He kino lehulehu maoli nā elepani, ua nui ke poʻo, nā mānoanoa a ikaika nā wāwae. Hiki i nā pepeiao ke kiko, akā he mau liʻiliʻi nā maka.
Kōkua nā holoholona i nā holoholona wela i ka wā wela. Fans o lākou, ua hoʻokō lākou i kahi hopena hōʻoluʻolu.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā elephants e ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi ʻana, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ko lākou ʻike ma kahi lōʻihi.
ʻAʻohe lauoho o nā Elepani, ua uhi ʻia ke kino o nā holoholona me ka ʻula a ʻulaʻula paha, a hiki i ka 2,5 cm mānoanoa, me nā ʻili hohonu. Hana ʻia nā cuble elepani me nā bristles laha, aʻo nā pākeke ua pau ia.
ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe ma waena o kahi elephant ʻo kona hiki ʻole ke lele. E pili ana kēia i ka wāwae, i kāna 2 patella. Ke neʻe nei nā ʻelele, ʻoiai ko lākou kaumaha nui, aneane ʻoluʻolu.
ʻO ke kumu o kēia ka momona momona aia ma ke kikowaena o ka wāwae, kahi ia e pihi ana me nā kiʻekiʻe āpau o ka holoholona.
A ʻo ka hope loa, kahi ʻāpana o kahi elepani. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻala e ka huaʻala o ka ihu a me ka lehelehe luna, aia nā tendons a me nā ʻalā nui, nā mea ikaika loa a loli i ka manawa like. Ua hiki kona lōʻihi a hiki i 1,5 mika a kaupaona ma kahi o 150 kg.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka ʻōpala i nā hana nui i ka manawa like. Me kāna kōkua, lawe nā elepani i ka meaʻai, ninini i ka wai iā lākou iho a kamaʻilio pū me kekahi me kekahi, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pā!
Elephant - wehewehe, ʻano a me nā kiʻi
He nunui nā Elepani i waena o nā holoholona. Ke kiʻekiʻe o elephant 2 - 4 m ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o Elephant - mai 3 a 7 paha tons. ʻO nā ElepalaʻApelika, ma mua loa o nā savannahs, pinepine i nā kau a 10 - 12 tons. Ke uhi ʻia ka mana ikaika o kahi elephant me ke anuanu o ka lau (a hiki i ka 2,5 cm) ka ʻona a i ʻole ka hina ʻulaʻula me nā hulu hohonu. Hana ʻia nā pūlima lālani me ka mauʻu koʻala, ulu ʻole nā pākeke i nā mea kanu ʻole.
Nui nui ke poʻo o ka holoholona i nā pepeiao o ka nui o ka nui. He wahi ākea nui nā pepeiao o Elephant, he mānoanoa lākou i ke kumu me nā aniani nā mania, e like me ke ʻano he kānāwai hoʻoponopono maikaʻi lākou no ka loli wela. Hoʻopau ka pepeiao i nā holoholona e hoʻonui i ka hopena hoʻomehana. ʻO ka wāwae o ka elephant he 2 patella. E hana kēia hale i ka elephant i ka mamalia ʻaʻole hiki ke lele. Ma ka kikowaena o ka wāwae he momona momona e kū ana i kēlā me kēia pae, kahi e hiki ai i kēia mau holoholona ikaika ke holo pololei.
ʻO kahi ʻeke o kahi elephant he wahi kupaianaha a kupaianaha hoʻi i haku ʻia e ka ihu hāpau a me nā lehelehe luna. ʻO nā ʻōpū a me ka 100 mano o nā ʻiʻo e hoʻoikaika iā ia a loli. Hana ka ʻōpala i kahi nui o nā hana nui, ʻo ia ka manawa like me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka holoholona i ka hanu, ʻono ʻana, pākuʻi a me ka hopu ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ma o ka ʻōpala, pale ʻo nā elepani iā lākou iho, ka wai iā lākou iho, ʻai, kamaʻilio a hoʻoulu hou i nā hua. ʻO kekahi "ʻano" hiʻohiʻona ka pena o nā elepani. Ke ulu nei lākou ma ke ola āpau: ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka paila, ka makua o ka mea nona.
ʻO ka huelo o kahi elephant e like me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā ʻāpana ʻākau. Kē ʻia ka luna o ka huelo e ka lauoho lauoho e kōkua i ka hoʻokuke ʻana i nā pepeke. Hoʻopili ʻia ka leo a Elephant. ʻO nā kani a nā holoholona makua i hana ʻia ai he mau ʻūwehe, he moʻo, nā mea ʻūhā, a ʻūlū ana nā elepani. ʻO ke ola o kahi elephant ma kahi o 70 mau makahiki.
Hiki i nā Elepani ke haole maikaʻi a aloha i nā kaʻina wai, a ʻo ko lākou kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻāina hiki i 3-6 km / h. Ke holo nei no kahi lōʻihi, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka elepani i kekahi manawa e hoʻonui i ka 50 km / h.
