Kahula | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kahi ʻano ʻepekema | |||||||||
Aupuni: | Eumetazoi |
Moulou | Nā iʻa Bony |
Nā Kuhikuhi: | Kouiniphysi |
Kekaha: | Pēlā ʻolua |
Nānā: | Kahula |
Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)
Kahula (Lat. Carassius gibelio, ʻo kēia inoa Latin inoa ʻae ʻia i ka makahiki 2003, ma mua mai iā Lat. Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch, 1782)) - kahi wai māla wai mai ka wai o ka ʻohana kanu crossp.
ʻO keʻano
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻāpana kālā keleawe kālā ma mua o ke gula ma nā ʻoi a ʻoi aku ka māmā a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kino. E like me ke kānāwai, ʻo ke kala o nā unahi, he kālā-hina a he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-hina wale nō, akā i kekahi manawa ke loaʻa nā spimens me kahi kala gula a i ʻole ka poni-pinkula. Hiki ka loli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino i ka lōʻihi a keu aku i nā kūlana ola.
ʻO ka maka mua o ka dorsal a me nā anal fins he paʻakikī, he jagged spike, ke koena o nā hihi he palupalu.
Kūpono ke kāpela kālā keleawe he 46.6 cm ka lōʻihi a me ke kaupaona a hiki i 3 kg. Noho nā specimens pilikino a hiki i 10-12 mau makahiki.
Mālama
I ka wā mua, noho ke kāleʻa crucian ma ke awāwa ʻo Amur a me nā noho hou. Kūkulu nui ʻia i ka makahiki 60 o ke kenekulia XX ma nā wahi waiwai he nui o Siberia a me ʻEulopa. Kuhi ʻia ʻia i ʻAmelika Hikina, India a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ma ka manawa like, ma nā lako kaiā a ʻEulopa a me Siberia kahi hoʻoiho pio ʻana e ka maʻi crossian carp (gula) me ke kāla keleawe kālā, a hiki i ka nalo loa ʻana o kēia mea.
ʻAno hānau
Hiki ke hōʻemi ʻia nā kahe ʻana mai Porti mai kahi ʻekolu a ʻekolu mau makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e kau pono ana i ke ʻano o ka wai. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻo nā kāne he 4-6 mau manawa ma mua o nā wāhine. Ma kekahi mau hale kō, ʻo ia nō ka mea i koho ʻia e ka wahine wahine. I loko o nā kaola mau, nā wahine wahine ʻeke kālā me nā kāne o nā iʻa e pili ana i ka iʻa (roach, crucian carp, tench, bream, carp and others). ʻAʻole hiki ka hoʻokuʻi maoli ʻana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kanu nā sperm, akā hoʻokau wale ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hua. I kēia hihia, ʻike wale ʻia nā wahine o nā keiki. Ke kapa ʻia kēia ʻano hana o ka hana he gynogenesis.
ʻĀina waiwai
ʻO ke crucian kālā he mea hana i ka lawaiʻa o ka iʻa, e like me ke kalaka, a me kahi mea no ka lawaiʻa ʻana, haʻuki a me ka lawaiʻa nui. ʻO nā Hybrids o ke kala crossian carp a me nā pulima i hana ʻia.
E pili ana i nā subspecies o ke kāla keleawe kālā o ka ʻaukā, a me nā mea ʻala a me nā mea ʻala ʻē aʻe i kūkulu ʻia ma Kina i ke kenekulia 11th.
Mālama paʻa palapala pahu pahu (ʻeka e pili ana i 40 cm)
ʻOihana kalepa. Nā ʻano like me ke kino a me ke kala o nā unahi
Nā hōʻailona waho
Iʻa me nā iʻa. He pōkole pōkole, hoʻopili ʻia, a emi aʻe i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ʻano gula. ʻO ka helu o nā unahi ma ka laina hope mai 27 a 31. He lōʻihi nā lōʻihi o nā lālā koʻikoʻi, ʻo kā lākou helu mai 39 a 50. Hoʻonālikelike ʻia ia e kona ʻano a hiki ke hana i nā ʻano like ʻole i loko o nā kala a me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona waho.
ʻO nā unahi o ka umauma crucian kala a he hina-kālā, me kahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, he keleawe-kaomi i hope. I kekahi manawa ke hele ʻia ka poʻe me ke kala melemele i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia mai ka iʻa.
Pau nā momona, kaupaona
ʻO ka pinepine ma nā kāhiki aia kekahi poʻe a hiki i 20 mau kenimika lōʻihi - me ke koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ma mua o 350 gram. ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ke kalaiwa crucian hiki ke hele ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, ma kahi o 40 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona a hiki i 2 kg.
ʻOiaiʻo kaʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka kalima kala he mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke gula - e ulu wikiwiki ana ia ma mua o ka hope.
Nā iʻa like
Kekahi ʻano pili - ʻonika - he nui nā mea maʻamau me ke kalepa kālā. Hoʻohālike ka poʻe ʻelele o ka ʻohana Chukuchanov ma ia la, no ka laʻana, ka pākā nui, nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, nā umauma liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻeleʻele ʻē aʻe, ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa crucian carp i kahi pa i hōʻailona ʻia ma ka dorsal fin.
ʻO nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio o nā kalima i like me ke kalima kālā, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka wā i ka wā ma mua o ka hele ʻana o antennae a me kahi puʻupuʻu hou elongated.
Kahula
Hāʻawi ʻia ke kālani Crucian ma ke gula no ka hiʻohiʻona o nā paona, he gula ʻue. ʻEleʻele ka kua o ke iʻa, hina a ʻeleʻele paha. He māmā mau ka ʻōpū, ʻoiai inā e pili ana i ke kūlana, hiki iā ia ke loaʻa kahi pale ʻē aʻe.
Noho kēia holoholona i nā kaila o nā ʻāpana nui o ʻEulopa a me Siberia; Hiki ke kapa ʻia he kamaʻāina maoli. Hiki iā ia ke ola i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi loa. Ma kahi kauwela maloʻo, ke kahe nui ana o ka wai i loko o ke koena lau, ke kanu ʻia nei ke kāla crossian i loko o ka silt, e kali ana i ka ua ma laila. Ma ke ala like, e ʻae i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā loko liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻoilo, ʻeli nei i kahi hohonu o ka hapalua mita mika. ʻO ka mea kanu overwinter, pēlā, a mae ka hau. No kēia kumu, nui nā kukuna papaʻu manawaleʻa kahi e noho wale ai nā kaleka holo cross.
ʻO nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, inā e hāʻule lākou i loko o nā loko i nā ala like ʻole, ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole lākou e ola i ka hoʻoilo. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ka manuahi o ka wai i lalo, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka lawa o ka oxygen.
