ʻO ka mea kupaianaha: e like me nā helu o nā noiʻi yandex, 6 mai 7 mau mea hoʻohana pūnaewele i komo hewa i ka inoa "Tetrae pili anaDon ". E ka mea heluhelu, ke huki nei au i kou manaʻo i ka mea pili ʻole i ka hewa "Tetradon" (me ka ʻole o "o"). Ka inoa inoa "Tetraodon "(Tetrae pili anahona) mai nā hua ʻōlelo Helene ʻelua: tetra - ʻehā, odontos - niho. Nā. ka loaʻa ʻana i ka iʻa no kēia ʻano ʻanoʻano o ke ʻano ʻehā niho ma nā ʻōpio.
Nui nā loko i nā wīwī kupaianaha o ka holoholona hihiu i kā lākou hohonu. Ua hana nui nā ʻepekema mai, nā mea ʻepekema o ka ʻepekema i ka ʻike a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea like ʻole o ka ʻano ʻano iʻa. ʻO ke kumuhana o kā lākou noiʻi ʻana ʻo ka inoa ʻo Tetraodons no ka ʻohana ʻehāʻehā. Hiki ke ʻike i kēia mau iʻa i ka wai a me nā wai hou o ʻApika, ʻAmelika Hema, Hema a me ʻAsia Hema, a ke aloha nei i nā hopena o nā ʻike ʻepekema i loko o kā mākou mea kanu. ʻO keʻano ʻano maʻamau o kēlā me kēia kanaka o kēia ʻano ʻano me kahi kino liʻiliʻi e like me ka pau nui ma ke poʻo nui me nā maka bulging nui. Hōʻea kēlā me kēia ʻano iʻa me ka apu spike, spike-like, a me ka hala o ka ventral.
Hiki i ke kapa ʻia ʻo Tetraodon ke kapa ʻia kekahi ʻano ʻano iʻa like ʻole, no ka mea, ua uku ʻia ke ʻano i kēia mau kānaka aquatic liʻiliʻi me nā hana palekana pilikino a me kahi pilikino. Hoʻomaopopo i nā hana āpau o nā welo frisky ma ka hana kai i hoʻōla ʻia i nā paikini pectoral ikaika. Me kā lākou kōkua, e like lākou i ka poʻe holo pono, e hōʻeuʻeu i ka mea i hoʻopihapiha me ka uila uila a hōʻike iā lākou i ka make hōʻeha mai nā papa iwi ikaika a paʻa i loko o ka puʻu waha. Hoʻopiha loa kēia ʻano hana kolohe ikaika i ka nalo o nā ʻōpala, nā mollusks a me nā snails, ka ʻiʻo o ka mea nui ka ʻai nui o nā ʻano. Ke hana nei kēia mau poʻomanaʻo o ka honua holoholona i kahi hana maikaʻi loa o ka hana a ka mea wānana, akā mālama pono iā lākou iā lākou iho: hoʻopuni lākou, hoʻopiha i kahi ʻeke kūikawā e waiho pū ana i ka ʻōpū me ka ea a i ka wai, ka loaʻa ʻana o ke ʻano palaka, a no laila e ʻoki ana i nā iʻa nui a me nā manu. ʻO nā pīpī liʻiliʻi o nā unahi, ʻo ia ka mea i loaʻa i kekahi mau iʻa, he ʻano maikaʻi hoʻi ia o ka pale. He mau mea leʻaleʻa ka ʻona a Tetraodon, nā pona a me nā ovaries, a i ʻole ia e ʻai ʻia e ka iʻa, he hopena ʻeha loa i ka nati a me ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, no laila ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻāʻo iā ʻoe i ka pōmaikaʻi a ʻai ʻia.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ia e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻelele o kekahi wahine, i hiki ke kōkua ʻole nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe e like me ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahine a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kala. Aia ma muli o nā ʻano, ʻano lahilahi nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i kekahi mau ala. Holo ka wahine o kekahi mau hua manu, a mālama pono nā kāne i kā lākou, aʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe e waiho wale i kā lākou hua ma ka lalo a i ʻole ka wai wai.
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ua noho paʻa nā tetraodons i kā lākou niche i ka pānaehana aku i ka ʻoihana kūʻai, he mea kupanaha ia, ua loaʻa ka iʻa, ua loaʻa i nā pilikia he nui e mālama ai a mālama ai. ʻOiai ke ʻano nani o ka palaoa, nā kānaka pākeke, no ka hapa nui, he kūkiu i kekahi a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi mau tetraodon he mau predator maoli e ʻai i nā iʻa lohi e ka leʻalolo i nā pua a me nā unahi.
ʻO kekahi pilikia ka mea i ʻike ʻia me nā ʻano wai wai, ʻoiai kekahi o nā ʻelele o ka ʻano ʻano ʻo Tetraodon, he poʻe noho nui nā wai a hiki ʻole ke ola a hānai hou i loko o ka wai wai pū me ka lōʻihi.
Eia nō naʻe, ka manaʻo like ʻole ka maikaʻi o kēia mau iʻa a ke ola wale nō i loko o nā mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe. Kūpono ka huaʻī Tetraodon ma kahi o 110 mau ʻano (www.fishbase.org/), nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka helehelena a me ke ʻano ola.
Aila ʻo Tetraodon
No kahi hiʻohiʻona keu piha loa, pono e noʻonoʻo pono i kekahi mau tetraodons kaawale. Hoʻohala ʻia nā ʻelele maʻamau i ka mākeke. (T. Steindachneri or T. biocellatus) a me ke kai tetraodon ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i ʻole Tetraodon fluviatilis.
