ʻO kahi bipi o bison grazes i ka nahele o Belovezhskaya Pushcha: he mau wahine, nā kāne a me nā holoholona ʻōpio. ʻO ke poʻo o ka bipi he bipi ikaika. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano ikaika i mea e manaʻo ai ka hake, ke hoʻoheheʻe nei ia mai ka wā kahiko, ʻo ka wā o ka glaciation i hala. ʻO kēia mea i koho ʻia o ka puʻukū artiodactyl i kēia manawa he mau moemoe o ka mammoth. ʻO kahi kino muscular me kahi hump e kū mai ana i ka maloʻo, maloʻo, ʻeleʻele, me ka ulaula ʻulaʻula o ka mane a me ka ʻumiʻumi me nā lauoho lōʻihi. ʻO ka nui o ka holoholona, ʻo kona poʻo nui, a me nā maka ʻoniʻoni, a me nā pūhaka weliweli i hui pū ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine, hāʻawi i ka palekana pono e kūʻē i nā mea ʻenemi. Pēlā ka bison - ka haku maoli o nā ululāʻau.
Kamaʻai
I ka maka mua, ke kikowaena nei ka bison, a paʻakikī wale nō hoʻi ke manaʻoʻiʻo ua hiki ke lele ma luna o kahi pā iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau mika. Ua lanakila ʻo ia i nā kūaloko wai ma ka ʻauʻau.
ʻO nā holoholona pipi nā holoholona. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohālikelike lākou i nā ʻohana he ʻumi mau poʻo. I ka pūnāwai, hāʻule kēia mau pua i nā ʻokoʻa kaʻawale. I kekahi ʻohana o ka bison, ua mālama pono ʻia ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ke kauoha. ʻO nā mea ikaika ka mea mua e inu i ka wai ma nā wahi e inu ai, nā mea mua e koho i nā wahi maikaʻi loa no ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka hoʻomaha. Inā loaʻa ka bison i ka ikaika like i ka pipi, kū mai a pōkole kekahi hanana waena ma waena o lāua. Hōʻalo nā holoholona huhū i ko lākou mau poʻo, ka ʻoki, sniff. Hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hoʻolale e haʻalele i ka pipi.
I ka hopena o ka pūnāwai puna e kū mai ana. Hānau ʻia nā wahine, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i hoʻokahi pahu pāpaona 20-25 kilograma. Mālama ka makuahine i ka bison ʻaʻole wale mai ka ʻenemi, akā, mai nā bison ʻē aʻe. Ke ulu ikaika a ʻo Bison. ʻO kā lākou ola ola he 30-40 mau makahiki a ʻoi aʻe paha.
I ke kauwela, hānai i ka bison i ka mauʻu a me nā lau. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻai lākou i ka willow, aspen, alder a me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē, me nā pua a me nā pua o nā lāʻau a me nā hua lāʻau. Hoʻohana pinepine i nā kakahiaka a me nā ahiahi. Loaʻa iā Bison kahi ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻono a me ka hoʻolohe, akā ua maikaʻi ko lākou ʻike.
ʻO ka ʻenemi wale nō i koe o ka bison, ʻo ia ka hoʻoilo, a laila hoʻi me ka hoʻoilo hohonu. ʻO ka poʻe ʻeleʻele a ʻoi loa nā ʻōpio. Ke kūʻē nei i kahi pūʻulu o nā ʻīlio, hoʻomoʻo ka bison i ka pale o ka ʻāina, pale i nā holoholona nāwaliwali a ʻōpiopio i loko o ka pōʻai.
