Hōʻuluʻulu ka nui o ka marten, uhi ʻia i ka hulu, ʻōlelo nui, e ʻōlelo i like me ka lōʻihi i ke kino. Ke hoʻokō nei ka huelo ʻaʻole wale ka hana o ka hoʻonani, akā hana nō hoʻi - ke hoʻohana ʻana, ke mālama nei ka mea marten i ka kūpaʻa i ka wā e huki ana a neʻe paha ma nā lālā lāʻau.
He pōkole ke ʻano o ka wahie o ka holoholona, i ka manawa hoʻoilo ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilo. ʻAe kēia i ka holoholona e holo wikiwiki me ka hau a me ka hoʻoilo ma ka pilikia ʻole. Hoʻopau kēlā me kēia wāwae i nā manamana lima ʻelima me nā pihi ʻihi e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka hapalua o ka nui.
He lōʻihi a ākea ka helehelena o ka pine marten, pili i ka holoholona a he niho koʻikoʻi a he niho koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā pepeiao o ka mea wānana ka mea kūpono i ka like, he muzzle relational nui. I ka pito aia poepoe lākou, he aniani ka melemele ke kala ʻona.
ʻEleʻele ka ihu o ka marten, kuhikuhi. Eʻeleʻele nā maka, ʻoiai e mālama ana lākou i kahi kala keleawe iki. Ke nānā ʻia nei mai luna o kahi kiʻi o ka holoholona, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka manaʻo maikaʻi loa. Ke nānā iā ia iho ka nānā ʻana me ke aloha a me ka palaka ʻole, he kūpono ke nānā ʻana iā ia. Pono e nānā pono i nā hulu manu holoholona kiʻekiʻe a me ke kala kupaianaha.
Hiki ke kala i ka lole o ka hulu manu o ka holoholona ma o ka nini a me ka mea aniani ke aniani, i ka ulaula. Ma ke kua, nā wāwae a me ke poʻo, maʻamau ka pā o ka hulu ma ka ʻili o nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao. Hōʻalo i ka hope ma mua (no ka ʻeleʻele.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka pine marten mai nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā hua ʻano he pale ʻono o ka lauoho i loko o ka ʻāʻī, aia kekahi o ka lele ʻana i nā wahi mua. Mai laila mai ka inoa he inoa ʻo ka beret, he inoa ʻē aʻe no ka holoholona - ka hua melemele.
E like me ka nui, ua hoʻohālikelike ka marten iā ʻoe i nā pōpoki nui makua. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hiki i 55 centimeter, a ʻo ka ʻāpana ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 26 cm. Hoʻohālikelike me kahi kāne makua, ʻo ka pava kahi ʻakolu a emi iho.
Hoʻaiho
Kokoke a hiki i kēia wā, loloa ka nui o nā ulu lāʻau ʻo Eurasian e nā martens pine. Noho kēia mau holoholona i kahi ākea ākea: mai Caucasus a me Iran, ke komohana o Siberia a me Corsica, ma ka pō o nā ʻāina ʻo Asia Minor a me Sisila, i nā mokupuni ʻo Mediterranean a me Sardinia.
Hoʻohui pinepine ka ʻōpio i nā wahi ulu ma nā lāʻau lāʻau pohulihi, nā lāʻau ulu ʻāʻī. ʻIke ʻia i nā manawa pinepine e loaʻa ai lākou i ka ʻāina palaki coniferous. Ma nā hihia kūʻokoʻa loa, hiki i ka pine marten ke kanu i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe, akā aia wale kahi i loaʻa ai nā lāʻau.
ʻO kahi wahi kūpono e noho ai (nā holoholona o nā holoholona he mau nahele i loaʻa i nā lāʻau me kahi hakahaka. Ma luna o kēia mea, ākea a hamama nā wahi o ka marten puka wale nō i ka mea no ka lawaiʻa.
ʻAʻole kūpono kēia holoholona i kahi pilikino i ka noho kaʻawale a me ka noho paʻa. I ka manawa pinepine, loaʻa i ka melone ka hiapo ponoʻi, nā ʻuʻuku kahiko, nā puʻukū makani i haʻalele ʻia e nā poli, ke koho ʻana i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe mai ka 5-6 mika. Kēia i kuʻi ai ka marten i ka wā e waiho i ke koena i ke ahiahi.
Ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ka nui o ke ahiahi a me ke ahiahi, hele aku ka mea kōleʻa e ʻimi e ʻimi no ka ʻai, a laila hele i kahi e hoʻomaha ai. Eia nō naʻe, inā hele mai ka frosts koʻikoʻi i ka marten, e loli paha kaʻiʻo. I kēia hihia, noho ka holoholona no ka manawa lōʻihi ma ka pale, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea i hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia no ka meaʻai. E makemake ana ke kaikamahine melemele i kahi e kaawale ai ka poʻe a me nā noho ʻana.
ʻO ka moʻomeheu o ka hulu manu ka mea i hoʻoholo ai ka pine marten he holoholona koʻikoʻi nui o nā holoholona marten huaʻa. No laila ,ʻike ka mea melele i ka pilikia nui me ka hoʻouluulu a me ke ola. Hoʻolaha ka mea liʻiliʻi i kēia: ʻo ka mea maʻi i ka manawa wale nō ke emi nei i nā wahi ulu i kūpono no ke noho ʻana i ka holoholona, akā ʻo ka hoʻonui i ka helu o ka poʻe maʻi e makemake e kūʻai i ka hale underfur.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona
ʻAʻole makaʻu ka marten i nā poʻo kiʻekiʻe o nā kumulāʻau, hiki ke kaalo iki ka mea aloha mai kahi lālā a hiki i kahi lālā, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka lele holoholona e hiki aku i ʻehā mau mita. ʻOiai ma ka honua o hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i ka lele. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka marten he lawaiʻa maikaʻi, a hiki iā ia ke komo i ka wai i nā kūlana kūʻokoʻa.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pine marten e ka agility, dexterity a me ka wikiwiki. Hiki i ka holoholona ke lanakila i kahi mamao ma kahi manawa pōkole. Hōʻī ka nui o nā mea hoʻohālua ʻē aʻe i kona mau maka maka, lohe a me ke ʻano o ka honi, nā mea e maikaʻi ai iā ia ma ke ʻano o ka hopu. He mea maʻalahi aʻoluʻolu ka mea kanu melemele, nani a pākiki. I kā lākou ʻohana ponoʻī, ke kamaʻilio nei nā martens e hoʻohana ana i nā kani i kekahi maka me ka pahele a manu ʻole paha. Ua like nā cubs o kēia mau holoholona i ke kani e like me ka twitter.
ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau holoholona i makemake ke noho wale, ʻokoʻa ma kahi o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano. ʻO kēlā me kēia holoholona i kona kumu hoʻolilo ponoʻī. Hoʻopili ʻia ka marten i kona wahi e hoʻohana ana i nā hōʻailona ʻoniʻoni kūikawā, ʻike ʻia ma muli o nā mea i ʻike ʻia e nā mea huna ʻona mai nā kohu anal. Hiki i kahi wahine hoʻokamakani ke noho i kahi he 5000 hekahi. ʻO ka hapa nui, ʻo ka wahine nā pūnaewele he mau manawa ma mua o nā kāne. Eia kekahi, hiki ke emi iki ka wahi me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa anuanu.
Mālama ʻo Males i kā lākou ʻāina pilikino ma o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻano. Eia kekahi, i kekahi wahine a me nā kāne, ʻokoʻa ka "ʻokoʻa". Eia nō hoʻi, inā hui ʻelua kāne i waho o ka manawa o ka rut, a laila ʻo ka maʻamau ʻaʻole ia i hele pū me nā skirmishes a me ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hoʻouka ʻana.
Ma mua o ka paʻu marten
He holoholona hihiu kēia holoholona i ka meaʻai, he mea hoʻohanohano omnivorous. ʻO ka pauku o ka pine marten ua paʻa a me ka hoʻoholo ʻia e ka manawa kauwela, ka laulā o kona nohona a me ka hiki ke loaʻa nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe. Akā, naʻe, ʻo ka mea maʻamau o kāna kīpē he meaʻai no ka hoʻomaka ʻana holoholona. ʻO nā kāhuna maʻamau ʻo ia ka mea punahele punahele o ka pine marten.