ʻĀlio ʻolopa
He ʻaneʻane loa ʻo ia i ko ʻAmelika ma ka nui a me ke koʻikoʻi, a loaʻa ke kīpihi ma lalo o 5 a me ka hapaono ʻaneʻane e ka hopena o kona ola, ʻo ka savannah (ʻAmelika) hiki i ka pua o nā kaupa a i ka 7 ʻona.
ʻO ka mea ʻeha maʻalahi ka ʻili ʻo ka huehue ʻole.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻolako i ka holoholona i nā manawa maʻamau i nā ʻōpala a me nā kaʻina wai, pale iā ia mai ka hoʻoluhi ʻana o ka nāwaliwali, puhi a me nā mea ʻino manuʻai.
ʻO ka ʻili nāʻu nāwili piha (a hiki i ka 2,5 cm mānoanoa) ke uhi ʻia me ka huluhulu, kahi holoi ʻia me nā hana pinepine ma nā lāʻau. ʻO ia ke kumu e nānā pinepine ai nā elepani.
Pono ke kīpē i ka ʻili e mālama i ka wai - ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i ka ʻōlohelohe ʻana, e pale aku i ka elepani i ka wela.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka epnmis thinnest kokoke i kahi anus, waha a me loko o nā auricles.
ʻO ka kala maʻamau o ka ʻōpū ʻĀina e like me nā kala ʻeleʻele a i ke aniani, akā aia nō kekahi mau albinos (ʻaʻole keʻokeʻo, akā naʻe wale nō e ʻoi aku ka nani ma mua o ko lākou mau hoa i loko o ka pua).
Kakau ʻia ua hiki ʻo Elephas maximus (ʻĀlani Elepani), nona ke kino kino ma waena o 5.5 a 6,4 m, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ko Aferika a ua ʻoi aku kona mau wāwae pōkole.
ʻO kekahi ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe me ka savannah elephant ʻo ia ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ke kino: ma ka ʻenekia ʻAmelika, aia ka lae, ma ka mua - ʻo nā poʻohiwi.
Hiʻohiʻona maʻamau
Lā ka elepani i ka ʻōlelo proboscis: ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻelele i kēia manawa o ka ʻohana elephant. ʻO kekahi mauʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe e ʻae mākou i ka hoʻākāka ʻana i nā subspecies ʻehā o ka elephant ʻAsia, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻoili ʻana.
- ka ʻoi loa ke kiʻi ʻokoʻa nui kipi,
- ʻO Elephant Sri Lankan, ʻaʻohe o ka piko, ke poʻo o ke poʻo me ke kino he nui loa ia.
- ʻElele ʻO Sumatran, kāhea ʻia ʻo "elepana elepani" ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi,
- he elepona Bornean me nā pepeiao nui a me ka huelo lōʻihi.
Elephant - wehewehe, ʻano a me nā kiʻi
He nunui nā Elepani i waena o nā holoholona. Ke kiʻekiʻe o elephant 2 - 4 m ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o Elephant - mai 3 a 7 paha tons. ʻO nā ElepalaʻApelika, ma mua loa o nā savannahs, pinepine i nā kau a 10 - 12 tons. Ke uhi ʻia ka mana ikaika o kahi elephant me ke anuanu o ka lau (a hiki i ka 2,5 cm) ka ʻona a i ʻole ka hina ʻulaʻula me nā hulu hohonu. Hana ʻia nā pūlima lālani me ka mauʻu koʻala, ulu ʻole nā pākeke i nā mea kanu ʻole.
Nui nui ke poʻo o ka holoholona i nā pepeiao o ka nui o ka nui. He wahi ākea nui nā pepeiao o Elephant, he mānoanoa lākou i ke kumu me nā aniani nā mania, e like me ke ʻano he kānāwai hoʻoponopono maikaʻi lākou no ka loli wela. Hoʻopau ka pepeiao i nā holoholona e hoʻonui i ka hopena hoʻomehana. ʻO ka wāwae o ka elephant he 2 patella.
E hana kēia hale i ka elephant i ka mamalia ʻaʻole hiki ke lele. Ma ka kikowaena o ka wāwae he momona momona e kū ana i kēlā me kēia pae, kahi e hiki ai i kēia mau holoholona ikaika ke holo pololei.
ʻO kahi ʻeke o kahi elephant he wahi kupaianaha a kupaianaha hoʻi i haku ʻia e ka ihu hāpau a me nā lehelehe luna. ʻO nā ʻōpū a me ka 100 mano o nā ʻiʻo e hoʻoikaika iā ia a loli. Hana ka ʻōpala i kahi nui o nā hana nui, ʻo ia ka manawa like me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka holoholona i ka hanu, ʻono ʻana, pākuʻi a me ka hopu ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ma o ka ʻōpala, pale ʻo nā elepani iā lākou iho, ka wai iā lākou iho, ʻai, kamaʻilio a hoʻoulu hou i nā hua. ʻO kekahi "ʻano" hiʻohiʻona ka pena o nā elepani. Ke ulu nei lākou ma ke ola āpau: ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka paila, ka makua o ka mea nona.
