ʻO Gunther Dikdik kahi hua lāʻau endoma o Somali arid zones o ʻApika ʻAmelika. Kau lākou iā Somalia (me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o nā wahi kiʻekiʻe ʻākau-hikina a me nā ʻaoʻao komohana, a me ke kumu kahakai waena), i nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAitiopa, ʻākau a me hikina hikina ʻo Kenya, ma kahawai Uganda a me ka loa hema-hikina a Sudan.
Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻano kuʻuna o dikdik Gunther e nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa. Hōʻalo lākou i nā pulupulu pōkā, mānoʻo a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi, kahi mea paʻakikī ke nānā i nā ʻaoʻao a me nā neʻe. ʻO ka hale noho punahele ka nui o nā kai me nā semi-arid spubse shrub Community, nā lau nahele me nā lau nahele a me nā nāhelehele wai. ʻOi aku ka nui o kā lākou helu ma nā wahi i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻulāʻau a i ʻole nā mea kanu kuhi (lua), no laila ke hāʻawi nei lākou iā Gund i ke kai me ka ʻai i kahi pae kūpono. ʻO nā alahele a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke ola (mālama hou) i nā lāʻau kanu i nā hale kahiko. Noho ka hale noho mai nā wahi me nā ʻāina lepo wai hoʻi i nā puʻu pōhaku haʻahaʻa.
He koʻokoʻo kino ke kino o ke kino he 3 ka 5 kg, ka awelika o 4 kg. ʻO ka dick Gunick ka liʻiliʻi - nā holoholona ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻāʻī lōʻihi a me ke poʻo liʻiliʻi. ʻO kā lākou kua, me ke kānāwai, aia ma ka papa kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā poʻohiwi. ʻO ka pale o kā lākou kapa, me kahi kala mai ke melemele o ke hina hina i ʻulaʻulaʻula ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal a keʻokeʻo a hina i ka ʻaoʻao o ka ventral. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi huelo pōkole (3 a 5 cm lōʻihi), he lauoho lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal ma luna a kū ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo. Loaʻa nā males i nā pūlima pōkole ʻeleʻele a hiki i 9-10 cm ka lōʻihi a he pololei a he ʻoka paha paha ke kua. I kekahi manawa hūnā ʻia lākou i ka honu o nā lauoho ma ka lae. Anāu nui ka ʻike o ko lākou mau maka. ʻEleʻele hoʻi nā lau eyelids a me nā preorbital. He keʻokeʻo a me ka keʻokeʻo ka pepeiao o Dikdik ma loko. ʻO nā wāwae a Dikdik Gunther he lohi a lōʻihi loa ia, me nā ʻawe ʻeleʻele. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine a loaʻa ʻole nā pepeiaohao, ʻo ka moʻomeheu dimorphism ka ʻano o ka dikdik Gunther. Ua loaʻa nā lauoho like ʻole i ka lauoho, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kāne ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻohanohano o ka dikdik Gunther kā lākou eloutated elongated, hiki ke neʻe iā ia i nā kuhikuhi a pau. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke dikdik Gun Gun mai nā ʻano like ʻole, kahi dikdik maʻamau, na ko lākou ihu nui. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ko lākou pūliki he mea kiʻekiʻe o ka hāmeʻa. Hoʻomaka hou ʻia ke koko Arterial i ka membrane i ka snout, a ma o ke kaʻina hana hoʻokuʻi, ua hoʻolilo ʻia. He ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona koʻokoʻo Dikdik Gunther. Noho ka kinikini o ka pū ma hope ma kahi o nā kāne. He lahilahi nā iwi intermaxillary ma mua, a laila e pālahalaha iki. He ʻupuʻu a laulā nā iwi ihal.