ʻAʻole i liuliu i ka manawa nui, ua holo nui nā pūʻali puaʻa i loko o kā mākou mau lāʻau, a ma nā ululāʻau o ʻEulopa. Noho lākou i ka nahele ulu nahele, forest-steppe a me nā anuʻu. ʻO nā aliʻi a me nā aliʻi, nā aliʻi a me nā keikikāne i hoʻonohonoho i ka hopu holoholona maikaʻi, he ʻoli nui nā kahe e make ai nā holoholona he nui. Wahi a ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi, no ka poʻe komo i loko o ka ʻaha kūkā o nā aliʻi i ka makahiki 1431, i hōʻea ʻia ma Volyn, 100 bison i honi ʻia i hāʻawi ʻia i nā hana i kēlā me kēia pule. A i 1752, e like me ka manaʻo o ke aliʻi Polani ʻAukake III, ua make ʻo 42 bison a me 13 moose ma ka Pala ʻo Bialowieza ma kahi hulina. I ka hoʻohoulu o 1860, ma ka mea nui o Tsar Alexander II, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi kipa ma ka ululāʻau like, kahi i make ai nā holoholona he 96, me 28 mau bison. Kūkulu ʻia kēlā mau holoholona hihiu i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Hoʻopilikia aku ka lawaiʻa hakakā, kāʻili lawaiʻa ʻana i nā haku o ka nahele, a wikiwiki koke kā lākou poʻe holoholona. I ka makahiki 1755, ua pepehi ʻia ka bison hope loa i nā mokuʻo Baltic, i 1762 - ma Romania, a i ka makahiki 1793 - ma Kelemānia. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kā mākou kenekulia, mālama ʻia nā bison i nā helu liʻiliʻi ma nā wahi kuahiwi a me nā kao (ma ka ʻĀwaho o Caucasus a ma Belovezhskaya Pushcha). Eia naʻe ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pakele. ʻO ka bison hope o Belovezhskaya Pushcha i pepehi ʻia ma Pepeluali 9, 1921 na ka mea mua ma mua o Baltrameus Shpakevich. A i kēia manawa ua pau ka bison e like me nā ulu lāʻau i ka noho kūlohelohe.
ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua ola mau nā bison purebred i nā zoos o ka honua. I ka 1923, ma ka International Congress i Paris, ua noi aku ʻo zoologist Polani Jan Stoltzman, i ka wā i pau ʻole ai i ka nalo ʻana, i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke Kaʻāina ʻoihana no ka Salvation of Bison. Ma hope koke ua paʻi ʻia ka Buke Stud International International. Ma nā ʻāina 15 o ka honua nei he 56 wale nō bison - ka kumu nui no ka hoʻoulu. Hoʻolaha, i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e like me ka hopena o ka hana i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia a me nā hana nui a nā zoologist i nā ʻāina he nui, hoʻomaka ka nui o ka bison.
Noho ʻo Bison ma kā mākou papa bison a i nā wahi mālama - i ka Caucasus, i Belovezhskaya Pushcha, ka Central Bison Nursery kokoke i Serpukhov, i Khopersky Reserve, Carpathians, Mordovia Reserve, Baltic a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ko mākou ʻāina.
No ka ola a me ka pōmaikaʻi o ka bison ma ko mākou ʻāina, e mahalo kākou i ka zoologist Soviet, ʻano loea i ke aʻo ʻana o bison, ʻo Mikhail Alexandrovich Zablotsky. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1976, aia ma kahi o 1,500 mau nāʻau kai purupona ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, a nona ka 567 ma USSR.
ʻO ka bison ka mea nāna o Belovezhskaya Pushcha
ʻIke mākou a pau i nā holoholona nui ʻē aʻe i ka puaʻa, bison, gaurom. Akā ʻo ka mea maʻamau loa iā mākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka bison. No nā mahele a nā artiodactyls, ka ʻohana o nā bovids. ʻO ka bison ka bipi kaulana kaulana, ʻokoʻa loa ia mai kahi ʻūhaka ikaika a ʻoi aku ka puʻu liʻiliʻi. He poʻo kihi nui ka bison, kahi i hoʻonoho ʻia e nā leheleʻa paʻa a me nā puʻupuʻu lōʻihi.
Bison (Bison bonasus)
ʻO nā wāwae lōʻihi a ikaika nā bison, he pokole ka lauoho o ka bison, aia wale nō i ka ʻāʻī he mānoʻo a koʻikoʻi. ʻO kahi brand bison kaulana kona ihu, saturated ʻeleʻele, me kahi paona polū. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kāne a me ka wahine. ʻOi aku ka ʻōpio o ka wahine - ʻo 700 kime, akā ʻo ke kāne - ʻo ka bison ke ulu a hiki i 850 kg. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ke kaupaona nei nā kūpuna o nā bison i kēia mau wa e pili ana i 1 ton! ʻO kā lākou kapa kapa-like like like, ʻeleʻele poloka i huli i ke kukui māmā ma ka lei.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke bison, ua ʻike a keu ka bison, ua kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o nā lau ma ka 2 m, a ʻo 1,7 m ka kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻōpū a hiki i 3 m
I kēia lā, hiki i nā bison ke loaʻa ma Polani, ma Western Ukraine, Russia, a me Hungary a me Moldova. A he mea paʻakikī ke manaʻoʻiʻo i kēia mau holoholona ikaika a ikaika hoʻi i ka wā i nalo loa e like me nā ʻano. Ma muli o ka ʻimi hānai no lākou i ka makahiki Mua Waena, ua luku ʻia ka nui o ka bison, a he aloha wale nō i ke pio ʻana me ka acclimatization ma hope, ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka mea aloha i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka kenekulia 19.