ʻO ka huelo o kahi elephant e like me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā ʻāpana ʻākau. Kē ʻia ka luna o ka huelo e ka lauoho lauoho e kōkua i ka hoʻokuke ʻana i nā pepeke. Hoʻopili ʻia ka leo a Elephant. ʻO nā kani a nā holoholona makua i hana ʻia ai he mau ʻūwehe, he moʻo, nā mea ʻūhā, a ʻūlū ana nā elepani. ʻO ke ola o kahi elephant ma kahi o 70 mau makahiki.
Hiki i nā Elepani ke haole maikaʻi a aloha i nā kaʻina wai, a ʻo ko lākou kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻāina hiki i 3-6 km / h.
Ke holo nei no kahi lōʻihi, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka elepani i kekahi manawa e hoʻonui i ka 50 km / h.
Nā ʻĀpana elepani
I ka ʻohana o nā elepani ola, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano nui ʻekolu, no ke ʻano ʻelua.
- ʻoluʻolu ʻĀpana elepani (Loxodonta) i māhele ʻia i 2 mau ʻano:
- ʻaʻale elephant (Loxodonta africana)
ʻokoʻa ka laulā nui, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, hoʻomake ʻia a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻelua ma ka hope o ka ʻōpala. Noho ia ma ke kuʻukuhua ma ʻAmelika,
ʻĀpana ʻAmelika (savannah)
- Elephant ulu (ʻOiʻo Loxodonta)
aia kahi ulu liʻiliʻi (a hiki i ka 2.5 m ma ka malo) a me kahi kūlana e puni ana i nā pepeiao. ʻO kēia ʻano o nā elephants i maʻamau i nā ululāʻau ʻōiwi Africa.
Keʻaleʻa ʻAmelika ʻAmelika
Nā wīwī pinepine e hoʻopā a me ka hoʻopukapuka i nā hua kūpono.
- Kaukaʻikaʻi Nā India (ʻAmelika) mau elepani (Elele) ke komo hoʻokahi - ʻĀpana male (Elephas maximus)
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka savannah, akā aia ke kino ikaika a me nā wāwae pōkole. Kui - mai ke kala i ka hina hina. ʻO kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano ʻuʻina o nā elephants, ʻo ia nā lauric liʻiliʻi o kahi ʻano quadrangular a hoʻokahi kaʻina hana ma ka hope o ke kuʻina. Aia ka ʻōpū India a i ʻĀsia paha i nā nū nui a me nā haʻalulu i waena o India, i Kina, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Brunei, Bangladesh a me Indonesia.
Elephant festival i india
ʻAuhea a pehea e noho ai nā elepani?
Noho nā elepani ʻApika i kahi kokoke i ka ʻāina āpau o ʻAmelika wela: ma Namibia a me Senegal, ma Kenya a me Zimbabwe, ma Guinea a me Repubalika, ma Sudan a me South Africa, loaʻa nā elepani ma Zambia a me Somalia. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā holoholona, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i koi i ka noho ma nā ʻāina kūloko, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia i lilo i ka mea no ka poʻe poʻokela. Noho ka ʻona ma kekahi ʻāina, akā hoʻāʻo ia e pale i ka wao nahele a i nā nāhele lāʻau ʻōlehu pōkole, ʻoi aku i ka wahi savannah.
Noho nā ʻōpū ʻāiwa o India. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau-hikina a me hema o India, ma Thailand, Kina a ma ka mokupuni o Sri Lanka, e noho ana ma Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam a me Malaysia. ʻAʻole i kūlike mai nā ʻāina ʻAmelika, makemake nā elepani Inia e noho i kahi wao nahele, makemake i nā māla melemele o nā ʻōkala a me nā nāʻu ākea.
He aha nā meaʻai a nā elepani?
Ma kahi o 16 mau hola i ka lā, e pīpī ana nā elepani i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai, aʻo 300 kime o nā mea laʻa e ʻai ʻia me ka momona. ʻAi ʻia kahi elepani i ka mauʻu (me ka cattail, a me ka papyrus i Africa), rhizomes, bark a me nā lau o ka lāʻau (no ka laʻana, ficus i India), nā hua o nā maiʻa, ka pōmaʻa, ka marula a me ka keke hoʻi. Ke kīleʻa nei nā meaʻai o kahi elepani, ma muli o nā lāʻau like ʻole a me nā mea kanu e ulu ai ma ʻAmelika a me India. ʻAʻole mālama kēia mau holoholona i nā mea mahiʻai kumulāʻau, e hoʻokuʻi ana i kā lākou kipa me ka hōʻino nui i nā mea kanu, kākala a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Kōkua a me ke ʻōpala i ke kōkua iā lākou e kiʻi ai i ka meaʻai, a me nā molars e kōkua i ka holo pono ʻana. Ua loli nā niho o kahi elephant.
I loko o ka zoo, hānai nā elepani i ka mauʻu hū a me nā meaʻuala (ma ka nui), a hāʻawi pū kekahi lākou i nā holoholona ʻai, nā hua, a me nā hua kanu: kāpala, huaʻala, huʻakai, kāloti, beets, mau wai, mau ʻuala, ʻāpala, bran, nā lālā willow, berena, a me kahi punahele mālama i nā lehelehe elepani a me nā moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe. ʻAi ke ʻeke a kahi ʻehā ma kahi o 250-300 kime o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā ma ka hihiu. I ka pio, ʻai nā elepani i kēia: e pili ana i 10 kg o nā lau, 30 kg o ka mauʻu a me 10 kg o ka berena.