ʻO ka loiloi hou a Dekkers i loaʻa i kēlā kanaka tetraodon piula pinepine ʻia i lalo o nā inoa like ʻole e like me T. biocellatus, Crayracion palembangensis, Tetraodon palembangensis a me Tetrodon palembangensis, ʻo ia nā ʻatikala. Noho nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano i ka wai wai o nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā kahe wai o ʻAsia Hūlū, Burma (Myanmar), Thailand, Indonesia a me Sumatra. Nā kuhikuhi wai i ka wai kūlohelohe a inā mālama ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka mea wai i loko o nā waiwai penei: pH 6.7-7.7 (7.0), 5-15 dH (10), 23-28 ° C.
Tetrodon steindachneri (kiʻi: www.thepufferforum.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=460).
Kuhi ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona e kahi kino stocky me kahi lae ākea a me nā maka convex nui. ʻO kā kā lāua caudal fin kaʻaleʻa. Hoʻopaʻa ka ʻili a uhi ʻia me nā pīpī liʻiliʻi. I ka holo ʻana o ka tetraodons, kū ka lāʻau i nā ʻōkuhi āpau a hana i ka iʻa "indigestible." ʻO ke kino o Tetrodon steindachneri i hilinaʻi nui i ka makahiki a he mea kū hoʻokahi kēlā me kēia kanaka. He keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, aʻo nā ʻāpana o ke kino o luna a me nā palahiki e like me ka mālamalama a me ka brown brown. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke kino i uhi ʻia me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka melemele, ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona, nā laina, nā laina a me nā pōkole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia. ʻAno ke kala o ka iris ʻokoʻa a ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo kā ste steachneri e ulu a hiki i 10 cm. I ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, kū mai ka wahine me kahi kino nui. ʻAʻole e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia he mau hihia pio i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no kēia ʻano; he laha paha kēia me ka ʻano ʻano like me T. nigroviridis.
Hoʻololi nā mākaʻi o T. steindachneri, hoʻomāhuahua ʻole i nā ʻelele o ko lākou ʻohana, pinepine ke kaua a me ka pahu ʻo nā pua o ka lohi. Manaʻo ʻia e mālama pū me nā iʻa ikaika nimble, e like me nā bots, barbs, zebrafish, gourami, saluran wai ʻeu. Ma ka meaʻai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā kaaniani, tubifex, crustaceans, nā pūnana pepeke, lepo.
Tetraodon fluviatilis
Green, or river, tetraodon (Tetraodon fluviatilis) mai ʻĀsia Hema (India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar a me Borneo. Hoʻokomo ʻia ma Mekong Delta). Ma ka hapanui noho lākou ma ke kahawai kahawai a ma ka palena o ka wai o ka muliwai, e hoʻopili kokoke ana i ka wai paʻakai. ʻAno pāpaʻi-ʻalani a ʻāhinahina ka lōʻihi o ka ʻumi a 17 cm ka lōʻihi a ma ka hope a me nā ʻaoʻao he nui nā lāʻau ʻoliva-ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻulaʻula paha, māmā ka ʻōpū. Ke hānai nei lākou i nā mollusks, crustaceans a me nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe, a me nā mea detritus a me nā mea kanu vascular. Ke kū nei ka manawa, e kuʻi i ka unahi a me nā ʻala o ka iʻa. ʻO nā mea ikaika a me nā pā o nā ʻāpana o ke kino he mea ʻona loa. Wahi a ka moʻomeheu i ka ʻano o nā tetraodons āpau, he lapuwale loa a me ka ulu wale. Aia i ka hoʻopōmaikaʻi a hiki i 700 huaʻai, ʻaʻole mālama i ka caviar.
ʻElua mau subspecies ʻo Green tetraodon: Tetraodon fluviatilis fluviatilis a me Tetraodon fluviatilis sabahensis (loaʻa i ka inoa kahi inoa mai ka inoa o ka mokuʻu ʻo Sabah ma ka ʻākau ʻākau o Borneo). Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻōpū āpau e nā ʻoka ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe e holo ana ma hope o ke kua.
ʻO ka pinepine, ua hilahila ka tetraodon ʻōpiopio me ka hiʻohiʻona o Tetraodon nigroviridis, kahi i pena ʻia i kahi hiʻohiʻo.
Ua hoʻopio kēia wikiō i nā poʻe o nā ʻano Tetraodon fluviatilis a me Tetraodon nigroviridis. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma ka hiʻohiʻona kala ma ka maka.
Hoʻaiho
Hoʻomaka i ka mokupuni o Borneo (Kalimantan) a loaʻa wale ʻia i ka ʻāpana ʻākau, e pili ana iā Malaysia, i loko o nā pa o nā kahawai ʻo Rajang a me Sungai. Noho ia ma nā wahi me kahi papa lohi. Hōʻike ʻia ka nohona kūlohelohe i ka nui o ka wai a me nā wai hoʻōki i wai kahakai.
ʻKuhi ʻōlelo pōkole:
Tetraodon nigroviridis
ʻO ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana o kēia ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole paha, hiki wale nō i ka wai ʻono. Hana nā mea hana i nā spawning ma luna o ka pōhaku. A laila, aia nā kāne i ka manawa holoʻokoʻa o ka hua o ka hua ma ka nui o 200-300 ʻōpio e pale i ka hua mai nā poʻe e makemake e ʻai i ka make i ka pōʻaihewa e nā mea kauhele. Ma hope o 3-8 mau lā, kū ʻia nā ulule. Ma kahi o 8 mau lā ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻoneʻe nā kāne i ka hua i loko o nā lua i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Hoʻokomo i ka palaoa i ka wā mua i nā pilikia, no ka mea, he pala i ka meaʻai i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka Artemia nauplii ka meaʻai kūpono loa.