ʻO ka ʻōpala mauʻu mauʻu a iʻa paha ka home o kēia wahi noho. ʻO kahi noho aloha o ka kaleka crossian, ʻo ia ka palena ma waena o ka mauʻu a me ka papa. Loaʻa i ka manawa i loaʻa i loko o "nā pukaaniani" ma waena o nā palapū o nā algae. I nā mālamalama o nā iʻa i loaʻa lākou i ka meaʻai, kahi mahana ʻoluʻolu a me kahi e malu ai mai ka lā.
Hoʻomaka ʻa ka ʻili o ka iʻa
Kūleʻa ke kīleʻa keleawe kālā ma mua o kona hoa kāne a he mea waiwai i nā mahiʻai iʻa. Ke hōʻea nei i nā makahiki he ʻelua mau makahiki, kaupaʻa ʻia nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ma kahi o 400 mau mika, ʻoi loa hoʻi ma nā ʻāina hema. Me ka nui o ka makahiki, hiki i ka paona o kēlā me kēia iʻa ke hoʻonui i ka 2 kg Hoʻohana nui ʻo Malek ma ka zooplankton a me ka phytoplankton. ʻO Krupnyak, ʻai i ka meaʻai a ka holoholona a me ka mea kanu, i nā manawa ʻaʻole e hoʻowahāwahā i ka kālai.
Nui nā mea kālā a me ke gula ʻole, akā aia nā ʻokoʻa nui i waena o lākou. Hoʻomaka ka nui o nā kalaiwa crucian maʻamau i ʻelua kilogram, e like me kekahi o nā hōʻike, a ʻoi aku. Akā no ka hapa nui, ʻo nā hoʻohālike e kaupaona ana he 0.5 kg ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano nui i waena o ka lawaiʻa. ʻOiai ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ia nei, ke ulu mālie nei kēia iʻa. I ka awelika, i ka makahiki ʻelua o makahiki, kaupaʻa ʻia ʻo crucian ma kahi o 100 gram. ʻO kahi hoʻonui liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi kēia, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana cyprinid. Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻelua paha, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i akilā.
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia i loko o nā loko liʻiliʻi me kahi kumu noʻu e hana ʻole ai, ʻoi wale nō ke ola ʻana o ka crucian carp liʻiliʻi. Eia kekahi, calibrated kona nui. ʻO ka hiki ʻana i nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe ma ke kuʻuna e hoʻopilikia nui i ka nui a me ka nui o nā holoholona. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka rotan he ʻenemi pōpoki o ke kalapu crucian, hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka ʻōpio. Holo lākou i ke kāleka ʻōpio a me nā pōkole.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻonui
Ua aniani ke olakino Crucian ma loko o ka wai a hiki i ka 14-16 degere, i ka hohonu o ka hapalua mita. Kāpīpī ka ipo i nā kumulāʻau lāʻau a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu aku, kahi lāʻau caviar i nā kaula. Hiki i ke kaʻina hana ke hana i nā manawa he nui i ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka manawa e mahana ʻia ai ka wai. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke kālai ʻia ke kaʻa a hiki i ʻAukake a i Kepakemapa hoʻi. Hoʻomaopopo pinepineʻia kēia ma nā kūkulu hema, i kahi mahana o ka wai o 15-20 mau kekelē.
Aia kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ke kalepa crucian carp, ʻo ka nui o nā wahine i komo i ka hana. ʻO ka pīkī i kū hou mai, lanakila hou nā wahine. Ma kekahi mau hale kō, ʻo nā wahine wahine wale nō. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hua e nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi ka nui o ka iʻa ʻoki. Hiki iā ia ke kani, keʻa, ke kalepona, ka nui o ke kaʻa, ka tench a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā caviar Crucian i halihali i kahi ʻelua o nā chromosom a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohui i kāna kumu me ka sperm intus. No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hua, ka komo ʻana o kekahi sperm i loko, e hoʻoholo ai.
Ma muli o kēlā pīhoihoi like ʻole, mai kēlā manawa i kēia manawa nā ʻano hybrid o ke kāla kea. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā hybrids ke hoʻomau i ka ʻano ʻano he ʻano kūʻokoʻa no ka hiki ʻole i ka infertility. Eia kekahi, kaupalena lākou i ka ulu a me ka lōʻihi.
Hoʻohana pinepine ka Waterfowl i nā hua i nā loko a me nā loko iʻa a puni. No laila, hāʻawi aku lākou i nā hana kūlohelohe o nā kino liʻiliʻi a hiki ʻole hoʻi i ke kino.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, pehea e hiki ai i kekahi ke wehewehe i ke ʻano o ke kāla crucian ma nā loko wai lāʻau, nā nui o ka nui o kekahi mau mika. I kēlā mau "puddles" kahi maʻamau ka noho 'ana me nā ʻaoʻao o lākou.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka carp crucian a me ke kalapu
ʻAʻohe nō kānalua ke hoʻokaʻawale kahi lawena loina i kēia iʻa me ka ʻole o kahi pilikia. Akā e kū mai ana kekahi mau pilikia i ka lawaiʻa hoʻomaka. E hoʻāʻo mākou e maopopo i nā mea like a me nā kūʻokoʻa.
Eia nā ʻano ʻelua i nā ʻohana like ʻole a ua like nā ʻano like:
- Nā Koleke,
- Kino kino
- ʻO nā lau nui
- Kāleka a me ka nui o nā pua.
Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau kikoʻī a pau, akā me kahi leʻaleʻa puʻupuʻu. Inā nānā ʻoe i ke ākea, e hōʻike hou ʻia nā ʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau iʻa, e hiki ke ʻae ʻia nā mea aʻe:
- ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka moni dorsal o ke kalapā, akāʻoi aku ka lōʻihi i ke kiʻekiʻe.
- Paʻu ʻia ka nui o ke kino o ke kaliki, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻūlia crucian, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke gula, ua ʻoi aku ka ʻoi a puni.
- ʻEha kāmela
- ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka pēpē makua
KālāKripoia
Kūpono ma ka ihu. Ka poʻe pololei o ke poʻo.
Ko nā lehelehe paleke palupalu
Piha ke kino, elongated, paluwale ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino, compressed
ʻEleʻele, nā kuaʻu nui loa, ʻoi a ʻoi aku ka māmā.
ʻO ka ʻekea ma ka pae.
ʻOi aku ka nui a me ka ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka māmā
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻO ka maʻamau, mālama ʻia ka lāʻau crossian ma lalo, a i ʻole ma nā papaʻu o lalo o nā mea kanu kai. Hiki iā ia ke kū i luna i nā papa o luna o ka wai, no ka laʻana, i ka manawa o ka lawe nui ʻana i nā o nā pepeke. Nā kula puka, nā iʻa nui hiki ke noho wale. He mea hoʻowahāwahā i ka wai o ka wai, inā nā pōʻino loa (e kulu i ʻole a i ʻole ka manuahi ʻana o kahi kōnane, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka wai) - ua kanu ʻia i ka silt a hānau ʻia. ʻO kēia moku'āina, hiki i ka manawa lōʻihi ke lōʻihi.