Nui nā kaulana o nā pākeke "wai māhā wai". Hoʻopau kekahi ʻeke elepani e pili ana i 100-300 lita o ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā, no laila e aneane pinepine kēia mau holoholona kokoke i nā kino wai.
Elepani lulu
Hoʻokumu nā elepani i nā ʻohana ʻohana (9-12 mau kanaka), kahi alakaʻi alakaʻi, nā kaikuahine, nā kaikamahine a me nā kāne kāne make ʻole. He pēpē hierarchical ʻo ka wahine ʻoihana wahine i ka ʻohana, ulu ʻo ia i ka makahiki 12, i ka 16 i mākaukau ʻo ia e hānau. Haʻalele nā kāne makua kāne i ka pipi i nā makahiki he 15-20 (ʻApelika i 25 mau makahiki) a lilo i hoʻokahi. ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, hāʻule nā kāne i kahi kūlana kūwaho i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka testosterone e mau loa ana ma kahi o 2 mau mahina, e kū pinepine ana ke kīhaka ma waena o nā ʻohana o ka hōʻeha a me nā hōʻeha. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo: ʻo ka hoʻokūkū me nā kaikuaʻana mākaukau e pani i nā ʻōpio kāne ʻōpio mai ka mare mua ʻana.
Maemae ke ulu ʻana o Elephant ma kahi o ka manawa. Ke hoʻokokoke nei ka ʻelemakule male kāne i kona manaʻo ʻana i ka mākaukau o ka wahine no ka mare ʻana. Kūpaʻa kēlā me kēlā me kēia i ka manawa maʻamau, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kāne i ka hakakā ʻokoʻa, ma muli o kēia mea e ʻae ʻia ana ka mea lanakila i ka wahine. ʻO ka hapahā o kahi elephant e mau loa 20-22 mau mahina. Hoʻomoe ka hānau Elephant i loko o kahi kaiāulu i hana ʻia e nā wahine o ka ʻohana, puni a me ka pale ʻana i ka makuahine i ka hana mai ka ulia pōpilikia.
ʻO ka maʻamau ua hānau ʻia kekahi pēpē pēpē ma ke kaupaona ʻana, ma kekahi manawa he mau māhoe. Ma hope o 2 mau hola, hele i kahi pēpē hou keiki hou i kona mau wāwae a hōʻoi i ka waiū makuahine me ka leʻaleʻa. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, holo maʻalahi ka cub me nā hoahānau, hopu i ka ʻūhā o ka huelo o ka makuahine me kahi ʻeke. Miliki hānai mau a hiki i 1.5-2 mau makahiki, a pili nā wahine lactating a pau i ka hana. Ma nā 6-7 mahina, hoʻohui ʻia nā meaʻai i ka waiū.
No ke aha lā ka poʻe elepani e makaʻu ai i nā kiʻi?
Nui ka poʻe i ʻike e pili ana i ka hopohopo subconscious e manaʻo ʻia ana nā elepani nui no nā ʻelele liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana rodent - nā kiʻi. Akā ʻaʻole maopopo ka poʻe a pau he moʻo maoli kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo. Aia kekahi kaʻao e like me nā wā kahiko i ka nui o nā kaole a lākou e hoʻōla ai i nā wāwae elepani, ʻāwili i nā limu o nā holoholona a kokoke i ka iwi, a kūkulu ko lākou ʻili ponoʻī i laila. ʻO ia ke kumu mai ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai ka hiamoe a nā elepana, akā e kū ana. He liʻiliʻi ʻole ka loiloi ma kēia, no ka mea he nui nā holoholona e hiamoe nei, no ka laʻana, ʻo nā lio, ka poʻe makaʻu ʻole i nā kiʻi. Akā e ʻōlelo i ke koena e pili ana i kahi elepani hiki ke piʻi aʻe i loko o ka puʻukū a ālai i kona hiki ʻana i ka lewa, e alakaʻi ai i ka make o ka elephant - ʻoi aku paha ka nui o kēia mau hihia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Aia kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻakaʻaka iki, akā mau nō: ʻīlio, piʻi i luna o kahi elepani, ikaika ʻoi i ka pīpī me kā lākou mau pihi paʻa, hiki i ka elepani ke hoʻomau mau i ka pīpī, a he mea paʻakikī hoʻi iā ia ke hana i kēia. Akā, ua hewa ʻia kēlā mau kuhihewa e ka poʻe ʻepekema: a ua maopopo ʻole i ka pili ʻana o nā elepani i nā isika, ka maikaʻi me ka launa pū ʻana me lākou i nā mea kīwili mai zodiza, e ʻae ana i ka mea liʻiliʻi e ʻai i nā koena o kā lākou ʻai, a ʻaʻole hopohopo lākou.
No ke aha lā ka ihu lōʻihi o ka elepani?