ʻIke iā ia e hiki ana i ka ʻimi lawaiʻa e hopu hopu i ka ʻuā i loko o kahi paʻa. Akā inā inā ʻaʻole kēia mea, hiki i ka marten ke alualu i ka ʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi, e neʻe nei ma hope o nā lālā o nā lāʻau. ʻO kēlā wale nō kahi papa inoa makana o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, ukali e wehe aʻe ka mea marten i kāna ʻimi aloha. Hiki ke hoʻohui wale ʻia lākou i nā snaila maʻamau a me nā mea leʻaleʻa maule a me nā hedgehog. Eia nō hoʻi he mea make ko kahi mea nāna e hōʻino i kāna mea nāna e pepehi, ʻo ka hōʻeha ʻana i kahi mea ʻē ʻole i hoʻopau ʻia ma kona ʻāʻī. ʻAʻole makemake ka holoholona holoholona i ke kalapu.
I ka hoʻomaka mua o ke kauwela a me ka wā lohi, ikaika mau ka pine marten i ka hoʻohou hou i kona kino ponoʻī i nā huaora e pono ai. ʻAi ka ʻōpū i nā huaʻai, nā hua waina hihiu, nā huaʻai e ulu ana ma nā lāʻau, a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe i waiwai o ke ʻano loea. ʻO ka nui kīnā ʻole o ka meaʻai i ka peʻa no ka lā apopo i kahi paʻa i hopu ʻia. ʻO ka hapa nui, makemake kēia holoholona e ʻai i ka hua deran a i nā blueberries.
Ke ola a me ke hoʻohuli
I ke kauwela kauwela, e hoʻomaka ka manawa rutting i ka pine marten. Ua koho ke kāne makua kāne ʻo Wotan i hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau wahine no ka moe ʻana. He pīhoihoi ia me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke kapa ʻia he hewa rutting hewa e hiki mai i martens. Ma kēia hihia, aia lākou, e hōʻike ana i ka hopohopo, kipi a me ka militance, akā, ʻaʻole kēia e alakaʻi i ka māla pono.
Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka hua, hānau nā pava no 236-274 lā. I ka pō o ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki, ua aloha ke aloha i ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kona home, a lilo iā ia he caponier. Malaila ʻo ia a waiho a hiki i (hiki ʻole i hānau ʻia kēia pēpē. Kahi wahine, hānau ʻia ka lōʻihi. Ant. Me ʻewalu mau cub. Kēia uhi ʻia ke kino o kēlā pēpē me nā hulu ʻālea a pōkole, ʻōpiopio nā kuli i nā makapo i ka wā mua.
Ma hope wale iho o ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ʻekolu mau hebedoma i hala aku nei, hoʻomaka nā pēpē e lohe i nā leo, a ma ka lā 28 ua wehe nā yawl. Inā makemake kahi wahine i ka huki wahine, hiki iā ia ke waiho i ka hua no kekahi manawa. ʻO nā hihia ʻole, ʻaʻole, a i ia, pilikia ia, lawe ka makuahine iā lākou i kahi puʻupuʻu maikaʻi.
Ma ka piha o ʻehā mau mahina, hiki i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ua hōʻike i ke kūʻokoʻa a loaʻa i kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī, akā no ka manawa ua noho iki lākou i ka manawa e noho ana lākou ma kahi o ko lākou makuahine. ʻO ka ola o ka pine marten e hua liʻiliʻi he ʻenehana nui loa, akā ma ke ʻano maikaʻi loa ʻo ia a hiki i ka ʻumikumamālima mau makahiki.
Papa mea
He paʻakikī nui ka pine marten e hua ma kahi ʻoihana i hana ʻia. ʻO ka hapa nui, nā hui he nui o kēia mau holoholona e noho nei i loko o nā Zoos e pili ana i Germany a me Austria. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā mea aloha o nā mea hoʻoweliweli e mālama iā lākou i kā lākou ʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole ia i ʻike pehea e ʻano ai ka marten i kekahi kanaka i nā kūlana o ka hale. E aloha a hilahila kekahi mau hui, ae hoʻoneʻe hou kekahi i kekahi, ae hoʻomaka nā mea ʻē aʻe e hōʻike i kahi ʻano like ʻole.
ʻOiai ke kuhi nei iā lākou, ua pau ka hana o nā pine pine. I ka wā hopohopo, loaʻa lākou i ka hopu, kahi e kū nei me nā mea hoʻonaninani loa, i kekahi mau hihia, me nā mea hoʻomau. No laila, ma hope o kekahi manawa, hoʻokani manu ka holoholona. ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku ma kahi o ka uku, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka uka, akā i kekahi manawa aia me ka make o kekahi marten.
Hiki i ka limeum ka melemele keʻokeʻo kahi maikaʻi wale nō no nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, akā no nā kānaka nō hoʻi. ʻO Marten kahi mea mālama pono o nā rabies, nā hua a me nā aniani, a me nā maʻi maʻi. Eia kekahi, hoʻopiʻi ʻo marten ma luna o nā coops hayam.
Aia i ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi o kēia holoholona nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili kēia me ka ʻīlio, lynx a i ʻole owl mele, kahi alopio a me kekahi mau manu, no ka laʻana, he kahua kaua a he aila gula paha. Mai nā mea puni honua, hiki ke nalowale ka marten ma nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻolaha pinepine ia a, a ʻo nā mea kahu holoholona nui e pepehi i nā mea melemele, kahi i maikaʻi ʻole no ka meaʻai, a e kāpae i kahi mea hoʻokūkū pololei ma ke kaulahao trophic.
I kēia manawa, aia nā kānaka o ka pine martens i kahi mea a puni 200 tausani poʻo. Eia kekahi, mahalo ʻo ia i hiki i nā mea melemele ke pālua i nā luna o nā ʻano sable. I kēia hihia, ulu wale ka kīleʻa, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Kindus.
Forest marten. Forest marten ola a me ka noho ʻana
ʻO kahi mammal predatory me ka hulu lōʻihi mai ka ʻohana o marten a me nā genen marten i kapa ʻia he pine marten. I kekahi ala, ʻo ia kekahi i kapa ʻia o ka ʻeleʻele. Pine marten oblong a ʻoluʻolu.
ʻO kona ʻili momona nani a nani i kona mau hapa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. ʻAʻole ka lawelawe lā ʻo ka huelo i kahi hoʻohanohano o kēia holoholona, me kona kōkua i ka mea marten ke hoʻomau i ka pale ʻana i ka wā e lele ana a ʻo ka piʻi ʻana ʻana i nā kumulāʻau.
Hōʻike ʻia kona mau wāwae ʻehā e kona mau wāwae i ka hulu me ka hulu me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo ka holoholona i neʻe i ka holo ma mua o ka hau a me ka hau. Ma kēia mau wāwae ʻehā he ʻelima mau manamana lima, me nā kāwili lima.
Hiki iā lākou ke huki i ka hapalua. ʻO ka maka o ka maka o ka marten ākea a pālahalaha loa. He iwi ikaika ka holoholona a me nā niho koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka pepeiao ka pepeiao o nā marten he lapalapa nui, kahi nui e pili ana i nā muzzle. Ma luna ua kāʻei ʻia lākou a me kahi kāʻeleʻele melemele.
ʻIli ʻia ka ihu, ʻeleʻele. Pōʻele ka lā; Forest marten i ke kiʻi waiho wale ai i nā manaʻo maikaʻi. ʻIke i kahi mea hoʻomehana a maikaʻi ʻole ʻole me kahi ʻano hala ʻole. ʻO ke kala nani a maikaʻi loa o ka hulu marten ke kau nei.
Mai ke aniani māmā mai me ka yellowness a ka brown. Ma ka wahi o ke kua, ke poʻo a me nā wāwae, ʻoliʻoli mau ka lauoho i ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao. Kele pinepine ka ʻele o ka huelo o ka holoholona.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka marten mai nā meaʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe a pau ka peni ʻula a ʻulaʻula paha i ka ʻāʻī o ke ʻāʻī, e hāloe ʻia ana ma mua o nā wāwae mua. Mai kēia mai ka inoa mai o ka inoa inoa o ka marten - ka mea ola melemele.
ʻO nā kiko o kahi neʻe e like me nā pōpoki nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi kino 34-57 cm.ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka peʻa 17-29 cm.ʻO ka wahine ka 30% ma lalo o nā kāne.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho home o ka pine marten
Hoʻopuni ka ʻāina ākea o Eurasia i nā luna o kēia ʻano. Noho ka Martens ma ka nahele i kekahi wahi nui. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma nā wahi e hoʻomaka ana mai Great Britain a e hoʻopau ana me Western Siberia, Caucasus a me nā mokupuni ʻo Mediterranean, Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia, Iran a me Asia Minor.
