Kāleka: Citellus erythrogenys Brandt, 1841 = ʻO Gopher ka leo ʻulaʻula

Gopher ʻulaʻula = Citellus (= Spermophilus) erythrogenys

He ʻelena kupaianaha koʻikoʻi o nā squirrels terrestrial (ke lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 28 cm, hiku - a hiki i 6,5 cm). Loaʻa iā ia kona inoa ma muli o ka hele ʻana o nā wahi ʻulaʻula nui ma lalo o nā maka. ʻO kahi nornik hoʻoilo, kahi mea i hana i nā wahi grassy. Noho ia i ka honu lae i ka pali manuahiwi mai Irtysh a Kuzbass, ma ka akau ke komo i loko o ka mauʻu ʻanuʻu a me ke ʻano ala ala-ala alaiki, ma ka hikina - ma nā ʻanuʻu o Altai a me Kuznetsk Alatau. Noho ia ma nā kolana, akā he holoholona kaʻawale a me kona ʻoi ʻāina ponoʻī. Nā mākeke o kahi hale gopher maʻamau, me nā kaha kiko a me ke aniani, a hiki i ka 3.5 m hohonu ka nui i ke ao. Mālama ʻo ia i nā cereals, mea kanu, i kekahi manawa nā pepeke. Ke ʻike nei i ka pōʻino, lilo ia i kolamu ma ka lua a hāʻawi i kahi leo nui (ma ka hapanui o nā ʻano - he koholā kuhi). ʻO Gophers, aia i kēlā manawa ma kahi mamao o ka hale kia, e holo mua i kā lākou mau puʻu, a kū mai ana mai laila. ʻAʻole hiki i kahi ala wahi hiamoe e ala koke a pale ʻole ʻia i nā ʻenemi e komo ana i kāna lua ma loko o ka uaki ʻāina. I kēia hihia, lilo ka holoholona i "ʻai kīpī" no kahi holoholona ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ua ʻā ʻia ʻo ia i ka maʻi a a ma kekahi mau wahi nō kāna mea lawe nui i loko o ke ʻano. Ua hōʻino ʻia i nā mea kanu.

Hale Hōʻikeʻike Siberian Zoological (http://www.zooclub.ru/mouse/belich/25.shtml)

ʻO Gopher ʻulaʻula: Gopher o ke kāʻei ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka loa kino 235-260 mm, ʻehā 41-59 mm. ʻO ke kala o ke kua mai ke brownish-ocher a hina-ocher, me nā ʻāpana maikaʻi a i ʻole kumu. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ke poʻo i ka like like me ke kua. ʻĀkala nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāpana. Ma luna o ka maka a ma lalo o laila he mau ʻāpana ākea ākea ʻelua-ʻulaʻula. Kuhi me ke kāwele palupalu palupalu a i ʻole ia me ka pau ʻole.

Kahi ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Western Siberia, ma Kazakhstan.

Noho ka poʻe noho o nā anuu me nā wao nahele, ma ka ʻākau e hiki mai i ka ʻanuʻu-ʻanuʻu, ma ka hema - a i loko i ka uka. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine ka noho ʻana ma nā wahi hānai, nā alanuihele, nā wahi wahine ma kahi kokoke i nā mea kanu a hiki i nā ʻāina paʻakai. Maʻeke loa ka ʻāina pae ʻāina.

ʻO ka meaʻai ka mea nui i ka cereals steppe, nā pua, nā lau, nā aʻa.

He maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o nā pūhaka liʻiliʻi, akā i ka hohonu (a hiki i 350 cm). i ka lei ʻaina ka lau o nā lau maloʻo. Ala mai ka ʻā ʻana ma ka lā Malaki a ʻApelila. Ma hope koke o kēia, hoʻomaka ka wā koho. Hoʻolālā nā brood i ʻehiku a i ʻole ʻeiwa. ʻO nā honu i ka ʻAukake - ka hapa mua o Sepatemaba.

ʻO Gopher-ʻulaʻula (Spermophilus erythrogenys)- He kanaka noho o nā anuʻo kihi a me nā wahi neoneo o ka hikina hikina o Kazakhstan, ka ʻaoʻao hema o Siberia komohana, ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe loa o Kina. ʻOiai kokoke loa ia i kahi ʻulaʻulaʻula, i ke kiko o ko lākou mau awelika o nā hui māka i ʻike ʻia. ʻAe ka holoholona i kona inoa i hōʻailona ʻia i nā wahi ʻulaʻula i nā pāpālina: no nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, noho ia he kūlana waena ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi i ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula.