E hānai ana i ka ʻōpio ʻo Tetraodon nigroviridis, Pepeluali 6, 2006, (kiʻi: Tyler Jones).
ʻO Tetraodon nigroviridis he mau mālamalama akamai loa o kā lākou make iho. I ka ʻike ʻana aku o ka iʻa nei, ʻaʻole ia e kahe wale ʻana e like me ke paluna, akā huli pū kekahi me kona ʻōpū i luna a pihi i ka wai o ka wai, ke hoʻohālike ua make. No laila, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo ia i kekahi manawa i ka make maoli.
Trant Tetraodon lorteti
ʻO kekahi mea ʻelima o ka wai kai ma Asia ka tetraodon dwarf a i ʻole nā ʻulaʻula, nona ka inoa ʻepekema Trant Tetraodon lortetiua hōʻoia ʻia e ka loiloi o 1975. Pālahalaha ʻia ma Indochina, Indonesia a me ʻĀsia, ua noho ia i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā wahi o ka wai me nā wai kū me ka wai kūpaʻa (kūmole wai: 24 temperatura ° C, pH 6.0-7.5, dH 3-10). Ua liʻiliʻi ka iʻa, ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kāne pākeke ma 6 henimita. Hiki i ka hoʻololi ke kala kūlike i ke kaiapuni. Hōʻike maoli kēia ʻano holoholona i nā ʻano dimorphism, nā wahine a me nā kāne i wehewehe like ʻia me nā ʻano like ʻole. Ke ʻoi aku ka hoʻonaninani ʻo ke kāne, aia ka ʻulaʻula, a me ke keʻokeʻo caudal i hoʻonani ʻia me ka palena keʻokeʻo a me nā kiʻekiʻe ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi i ke alo o ke kua a me ka ʻōpū, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma muli o ke hoʻopalapula o ke kino. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka wahine.
Dwarf tetraodon (Tetraodon lorteti Tirant). ʻO ke kāne ma ka hema, wahine ma ka ʻaoʻao hema (Photo: www.fishlore.com/aquariummagazine/sept09/red-eye-puffer.htm).
Maʻa pinepine ka maʻi ma nā ʻano hana. Pono ka spawning kūleʻa i ka wai momona, ka wai paʻakai (pH 6-6.5) me kahi mahana o 26-28 ° C a me ka nui o nā mollusks a me nā snails e like me ka meaʻai ola. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i nā hua he haneli ma ka pahu wai a i ʻole nā mea kanu kokoke, a laila hoʻomaka ka kāne e hoʻokuke aku iā ia mai ka masonry. I ka i loko, ua kūleʻa maikaʻi ʻia ka moss Java me ka substrate. Pahi ke ʻano o ka lolo ma hope o 30 mau hola, ma hope o nā lā 5-7, e hoʻomaka ana ka moa. Pono e hoʻihoʻi koke i nā mea kolo mai ka ʻōpio, no ka mea hoʻomaka lākou e hānai i ka palaoa.
Hoʻopau nā kānaka pākeke i ka wikiwiki o ka mālamalama i nā snails i ko lākou home, a e hānai pū i nā crustaceans a me nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi ma waena o ka tetraodone dwarf mai nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia e lele i ka iʻa e noho ana ma kahi kokoke, akā e hānai nui ana i nā mollusks.
Lei lei Tetraodon
Lei lei Tetraodon
ʻO ko maʻamau ma Thailand a me India, iʻa Lei lei Tetraodon (Tetraodon fangi) (kiʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao www.zoodrug.ru/topic1536.html) e hōʻike ʻia ana e kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hoihoi, ʻo kona kornea he mau semicircular ʻano a protrudes i mua loa, hiki i nā maka nui ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa. Ma kahi kokoke i nā pupu diona a me nā dorsal, aia i ka pae o ka huʻu, aia kahi wahi liʻiliʻi ma kahi kikowaena ulaula. Pole ke kino, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 6 cm lōʻihi. ʻO ka ʻōpū he kala melemele-kālā, aʻo ke kua ke kua he-brownish. Ma ke kino ke kū nei i kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻeleʻele brown. I ka wā spawning, loaʻa i ka huina male ke kala i kahi ʻulaʻula. ʻOi aku ka wahine nui a ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ke kāne. Loaʻa lākou i ka wā puberty ma o 2 mau makahiki. ʻO nā palena o ka wai me nā kikoʻī: mahana 24-26 ° C, dGH 8-16 °, pH 6.8-7.6, paʻakai 3-5%.
I ka hōʻike i ka ʻākau, ʻo Chonerhinus modus a me Chonerhinus naritus.
Ma nā waena ma waena o nā kahe nui o ʻAmelika Hema (Thailand, Malaysia a me Indonesia), ke noho nei nā tetraodon me ka ʻole o nā kiʻi i ke kino. Pākuʻi kēia Ola Nui Chonerin (Chonerhinus modus) a Bronze Chonerin (Chonerhinus naritus).
He kino elongated ke gula chonerin, he lei gula ʻulaʻula hoʻi i ke kua, e lilo i ʻāpana māmā i ka ʻōpū. Hoʻololi loa nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano i ka tetraodons, akā he nuona nō hoʻi, he pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka wā e koho ai i nā hoalauna. Ke ulu nei lākou i ka 11 cm me kahi makana ola nui a hiki i ka 10 mau makahiki. Hoʻohālike ka meaʻai i ka tetraodones. He like me ke gula Bronze honerin, he ʻula kala kala o ke kua. ʻAʻole ʻano like nā iwi ʻelua i ka aquarium.