I nā wahine wahine dikdee Gunther, ʻo ka nui o nā lā o ka ʻohi ʻana mai kahi manawa i ʻehiku, awelika o 1.48. ʻAʻole hilinaʻi nā lā i ka wā kūpono a nānā ʻia ia a puni ka makahiki. Lawe nā wahine i ka wā o ka rut i kahi kūlana kūikawā dorsal i kapa ʻia hakuosis. Hōʻike ʻia kekahi ʻo Gon e kahi haʻahaʻa urine haʻahaʻa o ka progesterone ma mua o ka manawa, a ma hope o estrus paha. Hoʻomaka ka manawa gestation mai ka 170 a 180 mau lā, ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka wahine i hoʻokahi keiki bipi. Ma ke kānāwai, hānau lākou i ʻelua mau makahiki i ka makahiki. I ka wā hānau, hānau mua ke poʻo, a moe nā wāwae mua ma ke kino a kuhikuhi ʻia lākou i hope. Hoʻomaopopo kēia i kā lākou hānau keiki mai ka hānau ʻana i waena o nā mea rumi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka postpartum estrus e pili ana i kahi mau lā he ʻumi ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, no laila ʻo ka pēpē ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki i ka manawa like o ka makahiki. I ka hopena, ua hāpai ka wahine ʻo dikdik Gunther i ka hapa o ka makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi, inā he keiki ʻōpio kāna mau keiki. ʻO nā kau keiki kāne ma ka hānau ʻana ke kaupaona ʻia ma waena o 725 a me 792 mau grika, a kaupaona nā wahine ma waena o 560 a 680 gram. Mālama nā wahine i nā ʻōpio no ʻekolu a ʻehā mau malama. Akā naʻe, hiki i ke bipi ke hoʻomaka ka ʻai i nā meaʻai ikaika e pili ana i hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
I ka wā ʻelua a ʻekolu mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, alakaʻi nā bipi keiki i kahi ʻano hūnā. Ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana, ʻai ʻia ka makuahine i ka wā hānau a noho mau ka wahine me ke keiki no nā lā mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hāʻalo pinepine ʻo ia iā ia no nā manawa pōkole e hānai, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kēia manawa pōkole. I ka hopena, ʻo ke dikdek wahine e kipa wahine i ʻehā mau lā i ka lā, i ke kakahiaka, i ke awakea, i ke awakea a me ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. No kekahi mau mahina ma hope o kahi manawa nūhou, ua hele pū ʻo dikdi me nā mākua ʻelua. ʻAʻole ke papa i ka hāʻawi i ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka meaʻai, akā naʻe, e hōʻike ana i ka pilina o nā mākua.
Hele mai nā kamaliʻi me ko lākou makuahine me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kāhea ʻana. I ka hele ʻana mai a kahi makuahine, ua haʻalele kona ʻōpio i kona wahi. Noho mālie nā bipi keiki i ka lā, akā hiki i ka pīpī i ka pō. ʻO ka like ʻana o nā kiʻi dikdiks i ka wā hānau e like nō ia me nā pākeke. Loaʻa pūlei ʻia nā ihu, ihu a me nā wāwae. I nā makahiki ʻehiku a ʻeiwa mau wiki, ʻike ʻia nā pū, ʻoiai i ka wā mua ua hū ka pū iā lākou. Hele ka nahele i ka nui o ka piha o nā makahiki ʻelua.
Noho ʻo Dikdik Gunther ma kona ʻāina me ʻekolu mau holoholona: he pākeke pākahi a hoʻokahi pahu hapa. Hoʻokuʻu pinepine nā Juveniles ma hope o ka estrus mua o ka wahine ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o kahi pēpē hou. E hala ana kēia lāhui ma kahi o ʻelua mau lā a ma ke ʻano o kāna ʻano hana. ʻO kekahi manawa hele i waena o nā kuʻuna. Noho kekahi mau mea i kekahi manawa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole noho mau nā kāne. Ina ua haʻalele a make kekahi o nā kāne, a komo koke kekahi i ka holoholona i koe. Hoʻoholo ʻia nā palena o ke kūkaʻu e nā puʻu o ka manure, he 12 paha ʻehā maunika ka lōʻihi, i waiho ʻia e nā holoholona makua. ʻO kēia ʻano ka hana i kekahi o nā hana mua ma ka haʻi ʻana i nā palena o kahi āpana. Hōʻike nā kāne ʻelua i kēia ʻano, akā makemake nā kāne i kēia hana ma mua o nā wahine. Mālele ʻo Males i ka ʻāina me ko lākou hoof, urinate a defecate. E hahai ana nā ʻalāleʻa i nā wahine, a i ka wā i hele ʻole ai lākou, hoʻonāukiuki lākou a punahele i ka wahi hoʻokahi.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea leʻaleʻa o ka gland orbital e dikdik e hoʻolālā i nā panalāʻau. ʻO kekahi ala e hoʻoholo ai i ka ʻāina, ʻo ia ka leo. ʻO nā Males e hana maʻamau i ke kani ʻana i ka wā e neʻe. ʻO ka komo ʻana o nā haole ma ko lākou ʻāina kā lākou kumu o ke kani ʻeu ʻana e lohe ʻia "ZIK-ZIK" a i ʻole "dik-dik", no laila ka inoa o kēia mau holoholona. Paipai ʻia kēia mau kani i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ʻohana. Mālama wale nō nā ʻokiʻā i nā lāʻau lāʻau me ko lākou mau pepeia e hōʻailona ai i ka'āpana. ʻO ke kāne wale nō e pale i ka ʻāina a hōʻike i ka ʻano kūkaʻi ke ka wahine o ka ʻae. ʻO nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne ma luna o ke aniani, e like me ke kānāwai, he hōʻailona a me ka loaʻa ʻole. Ma muli o kēia hālāwai, holo koke aku kekahi kāne i a iʻa lākou i nā mea kanu, ma hope o ka hana.