Hoʻohālikelike kēia gopher me ke kaomi ʻulaʻula aloha. Ma ke kaona o ka awāwa, e noho ana i ka pali mahele hii, a ma ka ʻākau, kahi i ulu ʻia ai ke anuanu, e noho ana i nā kahe, nā ala holoholona, ​​ma nā alanui e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ai nā mea kanu. Noho ka uha mau ʻōhua ma lalo o ka 2 mau mika, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ka neʻe i ka 4-5 mika. I nā wahi i anuʻu, nā hone mākeke ʻulaʻula wale no ka hoʻoilo, a ma ke kūkulu hema kekahi ʻano mea kauwela kauwela, i kekahi mau makahiki maloʻo, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā holoholona mai nā lua i ka ʻāiwa. No laila, ʻo ka hana o ke ola i nā makahiki ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 3 mau mahina o ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela mua, ua lawa wale ia no ka hoʻohuli a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka momona no ka lā hānau. ʻO kēia gopher, ma ka pā me kahi liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia kekahi o nā pōpilikia koʻikoʻi o ka pā lāʻau a me ka hua ʻai. ʻO kahi mea mālama kūlohelohe o ka encephalitis kūmole, toxoplasmosis a me ka tularemia, a ma waho o ka maʻi - ka maʻi ʻeha.

Nā hōʻailona kūmole o kahi mea ʻoniʻoni ʻulaʻula

He pīkā māiʻu ʻōhumu ʻulaʻula a me kahi ʻāpana ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka loa kino 23.5-26.0 cm, ʻehā 4.1-5.9 cm.

Hoʻoulu ʻia nā kala i loko o ka papa o ka piko o ke kihi ʻulaʻula, me kahi poʻomanaʻo ,ʻeleʻele, kaʻulaʻula. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ʻē ke poʻo ma luna ma mua o ke kala o ke kua a me ke kua. Ma ka ihu, nā puka leo ocher-rusty e kū like. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻekekeke a me nā maka i kēlā me kēia kala. ʻO nā kala ʻulaʻula ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino a ma nā ʻaoʻao kahi i ulu maikaʻi ʻole a ulu ʻole paha.

ʻO ka palenaʻeleʻele o ka huelo e nawaliwali a me ka huelo ma luna nei he monochromatic māmā. Hōʻalo ʻia ka hakahaka manu dimorphism ma mua o kahi gopher nui.

ʻO ka pālahalaha o nā gophers ʻulaʻulaʻula

ʻIke ʻia ka mea ʻalaʻulaʻulaʻula ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Siberia Komohana mai Irtysh a hiki i ka muliwai o Tom, i ka ʻaoʻao o Altai a me Kuznetsk Alatau. Ma ke ʻākau, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 55 ° ʻākau kahiki. Ma ka hema e hōʻea ana i ka ʻāina ʻo Karaganda ma East Kazakhstan, e hoʻopio ana i nā Kahua Kaʻāina.

Redir-grounded squirrel ground (Spermophilus erythrogenys).

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wahi kaʻawale ma Bedpak-Dala a me ka Dzungarian Ala-Tau ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1500-2100 mika ma luna o ke kai. Loaʻa hoʻi ka poʻe ʻulaʻulaʻula i Mongolia (ma waena o Altai a me Hangai) a ma Xinjiang.

ʻO Habitats ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula

Noho ka gopher ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka ʻaoʻao o ka hulu manu i nā ʻāpana huluhulu a me nā wahi semi-efitra. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, komo ʻo ia i ke alahele forb a me nā māla nahele-stepa Altai birch-aspen. Ma ke kūkulu hema aia ia i waena o nā kaile ʻulea lavaree, piʻi i loko i ke kuahiwi kuahiwi a i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2100 mika.

ʻ diglelo ke kahawai ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke one, ʻaʻole e pale i nā lepo paʻakai a me nā ʻala maʻa.

Nā noho ma nā ʻāina wahine, nā māla wai, nā alanuihele, nā mea kanu kokoke. Maʻeke loa ka ʻāina pae ʻāina.

ʻIke ʻia nā kūmū ʻulaʻula ma ka hema o ke Komohana o Siberia - i nā kahe lau semi-deses a me nā ʻōpala huluhulu maloʻo.

Nā ola Gophers i ke ʻano

ʻAʻole e like me nā puʻukū, nā mea noho o ka nahele ulu puulā, ʻuʻuku, nimble, like me ka kala i nā ʻāina lepo. Loaʻa ʻia kekahi o nā lāʻau nahele nāwaliwali, ma nā mauna heʻole, ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kula. Makemake lākou i nā wahi ākea a maloʻo me ka mauʻu sparse, kahi mea maʻalahi i nā holoholona mālama e ʻike i ka pōʻino i ka manawa. Pale aku i nā ululāʻau, nā wahi i uhi ʻia i nā lāʻau nāu a me nā nāhelehele, a me nā pāpū. No ko lākou mau home ke hoʻāʻo nei e koho i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe.

ʻIke ʻia ka gopher no kāna ʻano e kū ai i kahi kolamu; he hana ʻano ʻehā kēia hana ia. ʻO ke kiʻi he gopher e nānā pono ana i nā wahi.

Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Gophers i kahi ʻano semi-lalo o ke kahua a, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōʻino, e hūnā i nā lua, e like me nā kiʻi mole maoli hānau, ʻeli lākou iā lākou iho. I kekahi manawa ke hiki aku ka hohonu o ka lua i ʻekolu mau mika, a ʻo ka lōʻihi he 15 mika! ʻO ka pinepine ke loaʻa nā lālā he nui i loko o ka lua. I ka pau ʻana o ko lākou home, e hoʻopiha i nā holoholona iā lākou iho me kahi kahi e hoʻomaha ai ka lau a me ka mauʻu maloʻo.

Noho nā holoholona ola kū hoʻokahi a i nā kolone paha. Holo kēlā me kēia pākiki i kona pūnāwai ponoʻī iho a me kāna ʻāina liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.

I ka Heihei, hoʻopau kā gopher i ka pō a hoʻomaha i nā hola he nui i ka lā. I ke kakahiaka, haʻalele ka holoholona i ka lua inā puka wale ka hau. Ma ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā i ke kō i ka lua no ka pō.

Nora lawelawe i ka gopher a me ka puʻuhonua mai nā ʻenemi, kahi e ulu ai ka rodent: nā ʻōpio, nā ʻeto, nā ʻalā, nā lynx, raccoons, coyotes, wolves, fox, badger. Eia nō naʻe, ka nui o nā wahi i lalo, a makaʻala maoli a me ka dexterity, e ʻae pinepine iā ʻoe e haʻalele i ka poʻe e alualu iā ʻoe me ka ihu. Akā ʻo ke polikina kūloko a me ka hoʻokūkū e hōʻike ana i kahi pōʻino nui i ka holoholona, ​​kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ko lākou kino lōʻihi a olakino, hiki iā lākou ke hele pololei i ka lua o ka rodent

ʻIke maopopo kēlā me kēia kīlaha i kona lua i kekahi manawa, akā i kekahi manawa, pakele mai ka ʻenemi, ʻāeʻa ka rodent e hūnā ma kahi lua. Ma kēia hihia, ʻike ikaika ka mea nona ka home: no ka mea mua ʻo ia i kuʻi i ka malihini i ʻike ʻole ʻia me kona mau wāwae i mua o ke alo, me he mea lā e hāʻawi ana i kahi pīpīpī ke alo, a laila hoʻomaka ka hoʻonāukiuki i ka malihini a laila hana iā ia e reta. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pinepine kēlā mau hālāwai.

E like me nā mea nui e like me ka helehelena a me ke ala o ke ola, ʻo nā mea āpau, a ma waena o ka mea i kaulana loa ʻia ka marmots - ka poʻe nui a me nā ʻōpio o nā alapiʻi. ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā mālama o nā momona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ka hāʻule ʻana. I ka wā hānau, e lohi ana ke kaʻina o ke ola: e kani mau ana ka naʻau, e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa, a emi ke ʻano o ke kino. ʻO ka hele wale ʻana nō o ka wela i ka pūnāwai e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka ʻāina kuikahi i ke ola a ʻai hoʻi.

Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ia ka hiamoe o ka gopher i ka wā hānau. Hiki ke lawe ʻia aku ka holoholona mai waho o ka lua, e hoʻolōʻihi me kou makemake, ʻaʻole ia e ala. Ma ka manawa like, ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻAmelika i ka hānai ʻana o ka holoholona me kahi haʻahaʻa nui loa i ke ea wela (i ka -26 ° C).

Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke ʻeha i ke kauwela. Loaʻa paha kēia ma muli o nā kūlana māla i ka pūnāwai, kahi i hoʻēmi i ka hoʻomaka koke ʻana o nā mea kanu, a ma muli o nā holoholona, ​​ʻaʻole loa i hānai pono ʻia nā holoholona.

Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, pilikia pinepine ka poʻe gopher no nā makahiki ʻekolu a ʻehā.

ʻAno hānau

Hoʻokumu i nā kūlana hoʻohua a me nā ʻanoʻano, ala nā gophers mai ka ʻūhā ʻana i Pepeluali, Malaki a ʻApelila. Ma hope o ka hiamoe lōʻihi o ka hoʻoilo, pau ka momona o nā holoholona, ​​nā nāwaliwali, akā naʻe, ke manaʻo koke nei no ka noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hānau huaʻi - hoʻomaka lākou i kahi lāhui. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻoe i ke alualu ʻana o nā kāne i ka wahine a hakakā me nā ʻenemi. ʻO ka ʻōpū i loko o ka wahine mau i hoʻokahi mahina, ma ka litter i ka 2 i ka 12 mau cubs (maʻa mau ʻo 6-8). Hānau ʻia nā pēpē a hūnā a ʻōpiopio a hānai i ka waiū hānai no nā mahina 1.5-2, a ua mākaukau lākou no ke ola kūʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano o ʻekolu mau mahina.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hanana o ka gopher ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula

Noho ka mea ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula i nā koloni, akā loaʻa kēlā me kēia holoholona i kahi kaʻawale a me kahi kikowaena kūʻokoʻa. He maʻalahi nā ʻōpū o Rodent: me nā neʻe a i ke aniani ākea, akā kahi hohonu - 3.50 m nā kaila o nā lepo (nā mana o ka lepo) ma nā inlet e ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hoʻopili ke kāpena ʻulaʻula i kahi pūnana mai nā lau maloʻo. Ke ʻike nei i ka pōʻino, manuahi ka holoholona i ka kolamu ma ka lua a hoʻokomo i kahi lele koʻikoʻi - kahi alakaʻi nui. ʻO nā Gophers, aia ia manawa ma kahi mamao o kā lākou puʻuwai, holo mua lākou i kā lākou mau pā hale, a ma laila lākou e hōʻailona ai i kahi pōʻino.

Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, lilo nā holoholona i ka lohi a ʻaʻole hiki ke ala koke. I kēia kūlana, pale hewa ʻole lākou i nā ʻenemi i komo i loko o nā aniani ma kahi huakaʻi earthen.

Ma kēia hihia, lilo ka gopher i hoʻoilo ʻia kahi mea hoʻomau maikaʻi.

ʻO ke ʻano o nā loli ka manawa maʻamau i loko o ke ola ʻo ke kīwī ʻulaʻula ʻokoʻa. I loko o ka wao nahele, hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i nā lā he 15-20, e pili ana i nā kūlana climatic o ka makahiki. I ke kauwela wela, hāʻule ka gopher red-chee i loko o kahi keʻokeʻo o ke kauwela, e huli ana i ka moena hoʻoilo. Hoʻohikahi ʻo Rodents i ka hopena o ʻAukake - ka hapa mua o Sepatemaba.

ʻO ka mea ʻenemi ka mea i ʻulaʻula ʻia ka hana i ke ao.

Keʻena ʻulaʻula a me ke kupapaʻu Gopher

ʻO ka mākau ʻai o ka pahu ʻaina ʻāina ʻulaʻula i hana ʻia i ka cereal steppe, nā pua, nā lau, nā huaʻala a me nā huaʻala. ʻAʻole nui ka māhele o ka hānai holoholona.

Noho nā gophers ʻulaʻulaʻula i nā koloni.

ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka mea ʻoniʻula ʻulaʻula.

1) Spermophilus erythrogenys erythrogenys Brandt - kahi pāpale nui ʻulaʻula ulaula, lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻili a me ke kaʻe o ka ʻili. Noho ia mai ka Irtysh a hiki i ka palena hikina o ka wahi.
2) C. e. Intermedlus Brandt - ka mea anuanu a me ka yellower, ke kumu hoʻohālike ʻole i haʻi ʻia. Noho nā wahi kiʻekiʻe ʻo ka Kazakh.
3) C. e. Brevicauda Brandt - kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻulaʻula a me ka pōkole. Noho ia ma ka Hikina Hikina Hikina, Semipalatinsk a me Taldy-Kurgan o Kazakhstan.
4) C. e. Iliensis Bcljaev - he māmā ka waihoʻoluʻu, ʻeleʻele-pāpale, ʻike ʻia i kekahi mau wahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka muliwai. A i ole. Aia nā pilina hope loa e pili ana i ka Chinese S. e. Carruthersi Thomas.

ʻO ke ʻano waiwai o ka gopher red-pipi

Hoʻopilikia nā gopher ʻulaʻulaʻula. Koi liʻiliʻi ka lawaiʻa. ʻO kahi mea lawe i nā maʻi weliweli: nā maʻi, tularemia, a ma kekahi mau wahi ʻo ia ka mea nui i alakaʻi ma ke ʻano.

ʻO Gopher ka mea kanu i nā hua o ka palaoa, nā māla kūla a me nā piula.

Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā gophers ʻulaʻula. No kahi rodent, wae ʻia kahi pā hale liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i kahi kāne i loko o kahi paʻa me ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi he 1x1 m. Ua hoʻonoho ʻia nā hale i loko: nā hale, nā pahu, nā ʻāpana o ka paipa, a me ka lipi o nā lāʻau no ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana i ka ʻokiʻoki, nā ʻāpana kīwī me ka wai hou. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōpala a me nā lau like i litter.

Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ua uhi ʻia nā ʻāpana me kahi papa mānoanoa o nā lako like. I ka wā hānau, loaʻa nā gophers i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻO ka meaʻai: kahi hui o nā ʻuʻā a me ke kihui i nā kūlala hua ʻai, nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu lāʻau rhizomes, nā lālā uliuli o nā ʻano lāʻau palupalu.

ʻAno ka ʻona i nā ʻona, nā ʻūhā, nā mea kanu o ka huaʻai.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ka hānai granola, kāloti, berena, nā beets, nā wīwī palaoa, hamarus, nā mea kanuʻai i ka meaʻai.