Tetraodon cutcutia
Kutkutia, a i ʻole Tetraodon cutcutiaUa pālahalaha nui ʻia i nā kēnā wai, nā loko, nā muliwai o Ceylon, India, Burma, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka a me Malaysia. Nā hōʻailona wai i ka wai: ke aniani 23 - 26C, pH: 6.0 - 7.8, dH: 10. Manaʻo nā mea kū hoʻokahi i 15 cm, akā ma mua o ʻaʻole he 10 cm.
Kutkutia Tetraodon (kiʻi: www.tsamisaquarium.gr/Selides/Fish/tetraodon_cutcutia.htm).
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka hiʻohiʻona ka dimorphism ka wahine: ʻoi aku ka melemele o nā wahine, a ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā kāne. ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono i ka kāne, i ka wā hala, loaʻa ka ʻili i kahi kalaʻula ʻulaʻula, e kōkua ai i maopopo iā ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka iʻa. Hoʻopau ka spawning ma kahi papahele, a ma hope o ke kiaʻi ʻana o ke kāne i ka masonry. Fry hatch ma hope o 7-10 lā. ʻO ka huhū a me ka meaʻai e like me nā lālā o nā lālā āpau.
ʻAʻole ʻilihua ʻo ʻAmelika i nā lālā o ka ʻohana ʻehā ʻOhoth, ʻekolu wale nō nā ʻohana i laila: Nile tetraodon (Tetraodon fahaka), tetraodon Mbu (Tetraodon Mbu) a me nā tetraodon ulaula (Tetraodon miurus).
Tetraodon fahaka
Tetraodon fahaka, a i ʻole ʻo Fahak, nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa: hiki i ka lōʻihi o kona kino ke hiki i 40 mau kenimika. Noho ia ma kahi ākea nui mai ke komohana o ʻAmelika a i ka Nile, ʻo ia hoʻi o ka Nile, ke kīʻaha o ka Chad, Niger, Volta, Gambia, Senegal a me Hebe. Nā waiwai wai: mahana 24 - 27 ° C, pH 7.0.
He ʻano kai make nui nā Nile tetraodon, makemake lākou e pāheu i ka ʻāina i ka wā o ka hopu. Ma muli o kona nui, loaʻa i nā nui aquariums. ʻAi nā ʻelemakule i nā honu, ke kōpake, a me ka iʻa e like me ka meaʻai.
Nile tetraodon. Lā 10 cm.
ʻO keʻano
He lōʻihi ka pākeke o nā pākeke i ka lōʻihi o ka 4-5 cm.ʻomaʻo kahi moʻomeheu ikaika i hōʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻike nā kāne a me nā wahine. Loaʻa ka iʻa i ke kino oval a me nā limena liʻiliʻi. ʻĀkala ke kala me ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo. Ma ke poʻo he mau ʻōwili lahilahi e like me ke kūlike. ʻUlaʻula nā maka.
E like me nā puffers āpau, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi nā iʻa ma ke kino. Ma ke ʻano ʻo ka pōʻino, ʻāwele ka iʻa i ke kī ʻana, e huli ana i kahi pōpō me nā pāpuhi protruding. E like me kēia, ua lilo ka ʻāpana o ka huaʻōlelo o ka Bornean tetradon.
Tetraodon mbu
ʻO kekahi wahine nui ʻehā ʻehā nui tetraodon mbunoho ana ma waena waena a pae lalo o ka muliwai Zaire. Ma ka nohona kūlohelohe hiki i 75 kenimika. ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia ʻano ʻano heʻano like ʻole lākou, makemake lākou e eli i nā lua i loko o ka ʻatikuna, ma laila lākou e moe ai. ʻAi lākou i ka honu, nā ʻalaka, a me nā ʻawaʻawa, a i kekahi manawa ke ʻai i nā meaʻai kanu (kāloti, lettuce). ʻO kahi uluʻike e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he mea kū hoʻokahi no kekahi kanaka.
Tetraodon MBU (Photo: www.kugelfischwelt.de).
ʻAi ʻo Tetraodon Mbu i ke kanesa.
Mea ʻai
Ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke ʻano o ke kaha o ke kuʻuna o ka waha i loko o kahi e like me ka beak, kahi i ʻelua o nā iwi iwi i ulu ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ke ʻano kūlohelohe, hānai ka iʻa i nā snails, bivalves, crustaceans, like crabs and shrimps, me ka algae, kahi i kālai mai ka ihu o nā pōhaku. I loko o kahi hale home, pono ke kūpono ka ʻai. Inā ʻaʻohe ʻaiʻai i ka mea ʻai, a laila ʻaʻole e kāʻili ʻia ka "beak" a hiki i kēia ke pilikia i ka ʻai.
ʻO ka nui o ka molaki ʻana no ka iʻa hoʻokahi e hoʻomaka ana mai ka 60 lita. Hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o nā mea kanu aku a me nā pā hale like ʻole i nā ʻano hana i loko o ka hoʻolālā. He mea pono ia e mālama i kahi lāʻau kūlohelohe e lilo i kahua maikaʻi no ka ulu kūlohelohe o kahi ulu algae - kahi kumu ʻai hou no ka teteone ʻo Borney. E hāʻawi i ka wai i kahi pākū waiʻona, waiho ʻia nā lau almond a i ʻole ka ʻāʻEulopa i ka lalo. E maloʻo mua nā lau a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o lākou e poholo. Ke hoʻoholo nei, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā tannins a me nā ʻano tannins. ʻO ia ka poʻe e hāʻawi i kahi pale iʻa i ka wai.
Ke kākoʻo ʻia ka wai o ka wai kiʻekiʻe e kahi ʻōnaehana filtration huaola a me nā hana mālama mālama aku ʻo ka aku: ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka lepo a me nā mea hoʻololi, hoʻohuli i kahi ʻāpana o ka wai me ka wai o ka wai, ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻike o nā mea ʻeha (nitrites, nitrates, a laila.).