ʻO kekahi pua puaʻa ma ka nahele ulu.
He holoholona holoholona manu ʻo Bison, hiki i kā lākou mau hui ke helu i 20 a kūikawā kūikawā, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi loa, e hoʻākoakoa me nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe, i hui pū ʻia i loko o kahi ʻohana a hiki i ka 50 mau pahuhopu. ʻO ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe he mau lāʻau wili palu mau ke kai, a kahi lākou i alakaʻi ai i kahi ala maʻalahi, a waiho i ko lākou mau home, inā wale nō ka pōloli.
Uhi ʻia ʻo Bison me ka hau. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi kēia mau holoholona i ka hoʻoilo maikaʻi, ma ka hoʻoilo he nui loa lākou ma mua o ke kahu
He poʻo ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻohana bison, he alakaʻi nō hoʻi ia, ʻoiā paha i kona pīhoihoi - ʻo ia ka wahine i ʻike a nui loa. ʻO kahi ʻano kupaianaha o kēia mau holoholona he mea ʻike ole ʻia, ʻaʻole lākou i hāʻawi i ke leo, a hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui ʻia lākou. A me ko lākou mau ʻāpana, hele maikaʻi lākou a mālie. ʻOiai ke holo ʻana, noho mau i loko.
E hoʻolohe ʻoe i ka leo o nā bison
He poʻe puhaka nui lākou. Ke holo nei mai ke alualu, hiki iā lākou ke lele i kahi moat a hoʻoluhi paha a hiki i 2 mika! He hierarchy maikaʻi lākou i ko lākou mau neʻe, e hahai mau ʻia nā ʻōpio, nā poʻo, i uhi ʻia e ka ʻōpio a nā kāne ikaika. ʻOiai ʻoiai lākou iʻike nui ʻia, maluhia ka bison, a aneane ʻaʻole e hoʻouka. ʻOiai ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻono a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana, he ʻole maikaʻi ʻole lākou.
ʻO nā bison kahi aloha aloha i nā lālā o linden, willow, ash, hornbeam, oak, raspberry a blueberry.
I kahi wahi kūlohelohe, hānai maluhia ke bison, i ka lā hoʻomaha nui i ka māla chewing chewing.
ʻO ka papaʻai nui o kēia mau holoholona nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole, a ʻo ka papa inoa ka mea ma mua o 400 o nā inoa o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka mālama maikaʻi loa ke ʻona. I ka hoʻoilo, kāʻeli lākou i ka hau me ko lākou ihu, ka ʻohi ʻana i nā mauʻu, nā laikini a i ʻole nā huaʻa. Mai hōʻino i nā ʻūhā a me nā moemoe. I ka lā hoʻokahi, e ʻai ana kekahi holoholona makua o kēia ʻano mea ʻehā ma kahi o 50 kg o nā mea kanu, e like me ka wai. I ke kauwela, i ke kauwela wela, hele lākou ʻelua i ka ʻāina ʻauʻau, i ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa lākou i ka hau.