E makemake ana ka holoholona i ke ʻano o nā nahele i hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻopunipuni, ʻaʻole i loaʻa pinepine nā conifers. Auka pinepine ka marten i noho i nā mauna i ke kuahiwi, akā aia wale nō ma nā wahi aia kahi kumu lāʻau.
E makemake ana ka holoholona i nā lāʻau me nā hollows. Ma ke kahua ākea hiki iā ia ke hele wale no ka mahiʻai. ʻO nā wahi kūpono o nā pōhaku no ka marten he wahi kūpono ʻole ia.
ʻAʻohe noho paʻa i ka pēpē melemele. Ua mālama ʻo ia i nā lāʻau i ke kiʻekiʻe o 6 mika, ma nā puʻu poloka, nā nalo, nā pale, a me nā puahiʻu. I nā wahi, e pau ka holoholona no ka hoʻomaha o kahi lā.
I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pua nani, hoʻomaka ka mea nāna e ʻimi, a ma hope o ka holo ʻana i ka wahi ma kahi e. Akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā frosts koʻikoʻi, he loli paha kona kūlana ola, noho ka marten no ka manawa lōʻihi e noho nei i loko o ka puʻu, e ʻai ana i nā lako i mālama ʻia i mālama mua ʻia. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka pine marten i ka noho mamao loa i nā kānaka.
Nā kiʻi o ka Marten ikaika i ka nānā aku iā ia me ka manaʻo a me kekahi makemake ʻole hiki ke lawe i ka holoholona i kona mau lima a me kahi hahau. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka poʻe hahai manu no kēia mau holoholona koʻikoʻi o kēia mau holoholona a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ulu lāʻau me nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka marten, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka noho ʻana no lākou e ola a hoʻoulu. Marten ma Rusia no ka mea ke manaʻo nui ʻia i nā holoholona waiwai nui ma muli o ka waiwai o kona hulu.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
E makemake ana ka pine marten i mea ola a hānai i nā lāʻau ma mua o nā mea āpau o kāna ʻano. Piki aku ʻo ia i kā lākou mau kahi noho. Kōkua kona ʻili iā ia e hoʻokūkū me kēia, lawelawe ʻo ia no ka marten, kahi huila, a i kekahi manawa he parachute, mahalo nui iā ia e lele ka holoholona a ʻaʻohe hopena.
ʻAʻole weliweli loa nā luna o nā kumulāʻau i kēia manawa, neʻe koke ia mai ka lālā i kekahi a hiki ke lele i ʻehā mau mika. Ma ka ʻāina, e lele ʻo ia nō hoʻi. He mākaukau ʻo ia e ʻauʻau, akā he lōʻihi loa ia.
I ke kiʻi, he pine marten i kahi hollow
He holoholona dexterous a wikiwiki hoʻi. Hiki iā ia ke uhi koke i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO kona ʻano kūpono o ka ʻono, ka ʻike a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe, e kōkua nui ana i ka wela. Ma kona ʻano, he holoholona wīwī a wiwo ʻole. Ma waena o lākou, kamaʻilio nā martens me nā purrs a me nā mea ulu, a nā leo e like me ka twitter e hiki mai ana i nā pēpē.
Mea ʻai
ʻAʻole ʻano ka holoholona i ka ʻai i ka meaʻai. E ʻai ka mea marten, e kau ana i ka manawa, kahi a me ka ʻai i ka pono. Akā makemake ʻo ia i ka meaʻai holoholona. ʻO ka mea make nui a marten ka mea kūʻai pono.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine loa, ua hopu ka mea wīwī i kahi pūpū pololei i loko o kona pūhaka, akā inā ʻaʻole kēia e hana, e ʻimi ʻo ia no ia a lōʻihi a kū hoʻi, e lele ana mai nā lālā a i ka lālā. Nui kahi papa inoa inoa o nā mākaʻi o ka honua holoholona i hāʻule i loko o ka hīnaʻi kolepa o ka marten.
Hoʻomaka mai nā sila liʻiliʻi, a pau me ka hares a me nā hedgehog. ʻO nā mea e pili ana i nā ʻike pili i ka pine marten ʻlelo lākou e pepehi iā ia me ka pōkiʻi hoʻokahi i ke kua o ke poʻo. ʻAʻole hōʻole ka mea nāna i ʻōlelo ʻole a hāʻule.
Ua hoʻohana ka holoholona i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo i mea e hoʻoulu ai i kona kino me nā huaora. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hua ʻai, nā huaʻa, nā huaʻai, nā mea āpau i nā microelement e pono ai. Hana nā marten i kekahi o lākou no ka wā e hiki mai ana a mālama iā lākou i kahi honu. ʻO ka leʻaleʻa punahele o ka melemele he blueberries a me ka lehu mauna.
Pākuʻi a me ke ola o ke ola ʻo ka pine marten
I ke kauwela, hoʻomaka kēia mau holoholona e wikiwiki. Hoʻokahi mau kāne kāne i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha wahine. I ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa pinepine ka martens i ka holo hoʻopunipuni. I kēia manawa, hana lākou i ka palaualelo, lilo i ʻano kaua a hoʻolauna wale, akā ʻaʻole i hana ka moena.
Hānau ka wahine a ka wahine ma 236-274 lā. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, mālama ʻo ia i ka pā a noho a ma laila ke ʻike ʻia nā pēpē. Ua hānau ʻia he 3-8 cubs. ʻOiai ua uhi ʻia lākou i ka hulu liʻiliʻi, ua makapō a me nā kuli.
ʻO nā kiʻi pine marten ʻōpio
Hoʻokiʻoki wale ka lohe ʻana i ka lā 23 wale nō, a hoʻomaka ka maka i ka ʻike ma ka lā 28. Hiki i ka wahine ke waiho i nā pēpē no ka lōʻihi o ka ʻimi. I ka hihia kūpono e pono ai, lawe ʻo ia iā lākou i kahi wahi palekana.
I nā malama ʻehā mau makahiki, hiki i nā holoholona ke noho noho ma luna o lākou iho, akā no kekahi manawa ke ola nei lākou me ko lākou makuahine. Noho ka marten a hiki i 10 mau makahiki, a ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, ʻo ke ola o kona ola he 15 mau makahiki ia.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ke kino
ʻO ka pine marten he elongated a mau a maʻalahi. ʻO ka huakaʻi fluffy i ka nui eʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ke kino. ʻO kāna hana nui, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike aʻo ka lele a me ka piʻi lāʻau.
ʻEhā mau wāwae pōkole ʻo ka marten, ua uhi ʻia kona mau wāwae me ka hulu i ka hoʻoilo. Ma muli o kēia, ua hoʻonui ʻia ko lākou kākoʻo, a e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka neʻe o ka holoholona i ka hoʻoilo. He ʻelima mau pepeiao i nā wāwae me nā puʻupuʻu i ke alo a hiki ke hoʻi hou ʻia i ka hapalua.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū o ka melemele he mākia kūikawā kahi huna hūnā, e hoʻohana ʻia e ka holoholona no ka hōʻailona. Loaʻa i nā wahine ʻelua nā momona mammary.
ʻO ka maka o ka pine marten he laulā, elongated me ka iwi ikaika a me nā niho koʻikoʻi. He pepeiao nui nā pepeiao i ke ʻano me nā ʻolua a puni, he ākea ka nui o ka lau melemele. ʻEleʻele ka ihu. Peleʻeleʻele loa nā maka; i ka pō ke ʻike ʻia nei he keleawe-ʻulaʻula.
Kāleka a me keʻano o ka huluhulu
Hiki ke kala i ka hulu pine marten mai ka nūnū māmā me ka lepa melemele a brown. I kekahi manawa he mau lauoho hina. Ua ʻoi aku ke kua o ke kua, ke poʻo a me nā wāwae ma mua o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao. I ka pau ʻana o ka huelo, ʻeleʻele ka lauoho.