ʻO ka ʻōpala ʻo ke ʻano hiʻohiʻona ākea o ka elephant. Ke kiʻi ʻana i ka lōʻihi e pili ana i ka 1.5 mau mika a me ke kaumaha o 130-150 kg, ua lawa wale kēia ʻāpana o ke kino no ka holoholona, e like me ka lima o kahi kanaka, ihu a ʻōlelo paha.
ʻO nā kūpuna o nā elepani, ka mea e noho lā ma nā wahi mamao loa i nā pulu, he ʻāpana liʻiliʻi kahi ʻōpala: he ʻae ʻo ia e hanu ma lalo o ka wai.
He mau miliona o makahiki o ka neʻe ʻana i hana i ka mea mua ma mua o ka ʻĀlio e haʻalele i ka ʻāpana, a nui ka nui o ka holoholona i ka nui, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻeke o ka elepani, i hana pū i ka nohona hou o ke ola ʻana.
Me ka ukana, hoʻāla kahi elele a lawe ʻia nā ukana nui, ka waimaka i nā maiʻa ʻona mai nā lāʻau pāma a waiho iā lākou i kona waha, me he mea lā e kāʻili i ka wai mai ka wai a kahawai a hoʻonohonoho i ka wai i ka wā wela wela, hana i ka pū kani nui, hoʻopili i nā mea ʻono, kōkua iā ia iho e inu, hoʻoinu wai i loko o ka wai ka waha.
ʻO ka pīhoihoi, ka hiki ke hoʻohana i ka ʻōpala ma ke ʻano he mea multifunctional ka ʻepekema paʻakikī loa e ʻike ʻole ai nā elepani liʻiliʻi: pinepine ka pēpē a hāmeʻe i ko lākou ʻāpana, a no ka mea, nā elephants makuahine e ahonui nei, no kekahi mau mahina, e aʻo aku i kā lākou poʻe keiki me ka ʻano o kēia ʻano hana. . ^ E Ha yM.
Kumukanawai a me ka hana ʻai
Hiki ke kokoke o ka hope o nā elepani o ʻApelika i ka ʻūhū iki, me ka nui, me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻāpana sacral. I nā elepani o ʻAsia, he pālule, he ʻokoʻa ka convex. Ma ka laulā ʻokoʻa a ka laulā, ʻo ka punahele nui a ka ʻAmelika ʻike nui ʻia ʻōpiopio ʻoi aku ʻo ʻApika, no ka mea ua pōkole a mānoanoa kāna mau wāwae, ʻokoʻa i nā lālā o nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke wehewehe maʻalahi ʻia ke ʻano o nā wāwae i ka ʻikepili ʻana i ka ʻai ʻana i nā kālima o ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika: ʻo ka mea mua ke ʻai i nā lālā a me nā lau, akā ʻaʻole e hoʻowahāwahā i ka launa i nā mauʻu: a ʻo ka mea hope loa, e ʻai wale i nā lau mai nā lālā lāʻau.
ʻAlani kāne hoʻonā ʻAlika
Lālā - kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā elepani o nā ʻano. ʻAʻole iki ka ihu, akā, pili nā lehelehe luna i ka ihu. Me ke kōkua o ke ʻeke, hoʻāla kahi elepani, loaʻa i ka meaʻai, inu, ʻauʻau wai a pēlā aku. He ʻokoʻa kekahi o ke ʻano o kēia ʻenehana ma lalo o ka noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka hope o ke ʻeke o ka elefani ʻAmelika i hoʻolako pū me kahi kaʻina hana like-like, aʻo ka India he hoʻokahi hana wale nō (ma luna).
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā ʻelele a me ʻAmelika elepani e pa i ka pae wāwae. He ʻelima mau koʻe wāwae ma nā wāwae mua o nā ʻenehana o India, a ʻehā ma nā wāwae hind.ʻElima mau mākelika ʻAmelika i ʻelima mauʻu (i kekahi manawa ʻehā) ma ka mua, a ʻekolu i luna o nā ʻalā.
ʻElani ʻApelika a me ʻApelika
Nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻāpana o ke kino
He naʻau puʻuwai nui (pinepine pinepine me ko luna poʻomanaʻo ʻelua) ma kahi o 30 kg, e kū ana i kahi pinepine o 30 mau manawa i hoʻokahi minuke. ʻO 10% o ke kaumaha o ke kino ma ke koko.
ʻO ka noʻonoʻo o kekahi o nā momm nui loa o ka honua ke manaʻo ʻia (kūlohelohe) ʻo ia ka ikaika, ʻo ka laulima no 5 kg.
ʻO nā wahine, ʻaʻole i like nā kāne, ʻelua mau momona momona o ka umauma.
Pono nā elepani i nā pepeiao ʻaʻole wale e ʻike i nā leo, akā i mea e hoʻohana ai iā lākou e like me ke pāhoʻi, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana iā ia iho i ka wela awakea.
Loa ʻōlapa elephant honua - ʻōpalame ke kōkua o nā holoholona ʻike i nā mea ʻala, hanu, hoʻopili ʻia me ka wai, manaʻo a hopu i nā mea like ʻole, e komo pū ana i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka ʻōpala, kokoke i kokoke ʻole o ka iwi, a me ka cartilage, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lehelehe luna a me ka ihu. ʻO ka hooneʻe koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōpala ma muli o ka hiki ʻana o 40,000 kūloko (tendons a me nā uaua). Hiki ke loaʻa ka loiloi wale nō (ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā nostrils) ma nā kihi o ka ʻāpana.