ʻO nā dikkids ʻo Gunther he mau holoholona hilahila a makaʻu hoʻi e ʻimi ana i ka malu me ka hopohopo wale. Ke ʻimi nei lākou i nā palaʻai o nā mea kanu, a laila ʻūwī i loko ia i ka lepo. ʻO kā lākou nā mea kikoʻī he hyenas, leopards, cheetahs, caracals a me nā pōpoki ʻē aʻe, nā ʻīlio, nā pēpē, nā ʻōpio a me nā pythons. He ʻano ʻē aʻe lākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka mea predator. ʻO kahi laʻana, inā kokoke kahi leopadi, e puhi lākou. Inā hele mai kahi hyena, nānā maʻamau lākou iā ia. ʻO kā lākou pale e komo ai i kā lākou hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa, makaʻala a me ka wikiwiki, me ka ʻike ʻike i kā lākou ʻāina ponoʻī.
ʻO ka kū hoʻokahi i ka hana maʻamau o nā dicks i loaʻa ʻole. I ka wā mua, lūlū ka wahine i kāna neʻe a ʻānō. Mālama kona ihu i kona hele ʻana i nā kāne i hala. I ke manawa mai e hōʻike ʻo ia i nā kāne i kahi o ke oho hina. E nānā nā kāne i kona wahi maka, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka aila infraorbital.
ʻO ka dikkiki ʻo Gunther ka hana i ka pō a i ke ahiahi. Ke hoʻomau nei lākou a hiki i ka hora 3 kakahiaka, a ma hope koke o ke kakahiaka.
Kāliki maikaʻi ka ʻōpiopio Gunoun i ka meaʻai. ʻAno like ʻole nā ʻona meaʻai a, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ke ʻano he mana kai like ʻia. ʻAi lākou i nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu, kahi o nā lau a me nā pua o nā mea kanu, nā lau, nā kumu, nā pua, nā hua, nā hua, nā ʻōpala o nā lāʻau. Hoʻokomo wale nā pua make i kahi liʻiliʻi o kā lākou meaʻai (ke waiho ʻole ʻana i nā pua a me nā hua kanu), ʻoiai ke kumu ʻuʻuku lākou i nā mea kanu hou. ʻAʻole pilau nā dikkids Gunther i ka wā e hānai ana i ka mea kanu hoʻokahi. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou i nā kūlana maloʻo a hānai i nā lāʻau lāʻau a me nā kumu momona a momona i ke kō, a me kekahi manuahi xerophytic succulents. ʻO kahi laʻa, hele lākou i ke au a koho i ka ʻai pilikino mai ka nui o ka mea kanu. Ka hoʻololi ʻana ke ʻano o kā lākou papaʻai i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻO ka papa meaʻai kekahi o nā mea kanu e hiki mai ana i ka manawa maloʻo: Acacia pennata, Combretum, Fagara merkeri, Grewia, Harrisonia abyssinica a Tamarindus Indica. I ka manawa ua, hiki i kā lākou meaʻai ke acacia Senegal, Commiphora schimperi, ke kakahiaka kakahiaka a me Leonotis nepetifola. Ua ʻike ʻia lākou i ka hānai ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā māla. Loaʻa ka wai mai ka wai momona a me ka hau. Hiki iā lākou ke ola me ka wai ʻole o ka wai inu. ʻO Dikkidi ka lawehala e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma kahi o ka ʻōpū a kāʻili i ka meaʻai me kāna alelo a me nā lehelehe kiʻekiʻe. Nui kekahi mau mea hana kūikawā e ʻae iā lākou e ʻohi ai i nā lau liʻiliʻi i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā kakalaioa a loaʻa i ka ʻai i nā wahi i kūpono ʻole ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe. Kuhi kēia mau mea i kahi proboscis elongated, kahi muzzle liʻiliʻi a me ka alelo, a me ke kino ʻōpū. Hoʻohana lākou i ko lākou wāwae mua i kahi kūlana bipedal e paʻa ai i nā lālā i loaʻa ai ka meaʻai mai iā lākou. I kekahi mau manawa, hoʻohana ʻia nā hooves a i nā pepeiaʻi e ʻohi ai i nā aʻa momona. ʻAi lākou i ke koena o ka ʻai o nā primates, nā rodents a me nā manu. ʻO kēia mau holoholona, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hoʻolei i nā pods, nā ʻōpala, nā lau a me nā pua i ka ʻāina mai kahi lāʻau, waiho lākou iā lākou no ka dikdik. ʻAi mau ʻo Dikdi Gunther i ka wanaʻao a hiki i ke aumoe, a laila mai ka lā awakea a hiki i ka pouli.