Miurus Tetraodon
Tula redra tetraodon, a i ʻole Miurus Tetraodon, ʻo ka mea e noho ana ma ka muliwai Zaire, e hoʻohālikelike ana i ka ʻā o ke kai, ma muli o kona ʻano ʻihi. ʻAʻole kūpono ke poʻo o kēia tetraodon i ka nui a noho i ka hapakolu o kona kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi ʻano like o Tetraodon miurus ʻo ia kona hiʻohiʻona a hiki i nā poʻe loea ʻaʻole loea e hōʻike ʻē aʻe i nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano mai nā tetraodons ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka iʻa, ʻaʻole ia ka nui loa o ka nui (ʻo ka lōʻihi loa o kona kino a hiki i 15 cm), e hoʻāliʻi pinepine a mālama ʻo ia i kona kūlana ma mua. Ke mālama ʻia nei i loko o kahi kaakūkini, e koi nui kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka lepo (6 cm), no ka mea, ʻo ka poʻe e makemake e ʻeli e kali no ka hopu ʻana. I kahi pahu kanu, nā tetraodon nei, ke kanu ʻia, ʻano like me kahi lāʻau ulaula. Aia i ke kūlana, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ke kala mai ka ʻulaʻula māmā a i ka ʻulaʻula. Nā hōʻailona wai no nā ʻano: 24-28 ° C, pH 6.8-7.5, 10-15 ° H.
Miurus Tetraodon (kiʻi: www.free-pet-wallpapers.com/Aquarium-fish-pet-wallpapers/Freshwater-fish/Tetraodon-miurus-Congo-puffer.html).
Tetraodon schoutedeni
Tetraodon schoutedeni (Pellegrin, 1926), ma kekahi ala, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka lepera tetraodon, a i ʻole sharotel, e noho ana i ka wai o ka ʻū o ke kahawai ʻo Kongo. Leopala - ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia inoa i kahi iʻa wai wai no ke kumu, no ka mea, he maoli maoli nā kā nā lālā o kēia ʻano ʻano i ke ʻano o nā holoholona hihiu maikaʻi: uhi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa me nā ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka nui o kahi pākeke i ka wā ʻōpiopio a hiki i 10 kenimika. Kūpono lākou i ka lōkihi i nā ʻaoʻao o luna o ka wai. I ka manawa o kēia manawa, ua hoʻopili ka wahine i nā hua i nā mea kanu aku, me ka palū o lākou. Ma nā huakaʻi holoʻokoʻa, ua maluhia ʻo ka mea ola, a heʻi wale nō i ke kaua i ka wā e ʻike ai ʻo ia i kahi hoʻāʻo ma kona wahi.
Leopona tetraodon (kiʻi: atlas.drpez.org/Tetraodon-schoutedeni-fotos/aaa, Jorge las Heras).
ʻO ka ʻāina hope loa kahi e ma vivo, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia iʻa manuahi ʻo ʻAmelika Hema. Aia nā iʻa e ola ai me ka inoa kupaianaha o ka ʻapo pufferfish, a i ʻole ʻO nā pāpale psomesus. ^ E Ha yM. Loaʻa kēia kuhihewa i ka 20-30 sentimita ka lōʻihi a ua like nō ia me kona hoahānau Asia, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Chelonodon patoca.
Ua hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea hoʻomā Lūkini ko lākou e hānai i kēia mau mea ʻōpiopio liʻiliʻi ma ka home i 1910. Ma loko o nā 100 o nā ʻano tetraodons e noho nei i loko o ke ʻano ma ka noho pio ʻana, ma kahi o 10 e ʻike maikaʻi i ka noho pio ʻana. ʻO ka iʻa e hiki ai ke noho i nā kūlana i hana ʻia e nā kānaka me Kutkut, nā kukui, nā leopona a me nā tetraodons Thai. Pono nā poʻe hoʻomaka e makemake e hoʻohālikelike i ka iʻa exotic e hoʻomākaukau pono i ka noho no kā lākou mau holoholona e hiki mai ana. Hoʻomihala mua ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka noho ʻana o ka tetraodons iā lākou iho i ke pio ʻana, a hāʻawi i ko lākou ʻano predatory, e kōkua ʻia ke pale ʻana i nā hopena kūpono ʻole no nā ʻelele o nā ʻano genera e noho ana i loko o ka aku. Nui nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo mai nā loea e loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hana ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia ʻano ma ka noho pio ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea huna o ka hānau ʻana tetraodon, a me nā manaʻo manaʻo no ka mālama pono ʻana iā lākou.
ʻO ka hanana nui a koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi e hoʻomākaukau ai i kahi mea i loko. Hāʻawi ʻia i ke ʻano ikaika o tetraodons, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka aquarium i kahi kūpono e mālama ai iā lākou. I loko o ia mea hoʻonaninani, ʻaʻole like me kahi mea hoʻonani, ua koho ʻia nā ʻelele o kekahi mau ʻano i kekahi helu palena. Mahalo i ka hana ʻana i nā kūlana kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka iʻa, loaʻa i ka poʻe aquarist ka nānā i nā hiʻohiʻona o kā lākou ʻano i ka wā e hānai ana, mālama a mālama pono i ka kō. Loaʻa nā mea noi i nā holoholona manuahi i kahi ala maikaʻi loa e wehe ai i nā snails pono ʻole i loko o nā mea kanu i hui ʻia: ua hoʻolilo lākou i ka tetraodon i kāna mau kānaka no ka manawa pōkole. Ma hope o ka ʻoli ʻana i ka iʻa karnivorous ma kā lākou pāʻai punahele punahele, neʻeneʻe wale lākou mai ka aku aku a hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻuʻupu a mollusk mai lalo. Ke haʻalele nei i ka tetraodon me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe he pōʻino no ka manawa lōʻihi, no ka mea ma hope o ka luku ʻana i nā sna, hoʻomaka ka iʻa i ka waiwai o ko lākou mau hoalauna i ka aquarium.
No ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā tetraodons i nā kūlana ola kūpono, pono ʻoe e kau i kahi ʻohana liʻiliʻi o 8-10 i loko o kahi pahu aku nui nui me ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi o 100 lita. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ka waihona kūlohelohe no nā tetradons e pono me nā pōhaku o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hale āpau o lākou. Kūpono kekahi mau mea pili o nā ʻano i ka hua manu i loko o kēia mau kūkulu pōhaku. ʻOiai ke ʻano ʻole o ka like ʻole o kā mākou mea ʻola i kēia ʻano, he mau manawa o ka ulu ʻana. Hōʻike ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo kahi ʻano o ka mea maikaʻi aku kahi wahi kūpono e mālama ai i kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi, akā ma ke ʻano hoʻokahi: pono e nui nā wahi no ka hoʻokaʻawale o kēlā me kēia iʻa, ʻo ia mau mea pale e kōkua e pale i ka cannibalism. Ke hoʻopau nei i kahi o ka nohona o nā holoholona, mai hana pākuʻi me nā mea kanu, ua lawa lawa no ke kahele ʻana iā lākou ma nā kihi o ka hale aku o ka aku.
I ka nohona maoli o nā tetraodons, ʻo ka mahana o ka wai i nā wai wai he 22-26 mau kekona, kēlā, pono e pili pono i kēia noho wela. He mea minamina loa nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano i ka nitrites a me ka ammonia, no laila e pono ʻoe e kiaʻi pono i ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻololi ia i kēlā me kēia pule i ka 15-20%. ʻAʻole e hoʻopihapiha i ka aquarium i kahi wai palupalu a i ʻole paha ka wai paʻakai. He meaʻoluʻolu ia no nā iʻa, inā ʻoe e hoʻohui i ka paʻakai o laila i loko o kahi hiʻona: 1 punetēpapa no kēlā me kēia 10 lita wai. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ʻo ka paʻakai ka wai no ka pale ʻia nō hoʻi. I nā poʻe e noho nei ma ka wai paʻakai iki, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka pilikia o ka maʻi.
I nā aquariums, kahi waiwai koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ke kākoʻo ola he filtration. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka poʻe noho o ka wai i nā protein, aia ma ke ʻano i hoʻoilo ʻia e ka iʻa ke kumu nui o ka hoʻomake wai. ʻO kahi mua ma kahi kūpono kūpono o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai e hoʻāla e carbon. ʻO ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā kūlana no ke ola o tetraodons i ka hoʻopio e mālama ʻia e ke kukui ʻana o ka aku. Pono kokoke i ka mālamalama kūlohelohe a i ʻole hihia māmā.
Nā ʻano ʻano Pufferfish
Ma waena o nā puffers, ʻike wai ʻole ʻia ka wai a me ka moana, liʻiliʻi e like me ka Tetraodon ulaula a nui paha, e like me ka pufferfish, ka lawena, aloha ʻole a pulu paha.
ʻO ka poʻe makemake e loaʻa i ka iʻa exotic, ʻoi ʻia ka mea e nānā pono i nā ʻano:
- Tetraodon fluviatilis (puaʻa puʻu). Loaʻa i kahi kala melemele nani me kahi paʻi o nā kālala, a ua hoʻonani ʻia nā ʻaoʻao a i hope me nā ʻeleʻele nui. E like me nā iʻa puffer āpau, he thermophilic (ola i ka wai 24-27 ° C). ʻO ka nui o ka pākeke ka lōʻihi o 10 cm.ʻO ka mea hoʻonani o ka iʻa ka māhuahua aʻe o ka huhū, ʻokiʻoki i ka ʻili e ulu ana ʻo ia.
![](http://img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/3021/riba-iglobryux-polnaya-F0A44.jpg)
- ʻO nā miurus Tetraodon (ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula - ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, he ʻeleʻele uliuli i ka ʻili. Noho kēia holoholona i nā wai paʻakikī hou a ulu i ka 15 cm.
- ʻO Canthigaster valentini (kahi'āpana ʻeleʻele) - ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka neʻe ʻana mai o nā pua wale nō, akā he mau ʻōniʻuli pōkole kekahi ma ke kua, he ʻele melemele lahilahi. ʻO ia ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike, hiki ke hele pū me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi i ka hewa. E like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, makemake ʻia i ka mahana (a hiki i ka 27˚С) wai.
Star Pufferfish - Arotron
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻelele makamae o nā ʻano ʻano puʻupuʻu puʻu e kūlike ai ka hōkū. ʻO ka nui o ka iʻa he 60 cm, ʻo ka nui ka 120 cm.ʻO ka pufferfish e uliʻelima ʻana i ka hōkū, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a i uhi ʻia me nā kaʻina hana liʻiliʻi. He akua akua nā iʻa no nā mākaʻi. Hūnā ʻia ʻo Arotron mai ka huki ʻana i nā maka i ka hohonu a hiki i 60 m, no laila ʻaʻole makaʻu ke nānā o ke kolu a me nā kāmelo.