He aha nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka kalima a me ke kīleʻa
Hoʻomaʻama pinepine, lohe wau i nā lawaiʻa aʻu i ʻike no ka hopu ʻana i kahi puaʻa. I ka nīnau ʻana i ke ʻano o kona ʻano e like me ke ʻano, ua wehewehe nā kānaka a pau i ke kaleka crossian maʻamau. ʻO kēia mea ʻoi ka pīhoihoi iaʻu, no ka mea ua ʻoi lākou no kēia iʻa ma kahi kahawai aʻu i ʻike pono ai. ʻAʻohe mea ʻē aʻe akā ʻo ke kalapu, ka roopū, ka scavenger, perch a me ka gudgeon, ʻaʻole au i loa i hele ma laila. Makemake wau e ʻike hou aku e pili ana iā ia, ʻo ia hoʻi a me kona pilina me ke kalai ʻana ma ke kea.
He aha kēia ʻano hana mana, me kahi inoa maopopo ʻole? Eia ka mea aʻu i ʻike ai:
- ʻO kēia iʻa paʻilima mai Amerika mai. Loaʻa ʻia kona inoa mai ka mokuʻāina ʻo Buffalo. I laila ʻo ia i kīa ai i kona mare ʻana, a ma hope i haʻalele ʻia ai ka wahine.
- Ma USSR, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka iʻa i ka makahiki mua o ke kanalima, me ka nānā ʻana i kona pā hou. Hoʻokomo ʻia ma nā mea kanu kūikawā.
- I kēia manawa, aia ʻekolu mauʻano o kēia ʻano pōkole: ʻeleʻele, ʻuʻuku a me nā poʻomanaʻo nui. ʻO ia ka mea hope loa i ka hopena i ka Soviet Union, i kēia manawa ma Rusia a me kekahi mau ʻāina CIS.
- Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i loko o nā kaila kūlohelohe o Lūkia, ʻaʻole kēia i komo i kēia pilu me mākou. Mai ke kau manawa e loaʻa ai nā kō i nā kahawai, hopu ʻia e nā lawaiʻa.
- ʻO ka ʻiʻo kīʻaha he momona a ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o ke kalaiwa crucian, a heʻuʻuku nō hoʻi kona mau iwi.
- ʻO ka nui o kahi pālato o kahi pākeke ʻē aʻe i kekahi manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka nui o ke kalai ʻana ma ke kea.
E like me ka ʻike ʻana mai ke kiʻi a me nā wehewehe, he ʻano like ʻole kēia mau iʻa. ʻOiaiʻo ka hana mana o ka ʻāina ma waho, mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa e hiki mai ana i ka mākaʻi o ka lawaiʻa, i ka hapa nui, hopu nā kānaka i ke kalepa crossany kala maʻalahi.
ʻaukala. Carassius auratus gibelio, carassius auratus
ʻO ka'āpana āpau o Belarus
Kulana Kouinidae.
A hiki i ka 2003, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Carassius auratus gibelio, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Carassius auratus.
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kāleka keleawe kālā i loko o nā kaola o Belarus i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 1948. Ua lawe ʻia ka wahi crucian i ka ʻāpana o Belarus mai nā ʻano kumu like ʻole a me nā ʻano amphymtic a me ka gynogenetic. Kahu kalima (amima) 1000 mai nā kahawai wai. ʻO Cupid i ka mahiʻai iʻa Volma, mai kahi manawa i noho ai ma luna o nā mahiʻai iʻa a me nā hale noho i nā ʻāpana ʻākau a me waena o Belarus. I loko o nā mahiʻai o nā iʻa "White" a me "Red Dawn", nāna i hana ma ke ʻano o ka noho hou ʻana o ke ʻaukā kala keleawe ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina, ua hoʻopuka ʻia kona ʻano gynogenetic (1250 spim) mai ka Savvinsky hatchery (Moscow mokuna). Akā, ma hope iho, ua hui pū ʻia nā heluna o nā lehulehu mai nā pā lawaiʻa like ʻole a me ka neʻe ʻana o kēia ʻano holoholona e nā lawaiʻa ʻoki. I kēia lā, ʻaʻole i aʻo ʻia ka māhele o nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kala keleawe kālā ma Belarus.
I kēia manawa, ʻike nui ka crucian hiriwa i nā mea waiwai o nā kahe wai Dnieper, Pripyat, Zapadnaya Dvina a me Neman.
Ma ka hopena o ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ua hiki ke kālā keleawe i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 10 cm a me ke paona o 25-30 g. ʻO ka iʻa pākeke i ka makahiki 5-6 o ke ola e hiki ke lōʻihi i kahi 30-40 cm a kaupaona ma luna o 1 kg. ʻO ke ʻano ke nānā aku, ua like like ke kālai kālā keleawe me ka nui o ka peʻa crucian maʻamau, ʻokoʻa i kahi ʻano kino ʻē aʻe, a me ka nui o nā lālā lālā lāʻau ma ke kīpala mua o ka lālā lālā a me kahi kaʻi ʻihiʻī. He nui ka pāpaʻi ʻana a nā pāpaʻi, i ka laina ma hope, aia he 27-33 mau unahi. Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ka dorsal. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka lau caudal o ke kalapu crossian i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ka crucian carp. ʻO nā niho Pharyngeal hoʻokahi manuahi, e like me ka maʻi melemele maʻamau.
I ka pena, ʻokoʻa nā ka crossian carp i nā ʻāpana crossian maʻamau i nā ʻaoʻao silvery o ke kino a me ka ʻōpū, a me nā pōʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele hoʻi, ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka peritoneum.
ʻAʻole e like me ke kaʻa crossian maʻamau, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka ʻeli crucian i nā loko nui a me nā kahe, me nā wai e kahe ana. Hoʻopili i nā wahi like, me ka ʻole e hana lōʻihi a lōʻihi nā neʻe ʻana i ka wai.
Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ia i ke ola benthic, ke koho ʻana i nā kaila wai me ka wai hoʻoweliweli a i ʻole kaho kahe a me ka lalo siliki. E ola ana me ka mahele ʻāpana a hoʻopiha paha i nā pilikia o ka hoʻoilo. I ka hoʻoilo, he puka ia i nā ʻōpū ma nā wahi hohonu. I ka pūnāwai, i ka waiho ʻana i nā wahi hoʻoilo a i ke kauwela, e pālahalaha ia ma ke kino o ka wai o ka wai, makemake ʻia nā wahi pāpala maikaʻi. Hoʻomaka hou ʻia nā hōʻuluʻulu me ka nui ma Mei - Iune i loko o nā wahi spawning a i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka wai i ka wā e neʻe ai i nā wahi hoʻoilo.
Kūpono ka pipi kalepa ma ka he 3-4 he mau makahiki, a ma lalo o nā kūlana ola e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o ke kino lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o 18 cm. Aukake. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kiko kiko hoʻomaka, e hoʻomaka ma ka mahana wai ma lalo o 16-18ºС. ʻO ka fecundity pololei loa o nā wahine, ma muli o ka makahiki, ka lōʻihi a me ke kaumaha o ke kino o nā kānaka he 90-650 tausani hua.