ʻO Gunter dikdi nā holoholona hopu holoholona nui. I nā makahiki mua o ka 1900, ua kūʻai ʻia nā pale no ke kālai ʻana, a ʻo kā lākou heluna he mau haneli haneli. I kēia manawa ua ʻimi ʻia a liona pono ʻole. Hoʻohana ʻia ko lākou ʻili no nā karosses a kūʻai ʻia ʻia "kapa ʻo Gazelle" no ka hana lima. Pono ka ʻelua nā paila e hana i hoʻokahi mau kāʻei lima. ʻO nā māhele o ke kino ke kumu o ka waiwai momona.
Manaʻo Dick Gunter i ka pōkole loa i ka pōkole o nā loli kūlohelohe i nā mea ulu i kūpono ʻia e ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kanaka. ʻO ka hopena, ola lākou ʻo ke ʻano o ka noho hoʻoneʻe ʻana ma nā wahi o Somalia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻimi he pilikia. Huli ka ʻili o nā kānaka iā lākou, no ka mea ua maʻalahi lākou e pepehi me ke kōkua o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka lehulehu, a ua hōʻemi ko lākou helu ma muli o ka hopu ʻana i nā wahi o nā kau wahi. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻe ma mua o 100,000. Aia paha ke kūpono i ka hopena o ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai he mau liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kauā he ʻekolu ma mua o nā holoholona he 5,000.
Ka noho ʻana a me ka Hoʻihoʻi
ʻO ka Dikdiqs ka hana pinepine i nā kakahiaka a me nā ahiahi. I ke ao, ua huna ʻia ʻo dikdi i nā mākaʻi o nā ulu lāʻau. ʻO nā dikdiqs wale nā mea kanu kūloko e hui pū ʻia me nā mea kanu ʻoli a me nā zebras. ʻO ka ʻai ka mea e ʻai pono ʻia e nā mea kanu i ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi mita mai ka lepo a ma luna, ua kū pololei nā zebras i ka pae ʻāina, a ʻo ia ka mea e koe ma hope o ka kudu a me nā zebras e hele aku i nā dikds.
ʻO nā holoholona monogamous ke dikdiki. I ka wā moe, e hele pū ana nā kāne me nā wahine i ʻokoʻa mau, i waho o ka wā moe - no 63% o ka manawa. Noho maikaʻi nā kāne i ko lākou mau ola holoʻokoʻa, a pale i ko lākou ʻāina mai ka neʻe ʻana o nā dikds ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻāina waena o ka ʻāina o ka pālua o dikdik Kirk i: ma Kenyan ka nui 2.4 ± 0.8 ha, ma Namibian mau kānaka he 3.5 ± 0.3 ha. Hoʻouna ka male a me ka wahine i nā palena o ke kāʻei me nā puʻu manure a hoʻoneʻe koke i ka poʻe malihini kue. ʻO nā dikdiks wahine, ma ke ʻano he lula ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne, akā he mau kāne ma luna o ka ʻohana ʻohana.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka nohona ʻohana a me ke ola o nā dikdiks. Wahi a kahi noiʻi genetic i paʻi ʻia ma Namibian a me Kenyan dikds o Kirk, "nui nā hana maʻa" i nā kaiāulu o nā dikds ka loaʻa ʻole (ʻaʻole i lilo i hoʻokahi kō i hānō ʻia mai ka malihini.) I ka wā moe, hoʻomaka nā kāne "mai ka ʻaoʻao" e haki i ka wahine "haole", akā ʻaʻole i pau nā mea i loko o ka mea holo ʻole - komo nā kāne o ke ʻāina i nā malihini, a ʻā nā wahine e hūnā i ka wā hakakā. Wahi a Brazerton et al., ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne o Dikdik e pale aku i kā lākou wahine ponoʻī ma mua o ko lākou mau pōmaikaʻi ponoʻī ma ka ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻole maʻamau nā wahine i nā hanana extramarital (ʻoiai naʻe makemake lākou e mālama i ka ʻokoʻa genetic i ka heluna kanaka). ʻO ka male dikdik Kirk ka mea i hoʻoweliweli wale ʻia i kā lākou wahine ponoʻī. Inā hele a lele nā dikdiks i hele a puni nā palena o ko lākou ʻāina, ʻo ka "kāne" hoʻihoʻi, "hoʻoneʻe" ka wahine "home". Ke pōʻino nei kekahi o nā "hōʻikeʻike ʻohana" loko Hiki ke wehewehe i kā lākou wahi ma o ka hoʻokūkū no ka waiwai o ka ʻai, akā he nui nā mea i kū ʻole ʻia a ʻaʻole hoʻi he kumu kūpono.