Ma ka ʻōpū o ka marten a me ka umauma aia kahi kukui i wehewehe ʻia i ka melemele a i ʻole ka ʻulaʻula hoʻoneʻe e hāhola ʻia ana ma waho o nā wāwae mua. No laila, kapa ʻia kēlā i ka ʻenekele.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pine marten fur ka mea like me ka manawa. I ka hoʻoilo, ua lōʻihi ia, silky me nā lau māmā o ka pale a me nā lauoho waho. I ke kauwela, lilo ke kumu o ka integument i ka mea pōkole, pōkole ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, i ka puna, hoʻomaka ka marten i ka momi, mau a hiki i Kepakemapa.
Kahele
ʻO ka pine marten he pālahalaha nui i ka palena o ka nahele o ka mahele o Eurasian. Aia kona laha mai ka UK a hiki i Siberia Komohana, ma ke kūkulu hema ua palena ʻia i ka Caucasus a me nā mokupuni o ka Metia, a me Corsica, Sicily, Sardinia a pēlā aku. Eia kekahi, loaʻa kēia holoholona i Iran a me Asia Minor. Ma Islandi a ma ke kūloko Scandinavian ʻaʻole paha.
Hoʻaiho
Noho ka pine marten i loko o nā ululāʻau i hui ʻia a hoʻopunipuni ʻia, ʻaʻole hoʻi i loko o ka coniferous (spruce, fir). ʻO kekahi manawa hoʻokau ʻia i nā kuahiwi, akā no ka kiʻekiʻe wale nō e ulu ai nā lāʻau.
E makemake ana ka holoholona i ka ʻāina me nā lāʻau nui a me nā nāhelehele make. Hele i ka puka ākea wale nō i ka wā hahai. Akā, ʻo nā wahi e pili ana i ka pā pōhaku.
ʻAʻohe home mau ka yellowbird. Aia ma kona āina, hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i kekahi mau hale liʻiliʻi no ia iho, e koho ana i nā hollows no lākou ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 5 mika, hale hale poloka, nā nalo nui, nā wili, nā makani a me nā mea hou aku. Malaila ka hoʻomaha ʻana o ka marten i ka lā. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kakahiaka, hele ʻo ia i ka hiʻona, a i ke kakahiaka e hāpai i ka noho hou. Akā i loko o nā fru koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole holo paha ka holoholona i waho o ka huu no ka manawa lōʻihi, e ʻai ana i nā lako. Ua holo ka holoholona me kāna pūnaewele, me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i kona mau palena no nā makahiki he mau i ka lālani.
He mea pono ia e hoʻomaopopo ai, ʻaʻole e like me ka pōhaku marten, ʻike pinepine ka nahele ma kahi o ka poʻe.
Hoʻoikaika pili ʻana
Noho hoʻokahi wale ʻo Martens. Hōʻike kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka hoʻolālā pākahi. Hoʻolaha nā palena o ka palena o nā holoholona me ka hōʻailona ʻona i loaʻa e nā mea huna mai ka kelepa anal. ʻO ka ʻāpana "wahi" ma ka 3 a i 50 mau kilomita square. He liʻiliʻi nā wahi pae wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Eia kekahi, hōʻemi ko lākou waiwai i ka hoʻoilo.
Mālama nā Kanikela i ko lākou mau panalāʻau mai ka mea like ʻole o ka wahine like. A ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka manawa nui o nā "māhele" kane a me nā wahine. ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā kāne ʻelua ma waho o ka wā e moe ai, ʻaʻole i hui ʻia me nā mea hoʻonāukiuki.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pine marten ma mua o kona mau hoahānau e noho i nā lāʻau: ʻaʻole ia e noho wale i kā lākou pili, akā loaʻa pū nō hoʻi, e neʻe nei i nā lālā. E kōkua ke ʻano kūikawā o ke kino i ka holoholona e piʻi ai i kahi heʻe a kaʻe - ua huli kona mau wāwae i 180 deg. ʻO ka huluhulu manuahi e lawelawe nei i kahi pōloli, a inā pono, he parachute, mahalo ʻia i hiki i nā mea melemele ke lele i ka ʻāina mai kahi kiʻekiʻe mai ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
Ua neʻe koke ka pine marten mai ka lālā i nā lālā a hiki ma ka hale kiʻekiʻe o nā kumulāʻau. I loko o kekahi peke, hiki iā ia ke uhi i kahi lōʻihi a hiki i ʻehā mau mika. Ma ka ʻāina, e neʻe ka holoholona i nā lele. Hiki i ka marten ke aʻauau, akā he mea maʻamau loa.
ʻO kēia mea hoʻohālike, koi a wikiwiki hoʻi i ka wikiwiki, ua loaʻa ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻono, ka ʻike a me ka lohe, hopu nui iā ia i ka pō i loko o kona wahi, a i ka lā e hoʻomaha ai ma kahi hoʻomaha.
He pāʻani a nānā nui ke ʻano o nā martens. ʻO ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me lākou iho, hiki i nā holoholona ke ulu a uluwili paha, a i ʻole nā keiki e kani like me ka twitter.
I ke kūlohelohe, noho nā martens ma ka pae he ʻekolu a ʻehā mau makahiki, akā hoʻokele kekahi mau mea i hiki aku i ka ʻumikumamākahi mau makahiki. Ma ka pio, ke ola nei ʻo lākou a ʻewalu makahiki.
Kanikau
ʻO ka hona no ka ʻonekele i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio, nā lynxes, a me nā manu nui: nā ʻaleʻa, nā ʻānela a me nā aeto gula. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole nā pepehi ʻana e pepehi iā ia no ka meaʻai. I kekahi mau hihia, ke kāpae wale nei lākou i ka mea hoʻokūkū nāna i ʻai i kā lākou meaʻai. Mai nā ʻenemi ua holo ka holoholona, e peʻe ana i nā kumulāʻau.
He aha nā mea o nā martens?
He mau wahi kikoʻelima kēia mau ʻōhua: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā holoholona, ma muli o nā ʻano, he 30 a 75 cm, ka lōʻihi o ka huelo he 12-45 cm, a ʻo ke kaupaona ʻo 0.5-6 kg. I nā ʻano maʻi āpau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
He makeha elongated ka marten, he muzzle sphenoid a me nā pepeiao pepeiao, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kā lākou mau hoaaloha - weasels a trochees. ʻO ka huluhulu manuahi, e hana nei e like me ke kaupaona ʻana, a me nā ʻalā nui me nā huluhulu huluhulu me nā puʻupuʻu paʻa e hāʻawi i nā pono maikaʻi no kēia mau holoholona semi-iha - holo koke lākou mai kahi lālā a ka lālā. ʻO nā niho, e like me nā mea i haki ʻia, he mea koʻikoʻi loa.
I ke kiʻi, hōʻike ka marten i kona mau niho.
ʻOloʻala a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka marten fur, ʻākeleʻeleʻele hoʻi i ka huelo a me nā wāwae. Aia kahi wahi kukui ma ka ʻāʻī, he ʻano ʻeleʻele kahi.
He aha kā lākou mea e ʻai ai?
E hānai ana ʻo Martens i nā mōmona liʻiliʻi, nā manu, nā iʻa, nā pepeke, a i kekahi manawa nā huaʻai. He poʻe hune ʻole lākou a pau, me ka ʻimi a me ka alualu ʻana i ka pio, ʻaʻohe mea ma kahi e hūnā ai ia. He mau huaʻala momona maikaʻi a hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā manu a me nā squirrels pololei i kā lākou mau ihu. I mea e ola ai kekahi meaʻai hānai, hiki i nā holoholona ke loaʻa i ka ʻai i ka wā he nui i ka wā e nui ai. Ke luku nei lākou i ka nui o ka mea i hiki ai iā lākou ke hana, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea e ʻai ai lākou.
Na palapala kapu
Aia i ka laulā, nā ʻano o waho i nā pine mart, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ke kala a me nā ʻano o ko lākou hulu, a me ka nui o ke kino, e loli ikaika. Ma kēia hihia, ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā ʻano papa inoa o ka holoholona.
- ʻO Martes Martes Martes maʻamau ka marten brown o nā nui nui me kahi ʻāpana pale. Noho ia ma ka ʻākau o Rusia a ma ʻEulopa maʻEulopa.
- ʻO Martes M. Borealis - e noho ana ma ka ʻĀkau o Eurasia.
- ʻO Martes M. Latinorum - i lawe ʻia ma ka mokupuni ʻo Sardinia ʻo Italia.
- ʻO Martes M. Lorenzi - e noho ana i ka Caucasus, hoʻāʻo ʻia e kona nui nui a me nā ʻulaʻula ulaula-ʻulaʻula me kahi hina hina.