Male kaua male
ʻO ka manawa kūpono o ka bison i ka hopena o ke kauwela - ke hāʻule koke. Makemake nā ʻōpio i nā wahine me kahi ʻala musky ikaika, hoʻonohonoho i nā hakakā ma waena o lākou iho no ka nānā ʻana o nā wahi wahine. I kekahi manawa ma ke hakakā e hiki ai i kēlā me kēia ke hōʻeha loa. ʻO ke kaʻina hana a pau e hōʻike ai i ke aloha ʻana, ua hele pū ʻia me nā poses manacing, nā pupuhi i nā lāʻau. I ka pauʻana o ka "male", e loaʻa ana ka male hāpai, ʻo ia ka mau 9 mau mahina. ʻO kahi pēpē pēpē hou e kau ana i ka 23 kg. A i ka wā hānau, loaʻa ke kala mele, a ʻo ia wale nō ka manawa a me ka hapa e hoʻomaka ai ma hope o kona makuahine. ʻO ka bison wahine ka waiū waiwai nui, me ia e hānai ai i ka pēpē, i ka maikaʻi loa, a hiki i ka 1 makahiki. ʻOiai ʻo kāna kīʻaha mua, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻāʻo e hoʻokō iā lākou 1 mahina. E lilo ʻo ia i bison makua kāne nui i hala ma hope o elima mau makahiki o ke ola, a lilo ia i mau makahiki 2 mua o kona ola i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai kona makuahine. ʻO ke ola he ola i loko o ka bison he 20-25 mau makahiki. I ka pio, me ka mālama pono ʻana, hoʻonui ʻia kēia helu i 35 mau makahiki.
Hoʻokomo ʻo Bison i ka waiū
ʻO ka ʻenemi weliweli loa o ka bison i noho mau a noho mau - kāne. No ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole nā bison makua i ka ʻōpala hihiu, he ʻāpana ʻehā wale nō paha. I mea no nā keiki ke hoʻoweliweli a me ka lynx, a me nā bears, a me nā leopards. Mai ka wā nui, ua ʻimi nā holoholona wale nō i kēia mau holoholona, ʻaʻole hoʻi no ka ʻiʻo, i loko o nā holoholona pākeke, paʻakikī ke ʻano like. A no ka nui. I nā wā prehistoric, hoʻolako kahi pākeke pākeke i nā meaʻai no nā ʻanoʻano āpau. ʻAʻole like me kahi pākeke, he ʻōpio'ōpiopio i ka mea momona a palupalu. Ua ʻike ʻia ua luku ʻia nā ʻano kaiʻai o ʻEulopa a me Caucasian i nā kai poepoe.
ʻIke ʻo Bison i ka huki, akā ʻo ka pākeke pālua me ia. No ke ʻano o kēia pāʻani, ua hele ʻo ia i loko o ka lua i ke kahua like me ka ʻokiʻoki
He pōmaikaʻi nui paha ia i ka manawa o ka pau piha ʻana o kēia ʻano, he 66 mau pahuhopu i noho pio ʻia. Ma o nā hana a ka International Society no ka palekana o nā holoholona, hoʻomaka kahi papahana hoʻomehana bison. Ma ka hoʻomaka mua ua hoʻomau ia i loko o zoos, a no laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā holoholona mua i ka ʻāina o ka waihona Belovezhskaya Pushcha. A laila hoʻomaka lākou e lawe ʻia ma nā ʻāina o ʻEulopa. ʻO kēia lā a puni ka honua 3000 mau holoholona e noho ana, a he 1700 wale nō ma ka hihiu. ʻAʻole i hiki i kekahi ke lawelawe i ka hoʻopukapuka o ke poʻo, a ua pāpaʻa nā pōpō me nā holoholona. Akā kaʻi ʻia lākou ma muli o ko lākou mahaha ʻole a me ka nui o ka ʻiʻo momona-momona. He inoa kahi ʻano o ka puaʻe a i hala - he bison.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO ka bison ke koho hope loa i kahi bipi hihiu ma ka'āina ʻEulopa. E like me nā ʻike mōʻaukala, iho mai nā holoholona mai ko lākou mau kūpuna kahiko - bison. Hōʻike lākou i kahi ʻohana o nā bovine bovids a komo i nā melulate herbivorous mammals.
Hōʻike ka ʻike i ka mōʻaukala ma ka wā o ka hau, ua noho mua ka bison a ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hopu ʻana i ka poʻe o kēlā manawa. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau ʻike i nā kiʻi pena lua o kēlā manawa i ʻike ʻia e nā poʻe archaeologists. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka haʻi ʻana o kēia holoholona hihiu i ʻike ʻia i nā moʻolelo kahiko o ko ʻAigupita a me ko Roma. Ua kaulana no kekahi ma Roma kahiko, ua komo nā bison i nā kaua gladiatorial.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kuhi: ʻO ke kāʻei holoholona
Ke ʻike nei ke ʻano o ka holoholona i kona nani a me kona mana. ʻO ka lōʻihi ma ke kino o ka pākeke e pili ana iā 3 mika. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona ma ka lulu ma kahi o 2 mika, ʻo ke kaʻe o ka ʻāʻī ma kahi ākea loa he 2.5-3 mau mika. Uaʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka mua o ke kino a me ka nui. ʻAno ke kua, pōkole. Me ka lihi o ke kua, kū i ka ʻāʻī o kahi puʻupuʻu nui. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Bison e ka umauma ākea a me kahi ʻāpana i ʻili ʻia o ka ʻōpū.