ʻO ka mea nui o nā gophers ʻulaʻulaʻula i loko o ka ʻākoakumu

I nā ecosystem, ʻo ke kumu nui o ka ʻulaʻula, ʻo ia ka mea nui e pili ana i nā kaulahao meaʻai. Aiʻa ka Rodents: steppe ferret, corsac, fox, Buzzard, steppe eagle, kite, nui gulls, steppe and marsh harrier, nā ʻūā.

Hiki i nā holoholona steppe nui ke noho i ka noho o ka poʻe gopher a hoʻohele paha iā lākou.

ʻO ka nui o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe maoli i hōʻemi ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i nā ʻāina wahine, no ka mea, ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā mea wānela ma nā ʻāina ulu. Hoʻopau nā Kites a me nā puʻupuʻu nui i nā gophers wale nō i ka wā o ko lākou noho hou ʻana. Ma muli o ka maloʻo, hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā ʻalā a me nā Buzzards, a ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka make nui o nā ʻōpio papa ʻōpio i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana o ka momona i ka hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo.

He mau leo ​​moe me ka mea ʻoniʻula ʻulaʻulaʻula. Ma nā hale kiaʻi o nā rodents: kahi ihi heihei nui, jerboa nui, vole kūʻiliʻā ʻia, vole maʻamau, pākuʻi hale, Daurian hamster, hamz Dzungarian, hamala ʻo Eversman, a me nā kiʻī ʻula.

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Kamaʻilio ʻana

E like me ka ʻike ʻana o ka poʻe ʻepekema, ma waena o nā holoholona, ​​ʻo ka poʻe gophers ka mea paʻakikī loa o ka ʻōlelo e kamaʻilio. Ma kahi o nā kumulāʻau a me ka pīhoihoi, e kamaʻilio nā holoholona me kēlā me kēia e nā hōʻailona ultrasonic. Ma kekahi mau mea e pīhoihoi nui ai, a i kekahi manawa ona lākou me ka wheeze. Akā ʻo wheezing kahi ʻāpana o ka hōʻailona o ke kanaka e lohe ai kekahi holoholona paha. ʻO ka hapa nui ka hōʻailona hele i nā ʻāpana uila.

Me kā lākou "kamaʻilio kamaʻilio" me nā tonality, ke kani a me ka timbre, hiki i ka holoholona ke wehewehe pono i ka mea e kokoke ana, ke ʻano, ka nui, ka nui a me nā pae.

He aha nā mea e ʻai ai ka mākele ʻāina?

ʻO nā mea ʻai i nā mākele ʻāina ka mea kanu nui, eia naʻe, i nā wā hapa, hoʻopiʻi lākou i nā iniseti, ʻoi loa ka mau ʻōpala, a me nā ʻano pōpoki ʻē aʻe, nā ʻūhini, nā ʻōpio. Kekahi manawa kuʻi ka poʻe gophers i nā kiʻina lāʻau a me nā manu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea kanu o nā holoholona nā mea nona nā hua ʻōpio, nā kumu a me nā lau, a me nā huaʻala. Hoʻokahi ʻano ʻano ʻano like me nā mea ʻai i ʻai ʻia e nā holoholona: knotweed, yarrow, clover sweet, stinging nettle, a me nā ʻano cereals, etc. Mālama ka mea kanu i nā meaʻai ma loko o ke kula like, kahi a lākou e mākaʻikaʻi ai.

ʻO nā ʻano o ka poʻe gophers e noho ana ma Rūsia, nā kiʻi a me ka wehewehe

Loaʻa i kēia mauʻano o ka gophers he 38 mau ʻano. Ma Lūkia, i nā wahi ākea mai nā wao nahele a hiki i ka ʻAlika Arctic, 9 lākou e ola nei: ka melemele, a i ʻole ke kala ʻulaʻula, a ʻulaʻula paha, nā mea liʻiliʻi, spklated, Daurian, Caucasian, lōʻihi-ʻumi, Beringian a me Krasnoshchek. ʻOkoʻa nā mea āpau a pau a me ka ʻula o ka hulu.

Likelike eleele melemele (sandstone) (Spermophilus fulvus Lichtenstein)

Noho ka poli laupaona ma ka wao nahele a me nā semi-desres, akā naʻe kekahi e kū ana i nā ala maloʻo o ka Volga ʻOke Loa.I waena o kona mau kaikuaʻana, kū ʻo ia ma mua, no ka mea, e pili ana i nā nui e pili ana i ka nui o nā huahele lepo (ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona kino e hiki i 38 cm), a ma ke ʻano he ʻano like ʻo ia me nā groundhog. Hoʻohālikelike ia i kahi gopher nui me ka ʻulaʻula hulu hoʻoneʻe o nā ʻeleʻele-melemele e paʻa me nā ʻeleʻele.