Hana ʻia ka manawa pākahi i ʻelua mau makahiki i ka makahiki, e pili pū ana me ka manawa e hānai ai i ka pēpē (ʻoi aku ka hānau ʻana ma lalo o 6 mau mahina). ʻAʻole i komo nā Males i ka pale a me ka hānai ʻana i nā cubs. Ma ka hapalua o nā pēpē i make i nā hebedoma mua. I ka hiki ʻana o nā dikdiqs i nā keiki ʻeono a ʻehiku mau mahina, hoʻokuʻu ka ʻohana iā lākou i kā lākou ʻāina (ka wahine e hoʻokau i kā lākou mau kaikamāhine, nā keiki kāne i pana i kā lākou keiki) Loaʻa nā wahine i ka wā kamaliʻi ma nā mahina 6 mahina, mau kāne ma 12 mau mahina.
He ʻauhau
ʻO ka poʻe ʻEulopa mua e wehewehe i nā Dikdiks i ka makahiki 18, ʻo Buffon lāua ʻo Bruce. Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka puke a Bruce de Blanville, ua hoʻopuka ʻo ia i ka wehewehe ʻepekema mua o dikdik ma lalo o ka inoa Antilope saltiana. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ka 1816, ua kākau hou ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana iā de Blanville e Demare, ka mea i hōʻike pinepine ʻia i ka hana o ka wehewehe ʻana o nā Dikdiks. I ka makahiki 1837, hīmeni ʻia ʻo William Ogilby (1808–1873) A. saltiana i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa Madoqua. ^ E Ha yM. I ka makahiki 1905, ua ho'ākāka ʻo O. Neumann i kekahi ʻano ʻano ʻokoʻa Rhynchotragusi pili i hope Madoqua. ^ E Ha yM. I ka huli ʻana o nā XIX a me nā kenekulia XX, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea he ʻumi i hōʻike ʻia Madoquaaka, e like me ka palapala lima ʻo ITIS a me ka Wilson & Reeder (2001), ʻehā wale nō kēlā o kēia mea:
- ka hui saltiana a i ʻole maoli Madoqua:
- Madoqua saltiana (de Blainville, 1816), dikdik mauna - ke ʻano ʻepekema mua i ʻōlelo ʻia. Ma ka palapala, hiki ke kākau ʻia a ka hoʻākāka e pili iā Demare (1816), akā, ua ʻike ʻo Demare ʻo ia i ka mea mua a me ka mea kākau o de Blanville. ʻO ka ʻauhau a me ka kikoʻī o nā ʻano ʻōiwi i hōʻike pinepine ʻia. Noho nā ʻano mea i loko o kēia mau ʻike i Djibouti, Eritrea, ma ka ʻākau o ʻAitiopa, ma ka ʻākau o Sudan a me Somalia.
- Madoqua piacentinii (Drake-Brockman 1911), Somali dikd. Noho ia ma ka hikina Somalia. ʻO kēia ka mea maikaʻi loa o ka dikdik i ʻike ʻia huakai IUCN.
- ka hui Rhynchotragus (ma ke ʻano he genus kaʻawale) a i ʻole kirkii:
- Madoqua guentherii (Thomas, 1894), ʻo ke kau ʻana o Gunther. Nā kāinoa - M. smithii (Thomas, 1901), M. hodsonii (Pocock, 1926), M. nasoguttatus (Lonnberg, 1907), M. temponii (Drake-Brockman, 1909). Noho ia ma ʻAitiopa, Somalia, ʻākau ʻo Kenya a me Uganda ʻākau.
- Madoqua kirkii (Guenther, 1880), kahi dikd maʻamau. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea i loko o ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻokoʻa i hoʻokahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa i hōʻike ʻia i ka 1880-1913. Hōʻike nā haʻawina genetic mai nā 1990s e like paha M. kirkii e māhele hou ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻano - M. kirkiisensual stricto, M. cavendishii a M. damarensis. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hā o nā ʻano huna huna ʻehā, M. thomasi, hiki i nā mea kū hoʻokahi a me ka heluna kanaka M.damarensis (lawa ʻole ʻikepili).