Hoʻololi ʻia ka poʻo i kālai ʻia. ʻO ia ke kumu e kū ai ke ʻano o ka huelo ma luna o ke poʻo. ʻO waho, pili ka maka o ke bison i ke kino. Kuhi ʻia kahi mahele nui. Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana parietal nā pū nunui. ʻO nā ʻeke o nā pū i hoʻokau pinepine ʻia a i ʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia. ʻŪleʻa nā lā ohe, ʻeleʻele. He liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, hoʻopuni, a uhi ʻia me ka lauoho mānoanoa. I ka wā nānā i ka ʻike, hikiʻole ke ʻike. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā holoholona i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia e nā mea ʻike ʻike, akā he mau ʻala maikaʻi a me ka hoʻolohe.
Wikiō: Bison
ʻO ka manaʻo hoihoi: Hiki i nā lauoho o nā holoholona ke ʻokoʻa nā ʻano like ʻole i ka subspecies a me kahi o ka noho. ʻO ka bison Bialowieza kahi pāpale hina-hina me ka pa keleawe-brown. Hoʻomaʻomaʻo loa ka lauoho ma ke poʻo i kahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, kokoke i kahi ʻumi ʻeleʻele. I ka hoʻoilo, ua māiʻu ʻia a ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano:
- ʻO nā leʻa he 32 mau niho,
- Oral rongoa, me nā lehelehe a me ka alapi, ʻulaʻula kala-lilac,
- Mālama ʻia ke alelo ʻana me ka papillae nui,
- ʻO ka pōkole, pōkole
- ʻAno nui, nā maka ʻeleʻeleʻele
- ʻO nā wāwae mānoanoa, ikaika a paʻa i nā wāwae,
- ʻO ka lōʻihi lōʻihi mai 60 a 85 sentimita,
- Ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka huelo me kahi pala fluffy
- Aia i ka wahi o ka umauma anterior a me nā ʻāpana ʻāhiu o ka ʻumiʻumi,
- Kapulu kihakiliki ka lauoho, e uhi ai ke poʻo a me ka umauma,
- ʻO ka hele ʻana o kahi hump,
- ʻO nā pepeiaohao
- ʻO ka nui o kahi pākeke a hiki i ka 800-900 kilograms,
- ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mele ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻOiai ke ʻano nui o kā lākou mea nui, hiki i ka bison ke lele i luna o ka mea e pili ana i ka palena ʻo 1.5-2 mika ke kiʻekiʻe.
No laila mākou i paʻi pono ai i ke ʻano o ka bison a me ke kaupaona ʻana. ʻĀnō e ʻike i kahi e noho ai ka bison.
Aia i hea ka bison noho?
Kiʻi ʻOihana
ʻO nā bison ka hoahānau o nā bipi hihiu. A hiki i ka manawa luku nui, kanu lākou i kahi ākea ākea. Noho lākou i ka nui ma Caucasus, ma ke komohana, hema a me waena oʻEulopa, Iran, a me Scandinavia. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui ia manawa i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa ʻaʻole lākou i loko o ka ululāʻau, akā aia nō hoʻi ma nā wahi ākea - nā kihi, nā awāwa. A e hoʻokuʻi aku nei lākou, hele nā ʻelele o nā ʻano pili i nā wahi kupupaʻu a me nā wahi mamao.
I kēia mau lā, ʻo nā bison kahi holoholona kahi ala ala lāʻau, nā nahele e pili kokoke ana i nā kino wai. I kēia lā, ke ʻano nui o ko lākou wahi noho o ka ʻāina ʻo Belovezhskaya Pushcha
ʻIke mākou i kahi e noho ai ka bison, inā mākou e nānā i kēia mea e ʻai ai.
He aha nā mea ʻai eʻai?