Hānai
I mea no ka tetraodon ʻaʻole e ʻai i ko lākou poʻe hoahānau a i ʻole nā hoalauna ma ka ʻolumola, ʻaʻole e hānai iā lākou i ka meaʻai maloʻo, ʻike lākou i ka meaʻai ʻai. ʻO ke kūpono, a ʻapu ʻia a ʻāʻoki ʻia a i ʻole nā ʻili kōpaʻa, ʻai ʻiʻo pipi i ka mea ʻai ke ʻai ʻia me ka meaʻai ola: palaoa Mai poina e pili ana i nā mollusks, nā mea tetraodons e ʻai ai me ka leʻaleʻa maikaʻi, no ka mea, ʻaʻole lākou e makemake i ka ʻai wale i nā snails, akā ke ʻano o ka puhi pū ʻana. Ma ka eli ʻana i ka ipu, holoi nā tetraodons i ko lākou ulu mau ʻana i nā papa dental koʻikoʻi. Kuhi ʻia nā lawelawe o ka meaʻai ʻai e like me ka nui o ka poʻe e noho ana i ka ʻoleki.
Akā ʻo ka mea noho maluhia loa o ka wai hoʻōla wai ka leopona tetraodon. ʻO nā kāne, ka mea ma ke ʻano maoli, he manaʻo no ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻohana, a ʻo ka hapanui o ka hua, ʻaʻole lākou o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka poʻe o ka māhu e noho kokoke mai nei.
Haʻa puʻa Japanese
ʻO nā puffuff puffer i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mea ʻono loa. ʻO kekahi inoa inoa ʻo "ka make-iʻa", ʻoiai ma ka 60% o nā hihia o ka hōʻono ua make ka mea make.
Wahi a nā gourmets, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻono o ka mea laikini maikaʻi me kekahi mea. Ke hoʻāʻo nei i ka fugue 1 manawa, aia kahi makemake i hikiʻole ke hoʻāʻo hou i nā mea hou aʻe. ʻO ke kumu o ke kīʻaha e pili ana i 500-1000. e. Hoʻokomo wale ʻia ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana i nā chef. No ka loaʻa iā ia, ʻo ka poʻe e makemake i nā papa kūikawā, ma ka hopena o kahi kaule e kali iā lākou: e ʻoki i ka puffer a kuke sashimi. Inā ʻoe e kuhi hewa, pono ʻoe e kali no 2 mau makahiki e hana hou i ka hōʻike.
ʻO ka palalelo kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o ka iʻa
ʻO ka ʻai pufferfish he pilikia no ke ola. ʻO ka hapa nui loa ka ʻona, ka ʻili, ka iʻa, akā, ʻaʻole kēia ke manaʻo i ka la me ka loaʻa ʻole. Loaʻa ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia, akā i nā palapala liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻāpana.
He mea nui loa ia e kuke pono i ka pu pu
Ke komo ka iʻa i loko, hoʻomaka ka hana a kahi aʻa nerve ikaika. ʻO ka mea mua, manaʻo ka mea make i ka palu o ka leʻalā, a laila paʻa wale kona mau maka a paʻa ka hanu.
ʻO nā ʻōlelo mālama mālama home
Ma o nā niho koʻikoʻi a me nā hiʻohiʻona formidable, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi wānana i ka pufferfish. No laila, ʻaʻole i ʻeha ka poʻe noho ʻē aʻe o ka hale aku, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e kau i ka pā hoʻokaʻawale a kau i ka puffer paha i loko o kekahi pahu.
E ʻoluʻolu ka pufferfish i loko o kahi hale aku o ka nui hoihoi - ma kahi o 200 lita. I kēia hihia, pono ʻoe e mālama i ka mahana, ʻoiai ua ʻū nā pufferfish i ka wai 23-30˚С.
No ka puffer, mea nui ka maikaʻi o ka wai. Noho kekahi mau ʻano i nā wai ʻuʻuku ʻona. Pono ka pH ma waena o 7-8 a me ka paʻakikī i ka 2.4 a me ka 5 mEq / L. I mea e hōʻemi ai i ka ʻoi ʻole, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolapalapa i ka wai a kū paha no nā lā he nui a kahe wale paha ma luna o ka papu luna. No ka hoʻonui i ka hoʻopaʻi - hoʻohui i ka calcium a i ʻole ka magnesium chloride, soda (1 tsp. I 50 l) i ka wai a waiho i ka lalo i nā corals, rapana shells.
He kūpono ke one coarse no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana. ʻO ke aloha nui o ka eli ʻana i loko, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "architects" no kā lākou hoʻohui ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pōpō lae o ka moana. No laila, ʻo ka pufferfish keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka pūnana a huki i ka nānā ʻana o nā wahine i mākaukau e hoʻomau i ka ʻōnaehana me kahi mea aloha aliʻi.
Ua waiho ʻia nā lāle ma ka lalo o ka hale o ka aku
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka noho ʻana o nā iʻa me nā mea kanu kahe. Inā kanu ʻia nā kumu o ke algae ma ke one, e huki koke nā pufferfish.
ʻAiʻai meaʻai
He ʻōpala nui ka iʻa. Kui ko lākou mau niho i nā papa 4 monolithic a hiki iā lākou ke hānai i nā waʻa lawaiʻa. ʻO Pufferfish ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "ʻehāʻehā mau pipi ʻae" (lat. Tetraodontidae). Kūpono ka poʻe kūlohelohe a koi pono i ka hānai mau.
ʻO ka kīʻaha kaʻai nui e ʻai ai i nā meaʻai ola, nā mea ʻalapona, ka honu, ka ʻula, ka ʻulaʻula a me nā hedgehog, kōpī, nā ʻāpana o ka iʻa, mussels, ka mea minced Ke hoʻohana nei i ka plankton maloʻo, pono mua ka lūlū. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka meaʻai no nā mea kanu.