Ma ke ala, hoʻopau ka ʻōpala me kahi kaʻina aʻoaʻo loa e hiki ke ʻike i kahi mauʻu ma kahi puʻu.
A ʻo ka ʻāpana o kahi ʻeneka kūlima i paʻa i 6 mau wai o ka wai puna. ʻO ka loaʻa o ka wai, e hoʻolei ka holoholona i kahi ʻaka i hoʻopuka ʻia i loko o kona waha a ʻā ke komo i ka ʻōpū i ka ʻāʻī.
He hoihoi! Inā hoʻāʻo lākou e hōʻoia iā ʻoe e loaʻa nā kuli he 4, ʻaʻole manaʻoʻiʻo: eia ʻelua wale nō o lākou. ʻO nā kihi ʻē aʻe o nā wili, ʻaʻole ia he elbow, akā me ka wahī.
Ke kūloko a me ke ʻano
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā waihona a me nā ʻōnaehana o nā ʻōpū ʻApelika a me ʻAsia. 42 ʻoiila, ka lua - 38, he kanakolukumamākolu o nā kaila i kau ma ka huelo, a he iwakāluakumamaono wale nō ka hope. Aia nā ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā molars.
Hoʻohana maikaʻi nā elepani ʻAmelika 25 makahiki. ^ E Ha yM. E wikiwiki ka hoʻomohala ʻana o India: ua mākaukau lākou e hoʻohua i nā keiki i loko 15 - 20 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā moʻole palupalu, e lanakila ana nā ʻelele mua ma Asia. Mai ka manaʻo mai o ka poʻe. No ke aha mai? No ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Kōkua nā elepani ʻĀsia i ko lākou ʻāina (i ka hema-hema ma Asia) e kōkua i ka poʻe e halihali i nā kaumaha nui a hana i nā hana hoʻoikaika kino. Ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e hana ana nā ʻenehana o India i loko o nā kaʻe. ʻO nā elepani o ʻApelika, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻoi aku ka huhū a me ka hōʻino ʻana ma mua o nā kānaka. Akā hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa kā lākou hoʻomaʻamaʻa: ua ʻike ʻia e hui pū ana nā elepani o ʻApelika i ka huakaʻi a Hannibal ma Roma i ka makahiki 3 SM.
Kahi a lākou e noho ai
He mea maʻamau nā ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kēia lā ma East, North-East a South South, i East Pakistan, Burma, Nepal, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Ceylon, Malacca a me Sumatra. Noho lākou i kēlā me kēia wahi mai ka savannah nui i ulu me ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka nahele pali. Aia ka helu ʻana i nā bipi mai 15 a ʻekolu mau kenekulia. Mokuna - wahine kahiko akamai.
ʻĀlio ʻekahi i ka hale
Noho kahi ʻōpū ʻĀpana ʻAmelika ma waena o ʻAmelika hema ma ka hema o Sahara. I ka manawa mua, i mau ka noho o nā poʻe Repanika ʻApika o ka savannah, i kēia lā ua piha loa ia i nā ʻano āpau: ʻaʻole i noho hou kēia ʻano holoholona no ka nui o nā panalāʻau o ka ʻApelika Hema, Botswana, Namibia, Ethiopia, ma ka ʻaoʻao o Somalia kahi i ʻole. Hiki i kahi ʻānela ʻAmelika ke noho i nā ʻokoʻa ʻāina like ʻole, koe wale nō i ka wao nahele a me ka semi-koraha. ʻO kēia mau elepani o ka nui kupaianaha e noho i nā pipi. Ma mua o ka pipi hiki i ʻehā haneri kanaka.
ʻApelika ʻekika i loko o kahi noho
Hānau ʻia nā elepana o nā ʻano ʻelua i ka wā o ko lākou ola elima kubita. ^ E Ha yM. I loko o nā ohana, ikaika ikaika nā pilina ʻohana. Hiki i kahi hui o nā elepani ke loaʻa i nā haneli he mau haneli koko. ʻO nā holoholona ʻōlima nā holoholona, ʻaʻole lākou i kahi ʻāpana. Hoʻopau nā kahu holoholona i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa e ʻimi nei: ke ʻimi nei lākou i nā meaʻai e pono ai lākou ka hapa nui o kēlā me kēia lā, a e moe hoʻi ʻoe i ka pō kokoke i nā kino wai.
I kēia lā, ʻike pau nā ʻano o nā elepani i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻepekema, no ka mea, ua kākau ʻia lākou i loko o ka Red Book.
ʻO ka moʻokua a me ka hoʻokaʻawale wahine
Kūkulu ʻia nā pilina ma loko o ka ʻohana elepani: ma laila, aia kekahi, ʻo ka wahine ʻoi loa ka ʻāina, nāna e alakaʻi i nā kaikuahine, ʻoi aku, nā keiki kāne, a me nā kāne pū a pau ʻaʻole i hiki i ka wā ulu.