Kiʻi: Bison mai ka Puke ʻaha
Kamaʻai - holoholona holoholona. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai o ka ungulates i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻehā mau haneli mau ʻano o nā mea kanu i hiki i lilo i kumu no ka mea o kēia ʻelele. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā bison ma luna o nā kumulāʻau, nā lau, nā ʻōpio ʻōpala o nā mea kanu lāʻau, lichens.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: Hoʻoponopono ke ʻano o ka meaʻai e ka wahi o ke noho, a me ke ʻano ʻano a me ka wā kūlohelohe. I ke kauwela, ʻai nā holoholona i nā huaʻa, maple greens ma ka nui. I ka wā lulu hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā huaʻai, nā hua waina, nā huaʻai, nā hazelnuts.
I ka awelika, koi kekahi kanaka makua ma kahi o 45-55 kilograms o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. Ke mālama ʻia i nā wahi palekana, e hānai ʻia nā bison me ka mauʻu. Hoʻolālā wale kēlā mau kahu ʻai holoholona no kēia ʻano holoholona. ʻO nā kuleana o nā holoholona holoholona ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻolana ʻana e hoʻoulu ai i ka huhū a me nā hoʻouka kaua ʻana mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka bison.
ʻO ka mea nui ka wai. Pono ʻia kona ʻai ʻana i nā holoholona i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻOiai inā e hūnā iā lākou mai ka lā wela i ka ulu lāʻau, ma ka hopena o ka lā e hele lākou i kahi wai.
Ua ʻike mākou ua ʻai ʻia nā bison, i kēia manawa e hoʻomaopopo mākou i kāna ʻano a me kona ʻano.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kiʻi ʻOihana: Bison ma Lūkia
Ma ke kūlohelohe, ʻike ʻia nā bison i nā holoholona maluhia a mālie. Kahi hewa ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻouka huakaʻi no lākou. ʻAʻole makaʻu ke kanaka e hālāwai me ia. Hiki i ka holoholona ke hoʻokokoke i nā kānaka i kahi kokoke.ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻonāukiuki a hoʻomohala inā ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli iā lākou. Eia naʻe, inā ka holoholona ka manaʻo he hoʻoweliweli iā ia iho a i kāna huaʻī, lilo ia i mea ikaika loa a weliweli loa. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā kani e like me ka snort.
ʻO nā manaʻo hoihoi: ʻO kahi lulu o ke poʻo hoʻi e hōʻike ana he palupalu nā holoholona. I ka huʻi ʻia, wikiwiki ʻia ka bison a pā aku me nā pepe nui, ikaika. I ka holoholona, ua ulu maoli ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka mālama ponoʻī.
Inā he mea paʻa i ke ala o kahi holoholona hihiu e pōʻino ana iā ia, e makemake paha ia e pale aku. ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻia ʻo Bison i nā holoholona hoʻomaha. Kuhi lākou i ka bipi, aia mai nā lā 3-4 a 16-20 mau makana o nā ʻano. ʻO ka ʻōpio a ka ʻōpio ke kino o nā pipi. Ma ke poʻo o ka hipa ka mea i ʻike mau ai i ka wahine ʻike. Ke alakaʻi nei nā Males i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa. Hoʻokomo lākou i ka pipi i ka wā i mare ai. I ka hoʻoilo, nā hui nui, hui pū ʻia nā kahu liʻiliʻi.
Nā mea kanu lāʻau. E hele i ka hana i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. I ke ao holoʻokoʻa, hoʻomaha pinepine lākou, hiamoe, ʻauʻau i ka one, bask i ka lā, chew chew, a me ka huluhulu. I ka pūnāwai, e hui kokoke nā holoholona i nā kumu wai. I ke kauwela, i kahi wela nui, ma ka hewa'ē aʻe, ua laweʻia lākou i loko o nā ululā lāʻau. Ke hala ʻole o nā mea kanu, hiki iā lākou ke hele i nā lōʻihi mamao i ka ʻimi ʻana. He nā wāwae ikaika lākou e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke huakaʻi i kahi lōʻihi ʻole me ka luhi. Hiki iā Bison ke ʻauʻau.