I ka ʻōmaʻomaʻa kālā o ke kāla pipi crucian i kahi ʻano kūikawā o ka hoʻohālikelike a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka iʻa, ʻike ʻia ʻo gynogenesis (mai ka wahine gyne wahine a me ka hopena genesis, kumu). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia me ka mea ma hope o ka komo ʻana o ka sperm i loko o ka hua, ʻaʻole i hui ʻia ko lākou ʻano waiwai, a ma ka ulu hou ʻana o ka embryo wale nō ka pili o ka hua manu. I loko o gynogenesis, loaʻa i ka hua wahine wale nō nā hua, a hoʻopili ʻia nā hua me ka sperm o nā pili pili kokoke. No laila, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka caviar kālā me ke sperm o ke kalima, ke ʻano, ka pipi aila maʻamau, ka ʻumi ʻana, ka lau a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili pono ana, akā hoʻoilina nā hanauna e kū pono ana i nā waiwai o ka ʻano kumu maoli o ke kālā keleawe kala. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kahi ʻano kaila like ʻole ma ka helu o nā kala kalaika keleawe. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he mau liʻiliʻi nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā kānaka i piha i ka male. ʻO nā moekolohe wahine like ʻole. ʻO nā iwi gynogenetic o ke kāla keleawe kālā ka mea he 3 mau pūmomo, aʻo nā iʻa mai nā bisexual ka nohona he mau pūʻulu chromosome.
Hoʻohana ʻo ka mea kaulele kālā kālā i ka invertebrates like aku me ka carp crucian maʻamau - invertebrates lalo, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā larva chironomid, hoʻohana pū ka zooplankton a me phytoplankton a me nā mea kanu meaʻai. ʻAʻole ʻai i ka hoʻoilo.
Hoʻokumu ka nui o ka ulu ʻana i ke ʻano o nā kaila, akā i ka laulā nui i loko o nā kaila maoli, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe. I nā momona momona, nā wai wai pāpaku (Lake Chervonoe) i ka makahiki ʻeono, hiki ke hele i kahi paona kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 1 kg.
Ke hana ʻole nei i ka lōʻihi o ka neʻe ʻana i ka wā o kona ola ʻana, ʻo ke kumulāʻau kālā i ka manawa like me ka pale ʻana i nā mamao nui e like me ke ʻano o ka acclimatization ākea. Ma muli o kāna hana maikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana ola, ka ʻeke kūpaʻa he mea maʻamau i hana ʻia i ka iʻa ma nā wahi wai kūlohelohe a me nā mahiʻai wai.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka crossian kālā no kāna kamaʻilio kupaianaha a ʻo ia nā kūpuna o nā ʻano he nui i loko o ka wā gula.
Loaʻa ia ma nā wahi āpau i nā pāʻoihana a me nā popoki. Me nā kāmela crucian maʻamau, he mea kaulana loa o ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa. Hōʻawali ka ʻili i nā lāʻau lawaiʻa e hoʻohana ana i nā wīwī, kahe koko, ka ʻōpala a i ʻole anamu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me ka linseed, hemp, aila anise, peppermint a laurel paha e like me nā nozzles. I loko o nā kaola, ua ʻokoʻa nā "ʻono" o ke kalepona, a he mea ia ma loko o ka nui kōkuhi i ka lā aʻe e koi ʻia kekahi pū. No laila, no ka lawaiʻa no nā crucians lawe lākou me lākou i nā nozzles ʻokoʻa. E makemake ana ke kalepa kala i nā ʻolua ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi. No ka lawaiʻa e koho i nā wahi hohonu kokoke i nā mea kanu kai. Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia ʻo Karasey mai lalo iho, mai ka hapalua-wai a aneane loa i ka maka. Eia kekahi, i ka lā hoʻokahi ua ʻoi aku lākou ma mua o ka lalo, ma kahi ʻē aʻe - mai ka hapalua-wai, no laila, i ka wā e lawaiʻa ana me kekahi mau ʻauʻa lawaiʻa, pono lākou e hoʻonohonoho i nā hohonu hohonu a laila e hoʻokele i kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka lāʻau. ʻO ka māka maikaʻi loa o nā ʻīwī i nā wā post-spawning. Ma ka waena o ke kauwela, he mea ʻole i ka hopu a crossian, akā i kēlā me ia i nā lā ʻē e holo maikaʻi.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole paʻa ka lūlū ʻana. Ka huki pipi i ka leʻa holoʻokoʻa i ka lā āpau, akā ʻo ka manawa maikaʻi loa no ka ʻaihue ʻana he kakahiaka a ahiahi paha, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā lā malū i ke anuanu.
Ka mālie ʻole a ka ʻalihi o ke kea, no laila, he mau kumu ʻole a mua ʻole. Hoʻokipa pinepine ʻo Crucian i ka palau a me ka ʻū nui ʻana i ka nozzle koke, ke ʻole pōloli loa. I ka manawa like, haʻalulu mua ka lae, a laila hoʻomaka malie ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao. I kēia manawa, pono ia e kau. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka kaʻe ʻana o ka pahu crucian nui i like me ke kaʻe o kahi ʻumi a me ke kīpē, i ka manawa wikiwiki a huki koke i ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ka waena. Me ka pīpī palupalu, ia hewa e waiho ka wai i ka wai o ka wai. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo a ʻaʻole hiki mai ka manawa o ka ʻoki ʻana: ke hoʻāʻo nei ka iʻa i ka nozzle. Pono pono e kali a hoʻomaka ka neʻe i ka neʻe (ʻo ka iʻa me ka nozzle i nā lau waha), a wale nō ke hana a ʻokiʻoki. ʻAʻole he loko i ka pilikia nui ka hōʻili ʻana i nā hōʻoki ʻana. ʻO ka huaʻī o ka ʻīwī kālā ua hoʻoholo i nā ʻano like o ka pōloli.
Kahi aikamu he mea ʻike kaulana a he pālahalaha loa o ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka iʻa. ʻOi loa ka ʻala, kāla ʻia a ʻūlua ʻia.
ʻAʻole like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe
He nui nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka kala, ʻokoʻa a me ka nui. Loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ma ka noho a me nā mea kūlohelohe he nui. I nā ʻano silvery, he elongated ke kino, ʻaʻohe ka nui o ka laina o ke kua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka notch ma ka caudal fin.
Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o nā ʻanoʻokoʻa like ʻole: ʻelua mauʻaoʻao gula a me nā kala oblong. I ka puni ʻana o ke poʻo, e kū ana ka laina o ke kua i loko o kahi lāʻau ākea. ʻOkoʻa ke kala ʻōniʻoniʻu o ke ʻano ka ʻulaʻula a me ke kaila gula ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā mea kaulike kālā, ʻaʻole e like me nā wā e kū nei, e like me ke kū ʻana i ka wai a i ʻole nā aniani ʻūlū, me ka wai hoʻi e kahe ana o nā wai a me nā kahawai wai.