Ke ulu mau nei nā niho Puffer, no laila, ʻo ka ʻai paʻa ka mea pono pono no ka hana ʻana iā lākou.
Kahi mau kiʻi maoli - pua i loko o ka halewai
No ka hānai i ka pufferfish i ka pio ʻana, pono e hana ʻia nā kūlana e pono ai:
- kuai i ka hale manawaleʻa i hoʻokaʻawale me kahi hiki o 100 lita.
- hoʻohuihui i nā wahi i neʻe ʻia -
- mea kanu me nā lau paʻakikī,
- kali i ka ʻae ʻana o nā hua.
![](http://img.thinkfirsttahoe.org/img/imag-2020/3021/riba-iglobryux-polnaya-5CDBF.jpg)
ʻO ka mea mua, pākuhi ka poʻe like me kēlā me kēia: hele i nā pōkiʻi ma ka lalo, e ʻāwili i ko lākou hoa ma ka papalina. A laila hoʻopaʻa ʻo ka wahine i nā hua he 300 a kau i luna o nā pōhaku ʻalohi, ka mea hānai a ke kāne. A laila, pono e lawe ʻia ka wahine mai nā kumu pala, a e waiho ʻia ka hua me ka makua kāne. I ka pōʻino mua, mālama ʻo ia i nā hua, e huapau ana ma ke ʻano o kahi pōpō.
Ma hope o nā lā he 6-8, e kū ʻia ana nā larvae, kahi e hoʻoliʻi maikaʻi aku ai ke kāne i kahi lua i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a mālama pono a hoʻomaka ka hana ʻai ponoʻī.
ʻOiai ka paʻakikī o ka ulu ʻana, e noho ana ka iʻa o ka ʻohana pu pu ʻawe i nā punahele o nā mea ʻoki a hiki i ke ʻano he ʻano maʻamau, a manu maoli ka makaʻu. Akā, ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe pinepine i ka pufferfish i ke kāʻei o ka palaka palaka, i kēia manawa e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ka holoholona.
Paakai Pōʻaʻo
Noho ka hapanui o nā ʻano he kai i loko o ka wai a i ʻole ke kapaha mai ka wai, akā ke noho nei kekahi ma ka wai hou. Ma kahi o 35 mau ʻano e hoʻopau i ko lākou holoʻokoʻa ola holoʻokoʻa i ka wai hou. Kēia mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo kai i loaʻa i kēia mau wahi ma ka ʻāina ʻ tropicallepika o ʻAmelika Hema (Colomesus asellus), ʻApika (ʻeono mau ʻano Tetraodon), a me ʻAsia Hikina (Auriglobus, Carinotetraodon, Dichotomyctere, Leiodon, a me Pao).
ʻO ka poʻe e noho nei i nā wai hou, ʻo ia nō nā mahele nui o ka genus pufferfish (Tetraodon): fahak (T. fahaka) - ola i ka Nile, Niger, Lake Chad, MBU (T. mbu) - ka palena haʻahaʻa a me nā waena waena o ka muliwai Kongo, ʻehiku mau ʻano o ka pufferfish wai piha i noho i loko o nā wai o ke Komohana Komohana a me nā kahiki ʻo ʻAmelika Hema, a me ka Amazon hoʻi. ʻO nā pufferfish wai nui he nui i lilo i mea punahele no ka punaʻi.
ʻUla
Nui nā ʻano o ka ʻohana pufferfish i mea ʻala. Loaʻa nā palu i ka ʻili, peritoneum a me kekahi mau mea o loko o ka iʻa - ke akeʻa, ka ʻili, nā gonads, ka caviar. ʻO ka mea pōʻino loa iā lākou he tetrodotoxin, ʻo ia ka ikaika ikaika o nā mea kanu a keu. Inā komo ia i ka hana kūwili ʻana, hōʻeha ia i ka ʻeha nui, hoʻokūkū a maʻamau ke alakaʻi i ka make.
ʻO nā wehewehe mua o nā hōʻailona o ka make lāʻau tetrodotoxin i hāʻawi ʻia i kāna diary e ka mea hoʻokele Pelekane James Cook. Ua hānai nā kai maoli ʻo New Caledonia i ka iʻa puʻuki a Cook me nā mea kūlohelohe ʻelua ma ke ʻano o ka holo ʻana.
“Hāʻawi ʻia ka momona a me ka waiu ma ka papa ʻaina, ʻelua wau a hoʻopi aku nei no Forster. Ma ka ʻekolu a ʻehā paha i ka kakahiaka, ua ʻike mākou i kahi nāwaliwali ʻole ʻole o nā ʻōpū āpau, i hele pū ʻia me ka manaʻo ʻana o ko mākou mau lima a me nā wāwae, hāʻule i ke anuanu, hāʻule koke lākou i ke ahi. "ʻAʻole wau i emi iki ʻaʻole i kekahi mea a nalowale i ka hiki ke ana i ke kaupaona o nā kino: he puʻu wai me ka nui o hoʻokahi pā
Ua ʻike nā poʻe ʻepekema hou o nā iʻa no nā ʻano ʻO Seluranacanthus seleratus ʻohana o nā niho puffer.
Nā maʻi ʻona
ʻAʻohe pilikia o ke olakino ma loko o ka pāhana hoʻokaumaha a me nā pā wai kūpono. Hele mai nā maʻi inā ʻino i nā kūlana. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka meaʻai i loaʻa ʻole i nā ʻaluna paʻa e hiki ai i ka ulu nui o ka "beak", kahi i nā kūlana maʻamau e hoʻomehana ai i nā makiki o nā mollusks. No ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka hōʻailona a me ka mālama ʻana, e ʻike i ka maʻa ʻo Aquarium Fish Diseases.