- ʻO Martes M. Minoricensis - ʻo ia ka puni ʻana o ka mokupuni ʻo Mediterranean ma Minorca, nona ka Sepania.
- ʻO Martes M. Notialis - e noho ana ma Italia.
- ʻO Martes M. Ruthena - e noho nei i nā kaona waena o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka Lūkia, i hiʻohiʻona i ka lauoho pale melemele-melemele, e ʻeleʻele ana i ka hoʻoilo.
- ʻO Martes M. Sabaneevi - ua māhele ʻia ma ka Pechora taiga (Lūkia).
- ʻO Martes M. Uralensis - e noho ana ma nā Urals (Lūkia).
Eia kekahi, i ke kūlohelohe i loaʻa ke kinikini ma kahi o ke keʻa ʻana o ka lānani a me ka sable. Ua kapa ʻia kēia holoholona he keiki. He liʻiliʻi ia i ka nui i ka pine marten. He wahi ulaula ia ma ka umauma a me kahi oho lōʻihi e lōʻihi. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hulu hipa ma mua o ka hulu hipa. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia holoholona ke hāʻawi keiki.
Forest marten a me ke kāne
ʻO ka hulu o ka pine marten i manaʻo ʻia he mea waiwai nui ia e like me ka sable. I ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻili o kēia holoholona ma ke ʻano he kālā. I ka manawa o Kievan Rus, ua kapa ʻia kekahi o nā ʻāpana kālā. I kēia lā ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka moni ʻoihana o Croatia, a hōʻike ʻia ka pine marten ma nā ʻāpana kālā o kēia ʻāina Balkan.
No ka wā lōʻihi, ua holo ʻia kahi huli kuʻuna ma luna o ka iʻa. Ma mua, ua alualu ka poʻe hahai holoholona i ka holoholona e holo ana ma luna o nā lei o nā lāʻau. I kēia manawa ke hoʻohana nui nei nā lelo e hopu ai, a makemake ʻia kahi laikini no ka hopu ʻana.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi nei ka nui o nā martens. Hana ʻia kēia no nā kumu ʻelua: ma muli o ka hopu ʻana, a no ka hoʻolilo ʻana ma kahi o ka ulu lāʻau olakino. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema i ʻole no ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o kēia mau ʻano. I kēia lā, aia ma mua o ʻelua haneli mau kānaka o ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole i welu maikaʻi ka melemele. ʻO nā hui nui e noho ana i nā zoos i nā kūlanakauhale o Hankensbüttel (Kelemānia) a me Innsbruck (Austria).
ʻO kekahi mau mea holoholona holoholona i mālama i ka helu martens ma ka home. ʻAno ʻokoʻa loa nā Martens i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hoʻopili kekahi poʻe i ke kanaka a hōʻike i ke aloha, ʻike ʻole kekahi poʻe, ʻike kekahi i ka ulu ʻino. Aia kekahi mau holoholona hilahila loa, loaʻa iā lākou kahi hopohopo nū, i hele pū me nā mea hoʻoweliweli a me nā hewa, a laila hoʻokaʻawale lākou me ka ʻole o ka neʻe. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, nalo aku kēlā hoʻouka kaua, akā hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i ka make o ka holoholona.
He mea koʻikoʻi nui ka pine marten i ke kanaka no he mea kālepa o ka hulu manu, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻEulopa o Rūsia a me nā Urals. Eia kekahi, he waiwai nui ka holoholona predatory nei i ke ola o ka mea ola wana: ua hoʻoponopono ia i ka nui o nā rodents a me nā pepeke.
Eia naʻe, pōpilikia ka pine marten i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, no ka mea hiki ke lawe i ka rabies, maʻi a me nā maʻi kalaiwa. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i nā kuʻuna moa, akā ʻoi loa kēia.
I nā martens, e like me nā holoholona hihiu he nui, nui nā ʻano o nā palapula parasitite:
- mau huaʻala (Euparyphium melis),
- nematodes (Capillaria mucronata, Capillaria mustelorum, Capillaria putorii, Trichinella spiralis, Thominx aerophilus, Molineus patens, Crenosoma vulpis, Ascaris columnaris),
- cestodes (Tenia mustelae, Sparganum spirometra erinacei, Mesocestoides lineatus),
- poʻo ke poʻo (Centrorhynchus sp).
ʻO ka mea pōpilikia loa ʻo Filaroides martis (parasitizing i loko o nā pūlohi) a me Skrjabingylus petrowi - nā aniani o nā kala ʻulaʻula, a hiki i 4 cm lōʻihi (nā maʻi parasitate i nā sinusal kuʻi, nā mea hoʻonāwili i nā iwi mua, hiki i kēia mau lāʻau ke alakaʻi i ka make o nā holoholona).
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka Marten
He holoholona nui kēia kēia. ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā marten he mau puʻu ʻuʻuku a hui ʻia, kahi i loaʻa ai nā nui o nā kumulāʻau i nā lāʻau ākea a me nā kumu lāʻau e hiki ʻole ai.. ^ E Ha yM. Aia nā wahi e hiki ai i ka marten ke kiʻi i ka meaʻai a loaʻa ka maluhia, kahi e hoʻonohonoho ai i nā hollows i ke kiʻekiʻe.
He hoihoi kēia! Hiki i ka marten ke piʻi koke i nā kumulāʻau a kū lele mai kekahi lālā i kekahi, e hoʻohana ana i kona huʻu momona e like me ka parachute. Pipi aku ʻo ia a holo holo maikaʻi (e komo ma loko o ka nahele hau, no ka mea, ʻo ka pale ākea i nā wāwae e pale ai i ka holoholona i hāʻule hohonu i loko o ka hau.
Ma muli o kona wikiwiki, ikaika a me dexterity, he holoholona maikaʻi loa kēia holoholona. ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, nā manu a me nā amphibians e lilo i mea waiwai nui, a i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka puna, i hiki i ka mea marten ke hana i nā lele nui ma nā lālā lāʻau. Hoʻokipa pinepine ʻo Marten i nā nest manu. ʻAʻole wale nā manu ʻāina a hoʻopilikia i kāna mau pūʻulu, akā, e kūkulu ana i kā lākou mauʻu, nā kiʻekiʻe ma nā lāʻau. Pono e hoʻomaopopo he pōmaikaʻi ʻo ka pine marten i kekahi kanaka ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o ka poʻe rodents i loko o kona noho.
Kāleka
He kapa lūlū a nani hoʻi ka marten, aia ia he mea silky i ka hoʻoilo ma mua o ke kauwela. ʻO kona kala ka mea ʻokoʻa o nā kala (brown, chestnut, brown). ʻO ke kua o ka holoholona ka hina hina-ʻulaʻulaʻula i ka waihoʻoluʻu, a ʻoi aku ka māmā o kona mau ʻaoʻao. Ma ka umauma, kahi aniani kahi aniani o ke aniani ākea, ʻike iki ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kauwela ma mua o ke hoʻoilo.
ʻAno pōkole nā wāwae o ka marten, me nā manamana lima ʻelima e hoʻopiʻi mau ai. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia nā muzzle me nā pepeiao pepeiao pōkole, pubescent ma nā kihi me nā hulu melemele. ʻO ke kino o ka marten he squat a he ʻano elongated, a ʻo ka nui o ka pākeke e like me ka hapalua mita. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻAmelika marten ʻAmelika
ʻO kēia ʻano holoholona lōlihi a hemahema hoʻi. ʻO waho, ʻo ka marten ʻAmelika e like me ka marten ulu. Hiki i kona kala ke hoʻololi i ka melemele a me nā kala polula. Mālamalama ka umauma ma ke kala, a hiki ke ʻeleʻele loa nā wāwae. ʻAʻole nō i aʻo ʻia nā ʻano maʻamau o kēia ʻelele o ka ʻohana marten, ʻoiai ua makemake ka poʻe marten ʻAmelika i ka ʻimi nui wale i ka pō a me nā hana a pau nā poʻe eschews.
Ilka
Kuhi nui ka manaʻo o ka marten. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino e pū me ka huelo i kekahi mau mea i hiki i hoʻokahi mika, a ʻo ke kaupaona - 4 kilograms. ʻEleʻele ke kapa, ʻokoʻa ka poni. I ke kauwela, paʻakikī nui ka hulu, akā ma ka hoʻoilo e lilo i palupalu a lōʻihi, ke kiʻi ʻia kahi kiʻi kala nani ma luna. Holoi ʻo Ilka no nā kākena puʻu, hares, nā mākaʻi, nā wahie lāʻau a me nā manu. Makemake e ʻai nui i nā huaʻai a me nā hua. Hiki i kēia mau lālā o ka ʻohana Kunih ke hahai maʻalahi i ka waiwai, ʻaʻole i ka mea i lalo wale nō, akā kiʻekiʻe hoʻi i nā kumulāʻau.