Pono e nānā ʻia ka nānā kālā a me ke ʻano kīʻaha. Ma ka ʻōpū, hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia nā paikela crossian - ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma ka ʻoki ʻana, a me nā poʻokela ua hoʻoiho maʻalahi ia. Ulu ka poʻokela i nā nui, a i kekahi manawa ke hōʻea i ka 15 kg. E maʻalahi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kalima keleawe kālā i ka poʻokela i ke ʻano o ke poʻo: i ka kīneke, ua like ia me ke poʻo o ke kalepa kālā.
ʻAno kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa i kahi kalapu i ka heʻe ʻana o kahi ʻamaki ma nā kihi o ka waha. Ke keʻokeʻo ka a me ke keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai ke ʻulaʻula. Pahu aku ke poʻo o ke kalapu i nā pākahi, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā unahi. Hiki i nā kaʻa he nui - a i ka 20 kg, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka mita.
Nā lawaiʻa puna
Ke hoʻomaka ka wai i ka 15 ° C, hoʻomaka nā poʻe kanu i ka wā i holo aku ai, aia i kekahi manawa nā lawaiʻa e hōʻailona i ko lākou piʻai ʻana i kēlā me kēia mahina. Pākuʻi nui ʻo Rapid spawning a me ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe zhor crucian carp maikaʻi i ka lawaiʻa maikaʻi. I kēia manawa, nānā i ka iʻa ma kekahi mau mea palupalu. Hoʻokokoke nā ʻohana hipa i kahakai, kahi e ʻae ai i ka lawaiʻa mai ka ʻāina.
E lawaiʻa ana i ke kauwela
I ke kauwela, he nui ka nui o ka mea kanu kiki e hiki ai i ka crossian legible no ka maunu. Hoʻohana ka poʻe lawaiʻa i ka hui ʻana o ka mea ʻai: ʻai, palaoa, kalima kāwili ʻia, ʻono ʻia me ka hemp, ke kāleka, vanila. I ke ao, pono e hopu ʻia i nā iʻa kokoke i ka pālepa, a i ke ahiahi a i ka pō ua pōkole ia ma nā papa wai o ka wai nui. Ma hope o ka ua, ʻo kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole like me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e mālie a paʻa a ʻōlelo iki.
Ke lawaiʻa ʻana i ka hāʻule
ʻO ke anuanu, hoʻomaloʻo ka iʻa i nā ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi, e hoʻomaka ana e pane maikaʻi ʻole i nā meaʻai hoʻohui. Ua emi ka hana o ka iʻa, e hoʻomaka ana e ʻimi no ka wai mahana i nā wahi maloʻo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka maka lōʻihi no ka hele ʻana o ka iʻa i ka hohonu no ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka lā mahana kohi ka manawa hope loa no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka iʻa no ke kalaiwa crucian.
Puu ʻanoʻano
Ua nui ka nui o nā kīhāpai iʻa me Karasi. ʻO kā lākou kūlana naʻauao a me ke koʻikoʻi e kōkua ai i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka lawaiʻa. Ke ulu nei ka ʻōpala kālā ma nā loko i kūpono ʻole no nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ichthyofauna ma muli o ke ʻano maikaʻi o ke kahe. Me ka hoʻouluulu kūlohelohe, ʻoluʻolu ʻo ka iʻa ma nā ʻano hui like ʻole.
Ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau, kahi i ʻae ʻole ai ka wai anuanu e ulu i kahi kalapu a i ʻole kalapu, ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia iʻa pono ʻole e paʻa ai i nā hopu kiki. Ke hele mai nā maʻi i loko o ka loko wai, haʻalele nā māka iʻa i ke kāla maiʻaila (ʻaʻole hiki i ka maʻi) no nā makahiki he nui i ka kaohi i ka loko. Ka palu nui o nā mea moʻomeheu hoʻoilina e hiki ai i nā pua ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻano hou o nā hua heihei.
Kāleka
ʻO nā kālia paʻakai kālā he mau ʻokoʻa like ʻole o nā ʻano like like - ʻo ke gula, a i ʻole ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Crucian Carpius (Carassius carassius). ^ E Ha yM. O ka waha o ka Cassius gibelio, a i C. auratus gibelio o ka ʻano hope loa, me ka loaʻa ʻole o antennae. ʻO ka wahi o ka peritoneum i loko o ka iʻa wai wai, me ke ʻano ture, ʻaʻole i ʻōpū ʻia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka dorsal ka lōʻihi a ua kū i loko. ʻO nā niho pharyngeal laina mua.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻokoʻa nui i nā unahi ʻoi a ʻoi, a me kahi pānaʻi kiʻekiʻe o ke kino. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā unahi o ia ke kea i loaʻa he kālā-hina a ʻulaʻala-hina paha ka hue, akā i kekahi manawa aia nā kuhi he gula a hiki i ka pinkish-kaomi i ka kala uncharacteristic no kēia ʻano. ʻAkuhi loa nā fins, ʻoliva a hina hina paha, me kahi hāmi pinkish.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻohālikelike o ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ke loli nui i lalo o ke mana o kekahi mau ʻaoʻao o waho, me ke ʻano o nā kūlana o ka iʻa. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka like o ke ʻano o ka hihi mua o ka loina a me nā dorsal fins, ʻo ia kahi kīpoki paʻa me ka serrated. Eia nō kekahi, nā hiʻohiʻona a pau e hōʻike i ka humuhumu pono.
He hoihoi! Hiki i ka mea kupaianaha no ke kaʻa crossian ke maʻalahi me ka hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano kaiāulu like ʻole a me ka ʻano kūlike e like me lākou, ua ʻae iā mākou e kūkulu i kahi ʻano iʻa hou a hoihoi ʻia, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Fish Fish".
I nā wahi me ka nele o nā mea hānai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pākeke ma mua o ka pāma. ʻO ka paona nui loa o ke gula ma mua o ka lako kai hoʻolako nui a paʻa i ka manawa pinepine ma mua o ka kilokilo ʻelua a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi, me ka awelika kino kino o ka pākeke ma ke ʻano he 40-42 cm.
Ka noho ʻana a me ke ʻano
ʻO ka maʻamau, mālama ʻia ka lāʻau crossian i ka ʻaoʻao lalo a piʻi paha i loko o nā pohō o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. I ke ana o ke kauwela nui o nā mea hihiu, kū pinepine kahi iʻa lepa gluttonous i nā ʻōpū wai kiʻekiʻe.
I ko lākou ala ola, ʻo kā crossian carp kekahi i ke kāʻei kula iʻa, akā hiki i nā pākeke nui ke mālama i kēlā me kēia.
