mānoanoa ka ʻāʻī. Kēia holoholona like he ʻano pōlima elongated e lele ana ma ka hau.
ʻO ka muzzle o ka hōʻailona hōʻailona ke ʻano like ʻole, a hala nā aniani kukui i loko o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, kokoke i ke kino ʻeleʻele o ka holoholona. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā lauoho pōkole a paʻakikī a hāʻawi i ka inoa i nā ʻano. Ke keʻokeʻo nei ka ʻōpū o ka hōʻailona, eia naʻe kekahi mea i loaʻa i kekahi ʻulaʻulaʻula. ʻAʻohe kaʻaila ākea i ke kala o ka peritoneum a me nā pua.
Hana nā wahine i kahi pūnana mai ka hoʻoilo a ʻike ʻole ia.
ʻO ka hōʻailona alima ka mea kūpono e ʻike ai, a me ka maikaʻi a me ka ʻoluʻolu o ka ʻono. Mahalo i ke aniani momona momona, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka holoholona no ka noho mau ʻana i ka wai anuanu.
ʻO ke kelepona hōʻailona a me ka pono
ʻO ke kelepona hōʻailona, a i ʻole ma nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe - akiba, makemake e noho ma kahi e hemo ana i ka hau i ka nui ma nā helu. No laila, kahi o nā wahi a lākou kahi, kahi holoholona lawe. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo no ka hoʻouluulu a me ka hānai hua keiki pono ʻoe i ka hau māla mauʻu me nā lua (nā lua) i loko o lākou a me nā wai i hiki ai i kahi holoholona i ka wai.
ʻO kahi hōʻailona honi kahi kālaihewa.
ʻAi nā kai i ʻelua mau holoholona o nā holoholona - iʻa a me nā mea kanu. Ke kai ʻo Kara a me nā Bareni, ua haki ka sila hōʻailona no ka polar cod, navaga, capelin a me ka pua. ʻO nā mea crustaceans, makemake ke sila i nā honu, nā ʻoni ʻulaʻula a me nā amphipods. I loko o ke Kai Baltic i ke wela, kaʻai i kaʻai o nā mea i hui pūʻia, sprat, herring, gobies a me cod.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Hōʻailona nā hiku wahine i nā hua mua o kā lākou mau makahiki he 6-7, a hiki i ka wā ʻōpiopio i ka 5-6 makahiki. Ua hānau ʻia nā sila haki no nā lā ma waena o Malaki a hiki i ka waena o ʻApelila.
ʻO ke pēpē hōʻailona poni e hoʻomake i kahi kapa huluhulu keʻokeʻo no ka manawa mua.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana ma kahi o 11 mau mahina, me ka wā latent (2-3 mau mahina). ʻO kahi hōʻailona honi wahine i hoʻokahi litter i loko o ka litter, hiki ke kahakaha i 4 kg, a i ʻole ka hapalua ma ka hapalua mika. Hānau ke pēpē i loko o kahi kaahu keʻokeʻo-hau keʻokeʻo, e waiho ana ma luna o 2 mau pule. A laila ʻoi ka hoʻololi o ka kala o ka huluhulu, a ma hope o ka like o 1.5 mau mahina, ua like ka ʻōmole o ke pēpē i nā wā ʻōpio.
ʻO kahi hōʻailona wahine ma luna o ka hau hau maloʻo, e hana ka lua o ka hau, i ʻike ʻole ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao mai. Ua hānau ʻia kahi ʻōpala liʻiliʻi a ke noho nei ma laila. Mālama ka wahine i ka cub me ka waiū no 1 mahina.
I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i ka nui o ke sila o ka hōʻailona ʻōpio a 12 kg, a he 60 cm ka lōʻihi.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO nā Akibs he mau kohu liʻiliʻi mai ke kala hina i ke kala. Maemele hina ke ʻano o kā lākou pana, a ua ʻulaʻula ʻia ko lākou kua, a loaʻa iā lākou ke ʻano o ke aniani o nā apo liʻiliʻi, no laila, ua loaʻa ko lākou inoa.
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He kino ke kino, pōkole, uhi ʻia me ka lauoho plush. Ua liʻiliʻi ke poʻo, ʻaʻole lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī.
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Loaʻa iā lākou nā kīʻaha nui me ka mānoanoa o ke kumu ʻoi aku ma mua o 2,5 cm, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i kahi o ka lua i loko o ka hau. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hiki i kēlā mau lua ke piʻi i kahi hohonu a hiki iʻelua mau mika.