Ua hoʻouka pinepine ʻia ʻo Bison e nā poʻe hoʻohewa. I kēia manawa, lawe lākou i kahi kūlana pale i ke ʻano o ke apo, i waenakonu o nā lālā nāwaliwali a ikaika ʻole hoʻi o ka hui.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Whakaahua: Bison Cub
E hoʻomaka ana ka manawa male bison i ka hopena o Iulai a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ʻOkakopa. I loko o kēia manawa, hakakā nā kāne me kekahi no ke kuleana e mare me ka wahine. ʻO nā Males e alakaʻi nei i kahi kaila noho manuahi e noho ana, e kaʻi ana i ka poʻe ʻōpio mai ia. Ma hope o kēia, hoʻomaka ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo wahine. Inā he mau mea noi e komo aku i loko o ka mare me ka wahine hoʻokahi, e hakakā nā kāne. Ua haʻalele ka mea lanakila i ka bipi, e hoʻomau ana ka mea lanakila i ka hoʻāhewa ʻana.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻo ka wā gestation e mau loa 9 mau mahina. I ka manawa e ʻike ʻia ai ke keiki, ke ʻimi nei kona makuahine i kahi wahi neoneo. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē i hoʻokahi manawa i ka manawa, ʻokoʻa loa i ka nui o ʻelua. ʻO ka paona kino kino hanohano o kahi pēpē 2326 kilograms.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, kuʻi nui ka wahine i kāna mau ʻāpana. Ma hope o 1.5-2 mau hola mai ka wā hānau, hiki i ke pēpē ke kū ma luna o kona mau wāwae a hoʻokuʻu ʻoluʻolu ma hope o ka makuahine. ʻImi nā ʻili ʻo nā ʻili no ka honi. ʻO ka wahine me kāna keiki e hoʻi hou ana i ka pipi ma hope o nā lā 2-3 e ʻike i kāna mau lālā a pau.
ʻO ka manawa mua e nānā ana ke pēpē i nā mea kanu ma hope o nā hebedoma 3-4 mai ka wā o ka hānau ʻana. Eia naʻe, hoʻomau ka hū waiū i ka mākelineka a hiki i ka makahiki. Noho nā Cubs ma hope o ko lākou makuahine ma kahi heʻe a hiki i 3-4 makahiki. Kahi ʻia mai nā holoholona ʻōpio, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka hui. Ma nā hui liʻiliʻi he mau no nā makahiki mua. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike a me ka ikaika, hoʻomaka ka poʻe i ke alakaʻi i kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa, kūʻokoʻa.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana a hiki i ka 5-6 mau makahiki, e lilo nā ʻōpio i ka moekolohe a hiki i ka makahiki o 3-5 o kona mau makahiki. Hiki i ka wahine ke hāʻawi i nā keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hana ma ka hoʻopili hou o ka genus, ʻo ka mea nui i ka makahiki 6 a 16 ka makahiki. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a me nā ʻelemakule o nā kāne ikaika a nā kāne ikaika. ʻO ka palena maʻamau o ke bison i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he 30-35 mau makahiki. I nā mālama kūlohelohe hiki ke ola 5 5 mau makahiki hou aku.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Kuhi: he pua o ke bison
Ma nā wahi kūlohelohe, nā ʻenemi nui o ka bison he mau holoholona makehewa.
ʻO nā mea ʻino loa i ka poʻe mea ʻōpiopio e pili ana i ka poʻe ʻōpio, me ka maʻi, nāwaliwali a me nā bison kahiko. Hiki i nā wahine a me nā kāne ke hoʻolei maikaʻi i kekahi mea e ʻike ʻia. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa he mea hōʻeuʻeu ia i nā kāne lone, e hakakā ana mai ka pūʻulu wahine mai nā pūʻali. I kēia hihia, lanakila lākou ma muli o ka pono kālā.
ʻO kaʻoi aku i nā mea kikokiko kūlohelohe, ʻike ʻia ka ʻenemi he mea pōʻino o ka bison. ʻ saylelo ʻepekema ʻoi loa ia he mea lawaiʻa a me nā poʻi waha i mea pau loa i kēia mau luna o ka poʻe lewa i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Wahi a nā helu nūnū, i ka makahiki 1920 ua aneane loa nā ʻano mai ka maka o ka honua. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopakele wale nō i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā wahi i pale ʻia a me nā paka kūloko, a no ka neʻe ʻana i kekahi poʻe i mālama ʻia i nā hale pilikino.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: I nā kenekulia i hala, ua nui nā mea kālepa a me nā luna o ka hanohano i ʻimi holoholona nui ʻia no ka nui o lākou. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻia nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i ka waiwai kūikawā, no ka mea he palupalu a me ka ʻono loa.