18.06.2019
ʻO ka dikdik maʻamau (lat. Madoqua kirkii) no nā ʻohana Bovidae. Kaha ʻia kēia antelope liʻiliʻi ma East Africa a loaʻa iā ia kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻenekaranui o ka wahi. ʻO ia kekahi o nā antelope liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ʻAmelika a me nā kumu kai nui no nā manu manuʻai a me nā mammals.
Kiwi ʻia kāna ʻiʻo a ʻai ʻia e ka lehulehu e ʻai ʻia, akā naʻe ke ʻai ʻia ka nui o ka ʻili. Hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā kūlike lima. Ma kekahiʻaoʻao āpau e hele i ka ʻili o nā holoholona ʻelua.
Ua wehewehe mua ʻia kēia mau ʻano ma 1880 e ka German zoologist Albert Karl Gotgelf Gunther.
Kahele
Loaʻa ka noho home ma East a me Central Africa. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā dikdik maʻamau ma Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Namibia a me Somalia hema.
Noho nā holoholona ma semi-dry grassy a shrub savannas, a ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā ululāʻau. Hōʻalo lākou i nā savannahs maloʻo me nā mea kanu maikaʻi ʻole. ʻIke nui nā antelope a Dikdik e hūnā ma nā pua thilny e waiho iki ma ke ahiahi i ka lā.
Kakau ʻia ka huina heluna o 970 tausani i nā pākeke.
ʻAno lawehala
ʻO ka dikdi maʻamau e mālama nui loa a weliweli. Hoʻohana lākou i ka hapanui o ka manawa ma ke keʻena a hele mau i ka hānai ma nā ala paʻa i hōʻoia ʻia. Kūkulu maikaʻi lākou i kahi ʻike a me ka hoʻolohe, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaopopo i ke ala o kahi mea kime ma kahi mamao loa.
I ka pōpoki iki iki, ua holo lākou, e lele ana i nā zigzag e lele a hoʻomohala i nā wikiwiki e ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 km / h.
I nā lā wela, ʻike ʻia ka hana i ka pō, a me ka ua i ka lā i ke ao. Hōʻola nā holoholona i nā ʻohana monogamous. Mālama nā ʻelee i ko lākou home home mai ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā malihini a hōʻailona ikaika i kona mau palena me ka urine, puna a me nā mea huna o nā moʻi momona. ʻAʻole lākou i komo i ke kaua ākea, e hoʻopili ana iā lākou iho e hōʻike i ko lākou manaʻo kūlike. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kuʻi e nā nika ʻoluʻolu o ke poʻo.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui maoli nā leopona, nā ʻīlio, nā chimpanzees a me nā baboons. ʻO ka antlope a Dikdik ka mea maʻamau i ka ʻaihue a me nā lepa.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai ʻo nā lau o nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau kākē. Hoʻopili iā lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu a me nā mea cereal. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia artiodactyl mai ka meaʻai me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kanu lāʻau.
Hele ka dikdik i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai inā wale ʻole nā mea wī ma kahi kokoke. Koi pinepine ʻo ia i kahi hele i ka wai. He mea hanohano me kahi mea piha i ka hau hau kakahiaka a me ka ea i loaʻa mai nā meaʻai. E hauʻoli me ka ʻai i nā hua ʻai ʻala i hāʻule i lalo o nā kumulāʻau i ka lepo.
ʻAno hānau
ʻO ka uluʻana i ka wahine i nā wahine he 6 mau mahina, a i nā kāne i ka makahiki hoʻokahi. Hoʻonohonoho ka poʻe kamaʻilio male i nā kāne a noho a noho i kahi home o 5 a 30 hekahi.
ʻO ka wī e mālama ana i kahi o 170 mau lā. Lawe ka wahine i hoʻokahi pākuhi ke kaupaona nei 560-680 g. Hānai ia iā ia me ka waiū no 6-7 mau pule.
I nā mahina 7, hiki i ka wai o nā holoholona i ka nui o nā holoholona makua a pana ʻia e nā mākua ma ko lākou mau ʻāina. Hiki i ka wahine ke hānau i 2 mau manawa i ka makahiki. Ma ka hopena o ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ʻokoʻa ma lalo o ka hapalua o nā ʻōpio ola.
ʻO keʻano
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 55-77 cm, ʻo ka huelo he 4-6 cm. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo he 35-45 cm. ʻO ke paona o ke kino he 2700-6000 g. ʻO ka hulu pōkole i waihoʻoluʻu i nā ʻano like ʻole mai ka hina hina a ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula. ʻO ka ʻāpana ventral he ʻalani a ʻulaʻula paha.