ʻO nā elepani ʻehā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, mālama wale ʻia, a ʻo nā ʻelemakule wale nō i ʻae ʻia me ka hui e alakaʻi ʻia e ka matriarch.
Ma kahi o 150 mau makahiki i hala, ua helu ʻia kēlā ʻano he 30, 50 a me nā holoholona 100 hoʻi i ko mākou manawa, ʻo ia nō ka ʻohana mai 2 a 10 mau makuahine, kaumaha ʻia me kā lākou mau pipi.
Ma ka 10-12 makahiki ua hiki nā elephants i ka wā ʻōpiopio, akā aia wale nō i ka 16 makahiki hiki iā lākou ke hānau keiki, a ma hope o 4 mau makahiki ua manaʻo ʻia he pākeke. Loaʻa ka uluʻana o ka momona ma waena o 25 a 45 mau makahiki: i kēia manawa, hāʻawi ka elepani i ka 4 litters, e helu ana i ka hapalua i kēlā me kēia 4 mau makahiki.
Ke ulu nei ka kāne, loaʻa i ka hiki ke kōpaʻa, waiho i kā lākou kama'āina i ka makahiki o 10-17 mau makahiki a lele kuʻi wale a hiki i ke ʻano o kā lākou matrimonial interest.
ʻO ke kumu o nā papa inoa inoa ma waena o nā kāne kiʻekiʻe i ka hoa hana ma ka estrus (2-4 lā). Ma ke kaua, ʻaʻole ka maʻi o nā hoa kaua wale nō i ko lākou olakino, akā ke ola nei nō lākou, no ka mea, aia kahi kūlana kūikawā i kapa ʻia i kāhea ʻia (unuhi ʻia mai Urdu - "ʻuʻuku")
Hoʻokuʻu ka mea lanakila i nā wimps a ʻaʻole i haʻalele i ka mea i koho ʻia no 3 mau pule.
ʻO nā mea e pono ai, ma ka testosterone e piʻi aku i nā pae a hiki i 2 mau mahina: hoʻopoina nā elepani i ka meaʻai a ʻuhi a ʻimi i nā wahine i estrus. ʻElua mau ʻano holoʻokoʻa ka ʻano o ka pono: copious urine a me kahi wai me nā pheromones odorous, kahi mea i hana ʻia e ka lepa ma waena o ka maka a me ka pepeiao.
Hoʻokomo wale nā elephants i nā keiki no kā lākou ʻohana. ^ E Ha yM. Me ka "intoxication" kūʻē lākou i nā poʻe.
Progeny
ʻAʻole hilinaʻi ʻia ka pūliki o nā ʻōlima o Inia i ka manawa o ka makahiki, ʻoiai he maloo a i ʻole ka puʻu ʻana i ka lehulehu o nā holoholona e hiki ke hoʻoluliluli i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka estrus a hiki i ka wā poperty.
Aia ka pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine a hiki i 22 mau mahina, i hoʻokumu piha ʻia e 19 mau mahina: i ke koena i ka manawa, ke loaʻa wale ka paona.
I ka wā hānau, uhi nā wahine i ka wahine i ka hānau keiki, e kū ana i kahi pōʻai. Hānau ka elepani i kahi (hoʻokahi liʻiliʻi) ʻelua mau ʻāpana me ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi mita a me ke koʻikoʻi a hiki i 100 kg. Ua ʻoi ʻia ʻo ia i nā mea e hoʻopau ai i ka wā e hoʻohuli ana i nā niho waiū me nā mea mau.
He mau hola ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēlele pēpē e kū nei i kona mau wāwae a hūnā i ka waiū o ka makuahine, a hiʻona ka makuahine i ke keiki me ka lepo a me ka honua a i ʻole kona ʻano maʻa pono e lūlū i nā mea kikoʻī.
Lawe ia i kekahi mau lā, a ʻo ka pēpē hele wailua pū me nā kānaka a pau, hoʻopili me kāna proboscis i ka huelo makuahine.
ʻAe ʻia ka ʻelele keiki i ka waiū waiū ma luna o nā ʻelele a lactating. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻopili lākou i ka umauma o ke keiki i nā makahiki 1.5-2. Eia kekahi, hoʻomaka ka bipi keiki elepani e hoʻoheheʻe i ka waiū e hānai ana me nā lau a me nā lau i nā makahiki ʻeono.
Ma kahi hānau, ua hānai ka elephant, no ka mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai ka pēpē i ka momona o kāna mau feces. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e ʻai ana ka bipi elephant iā lākou a laila i komo nā ʻalani undigested ʻelua a me nā mea maʻi simbiotic e komo ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā cellulose i loko o ke kino.
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻOiai ke manaʻo ʻia o ka ʻenehana o India ka mea i noho ai ka ululāʻau, ua piʻi koke i ka mauna a lanakila i nā ʻōpū (ma muli o ke ʻano kūikawā o ka wāwae).