Stone marten
ʻO ka māhele nui o kona māheleʻana ke aupuni o ʻEulopa. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ka pōhaku marten i kahi mamao loa mai kahi e noho ai ke kanaka, kahi mea nui loa ia e pili ana i nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana marten. ʻO ka hulu o kēia ʻano manu he mea paʻakikī loa, he hina-hina i ka kala. Aia ma kona uha he elongated bright area. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka marten pōhaku he māmā a me nā wāwae, i haʻalele ʻia i ka aniani. ʻO ka mea nui ma kēia mau ʻano he mau rodents, nā rana, nā leli, nā manu a me nā mea hihiu. I ke kauwela, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā meaʻai lāʻau. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha i nā moa moa a me nā huaʻai. He ʻano ʻoi ka mea nui o ka manu ʻana i ka manu me ke ʻae o ka hulu manu.
Harza
Kahi maoli ʻia kēia ʻelele o ka ʻohana Kunih ma ke kala he nui ka helu ʻana i kēia holoholona ma ke ʻano he ʻano kūʻokoʻa. He holoholona nui ʻo Kharza. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino (me ka huelo) i kekahi manawa ke keu aku i hoʻokahi mita, a me ke kaumaha o nā mea maʻamau he 6 mau kilogram. He lei nani ka lole. Aia ka nui ma nā squirrels, sables, chipmunks, raccoon dogs, hares, bird and rodents. Hiki i ka hoʻoliʻina i ka meaʻai no nā iniseti a i nā baki. Ua loaʻa nā hewa i nā hōʻeha o ka charza ma nā pipi o ka moose, deer, a me ka puaʻa hihiu. E ʻai pū i nā nati, nā hua waina a me ka meli hihiu.
Nilgir Harza
Kuhi kūkākūkā nui o ka ʻohana. ʻO kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi mika, a me ke koʻikoʻi - a hiki i ka 2,5 kilograms. ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ke ola a nā Nilgir Kharza, akā i hele maikaʻi ʻia. Manaʻo ʻia ua makemake nui ka holoholona i ke ala o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā a ola loa ma nā lāʻau. Uaʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema i ka wā o ka holoholona pili ka holoholona i ka lepo, e like me nā ʻano martens ʻē aʻe. Ua kuhi kekahi mau mea ʻike maka hewa i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia holoholona no nā manu a me nā squirrels.
Ehia makahiki he marten ke ola?
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, hiki i ka 15 makahiki o ke ola o ka marten ke hiki i nā makahiki 15, akā ma ka hihiu ke noho nei lākou i ka hapa nui. He nui ka hoʻokūkū o kēia holoholona i nā mea e hoʻoili ai i nā meaʻai - nā mea āpau a me nā poʻe noho kākela o ka nahele. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe enemi e hōʻike mai i kahi hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ka nui o ka marten kanaka i loko.
Aia i loko o kahi mau wahi, e pili ana ka nui o nā holoholona ma nā waipuna wai (i ka manawa o kahi hapa nui o nā rodents, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu nui o kaʻai ʻana o nā martens) make a mau nō ka pale (ʻo ka luku ʻana o nā ulu lāʻau kahiko hiki ke alakaʻi i ka pau ʻole ʻana o kēia mau holoholona).
ʻO Habitat, noho
Hoʻopili pili ke ola o ka marten me ka nahele. Loaʻa ka ʻike pinepine i ka pihi, nā pine a me nā ulu lāʻau coniferous. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka nohona, he lōlima a ahi paha kēia, a ma nā ʻaoʻao hema, hoʻoulu a i ʻole nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole.
No ka noho mau ʻana, koho ʻo ia i nā ululāʻau mauʻu i ka ʻūlū makani, nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe kahiko, nā kihi nui, a me ka nui o nā mālamalama me kahi ʻōpiopio ʻōpio.
Hiki i ka marten ke aloha me ke awāwa a me nā nahele mauna kahi e noho ai ma nā awāwa o nā kahawai nui a me nā kahawai. Ua makemake kekahi mau holoholona o kēia holoholona i nā wahi pōhaku a me nā mea hoʻokomo i nā pōhaku. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau ʻelele o ka marten hoʻāʻo e pale i nā ʻano kanaka. ʻO kahi mea ʻē loa ʻo ka marten pōhaku, hiki iā ia ke noho pololei ma kahi o nā wahi kanaka.
He hoihoi kēia! ʻAʻole e like me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana, no ka laʻu, ka ʻapena (e noho wale ana ma Siberia), ua kahele ʻia ʻo marten i nā wahi holoʻokoʻa o ʻEulopa, a hiki i nā mauna Ural a me ka muliwai Ob.
Marten Diet
ʻO nā holoholona he mau manu nunui nā holoholona, akā ʻo nā mea nui o kā lākou hulina he mau holoholona liʻiliʻi (squirrels, mice field). ^ E Ha yM. Hāpai lākou i nā kiʻi, ka mea nui o nā pēpē e hoʻāʻo e pale i ka nui o ka nui. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻino i ka nalo o nā manu, a pio i ka reptile a me nā amphibians. I kekahi manawa 'ʻae lākou iā lākou e' ai i ka kalima. I ka manawa mahana, ʻo martens regale lākou iho me nā hua, nā ʻuʻina, nā hua, ka lālau wale nō ka lehu mauna.
I ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ka wā e hāʻule ai, hana nā martens i nā lāʻau waiwai e kōkua iā lākou e ola i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o ka marten i hilinaʻi ʻia i ka lōʻihi o ke kau anuanu, ka noho, kahi e pili ai i nā ʻano subspecies o nā holoholona, nā manu a me nā mea kanu. ʻOiai ke holo maikaʻi nei ka holoholona ma nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, e hānai nui ana ia ma ka ʻili. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau a waena o Rūsia, nā kīʻaha nui ka protein, ke kīwaha ʻeleʻele, kākāola hazel, partridge, kā lākou hua a me nā moa.
Hoʻopili ka marten pōhaku i ka pōpili i ka pīhoihoi a me nā wasps, no laila ua hōʻeu ʻo martens i nā manawa apiaries a ʻai ʻia paha i ka meli mai nā pua hihiu. Kūʻai pinepine lākou i ka pā iʻa a i ʻole nā hale ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopū nā kipa o kahi manu makaʻu i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o kekahi mea nāna i hele i loko o lākou, e koi ana iā lākou e luku i nā pōpilikia āpau, ʻo ia ka mea hiki ʻole ke ʻai hou aku.
Pahu a keiki
ʻAʻole loli ka nui o nā martens i kēlā me kēia makahiki a kēia makahiki, ma muli o ke ʻano ʻano omnivorous o ka holoholona. ʻO ka nele o kekahi o nā meaʻai, hiki i kēia holoholona ke hoʻololi pono i kekahi. ʻO ke hoʻonui a hōʻemi paha i kā lākou heluna e hele ana ma muli o ka momona nui a nele paha i ka meaʻai no kekahi mau makahiki i kahi lālani nō naʻe, eia nō naʻe nā ʻano like ʻole ia. ʻOi aku ka ikaika ma ka helu o nā martens ma kekahi wahi e pili ana i ka lawaiʻa ʻana o ke kanaka ma kēia holoholona hihiu.
Ua hiki i nā martens i ka wā poperty ma hope o ʻekolu makahiki o ke ola. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaka ka wā ulu i ka hopena o ke kauwela. Lawe ka wahine i ka ʻōpio no 7-9 mahina. E pili ana kēlā mau lōʻihi lōʻihi i ka hiki ʻana mai o kahi manawa lōlihi o ka wā lohi ma ka wā keiki, a hoʻomau wale ia ma ka pūnāwai.