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Hiki i nā holoholona makua ke lōʻihi o 1.1 a 1,6 m a kaupaona ʻo 50-100 kilograms. E like me nā leona āpau, ua loli like ko lākou kino kino e like me ka manawa. ʻO nā mea kani kani ua momona loa i ka hoʻoilo a ʻoi ka ʻilihune ma ka hopena o ke puna - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, ma hope o ka wā hānau a me ka hoʻoneʻe makahiki. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā male ma mua o nā wahine, a i ka pūnāwai, ke nānā aku nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine ma muli o ka hiona wahine. I kekahi mau manawa o ka makahiki, he paʻakikī lākou e hoʻokaʻawale. I ka wā hānau, nā 60 cm ka lōʻihi o ke kaupaona ʻana a me ke kaupaona ʻana ma o 4,5 kg. Ua uhi ʻia lākou i ka hulu hina hina, ka lika ma ke ʻōpū a ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ke kua. Nā hiʻohiʻona huluhulu me nā makahiki.
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Mahalo i ka hiolo maikaʻi i ulu ʻia, nā ʻono a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana, nā kime nā mea kūpono maikaʻi.
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Mea ʻai
Ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu a me ka wā molting, e hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā sila i hamo i ka loaʻa i ka ʻai. Ua lawe ʻia nā haʻawina lehulehu o kā lākou papaʻai, a, ʻoiai he mau ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi kūwila, e hōʻike ana lākou i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau.
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ʻO ka ʻai nui o kēia mau holoholona ka iʻa, nā ʻano o kekahi ʻāina. Ma ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o nā poʻe he 10-15 me ka mau luna nunui 2-4 i loaʻa i ka papa o ka ʻike o nā sila. Hohi lākou i ka meaʻai liʻiliʻi ma ka nui - a hiki i 15 cm ke lōʻihi, a hiki i 6 cm ākea.
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Hoʻohana pinepine lākou i nā iʻa maʻamau ma mua o nā invertebrates, akā ke koho pinepine ʻia ka koho i ka manawa a me ka nui o ka waiwai o ka mea i lawe ʻia.
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ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka kīʻaha hōʻailona kīkē pū kekahi me nā kīpika kaiʻai, perch, herring a me nā capelin, e waiwai nui i nā wai o ke kai ʻākau.
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ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoholona invertebrate, mea, e kūpono ana i ke kauwela, a makemake i ka ʻai ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpiopio.
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Kanikau
Me ka ʻike ʻole ʻana o ke kanaka e luku ana i kahi hōʻailona paʻa no ka hulu, ka momona a me ka ʻiʻo, ua nui ka ʻenemi i waena o nā holoholona i waena o nā mea kikoʻī o ka Arctic. Eia ma ka wahi mua loa he bea polū. Makemake ʻo Clubfoot e kali i kāna mea ʻānai ma kahi lāʻau ʻala. A ʻo ka ʻike ʻana mai o ka ihu o ka holoholona mai ka wai e hoʻopu ai i ka lako o ka ea, hoʻouka ka wāwae o ka bear i kahi pā ikaika i kona poʻo. Hoʻopuka ka mea predator i kahi hōʻailona weliweli ma ka hau, pau a ʻai i ka ʻai. ʻO nā pōpoki ARctic kahi pōʻino maikaʻi hoʻi. He maikaʻi lākou i ka momona, ke wikiwiki a me ka dexterity. He mau kahu maikaʻi lākou, a he mea paʻakikī loa e pale i kā lākou niho niho.
Hana pū ʻo Orcas i kā lākou koko i ka hana ʻike ʻole. Penei ka poʻe ʻōhua ikaika ma lalo o ka hue wai kō ma luna o kahi i piha ai nā hōʻailona, a kuʻi me nā kino nui a koʻikoʻi. Pio ai ka huli ʻana o ka hau. Loaʻa nā holoholona ʻinoʻino iā lākou iho i ka wai a hāʻule koke i loko o nā waha ākea e hāmama nui ana. Hoʻokomo pū nō hoʻi nā Walruses i nā sila. I waena o lākou he poʻe pilikino koʻikoʻi makemake nui e ʻai i kēia mau holoholona i hānai ʻia.
ʻIke a me nā ponoʻai
Nerpa - kahi o nā kaili liʻiliʻi: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā pākeke a hiki i ka 1.5 m, ke kiʻekiʻe 40-80 kg, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā Spaltic spesial - 140 cm a me 100 kg. ʻO nā meles, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine. He pokole a pokole ke kino o ua sila nei, ua liilii kona poo, ua papalupua kona helehelena, a puupuu a liuliu ka ʻāno e like me ka pau ʻole. He ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi loa ʻo Akiba, ka hoʻolohe a me ke ʻano o ka honi, e kōkua ana i ka holoholona e loaʻa ka ʻai a hūnā i ka manawa mai nā mea predator. Ke hānai nei nā kai i nā crustaceans, mollusks a me nā iʻa (spiny goby, greenland goby, pike, navaga, salmon, salmon).