I nā ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole like nā hōʻailona o ka hana i kēlā me kēia lā. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa ka hana kiʻekiʻe i ke ahiahi a me ke kakahiaka nui, akā i kekahi mau loko a me nā loko wai, ʻoki wale ke kolo a me ke aniani i ka pō, ma muli o ka iʻa o ka iʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hana a Cassius gibellio e alakaʻi ʻia i nā kūlana o ka wā a me nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike.
He hoihoi! ʻO ka ʻele kupīpa kala he mea iʻa maʻamau, akā ikaika loa, me ke ʻano nui o ka ʻoluʻolu, akā i ka wā hala, hiki i nā pākeke ke waiho i nā wai wai i nā waʻa a i ʻole hoʻāiʻi nui i nā wai.
Ma nā wai o ka wai ʻauwai a me kahi kō wai piha piha ʻana me ka kaila maikaʻi, ua hiki ke mālama i ka hana ma ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. I ka wai kūloi me ka nui o ka hopena o ka pololi oxygen, ua kū pinepine ka lāʻau crossian i ka wā lōʻihi o ka ʻahaʻaina lōʻihi. ʻO nā mea i koi i ka iʻa e hōʻemi i kā lākou hana kūlohelohe e pili ana i ka "pua" puaʻa i ka wai i lawe ʻia e ka nui o ka phytoplankton.
ʻĀnō ke ola
E hōʻike ana ka ʻike maka lōʻihi, ʻo ka maʻamau o ke ola ʻana o ka mea ola gula ma kahi o ʻeiwa mau makahiki, akā he mau makua nō hoʻi a me nā mea nui, nona ka makahiki he ʻumikumamālua makahiki, he maʻamau nō hoʻi.
ʻO Habitat, noho
Loaʻa ka mau kalepa kālā ma nā kīʻaha o nā muliwai e like me ka Danube a me ka Dnieper, ka Prut a me ka Volga, aʻo ia hoʻi ma ka lalo haʻahaʻa o ka Amu Darya a me Syr Darya. ʻO nā ʻōhumu o nā iʻa wai ʻia i loko o ka wai o nā loko wai o nā kahawai wai o nā kahawai Siberia a me ka pāpū ʻo Amur, i loko o nā wai wai o Primorye, me nā pahu wai ma Korea a me Kina. Ua hoʻihoʻi ikaika ʻia ka wahi o ka hoʻoili maoli ʻana o ke kalela holo keleawe, akā, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēlā ʻano iʻa me nā ʻano wai, nā ʻano wai āpau a me nā loko āpau, no laila e hoʻopili pololei ʻia me ka iʻa.
I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻopuʻi ikaika ʻia ka ʻenehana crucian i loko o nā hale hou no kēia ʻano, a ua hiki nō hoʻi ke hōʻole i ka iʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka ahonui ʻano maikaʻi loa a me ka hiki ke ola i loko o nā wai me ka haʻahaʻa o ka oxygen. I nā malo maloʻo, me ka malo o ka wai maoli o ka wai ʻauʻau, nā ʻōpala crossian i komo i loko o ka papahū, hohonu hohonu ʻana i nā keneta he kanahiku, kahi lākou e "kali" ai i ka manawa maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ka pīhoihoi ka mea i hiki i nā lālā o kēia ʻano ke noho paʻa i ka wā hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ma ka kino wai i hoʻoilo ʻia i lalo. Hiki i nā crucians hopu ke noho i loko o nā hue wai a i ʻole ʻeke ʻeke i piha i ka lau wai piha i nā lā ʻekolu no nā lā ʻekolu. Eia naʻe, make ka make koke o ka iʻa ma muli o ka supersaturation o ka wai me ka hydrogen sulfide, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻopiʻi nui i nā mea ola.
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka koloni ʻana o nā puna wai hou me ka crucian kala, he mea maʻamau ʻole ia, a e like me nā ʻōnaehana, hiki i kēia ʻano ke hoʻokūkū me ka wīwī ʻole. Ua ʻōlelo mai kekahi poʻe mahiʻai iʻa i nā ʻeke kālā kālā i loko o nā hale waiwai o ko mākou ʻāina e hoʻopiha nui ana i nā mea pili i ko lākou mau pili aloha. Eia nō naʻe, makemake ka ʻeleʻele me ka puna wai i hoʻōla ʻia me ka wai kūwaho a me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ma nā muliwai, ua loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole o kēlā mau iʻa a hoʻāʻo e noho i nā wahi me ka papa lō.. ^ E Ha yM. Ma nā wai o nā loko e kahe ana a me nā loko, he keʻa nā crossian o kēia ʻano.
ʻĀpana ʻaina kala kala
Ke hōʻike ʻia nei nā kīʻaha kumu nui o ke kāla keleawe uha ʻole ʻonikani:
- pōwailā aquatic,
- kokoke wai wai,
- pepeke
- nā ʻano āpau āpau
- nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe
- detritus.
I ka papaʻai o ke aniani, hāʻawi nui ʻia ka mea nui i ka meaʻai o ka mea kanu, a me ka holoholona planktonic, crustacean. Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa anuanu, makemake ʻia nā meaʻai holoholona.
ʻO nā kahua o ka pākolo i loko o ka loko a me nā wai wai ke komo i nā wahi ʻilihune a me kahi papa kokoke i ke kahakai, a waiwai hoʻi i nā mākeke o nā lāʻau semi-aquatic. Aia ia i loko o kahi mau wahi e kolohe ai, a me nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe i kā ke kumu o nā mea kanu. Ke kīloi nei i ke kahakai, hiki i ka iʻa ke ʻano o ke kani smacking. I ka wai o ka muliwai, paʻa ke kālai kālā keleawe i nā kahe e loaʻa ana kahi papa haʻahaʻa a ʻano haʻahaʻa paha. ʻO nā ʻano lau o nā mea kanu ma lalo o nā wai a me nā waha o nā mea hānai, nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole e lūlū ʻia ma luna o ka wai he mea hoihoi nō hoʻi no nā kea.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā ʻano morphological o ka pilima o ke kalepa kālā e ola ana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki i ke kaha ke hoʻokū i ka kiʻekiʻe o ka loli ʻano morphological i ʻike ʻia i kēia ʻano. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, i loko o nā hale kō, he nui ka lehulehu o nā ʻāpana holo kala kālā, a me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻopuni ʻia e nā “ʻenemi kūlohelohe mau loa”, ʻo ia kekahi o ka rotan.
He hoihoi! E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻoiai ka nui o nā ʻōpio crucians i ka nui o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, ʻoi aku ka iʻa i kahi ʻano i mua loa o ke ola.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole e like me ke gula, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i ka peʻa kālā keleawe e ka rotan, no ka nui o nā hana nui.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
I nā kūlana e lawa nui ai ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōpala kūloko a me ka ichthyology, ua pili pono ka noi ʻana o nā kai kūʻala i nā kū a me nā iʻa e noho nei i nā wahi nui o ko mākou ʻāina. Wahi a nā mea nānā, i nā makahiki he kanalima i hala iho nei ke ʻano nui o nā ʻano ʻo Redfin i ka nui o nā waihona wai me nā ʻano wai ʻē aʻe āpau, no laila ua ākea ka laulā o kēia iʻa.