Loaʻa i nā males nā pūlima liʻiliʻi e ʻili piha ia i ka lauoho. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi ma luna o ke poʻo ma mua o ke koena o ke kino. Hōʻalo nā wāwae kuʻekuʻe me nā puʻu liʻiliʻi.
Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo a hoʻonui i mua. Hāpau ka pūliki elongated e hoʻolōʻihi i ke kino. Holo ke koko ma o nā moku o ka lua o ka ihu a maloʻo ma muli o nā fue.
Loaʻa ka makemake o ke ola i ka hihiu ma mua o 3 mau makahiki. Ma ka noho pio, ola ke dikdik maʻamau a hiki i 10 mau makahiki.
Hana ʻia ʻo Dikdee Gunther
Noho kēia mau ʻōnohi ma nā wahi me ka puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa, pale aku lākou i ka mauʻu lōʻihi a hohonu hoʻi, me ka hōʻalo ʻia o ka ʻike, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka neʻe ʻana. Noho lākou i ka pili i nā wahi ulu a me nā semi-arid e ulu ai nā mea kanu ulu. Loaʻa nō hoʻi lākou i nā ululāʻau a me nā wahi ʻino wai.
Dickdick Gunther (Madoqua guentheri).
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka dikdik Gunther i kēlā mau wahi i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻūhā ʻana a me nā wahi e hoʻopuʻi ʻia ai nā mea kanu, hāʻawi ʻia nā wahi like iā lākou i ka meaʻai pono a kūpono iā lākou.
Makemake lākou i nā alanui. Hiki i ka Gunter dikdi ke noho ma nā wahi me nā ʻeleʻele, a ma nā pōhaku haʻahaʻa.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ola o dikdik Gunther
ʻO ke kaumaha o dikdik Gunther ʻo 3-5 kg. ʻO kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi a ʻuʻuku. He lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī, liʻiliʻi ke poʻo. Aia ke kua o ke kino ma luna o nā poʻohiwi.
ʻO ka dikdiks o Gunther he pālulu humuhumu, ʻokoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu ma hope o ke kalaʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula, a he hina a ʻulaʻula paha ka ʻaoʻao ventral. He pokole ka huelo, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 5 kenimika ma ka lōʻihi, ua uhi ʻia kona ʻaoʻao ma luna me ka lauoho, a ʻole ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao.
ʻO ka dikkiki o Gunther ka hana i ka wanaʻao a me ke ahiahi, a i ka lā e hūnā ʻia nei lākou i nā mākeke pōkole.
He 4 mau pūkoki pōkole ʻo Males, he 9-10 sentimika lōʻihi. Hiki i nā ʻūlani a pololei a hāʻule paha i hope. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā pepeiaohao ma hope o nā pili o ka lauoho ma ka lae. He nui nā maka, ʻeleʻele hoʻi, ʻeleʻele hoʻi nā maka. ʻO nā wāwae a lōʻihi ka lūlū, hoʻopau lākou me nā puʻu ʻeleʻele.
He kiko lōʻihi a Dikdik Gunther, a hiki ke neʻe i nā ʻōhua like ʻole. Eia kekahi, nā Gunter dikds, ʻaʻole like i nā dikds maʻamau, he mau ihu nui.
Hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism ka moʻo maoli i ka wahine ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine a ʻaʻohe o lākou i nā pū. Ma nā kāne like ʻole, kūlike nā combs mai ka lauoho, akā ʻoi aku kā lākou i nā kāne nui a māhuahua.
ʻO ka ʻohana ʻohana dikdy ʻo Gunther
Hoʻopau nā dikkids ʻo Gunther i nā ʻohana ʻohana i kahi kāne makua kāne hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku kahi pēpē nui. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o kahi pēpē hou, ua kipaku ʻia ʻo ke kaikamahine mai ka ʻohana.
Ke hōʻike nei kēia mau holoholona i ka ʻano o ka teritori a hōʻailona i nā palena o ka ʻāina me nā puʻu lepo, ʻelua mau kāne i ka hōʻailona i nā palena, akā hana pinepine ʻia nā wahine. Hoʻopau nā kaukani ʻo ka ʻāina i nā ʻūhā, waiho i nā feces a hōʻailona i ka ʻāina me ka iʻa. Lāpā hoʻi lākou i nā ʻāpana lāʻau me nā pū.
Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻo dikdiki i ka hana huna o ka ʻōlapa orlital e hōʻailona i ka ʻāina. Hōʻike nō hoʻi lākou i ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o ke anela, e hana ana i nā kani e ʻike ʻia ana i ke ʻano he "ʻano ʻalāwāhi," kahi o ke ʻano ka inoa o ka ʻano. Hāʻawi kēia mau kani i ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻohana.
ʻO ka wahine o Gunther dikdiks, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai nui, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā kāne, akā ʻo ka mea hope loa e hoʻomohala i ka ʻohana ʻohana.
ʻO ke ʻano kaulike a ke ʻano o Gunther
E hilahila a mālama pono kēia mau holoholona, me ka ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e loaʻa nā wahi e malu ai. Ua ʻike ʻia lākou e nā leopona, nā hyenas, nā caracals, nā cheetah, nā ʻīlio, nā lepona, nā aeto a me nā pēpē.
I ka manawa e kū like ai nā ʻano o nā mea i ka poʻe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia, kū like ʻole nā dikter ka Gunther, no ka laʻana, inā kokoke kahi leopela, hoʻomaka ke dikkd e lele, a inā ka hyena kokoke, nānā ka makaʻala iā ia. ʻO nā maka aleu, mahalo loa, wikiwiki a ʻike hoʻi i kahi pae ponoʻī, e kōkua i ka pakele mai nā mea hoʻopiʻi.
Hōʻike lākou i ka hana i ke ahiahi a me ka pō. Kuhi lākou a hiki i ka manawa o 3 a.m., a ma mua o ke kakahiaka ʻana.
ʻOiai ka pōʻino nui loa o ka ʻĀina e noho ana i nā wahi o Somalia, ua hoʻomō ke ola o Gunther dikkas.
ʻO kaʻaiʻaiʻai di Gunter
I loko o ka meaʻai, ua koho pono kēia mau holoholona. ʻAi wale lākou i ka meaʻai maikaʻi loa, e ʻai ana i kekahi mau mea kanu: huaila, lau, huaʻai, huaʻai. ʻAkahi wale nō hapa o nā meaʻai. ʻAi lākou i ka mea kanu mea waiwai i ka protein. ʻAʻole kūpaʻa ʻo Dikdiki i kekahi mau lau, akā e koho i nā mea ʻai ponoʻī mai ka lehulehu i loaʻa.
I nā kola holoʻokoʻa, e loli ana ka loli o ka meaʻai o nā dikds a Gunther. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine lākou i nā mea kanu i nā māla. Loaʻa lākou i ka wai mai ka wai o nā mea kanu a me ka hau, no laila ke ola ʻaʻole pono lākou e kipa i nā wahi kanu.
ʻO ka ʻai kai a Gunther, e like me ke kānāwai, kokoke i ka lepo, kahe ana o ka mauʻu me kona lehelehe kiʻekiʻe a me ka alelo. Eia kekahi, he mau mea kūikawā ʻae e ʻae iā lākou e ʻoki i nā lau mai nā mea kanu palu e hiki ʻole i nā ruminants ke hōʻea: kahi puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, kahi proboscis elongated, hāmeʻa hāwau a me kahi alelo ʻokiʻoki. Hiki iā lākou ke kū ma nā wāwae hind, a paʻa ka mua i nā lālā e kiʻi ai i ka tidbits.
Noho ʻia nā dikkids o Gunther ma ʻAitiopa, Somalia, ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Kenya a me Uganda ʻākau.
ʻO ka hua manu a Gunter ke ʻohi aʻe i nā aʻa maikaʻiʻai mai ka honua aku me nā pepeiaohao a me nā ʻūhā puʻu. ʻAʻohe lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i ke koena o ka papa ʻai o nā primates a me nā manu.
ʻO ka helu a me ka helu nui o nā diks nā Gunter
ʻO nā dikkids ʻo Gunther ka mea nui nui ka hopu holoholona. I nā makahiki 1900, ua kūʻai ʻia nā paila dikdik no ke kiʻi ʻokoʻa aku e nā haneli he mau tausani. I kēia lā, ʻo ka lawaiʻa a me ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa e mālama ʻia ana ma Gunter dikds.
Hana ʻia nā kikilima mai ko lākou ili. Ma ka liʻiliʻi he 2 paona e koi ʻia e hana hoʻokahi. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino o dikdiks i kumu o ka ʻona.
ʻO ka hopu huluhulu no nā Gunter dikds hiki ke lilo i pilikia. I kēia mea, i nā hale noho, i ka nui o kā lākou helu i hōʻemi. I kēia lā, aia ma mua o 100 tausani mau mea o nā Gunter dikds. Akā ma ka wā e hiki mai ka pilikia o ka luku o ka lehulehu.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.