Ke noho maʻamau
Nā Hono paʻa mai hoʻokaʻawale i nā kolone. ʻO ka pinepine loa, noho hoʻokahi wale nō lākou, ʻoiai ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia nei i kekahi manawa i loko o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole paʻa mau. Hoʻolimalau lākou i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa ma ke kai, kahi mea e hoʻāla maikaʻi ʻia ko lākou kino.
I ke kauwela nā hoʻohe kani ka mea i mālama ʻia ma ka wai kahakai a i kekahi manawa he waihona liʻiliʻi ma luna o nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā mea pebble spits. I ka wā hoʻoilo, ʻoiai ke manu kaʻe ʻana mai o ke kai, ka hapa nui o nā holoholona i waiho i ke kahakai kahakai i ka hohonu o ke kai a hoʻomau i ka hau. Mālama ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona no ka hoʻoilo ma ke kahakai a mālama ʻia i nā paʻakai a me nā uku. I kēia hihia, ʻoiai ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manuahi o ke kai, e hoʻolilo ka sila i nā lua i loko o ka ʻōpio ʻōpiopio - nā lua, kahi e waiho ai i ka wai. Aia nā puka o kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hoʻohana wale nō e hanu ma o lākou. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, kaomi ʻana o ka lua o ka lua ma kahi ʻāpana o ka hau, kahi o ka sila e hana ai i ka lua me ka puka ʻole o ka puka i waho. I kēlā wahi kūpono, hoʻomaha ʻo ia, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia e nā ʻenemi, ʻoi loa nā bea polar. ʻO ka nui o nā hōʻiliʻili o ke sila e ʻike ʻia ma ka pūnāwai e kahe ʻana i ka hau i ka wā o nā ʻōpio, nā molting a me ka hana. He ʻano ʻano pilikino kēia o nā kai o ka Hikina mamao, aia i kahi lā o ka ʻauʻau i ka hau a ʻike ʻoe i nā haneli, a i kekahi manawa mau tausani holoholona. ʻOi aku ka pinepine, e kau ana nā hōʻailona ma nā pūʻulu o nā holoholona 10-20, akā he mau ʻatikala o nā haneli a he nui aku paha.
Helu
Loaʻa ka ʻikepili kahi ākea no nā sila honi i kāʻili ʻia a loiloi ʻia he ʻāpana o ka papa inoa inoa ma ka IUCN Red List no ʻelima mau subspesies. Kuhi ka helu o ka nui o nā mea pākeke a me nā pākuʻi o ka lehulehu no kēlā me kēia mau huaʻōlelo.
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- ʻO ke kani ku i Arctic - 1 450 000, ʻaʻole maopopo ka ʻike,
- ʻO ke kaula hōʻailona Okhotsk - 44 000, ʻaʻole maopopo
- ʻO ke kaula hōʻailona Baltic - 11 500, e hoʻonui i ka heluna o nā kānaka,
- Ladoga - 3000-4500, piʻi i luna
- Saimaa - 135 - 190, he hoʻonui i nā subspecies.
Ma muli o ka nui spatial scale, paʻakikī ke paʻakikī i ka helu kiko o nā subspecies o ka Arctic a Okhotsk. Ke haʻi nei i nā mea he nui, e like me nā noho ākea e noho ʻia nei e ka ʻano, ka poʻe like ʻole ma nā wahi i ʻike ʻia, ka pilina ʻike ʻole ma waena o nā mea nānā a me ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole ʻia, mai ʻae i ka poʻe noiʻi e hoʻokumu i ka helu kūpono.
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Eia naʻe, ʻo ka helu ma luna nei e hōʻike ana ʻoi aku ka nui o nā makahiki makua ma mua o 1.5 miliona, a ʻo ka huina o ka lehulehu ma mua o 3 miliona mau kānaka.
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ʻOi palekana
Ma ke kua o nā bea polar, ka mea e weliweli loa no nā sila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona i lilo i mau walruses, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻūlio, nā alopeke, a me nā manu hani nui a me nā huki nui hoʻi i mālama ʻia i nā pipi.
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Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia ka hoʻoponopono kūlohelohe o ka nui o ka lehulehu i alakaʻi i ka komo ʻana o nā sila i kau ʻia i ka Red Book, akā ʻo ke kumu kanaka. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka palekana o ka mālama ʻana, he nui nā kānaka o ke kūkulu ʻākau a hiki i kēia lā ke hoʻomau nei i nā ʻekena, i mea no ka waiwai a me ka ʻili.
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Ma ka laulā, ʻoiai nā papahana like ʻole, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi papa hoʻokahi i loko o ka pākuʻi, kahi i hiki ai ke hoʻonui ʻia i nā kuahi e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou heluna.