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka lawe ikaika ʻana e manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka pālahalaha ʻana o ka puka Amur, hoʻopili ʻia me nā iʻa a me kekahi mau cyprinids. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka crucian carp he lapalapa nui o ka ecological, no laila, mālama ʻia ka nui o nā mea kūlohelohe a ʻoiai e noho ana i nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole, ʻaʻohe makemake maikaʻi ʻia no ka iʻa. ʻO ke kūlana o nā ʻano kālā pilalē kālā: he iʻa ka ʻona no ka lawaiʻa wale ʻana, akā ke ʻano he lawaiʻa a me nā lawaiʻa hāmeʻa.
ʻO ka waiwai lawaiʻa
Nui loa nā ʻelele o nā cyprinids, e komo pū me ke iʻa iʻa. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano i loko o ka wai i ka moku o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, i loko o nā loko o Thailand, Western Europe a me India.
ʻO ka loli koke aku nei, ua lawe maikaʻi loa ka kālai crucian i lilo i wahi iʻa kaulana i ko mākou ʻāina, i nā loko o Kamchatka. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻāla ʻia ka pēpē crucian i loko o nā māla lāʻau a i ʻole mahiʻai. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua lilo ke ʻano o nā iʻa o ke gula i kumu no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o ka iʻa meʻa keʻa a me nā mea hiala ʻē aʻe i Kina.
ʻO ka hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā
I nā kaola ʻē aʻe i like ʻole nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā o ka crucian carp i ka like ʻole.ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine ka hana ma ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, akā ma kekahi mau loko a me nā loko e hiki ke ʻai wale i ka pō. Kūpono maoli nō kēia no kēlā mau hale noho wai kahi i kū ai ʻo crucian carp i ka noho ʻana i ka iʻa mua.
I waena o nā mea āpau, ua pilikia ke kūlana o nā lā i nā kūlana ʻina. No ka laʻana - i ke kauwela wela, hiki ke ʻai wale i ka wī no ke kakahiaka - i ka manawa i ka ua i ka nui o ka wai i loko o ka wai i ka liʻiliʻi, a i ka ua me ke anuanu a me ka ea - i ka lā nui.
ʻO ka hana maʻamau i nā kaʻa crossian i hilinaʻi i nā kūlana ma ka waihona kālā. I loko o nā loko wai a me nā wai kōoʻa me nā kūlana oxygen maikaʻi, hiki i ka mea kole crucian i ka hoʻoikaika makahiki. I loko o nā loko kaheʻe, kahi paha o ka pōloli o ka oxygen i ka hoʻoilo, ke hāʻule paha ka crossian carp i ka hibernation. Hiki iā ia ke hānau i ka wa waena o ke kauwela - inā ke kino hoʻoluʻu ʻia ke kino o kahi wai e noho ai. Hiki i ka maʻi carp maʻi i hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka phytoplankton hiki i nā mea keʻa crucian e hōʻemi i ka hana. Ma nā kahawai, hana pinepine ka lāʻau crossian i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa.
Mea ʻai
- Pūkuhi: mea nui.
- Nā Kuhi: aquatic a kokoke-wai invertebrates, nā pepeke a me kā lākou pili, algae, nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, detritus. ʻAʻole e like me ka loko gula, nā mea kanu mea kanu a me nā mea kanu planktonic i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mālama kālā.
- Nā Hila Uila: makemake makemake i ka meaʻai holoholona i ka manawa anu, a me ka hoʻi i ka wā o ke koena.
- Nā wahi noho: loko o nā loko a me nā loko, he mau ʻāpana palupalu o ka lalo, a i ʻole nā wahi kokoke i ke kapakai me nā mākeleka o nā lau semi-aquatic, kahi i kau ai nā kālai pipi crucian i kahi detritus a me nā invertebrates mai nā kumu. I ka ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa i kēlā mau wahi, e hāʻawi mau ʻia ana i mua o kona mau mele me nā kani smacking ʻano. Ma nā muliwai, holo ke kālai crucian i ka maʻalahi me ka hoʻolōʻihi i nā kahawai. Kāwīwī ʻia o nā mea kanu kai ma lalo, a me nā waha o nā mea homaʻi a me nā lāʻau lāʻau e waiho ana ma lalo o ka wai - e mahalo ʻia kēia a pau o ke kalaiwa hoʻi.
Spawning
- Puberty makahiki: 2-4 makahiki.
- Pono i kahi wai o ka wai: 13-15 ° C.
- Nā pale kīnā: ua māhuahua nā ʻāpana o lalo me nā mea kanu.
- ʻ Splelo Puhi ua hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia, akā ma kekahi mau hale kapuahi kahi i kāhea ʻia, hiki ke holoi ʻia nā caviar i hoʻokahi papa.
- Nā hiʻohiʻona: hiki i nā gmogenesis piliona kālā - kālā me ka ʻole o ke komo ʻana i nā kāne o kā lākou iho. ʻO ka ʻano o kēia ala ke hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia ka caviar kālā me ka waiū o nā cyprinids ʻē aʻe (carp, carp, tench, goldfish). I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki mai ka hoʻomohala piha ʻana - ka caviar ke hoʻoikaika wale nei i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a ʻo nā hua āpau a me nā pōpoki i hoʻoili aku mai ia mau kope kope o ka wahine i waiho i nā hua. Ma muli o kēia, i loko o kekahi mau kaila, e noho piha ana ka nui o ka wahine o ke kaʻa holo ʻana.
- Nā manawa (no nā Urals Waihona): ka hapalua o Mei - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune.
ʻOkaʻikepili
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mākeke kālā ma Kina a lilo i kumu hoʻokumu o ka lehulehu o nā ʻano iʻa o kēia wā. Ma ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā hōʻike ku pono, ʻo ka hana mua o ka hua mua ma ke ala i lawe ʻia i ka mahina mua o ka makahiki 13.
Kiʻi 2. Ka hana hoʻonaninani o ke kala keleawe kālā.
Ua kiʻi ke kiʻi ma luna aʻe o ke ʻano o kahi iʻa gula, i waho o ka mea i like me kona kūpuna. I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia i kahi kāpena aihue ʻole paha. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano i nā mea kanu wale nō, akā ua hoʻolauna ʻia i loko o nā hale kanu kumu o waho, kahi e ola maikaʻi ai - hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i kona kūlohelohe kūlohelohe a me ka unpretentiousness.
Pahu 3. ʻO nā loko hoʻonaʻauao me nā kālai kiʻi cross cross a me nā kālai koi.
Pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kahi ʻiʻo i ke kāleʻa
Hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke kālā keleawe ma ke gula ma mua o ke ʻano o ka hope dorsal - ma ka mua he kiʻi maʻalahi ia, ma ka lua he convex. ʻO nā kīʻaha ʻē aʻe i ke kaleka crossian ʻōpala he mau liʻiliʻi loa ia o ka puni a i ke gula.