ʻO ka gopher ʻāpana ka makaʻu loa i ka pūʻolo piha a Spermophilus. Ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana aʻe i waho o ka lua, ke alo ʻo ia i kona poʻo i ka maka maka, a ke noho nei lākou ma kēia wahi no kekahi manawa, e nānā ana i ka apana. ʻOiai e hānai ana, ke nānā mau nei ʻo ia a puni. Ma kahi mauʻu ka nahele, ʻai ʻo ia i ka kolamu, akā inā palupalu ka mea kanu, hānai i ka noho a waha ʻole ana, e hāwili ana i ka lepo me kona kino kino. ʻO ke kumu paha o ke ala o ke anuanu he ʻano kaawale, kahi i nā holoholona ai i ka holoholona kūʻokoʻa e mālama kūʻokoʻa i kona palekana. Noho kēlā me kēia kanaka ka mākeke liʻiliʻi (hiki i ka 0.1 ha), ka mea e kiaʻi ma ka ikaika i ke komo ʻana o nā hoahānau. Inā ʻaʻole pili ka hoʻoweliweli i ka malihini, hoʻohana ʻia nā niho.

ʻO ka moʻomeheu o kēia ʻano mea kekahi o nā lā lōʻihi loa i waena o nā kuʻuna terestrial - 8-9 mau mahina.

Kaomi ʻulaʻula, a mea ʻona nui hoʻi (S. major Pallas)

Loaʻa ka nui gopher ma loko o nā forbs a me nā mauʻu a me nā pua o nā anuʻu ala mai ka waena o Volga a hiki i ka Irtysh. I ka nui, ʻo ka ʻulaʻula ulaula ka lua wale nō i ka melemele, ka lōʻihi o kona kino e hiki i 33 cm, ʻo ka huelo - 6-10 cm.

Aʻeleʻele ke kala o ke kua o ka holoholona, ​​ʻōwili, brown, me kahi ʻōpū o kahi keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka piko o ke poʻo he kala hina, ʻokoʻa ma ka ʻula o ke alo o ke kua. Ma nā pāpālina a ma luna o nā maka he mau ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ke kala ʻulaʻula.

Mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻulaʻulaʻula: ma ka huli ʻana i ka ʻai mai kāna lua, hiki i kēia mea lāʻau ke neʻe aku i ʻelua haneli mau mika, a inā ua make ka mea kanu, neʻe ka neʻe i nā wahi momona no ka meaʻai.

Hiki i nā gophers nui ke hele i kahawai ākea!

ʻOi aku ka ʻoihana iā Gopher (S. pygmaeus Pallas)

Noho ka poʻe gopher liʻiliʻi i nā anuʻu mai Wā Volga, ʻo Dnieper a me nā mauna Caucasus, a hiki i nā kahakai ʻo ka Black, Azov a me Caspian Seas. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona kino ʻaʻole i ka 24 cm, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 4 cm. He inconspicuous - hina paha a brownish ke kumu o ke kino, pinepine me ka nui o nā mana ocher.

Kaao Caucasian (S. mele mele Menetries)

Loaʻa ka pelekū o Caucasian (mauna) i ka'āina o Elbrus, ma nā wahi kuamoʻo alpine a me nā hana ʻai. Hiki i nā palena o kēia koʻokoʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o 1000 a 3200 m ma luna o ke kai.

ʻIke ʻia me kahi gopher liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kona kino a hiki i 24 cm, ʻehā - 4-5 cm.ʻO kēia ʻano he aloha maluhia: ua ʻano ʻia ia me ka haʻalele ʻole ʻana o nā pā meaʻai. ʻO ka holoholona ke mālama wale i kā lākou mau pana paʻa, a ka māhele ʻia nā meaʻai.

Spirled ground squirrel (S. suslicus guldenstaedt)

ʻO ka ʻāpana mākeke kipa kekahi o nā mākaʻikaʻi loa o kēia moʻomeheu: ka lōʻihi o ke kino - 17-26 cm, ʻili - 3-5 cm. Ua pālahalaha loa ia nā kihi alahele a me nā ala lāʻau o ka lāʻau ʻEulopa Hema mai ka Danube a ka Volga. ʻO nā wahi punahele punahele i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻanuʻu o ka wahine, nā kīhāpai a me nā hana ʻai. Noho ma nā kolana.

E like me ka hapanui o ke ao pae wāwae a me ka wao nahele, mālama ʻia nā hale kākela lepo i ka wā wela maloʻo loa i ke kakahiaka a me nā ahiahi. ʻAʻole makemake nā holoholona i ka lepo nāu, no laila, i ke kakahiaka e waiho nei lākou i nā lua wale ma hope o ka maloʻo nui ʻana o ka hau, a ma ka ua e ʻike ʻole ʻia ai lākou ma ka mea. Noho ka wā i ka pua ʻana mai 4 a 8 mau mahina i ka makahiki, e pili ana i ke kūlana a me nā kūlana o ke anā.