Pono e hoʻolilo ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea pōkole a me nā mea kauhiku, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o nā holoholona ma ke ʻano o ka maʻi. Hoʻopili kēia i nā maʻi palekana, infestations helminthic, wāwae a me nā waha, ka anthrax, a me nā ala o ka gastrointestinal.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Hoʻi kiʻi: Bison Calf
I kēia lā, ua hāʻawi manawaleʻa ʻia ka bison i ke kūlana o nā ʻano pau ʻole. ʻO ke hoʻonui hoʻonui i ka nui o nā kānaka i alakaʻi i nā palena o nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia e ke kanaka. Ua ʻoki ʻia ka ulu lāʻau ma kahi ākea nui, ua luku ʻia nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole.
I ka wā kahiko, nui ka noho ʻana o kēia mau holoholona ikaika. Noho lākou i nā ʻāina a pau o Eurasia. Ka poʻi a me ka luku ʻana i nā helu he nui i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, ua loaʻa wale ʻo bison ma ka ʻāina ʻo Belovezhskaya Pushcha a me kahi Caucasus. I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o 65 mau kānaka i koe o ka honua.
I kēia lā, mahalo i nā hana a nā ʻepekema, ʻaʻole wale nō ka mea e mālama wale ai, akā e hoʻonui pū ai i ka nui o nā holoholona hihiu. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, ma ka honua aia he mau liʻiliʻi ma mua o 3,000 mau kānaka no 2006. ʻO ka hapalua wale wale nō o lākou i vivo.
- I mea e mālama ai i nā ʻano, ua hele mai ke bison me nā hoahānau pili kokoke - nā bison ʻAmelika,
- I mea e mālama ai i nā ʻike o nā ʻelele o nā momi manuahi, ua helu ʻia nā ʻano i loko o ka papa inoa o IUCN Red List.
- Kuhi ʻia ka holoholona ma ka Red Book o Lūkia me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kūlana o "nā ʻano holoholona e kau ʻia ana ma kahi hope"
Palekana ʻo Bison
Kuhi: Bison i ka hoʻoilo
Ma 1923, i ka International Congress no ka Conservation Nature, ua hāpai ʻia ka nīnau e pili ana i ka pono e mālama i nā lehulehu a me ka hoʻonui ʻana iā lākou. Mai kēia manawa mai ka pāpā ʻia no lākou. I ka ʻaha kūkā like ʻana, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kekahi koloka e mālama i nā bipi hihiu nui. Ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ke kau inoa a me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o nā mea e kū nei i ke kūlohelohe kūlohelohe.
Ma ka hopena o 30s, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona i ka 50. Hoʻomaka ʻo Zoologists i nā hana nui i ka hopu ʻana a me ka hānai i nā holoholona i nā kūlana o nā wahi hānai, nā kīwaha aupuni.
I kēia manawa, hana ikaika i ka mālama a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā ʻano mea i ʻike ʻia i loko o kēia mau ʻaoʻao:
- Ke pale aku nei i ka poʻi,
- Luna kālai i ka hopu ʻana,
- Hoʻopaʻi hewa no ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i nā koi,
- Ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana ola,
- Ka huki ʻana o nā paka kūʻai o ke aupuni, nā wahi i mālama ʻia.
- Hānai i nā holoholona.
ʻO ka paka nui o ka ʻāina nui kahi nona nā holoholona pio mua i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, ʻo Belovezhskaya Pushcha Aia wale ma ka ona wahi he ehiku haneli mau kānaka e noho nei. I nā makahiki 40, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papahana e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka bara Caucasian. Ua kāpae ʻia lākou i ka ʻāina o ka mokukaua ʻo Caucasian.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: Wahi a ka 'ikepili hou loa, ua hana nā zoologists i kahi loiloi o nā bison i ka makahiki 2016. I loko o kēia hanana, ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā holoholona i 6,000. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou e noho ana ma luna o ke kaiāulu o nā ʻāina kūloko.
Kamaʻai - He manu nani a nani kēia. ʻAʻole makehewa kēia e hana nui ana i ke kanaka e hoʻoponopono i kāna mau hewa a hoʻopakele i kēia holoholona kupaianaha. ʻO kēia lā, manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka bison ka holoholona wale nō i ka honua, ua pau ka make ʻana o ka poʻe pōachers, a ua ola hou a noho hou i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.