Kiʻi ʻO 4. Dorsal hope o kahi kalai kūlohelohe.
Photo 5. Kāleʻa ʻo Dorsal.
ʻO kahi hōʻailona e like me ke ʻano o ka muzzle. Ma ke kāla gula crossian he puni ia, i loko o ke crucian kālā he mea liʻiliʻi ia.
Kiʻi 6. Kiwa - kālai pipi, kūpono - gula.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā iʻa ma ka helu o nā unahi i ka laina hope. I loko o ke kaleka keleawe kālā, he nui ka nui o nā paʻu ma mua o ke gula, no laila ua waiho ʻia kahi nui o nā paona ma ka ʻaoʻao - mai 27 a 31. Ma ke gula, ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou - mai 32 a 35.
ʻO ka hoʻonui, akā ʻaʻole ka hiʻohiʻona nui, nā ʻokoʻa i ka kala o nā ʻano ʻelua. ʻO ke keʻa keleawe kālā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he ʻano hiʻohiʻona ka hina hina-kala me ka paona keleawe māmā. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ke gula ma nā leo gula i haʻi ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ma waena o nā mea hoʻonaninani kālā, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau kānaka me ka hue melemele-gula i kekahi manawa, no laila ʻaʻole ia e koi ʻia e hoʻohana i kēia kuʻuna i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka iʻa.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ke kālā ʻōpio a me ke gula ʻoi kahi wahi uliuli ma ke kumu o ka huelo o ka lā.
Kuhi 7. kahi wahi pōʻele ma ke kumu o ka huelo o kahi iʻa kālā gula.
I ke kālai kālā keleawe kālā, ʻaʻohe hewa kēia hiʻohiʻona i nā manawa āpau o ka hoʻolālā.
Hāpau, dushman, mestizo
He mau inoa āpau kēia mau inoa no ke kalepa kaʻa keleawe. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe ʻano o nā kuʻuna a me nā ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano. ʻĀ, i ʻokoʻa no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i Kina mai kēia ʻano o ka iʻa aquarium. ʻAe, ua kūpono maoli nā iʻa gula i hana kūmole ʻia mai ke kala kā Amur crucian carp.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka manaʻo o ka carian crucian he ʻano palaka, no ka mea i hele pū ʻia me ke kalaka, a he mea like paha. Akā ʻaʻole naʻe i pau. ʻO Hybrid, mestizo, dushman - inoa inoa kaulana loa, e pili ana i ka wahi.
Ma Astrakhan, me kekahi mau Muscovites (ʻoi aku ma hope o nā huakaʻi ʻoihana ʻo Astrakhan) ka kuhihewa ʻana i kēia iʻa ʻo Buffalo. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻāpana ʻokoʻa loa kēlā me ka iʻa. Kūlike ka ʻano o ke kino o ke kea ma muli o nā kūlana ola. I nā muliwai, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā mākaʻi. I nā loko - nā mālamalama, ʻōwili. Kāleka hoʻi i ka kala mai ke gula kālā a ʻeleʻele. Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka ulaula e like me ke gula, ʻaʻole i hiki i Dushman-hybrid-crucian.
ʻO kēia ʻano kuʻuna wale no ka ʻike ʻole i nā ʻano o nā ʻano o kēia hoʻopono a me nā lono. ʻĀina kala hua kālā - nā gynogenesis . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka maʻalahi, nā kāne o kēia kāla crucian he mau manawa liʻiliʻi i ka helu ma mua o nā wahine. Ma ka manawa like, lele ka makuahine o ke kaʻa lāʻau me nā iʻa o nā cyprinids - bream, carp, roach.
Maikaʻi Hoʻokomo ʻia ka caviar carapace me ka waiū o nā cyprinids ʻē aʻe. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole kū ka whakawhiti i nā mea like - Hoʻolilo pono ʻia ka caviar me ia wale nō, a ʻo ka spermatozoa o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e lawelawe wale i ka heʻa nane. Ma ke hopena, ua hānau ʻia nā kumulāʻau kala melemele maʻamau, a ʻo ia hoʻi nā wahine.
ʻAʻole nā lua o ke kalapu a me nā mea kuke crucian, a me nā mea like, e like me kahi hanana ʻano lahilahi. Inā maʻamau mau kēlā mau palolima maoli (crossian carp, roach, crucian carp), a laila i loko o nā wahi liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole lākou e pili i ka wai loko o ka lehulehu, i ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana. ʻO ka hapanui holoʻokoʻa (dushman, mestizo, poʻokela Astrakhan), koe wale nō ka poʻokela maoli ʻAmelika-Chukuchans, he hoʻokahi wale a me nā lāʻau crucian i ka laulā, ʻaʻole i ka like wale i ka helehelena, akā i loko o ka ʻohana iʻa - ke kalepa kalaika kālā maʻamau. Mahele ka ʻula a me ke ʻano like ʻole i nā kūlana o ka waihona wai a me nā hybridizations pono maoli a me nā cyprinids ʻē aʻe (kahi e hiki ke alo ʻole, no ka mea e kū ana i waena o nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole, akā ʻaʻole mākou e kāhea i nā iʻa a pau ma ka honua nā pilima.
Kukana
I kekahi manawa ma kekahi mau wikiō a me nā ʻatikala kala, ua hewa hewa ke poʻi, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, me ka hōʻike ʻana he like like kēia me ka dushman a me ka hybrid.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka ʻalo maoli kahi iʻa ʻokoʻa loa, ma ka ʻohana. Loaʻa - kekahi mau ʻano o ka iʻa ʻAmelika ʻAmelika o ka ʻohana Chukuchanov. I nā makahiki 70 ma USSR ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻohālikelike i kahi puaʻa liʻiliʻi ( Iula bubulaʻo Ictiobus ) me ke ʻano pōʻalo ʻeleʻele ( Ictiobus niger ).
Mai ka makahiki 1971, hoʻāla ʻia kēia iʻa ma Goryachy Klyuch iʻa, a laila hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā loko i loko o nā loko, a me nā kaila Kuibyshev a me Saratov. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā ho'āʻo hoʻohālikelike ma Belarus a me Ukraine. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i lawe pū ka poʻokela me mākou - a nalowale loa. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hānau ʻana.
Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi hiki ʻole ke hopu i kēia iʻa mai iā mākou a hiki i kēia lā, ma ka hema. ʻAʻohe huakaʻi o kēia mea hoʻokipa ma waho ʻē aku i ke kalaka crucian. Eia nō naʻe, i nā wikiō he nui o ka YouTube, ua paʻakiki kekahi mau loea i "loiloi" kālai ʻia ke kālā maʻamau. ʻO ka mea maoli, he ʻalo maoli, ka mea i kahe nui ʻia i loko o kā mākou mau wahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kēlā mau palaka ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ʻohana ʻokiʻoki, akā he Chukuchan.