ʻAʻole liuliu, ʻike ʻia he 2 a 8 mau kālā i ka wahine. Ua hānau ʻia lāua he makapō a ʻike ʻole (ʻike ka hū ʻana ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina) a kaupaona ʻole ma mua o 30 mau grama. Ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole, haki nā niho a ʻo ka makuahine ka mea e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka holoholona. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻōpio'ōpio e lele a piʻi i nā lāʻau i nā mahina 3-4, a i ka hapalua o ka makahiki e ʻimi kūʻokoʻa ʻole ai. Mai nā makahiki ʻelua mau makahiki, hoʻomaka ka wahine i hope o ke kaumaha mai nā kāne a mālama i kēia ʻokoʻa ma loko o ke ola.
I ka hoʻoilo, hiki lākou i ka nui o nā holoholona makua, a wāwahi ka lālā keiki. I ka wā mua, ʻimi nā holoholona ʻōpala ma ka pūnaewele makuahine, a hoʻomaka e haku i nā wahi i aloha ʻole ʻia, kahi ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hale ma mua o nā mea i hoʻomohala ʻia. No laila, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lawaiʻa, ʻo lākou ka mea e ʻāʻī ka nui o ka ʻimi o ka lawaiʻa.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Noho ia ma ka hapa loa o Eurasia. ʻO kona kahi noho lohi mai Pyrenees a i ka Himalaya. Lohi loa ka nui o nā ʻāina a ʻae ʻia ka marten e ʻimi. Ma kekahi mau mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ua hoʻopuka kūikawā ʻia nā martens no ka hana ʻala manu.
He hoihoi kēia! ʻO ka marten he māla o ka ʻohana nui o marten. He holoholona momona ʻo ia na ka hulu manu, a loaʻa iā ia ka nīnū hulu poʻo a i ʻole ka hulu melemele-brown.
Kahi ola, procreation
Nā hana Martens i ka pōʻeleʻele. Hiki i ka mea kahakaha ke uhi i kekahi mau hola i ka pō e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. I ke ahiahi, ninini ʻia kekahi holoholona luhi i loko o kahi keʻena, hiki ke mālama ʻia e kahi mākia, nā puka ʻole ma nā pali, nā honu a me nā manu manu, etc.
ʻO ka hapa nui ʻo Martens. Ke hālāwai me nā ʻohana, hōʻike lākou i ka huhū, a ma ka manawa hoʻouluulu wale nō ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻana ma waena o nā kāne. He polygamous lākou, i.e. I kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻomaka lākou i kahi ʻohana me nā mea like ʻole.
ʻO ka manawa hoʻohāʻai pinepine ma ke kauwela o ke kauwela (aia wale nō i ka pecans - i ke kakahiaka mua). Ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻano ʻākau, kūpaʻa ka hapai i nā mahina 8-9, e komo pū ana me kahi mahina 6-7 mau mahina i ka implantation.
I ka pūnāwai, e hānau ana ka wahine i 1 i 5 mau cub. Hānau ʻia nā keiki i makapō, ʻuli, uhi ʻia i ka hulu ʻāʻī. E hānai lākou i ka waiū makuahine no ʻelua mahina ʻelua, a hoʻomaka e ʻimi ma kā lākou iho ma ka 3 mau mahina.
ʻO ke ola o ka nui o nā ʻano he 10-15 mau makahiki.
No ka mea, he mau hulu manu nui, ʻo ka sable a me nā pecans, he puʻupuʻu waiwai nui, ʻo ka pēpē huluhulu me nā pū a me nā mea nui i kā lākou lehulehu. ʻO kēia kaomi, ka mea i hui pū ʻia me ka luku ʻana i ko lākou mau noho - coniferous a me nā ʻano kāwili i hui ʻia - ua alakaʻi i ka emi nui o ka heluna o kekahi mau lehulehu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka charza Nilgir e noho ana ma India Hema e manaʻo ʻia he mea palupalu.
Tyra
Hoʻopili ʻo Tyra i nā martens, akā nona kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe (Eira). Hoʻonohonoho 'ia i nā nui nui,' oi aku ke kino o ke kino o ke kino, lōʻihi nā wāwae. Noho ana ma nā ulu lāʻau ʻAmelika mai Mekiko a ʻAmelika a ma ka mokupuni o Trinidad.
Hoʻohana ʻo Tyra i nā manu, nā momi liʻiliʻi a me nā huaʻai, pinepine e hōʻino nui i ka kanu lāʻau.
Kāke
Noho ana ka ʻāpana āpau o Rūsia mai nā Urals a hiki i ke kahakai o ka Pākīpika. ʻO ka hale kamaʻāina ʻo Sable.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia holoholona he 35-55 cm, ke kaumaha he 0.5-2 kg. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka huluhulu mai ka mālamalama a hiki i ke keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele nā wahi ʻihi.
Iapani Iāpana
ʻO ka noho ʻana o ka ʻapani Iapana e holo ai ma nā mokupuni o Iapana o Tsushima, Kyushu, Shikoku a me Honshu.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia predator he 30-45 cm, ʻaʻole ke kau ʻana o ke kaumaha ma ka 1.5 kg. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia me ke kala, hiki ke kau mai i ka melemele a hiki i ke keʻokeʻo me kahi mālamalama mālamalama ma ke kua o ke poʻo. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo a ʻole paha ka ʻaila o ka ʻāʻī.
ʻAmelika ʻAmelika
Noho kekahi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.
Hoʻohālikelike kēia ʻano like ʻole i ka Japanese sable. ʻ varieslelo ka kala i ke gula a ka ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka momona i kahi kaomi ʻulaʻula.
ʻĀnō ke ola
I ka hoʻopio ʻia, lawe pinepine ka marten i nā ʻano a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻē aʻe - i lilo ia i home, a i ʻole ka huhū. Me kahi hopena maikaʻi, hiki iā ia ke ola a hiki i 15 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha. I loko o ke kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, hiki i kahi mea kuhi koʻikoʻi ke noho i nā makahiki 11-13, akā ʻo ka mea maoli ke hiki pinepine ʻole i kēlā makahiki. E hoʻokūkū ka holoholona i nā maʻi a me nā maʻi e alakaʻi ai i kona make.
Pēlā nō hoʻi i ka hihiu, ʻike nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka noho lāʻau i loko o ka marten a me ka mea hoʻokūkū, a me kekahi pāʻina awakea. ʻO nā ʻenemi ikaika loa nona ka fox, ka lynx a me ka ʻōlio, a me nā manu dexterous - ka ʻōlule ʻaeto, ke kālele gula a me ka ʻawī.
Akā ʻo ke kumu nui loa no ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka holoholona i ke kāne. Hulu ʻaina Marten mau ke kūʻai ʻia i nā manawa a pau. ʻOiai i nā ʻano pālahalaha nui, e like me ka marten pōhaku a i ʻole ka melemele, ʻaʻole ia i uku nui ʻia.
Marten Hunt
ʻO ka holoholona marten he holoholona waiwai kālepa. Hoʻomaka ka wā hānai ma ka mahina ʻo Nowemapa a mau a hiki i Malaki, ʻo ka nui o ka hulu o ka holoholona ma ka palaka. I ka pūnāwai, kūlohelohe ka ʻili a hoʻohaʻahaʻa, a laila luku ʻia ka mea wili e like me ka mea ʻala (ʻoi aku ka marten pōhaku, ka mea e hōʻeha i nā mea mahiʻai). ʻO ka hapa pinepine o nā martens i hopu ʻia e nā ʻōpala a me nā mokulele.
ʻO ka Nilgir Harza lāua ʻo Iapana Sable e pale ʻia e ke kānāwai. Marten Hunt kekahi o kēia mau lālā kūʻokoʻa o ka genus Kunih ua pāpā ʻia. Ua ʻae ʻia nā poʻe wānana ʻē aʻe e hopu inā loaʻa kekahi laikini hoʻokahi manawa, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai no ka ʻano holoholona. Ke hopu nei i kahi marten me ka ʻole o kēia palapala palapala, manaʻo ʻia ka hopu ʻana a e hoʻopiʻi ʻia e ke kānāwai.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
He paʻakikī a pohihihi nā nīnau o ka kumu o nā martens. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono wau e hana i kahi hoʻokolokolo kahi holoʻokoʻa, me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ona o nā ʻano a pau.
- Kāke.
- Forest marten.
- Stone marten.
- Ussuri marten (harza).
- ʻO Kidus (kahi hui o ka sable a me ka pine marten).
Aia kēia mau ʻano pili i ka genen marten a he mau pili pili pono o ka genink minks, weasels, rodents, wolverines, ferrets, dressings, badger, even the sea and river otters. Hoʻopono maikaʻi loa kēia mau holoholona i ke ola ma nā konola āpau kahi e noho kaʻawale nei ka poʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me lākou ma Taiga, ʻUulopa, ʻAmelika, Hema a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ma nā wahi āpau.