I kēia mau lā, ʻo spirled ground squirrel he holoholona lōkahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka Red Book of Bryansk a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. I ka wā hoʻokahi he nui o kēia mau holoholona, ​​hakakā pū me lākou, e like me nā mea mahiʻai mahiai. Akā i kēia mau makahiki i hala, ua emi ka nui o nā wahi i loaʻa i nā noho rodent. Ma ka pakuhi, ua hoʻohua ʻia ko lākou wahi mai ke ʻano māla e lilo i mau mokupuni liʻiliʻi, a ʻo lākou e ulu iki.

Daurian Gopher (S. dauricus Brandt)

ʻO Daurian, a i kapa ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo Transbaikal gopher, ke noho nei ma nā ʻāpana maloʻo o ka ʻāina ʻo Transbaikal, a me ʻolia Mokuia a me Northeast China. Loaʻa i ka ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā puʻu, nā palepona, me nā alahele, a me nā papa hoʻokele, a me nā māla lāʻau.

He ʻano liʻiliʻi kēia: ʻo ka kino ʻo 17.5-23 cm ka lōʻihi, kona ʻōpio 4-6.5 cm ka lōʻihi, he māmā ke kua o hope o ka Transbaikal gopher, he ʻeleʻele hina me ka hiʻu māmā o ka palahalaha, ʻōpō ke melemele, ʻāpana nā pihi.

ʻAʻole hana nā kolana ma kahi, akā ke ola wale nō.

ʻOpherlelo lōʻihi ʻo Longopher (S. undulatus Pallas)

E waiho ʻia ma ka East Tien Shan, i Central a me Western Mongolia, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Central Siberia, Altai, i nā kuahiwi o Transbaikalia, i Central Yakutia. ʻAno like ʻole nā ​​ʻano o nā ʻano holoholona i loaʻa i nā ʻāpana maloʻo a me nā anuʻu lāʻau, ma nā wahi ākea o nā wao a me nā kuahiwi.

ʻO kahi kahe lōʻihi lōʻihi - he ʻano nui, ʻo ka lōʻihi a hiki i 31 cm. ʻO kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano he ʻano manuahi a lōʻihi ka lōʻihi (ʻoi aku ka 16 cm).

ʻO ke kala o ke kua mai ka ocher-brown a hina i ka hina-pua, ma nā ʻaoʻao ua lilo ka ʻulaʻala i lilo i mea ikaika loa, ʻoi aku ka pehu o ke poʻo. Ma ke kua, hina a hina keʻokeʻo paha nā hiʻohiʻona.

Hānau ʻia kēia gopher ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, i kekahi manawa ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hau.

Elaine Kahalu (S. parryi Richardson)

ʻO ka Bering gopher (i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ʻAropa, ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika Huipū lōʻihi) e noho ana ma Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa. I ko mākou moku, ua ʻike ʻia ma Chukotka, Kamchatka, ma North-East Siberia. Noho nui ia i nā kula ākea - me nā wahi a me nā wahi i hele wāwae, ma luna o nā puʻupuʻu nui o ke kōkua, e ʻike pinepine ana ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā kauhale.

ʻO ia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui loa: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kikoʻī Chukchi he 25-32 cm, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻeʻAmelika - ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino 40 cm ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o nā holoholona a lōʻihi a lololo. ʻO ke kua ke brownish-buffy me kahi kaila manawaleʻa o nā keʻokeʻo he nui, ʻo ia ke poʻo he brownish-rusty.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻopōmaikaʻi o kēia ʻano ʻōiwi e ka holoholona hānai (nā ʻōpala lepo, nā mea kanu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka meaʻai ma muli o ke anuanu.

Gopher-pula ʻulaʻula (S. erythrogenys Brandt)

Noho ia ma ke kūkulu hema o nā ʻāina Ural a me West Siberian, loaʻa nō hoʻi ma Mongolia.

ʻO ia kahi koʻikoʻi i ka rodent, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi kona lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o 28 cm. He ʻoiʻu ka ʻoi loa o ka huelo ma mua o nā hoahānau pili - 4-6 cm. loaʻa kona inoa no ka mea o nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona a ʻulaʻula paha i nā pāpālina. ʻO ke kua o ka holoholona i ka melemele ke ʻano ʻulaʻula me nā ʻalaʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka ʻōpū, nā ʻāpana o nā ʻaoʻao. Aia kekahi wahi keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka moa. ʻO kahi kāʻei me kahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ,ʻeleʻele ma lalo.

Noho kēia holoholona i nā koloni, akā ʻo kēlā me kēia holoholona pāloko he lua kaawale a me kona wahi liʻiliʻi.

Mai ka hakakā ʻana no ka pale

ʻO nā Gophers kahi hui o nā rodents a kahi kanaka i hakakā me ke hoʻoikaika a kaua i ka wā lōʻihi, e like me nā mea kanu o nā huaʻai a me nā mea lawe mai i nā maʻi kiko hoʻomala (maʻi, tularemia, etc.). ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona, a me ka moʻomeheu o nā ʻano he nui i nā ʻāina anthropogenic, i mālama ʻia ke kumu no ka hakakā me nā kānaka. Ua hoʻoponopono a me ka lawelawe olakino e lawelawe a hoʻomau i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā pilikia o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka helu o ka rodents, e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻoi aʻa kūʻē i kēia mau rodents.

Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ke ʻano ʻo Spermophilus, ka hapa nui o lākou mau ʻano ka mea e luku ai i nā makahiki he nui, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke ʻike i kā lākou hana ma ke kaiāulu kūlohelohe. No laila, he ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o nā lua e hāʻawi ana i ka hiki o ka nui o nā nui o nā meaola like ʻole. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā ʻuʻuku o kahi gopher liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole i ola a ʻoi aku paha - 12 tausani mau ʻano holoholona o nā holoholona ʻano like ʻole. Ke ʻike ʻia pū kekahi me ka nalo ʻana o nā ʻōpū lepo, ka nui o ka nui o nā mea ʻōiwi a me ka manu o ka mea ʻānai ma ke ʻano he nui (light ferret, steppe kestrel, saker, saker, burial eagle, etc.)

Me ka luku mau ʻana o nā ʻalā kuʻu ʻāina, aia kahi ʻano o ka hōʻemi ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ko lākou mau ʻano kūlohelohe ma muli o ka lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā wahi pākū a me nā loli hoʻololi.

ʻO ka mea hou aʻe, ua māhuahua ka pilikia o ka pale ʻana i kekahi mau luna o kēia ʻohana. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Red-pipi, spkled, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a me nā Daurian gophers i loko o ka Red Book o ka Russian Federation a / a i ʻole ma nā Red Red regional.

ʻO ke ʻano o kēia pilikia nā mea mālama loiloi kūlohelohe e hāʻawi i nā mea mālama mālama gopher, ʻoiai e hoʻomau ka mālama ʻana i nā lawelawe olakino a me nā mahiʻai e hōʻemi i ka nui o nā holoholona i mea e hōʻoia pono ai ka pōmaikaʻi o ka nui o ka heluna a me ka hōʻemi i nā pōʻai ʻai.

Gopher ma ke ʻano he holoholona

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kūpono nā gophers no ka mālama ʻana i ka home. ʻOiai ka hopena o ka nohona ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe piha i ka pōʻino, ʻaʻole ia e like me ka mea e leʻaleʻa nei kēia kīlei aloha i kahi holoholona palupalu me ka lana o ka noho i loko o kahi pā hale a i ʻole hoʻi i kahi manuahi. ʻAʻole kahi gopher ka puaʻa guina a i ʻole chinchilla, i hoʻoponopono pono i ke ola i ke pio a lilo i kekahi kanaka, ke ʻano o ka gopher a me ka kūʻokoʻa, akā ʻaʻole loa ia e lilo i manual, auwē ...

Akā aia mau mea aloha i ka home exoticism e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻohuli i kēia mau mea. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ʻaʻole hiki i nā hale ke mālama pono i nā gophers - ʻaʻole lākou e noho ma aneʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoiai he paʻakikī nā hoʻokumu i nā kūlana i loaʻa iā lākou. Eia kekahi, e hōʻailona nā holoholona i ka ʻāina, a me ka honi o kā lākou mau hiʻona, e hoʻokomo i ka ʻoluʻolu, he kikoʻī.

Hiki iā ia ke mālama i nā gophers i loko o ka pā o kahi hale pilikino, kahi e hiki ai i nā holoholona ke hāʻawi i ko lākou pono - ʻeli i ka kalai, holo, ka lele a lele ʻole. No nā pahu o nā mea kālai ʻāina, ka hoʻopuni me ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi ʻo 150 × 150 cm e pono ai. Ma ka pō o ka ʻahaʻaina (i ka hopena o ʻAukake - i ka hoʻomaka mua o Kepakemaha), hāʻawi ʻia nā rodents i nā mea no ka moena - he mauʻu, he mauʻu, ka lau, ka mea e hoʻomākaukau ai ka poʻe holoholona i kahi no ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo. I uhi ʻia ka waihona pālua me nā lako like. Mālama ʻia nā Gophers i ka manawa hoʻokahi no ka hānau ʻana.

ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai gopher ka mea i hui pū ʻia, nā oat, ka palaoa, ka bale, ka hua o ka lūlū, ka palaoa, ka mākaukau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka rodents. Hāʻawi lākou i nā mea kanu - kāloti, beets, zucchini, kukama, a me nā hua - nā maiʻa, nā ʻomo, nā hua ʻoma, a me ka meaʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo - ʻula salad, alfalfa, nā lau o ka dandelion, plantain, clover, etc. Mai ka manawa o ka manawa, ʻano like ka ʻai me ka meaʻai o ka protein (ʻōpala palaoa, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala). Hoʻomaʻaʻai i nā keiki holoholona 2 mau manawa i kahi lā.

ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka meaʻai gopher mai ka papa ʻaina o kekahi, me ka pōkō, nā kumuhana, nā ʻoka, nā lālā oak. Pono ka wai wai i loko o ka mea inu.