ʻOi aku kona aloha i ka wela ma mua o ka wela, i ka manawa i makemake ai ʻo ia e haʻalele i nā kihi pihi, hoʻohewa ʻia me ka pepeiao nui. ʻO lākou, ma ka nui o ko lākou nui, e lawelawe nei i nā mea hoʻoponopono mua o ke kani: eia ke kumu o ka hoʻolohe ʻana o ka elephant ma mua o ke kanaka.
He hoihoi! Ma ke ala, nā pepeiao pepeiao o kēia mau holoholona me nā pepeiao hoʻi ... mau wāwae. Ka mea, ua hoʻouna aku nā elepani a loaʻa nā nalu moana ma kahi mamao o 2 tausani mau mika.
Kākoʻo ʻia ka hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia e ke ʻano ikaika o ka ʻohu a me ka pā. Hāʻawi wale kahi elele i nā maka, ʻike ʻole i nā mea mamao ʻole. Ma nā wahi ulu kona ʻike ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻO kahi manaʻo maikaʻi loa e hoʻolilo ai ka holoholona i ka wā e kū ana i ka wā e kū nei, e kau ana i nā paona nui ma nā lālā lāʻau a ma luna o kahi kuʻu termite. I ka pio, kau ʻo ia iā lākou i loko o ka paina a i ʻole hoʻi i ka paia.
ʻO 4 mau hola i ka lā e hiamoe ai. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a me nā maʻi hoʻi ke hāʻule ma ka lepo. E holo ana ka ʻelele ʻōpiopio ma ka wikiwiki o 2-6 km / h, e wikiwiki ana i 45 km / h i kahi pōʻino, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e kahi ʻoi i hāpai ʻia.
ʻAʻole makemake wale ka Elepani i nā kaʻina wai - he māla maikaʻi ʻo ia a hiki iā ia ke hele a loaʻa ka wahine ma ke kahawai, pōmaikaʻi i kekahi mau hoa pili.
Hoʻouna ka ʻili a nā elepani o ʻAsia i nā ʻike ʻaʻole wale e kahe, ke kani ʻana, ka pu, ka screech a me nā leo ʻē aʻe: i kā lākou arsenal ka kino a me nā ʻōpū. No laila, ua akaka ka hoʻoheʻe ʻana a ka mea hope loa i ka papahū i ka mea ʻae o kā lākou hoa.
ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe āu e pono ai e ʻike e pili ana i ka ʻenē elima
He lāʻauʻala kēia e ʻai ana mai ka 150 a 300 kg o ka mauʻu, ka ʻōpala, nā lau, nā pua, nā hua a me nā hua pua i kēlā lā.
ʻO Elepani kekahi o nā mea nui loa (e lawe ana i nā nui o nā mea make) no ka mea kanu, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou mau puaʻa e hōʻino nui ʻia i ka kōpaʻa, ka maiʻa, a me ka laʻu.
Ka pōkole holo ʻana ka ʻeleu 24 mau holaa ua emi iho ma lalo o ka hapalua o ka meaʻai. I ke ao, ua inu nui nā mea inu mai 70 a 200 lita o ka wai, ʻo ia ke kumu e hiki ʻole ai i kahi mamao mai ke kumu.
Hiki i nā Elephants ke hōʻike i nā manaʻo hilinaʻi. He kaumaha maoli lākou inā make paha nā ʻelele keiki hou a i ʻole nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ke kaiāulu. Hāʻawi nā hanana hauʻoli i nā elepani i ke kumu e leʻaleʻa a ʻakaʻaka hoʻi. Ke ʻike nei i kahi elepani i hāʻule i ka lapalapa, e kūpaʻa maoli kahi pākeke i kāna ʻōpala e kōkua. Hiki i nā elephant ke hoʻopili pono i kekahi i kekahi me nā hehi.
I ka makahiki 1986, ua pā nā mea kanu (e kokoke kokoke ana i ka hala) nā ʻaoʻao o ka International Red Book.
He kumu kumu no ka hoʻemi ʻia ʻana o ka nui o nā elephants o India (a hiki i 2-5% i kēlā me kēia makahiki):
- ka mea no ka niho palaoa a me ka ʻai
- e ʻimi ana ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka mahiʻai,
- ka hana ʻana o ka pōʻaiapili e pili ana i nā hana a ke kanaka,
- make ma lalo o nā wili o nā kaʻa.
ʻAʻole kūlohelohe kanaka maoli i ka ʻenemi, me ka ʻole o ke kanaka: akā ua make pinepine nā elepani i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā liona ʻāmaʻī a me nā tigers.
Noho nā elepani o ʻAsia no 60-70 mau makahiki ma ka hihiu, he 10 mau makahiki hou aku i nā zoos.
He hoihoi! ʻO ka ʻenehana elepani kaulana loa ʻo Lin Wang mai Taiwan, i hele i nā kūpuna ma 2003. He kaua hakakā maikaʻi hoʻi i hakakā ai, "kaua" ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pūʻali koa Kina i ka lua o ka Kaua Koa-Iapana (1937-1954). I ka manawa make, ua ʻo 86 mau makahiki o Lin Wang.
Ma ka hoʻouna ʻana i kahi manaʻo, hōʻoia ʻoe e ʻae aku ʻoe i ka ʻae ʻana i ka ʻikepili pilikino e like me ke kulekele pilikino