Ua hele mai lākou mai kahi kūpuna maʻamau nona i ola 35 35 mau makahiki i hala. No ka ʻohana o ka marten i pili i ka ʻohana o nā ʻīlio, nā loni, nā ʻoni a me nā pōpoki. He paʻakikī paʻakikī e noʻonoʻo, akā, ua like like lāua, no ka mea ua hōʻike lākou i kahi detatsment o nā poʻe predator.
ʻOi aku ka mea pohihihi ʻo myacid kupuna kūpuna, ka mea i noho honua honua ma kahi o 50 miliona mau makahiki i hala! Ua manaʻo ʻia, ʻo ia ke kumu o nā mea ʻike mua o ka momi. He ʻiki liʻiliʻi ia, ʻano liʻiliʻi, me ka huelo lōʻihi a me nā lolo nui, e hōʻike ana i ka naʻauao maikaʻi ma ia manawa. Ma hope o 15 miliona mau makahiki, hoʻomaka kekahi mau ʻelemaka i nā ʻano o nā martens, mai ia manawa i hoʻomaka ai kā lākou moʻolelo.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka marten?
Whakaahua: Marten
Hiki ke loaʻa ka pine marten i ʻEulopa, ka ʻākau o Asia a me kahi Caucasus. Aia ka ʻāina i ka nui o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe o nā Urals a me Western Siberia. I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa i nā paka o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Moscow: Tsaritsyno a me Vorobyovy Gory. ʻOi iki ka hoʻohiki ʻana iā ia mai loko mai o ke kahawai ʻo Ob, ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui.
Noho ʻo Sable ma kahi ʻāpana ākea loa: ʻo Siberia, ʻākau loa o Kina, Korea, ʻĀpana Holo, Mongolia, ma ka ʻĀpana mamao. ʻAʻole e like me ka pine marten, makemake ʻo ia e holo ma luna o ka lepo ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau, aloha nui i ka noho ʻana ma nā pūpū pīhoihoi. Huli iki kēia mau holoholona maʻalahi i ko lākou wahi, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa: ke ahi, ka nele o ka meaʻai a i ʻole a pau ka poʻe hoʻomoʻa.
ʻO Kidas, ʻo ia ka hoʻoilina no ka pine marten a me sable, e noho ana i ke kikowaena o kēia mau kānaka predatory. Wahi a nā mea ʻike maka, ʻike pinepine loa ia ma ka pāpū kahawai Pechora, ma nā Trans-Urals, nā Urals a me ke kūkulu ʻākau o nā Urals. E like me ka sable, makemake i ke ola kūloko.
ʻO ka pine marten, ʻaʻole like me kona mau hoahānau, makemake nui i ke anuanu e noho a ke ola hema. Hāpai kēia wahi i ka aneane holoʻokoʻa o Eurasia a kāʻili ʻia mai ka Pyrenees a hiki i ka māka nui Mongolia a me nā awāwa Himalayan. He punahele ʻo ia i ka papa hele wāwae me nā mea nui he nui. Manaʻo maikaʻi kekahi mau kānaka ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4000 mau mika, kahi i loaʻa ai ko lākou inoa.
Makemake ʻo Harza i ka mahana wela a ola i ke kūkulu hema ma mua o ka pine marten. He nui naʻu ma ka Penikala Hindustan, nā māka Kina a me nā mokupuni. Loaʻa ia ma Malaysia, a me Amur Region, Primorsky a me Khabarovsk Territory. Noho kekahi o nā poʻe o ka ʻāina Amur i kekahi manawa i ka charza, akā emi pinepine pinepine.
He aha nā mea a ka marten i ʻai ai?
Whakaahua: Marten
Kēia mau wahi kamaʻilio nahele. Holo lākou, ʻoi aku ka pō ma, no ka squirrels, hares, voles, manu a me kā lākou hua. I kekahi manawa e ʻai ai i nā snails, baki, nā meaʻalima a me ka carrion. I nā māka kūlanakauhale ua hakakā lākou ma nā ka wai wai me nā muskrats. I ka hāʻule, e hauʻoli i ka hua, nā huaʻala a me nā hua. ʻAi i nā iʻa a me nā pepeke liʻiliʻi. I kekahi manawa kue ka lāʻau hedgehog. I ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka hopena mua, loaʻa nā meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO Sable, e like me kāna hybrid Kidas, mālama nō ia i ka nahele ma ke kai. Akā, ʻaʻole e like me ka pine marten, hāʻawi ia i ka mea nui i ka hopu ʻana ma ka ʻāina, ʻo ia ka mea e pīhoihoi ai ka chipmunks a me nā moles i ka meaʻai. Hiki i nā kāne nui ke pepehi i ka paʻu. Ma waena o nā manu, lele ka hopu ʻana i nā manu liʻiliʻi, partridges a me capercaillie - nā pono o ke ola i ka wā e hui ai lākou iʻa.
Huli ka ʻimi manuahi i nā mea kuʻekuʻe maoli - he kekele i huki ʻia e kahi mea pōʻino i loko o nā kumulāʻau, e lele pinepine ana mai 7 mau kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO nā martens pōhaku i hānau ʻia nā mea lawaiʻa, me nā maka nani, hoʻolohe a me ka honi ʻana. Mahalo i hiki iā lākou ke hahai i lalo i kekahi holoholona i kū maikaʻi ʻia iā lākou. ʻOkoʻa lākou e like me nā luna o ka ʻohana Kunih ma o ka wiwo ʻole a ka lokoino: komo lākou i loko o nā pigeons me nā ʻaka moa, kahi i luku ai i ka waiwai pio.
ʻO Harza ka ikaika ikaika o ka ʻohana. Holo wikiwiki a lele aku i kahi mamao he 4 mika. Hōʻalo ia i nā rodents, nā manu a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hōʻā i ka mauʻu sime. Kū pinepine pinepine i ka mauʻu. ʻAi nā ʻono a me nā huaʻai i loko o kahi liʻiliʻi e mālama i kahi nui o nā huaora i loko o ke kino. Pīhoihoi i ka ʻahaʻaina ma ka mele musk.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka marten
Kiʻi: Marten lele
ʻAʻole ʻano o ka martenile manuahi i nā mea kuapo ma ka nahele, aia ma kēlā me kēia kanaka i mua o kāna mea kolohe. ʻO nā ʻenemi weliweli a me nā ʻalā gula - ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopakele ʻia i ka kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma nā lāʻau. I ka pō, i ka wā o ka hopu, he nui ka mōʻī e lilo i ka waiwai pio o ka ʻaeto. A ma luna o ka ʻāina, ka ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio a me nā lilikena ke kali nei. Hoʻomaʻo pinepine aku lākou i ka martens ʻaʻole no ka meaʻai, akā, ma ke kāpae ʻana i kahi mea hoʻokūkū.
Hiki iā Sable ke hopu i ka bea, wolf a me ke kīwaha. Akā kūleʻa nui lākou. ʻO ka pōpilikia maoli mai ka luna mai o nā mea i pepehi ʻia - harza. Eia nō kekahi, inā hiki, hiki ke hoʻouka i ka ʻaeto a iʻa kūpaʻa keʻokeʻo a iʻa keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka poʻe whakataetae nā ermines, capercaillie, grel grouse, grouse black, partridge a me nā manu ʻē aʻe e ʻai ana i nā huaʻaʻai e hānai ana i ka sable.
ʻAʻoleʻike i ka ʻenemi pōhaku i ka ʻenemi keu. I kekahi manawa, pilikia ka ʻōlio, nā ʻalopeke, nā leopona a me nā ʻīlio hae, akā e alualu i ka holoholona nalo a wikiwiki hoʻi. Hiki i nā pilikia ke kū aʻe me nā manu: nā ʻeto gula, nā aeto, nā ʻale a me nā ʻānela maʻamau.
He mīkini pepehi kanaka maoli ʻo Kharza e hiki ke pale i nā poʻe ʻenemi, kahi e makemake ai nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka marten e holo. A ʻo ka poʻe i hiki maoli ke hopu iā ia, ʻaʻole lākou e hana i kēia mea no ka mea kiko o ka ʻiʻo, i mea ʻona maoli loa. Akā ʻo ka bea a keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me nā tigers i kekahi manawa e pepehi nei i kēia mau holoholona.