ʻO Haddock wale nō ka mau iwi i ka ʻohana gend haddock no ka ʻohana cod. ʻO kāna inoa Latina ʻo Melanogrammus aeglefinus.

O kona wahi noho ai nā moana ʻākau o ka mokupuni o Arctic a me Atlantika. Loaʻa iā ia kahi pono lawaiʻa koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā ʻano he haddock i wehewehe mua ʻia e ka Sweden naturalist Karl Linney i ka makahiki 1758. A ua wehewehe ʻia ka ʻano hanana haddock ma hope, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka 1862, e ka mea noiʻi ʻAmelika ʻo Theodore Gill.

ʻO keʻano

ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau o haddock mai 50 a 75 cm, eia naʻe, ʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻokahi e hiki ana i ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi mita a i ʻole.

Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).

ʻO ke kaupaona awelika he 2-3 kime, akā ua kākau ʻia nā hihia o nā hopu he nui, ʻo ke kaumaha o ia ka mea mai 12 a 19 kg. Hiki i ke ola Haddock a hiki i 14 makahiki. Ua kiʻekiʻe ke kino o kēia iʻa, ʻūlū ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka kua ke waiho ʻeleʻele hina me ka poni a lilac shimmer paha, he lahilahi aku nā ʻaoʻao, ka pulu, ka ʻōpū a me ke keʻokeʻo a i ka waiū paha. ʻEleʻele ka ʻaoʻao. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka haddock ma lalo o ka laina o ka laina ma kahi he nui o ka wahi nui, aia ma waena o ka pectoral a me nā pālua dorsal mua.

He mea pono ia e kaulana nui loa ka mua o ka dorsal fin of haddock ma mua o ka lua a me ke kolu. Hoʻomaka ka pahina anal mua ma hope o ke kūpaʻa, e kahe ana ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena o ka pauʻana o ka dorsal mua, a ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa i ka nui nui. Aia ka waha i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke poʻo, ʻokoʻa ka nui, ka ʻaha luna ʻoi aku ka lihi o mua. Aia ka mākā, aia kekahi mau pūniki liʻiliʻi, aia i loko o kona wā kamaliʻi.

Kālā

Noho ʻo Haddock i nā kai piha, kahi o ka paʻakai he 32-33 ppm. ʻO kēia noho ka ʻaoʻao i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke Kai Atlantika, i ka wai i pili i ke kapakai o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa ʻĀkau, kokoke i ke kahakai ʻo Iceland, a i nā Barents a me nā kai o Noremania o ka Arctic Ocean. Nui nā awau ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao hema ma ke Komohana Hema ma ke Kai ʻEkau kokoke kokoke i Iceland, a ma ka Newfoundland Bank. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi hapa liʻiliʻi o ka haddock ma kahakai o Greenland, akā ma ka Labrador Peninsula ʻaʻole loa kēia iʻa. Noho ka nui o ka haddock i loko o ka waiʻo teritorial o ka Lūkini, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, ma ka hema o ke Kai Bar. Akā ma ke Kaiʻula o kona nui he nui loa, ma ka Baltic ua kūʻokoʻa. Maliʻa paha kēia ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai paʻakai i loko o nā wai o kēia mau kai.

Ke noho maʻamau

ʻO Haddock kahi ʻohana iʻa e alakaʻi ai i ke ʻano mamao. ʻO ka hohonu o kahi e noho ai ʻo ia mai 60 a 200 mika, i kekahi mau mea e hiki ke hoʻoheʻe i kahi hohonu o hoʻokahi kilomita. Ke hele nei ʻo Young haddock i lalo i ke ola kino e hiki i ka makahiki hoʻokahi makahiki. Aia a hiki i kēia manawa, noho ia i ka kolamu wai a hānai i kahi hohonu ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma kahi o 100 m.ʻae o kēia mau ʻano ua aneane ʻole e waiho i nā palena o ka papa ʻāina. Loaʻa nā hihia i ka manawa i hālāwai ai ʻo Haddock ma ke kai lolowai i ka hohonu hohonu, akā ua emi loa kēia mau spesiens a kokoke loa i ka make.

Ua makemake paha ʻo Haddock a ʻai i nā ʻai ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai haddock he benthos. ʻO kēia mau invertebrates benthic, no ka laʻana, nā crustaceans, nā palaho, ka echinoderms a me nā mollusks, a me nā ophiurs. ʻO ka mea nui i ka meaʻai haddock he caviar a me ka iʻa iʻa. He ʻokoʻa nā papa menu haddock ma nā North a Barents Seas. No laila, ua ʻai ʻo ka moana kai o ka ʻĀkau i ka caviar hena, a me ka lau nui ʻana o ka Moana Barities - caviar a me nā capelin pi.

Ma ke kai Barents, kahi nui i hoʻonui ʻia e haddock kahi e kokoke ana i ka Cape Kanin Nos, a me ka ʻaoʻao o Kolguyev Island a me ka wai o nā kahakai ʻo Kola Peninsula.

ʻO ka hoʻohuli a me ka lele

Ua hiki ʻo Haddock i ka wā kamaliʻi a hiki i ka makahiki 3-5. I kēia manawa, hiki ke lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia iʻa i ka 40 cm, a me ke koʻikoʻi - 1 kg. ʻAʻole i mahalo ʻo ia ka wikiwiki o ka noho ʻana i ka moana ʻĀina, ma ka mau makahiki 2-3, a ʻoi aku ka poʻe o ka poʻe noho i loko o ke Kaiāiwa i ka makahiki ʻo 5-7, a ma kekahi mau keke, aia wale nō ma 8-10 makahiki. Spawning haddock e kū ana mai ʻApelila a Iune. Hōʻalo ka iʻa i ke mele, a hoʻomaka ka neʻe i ka ʻeono mahina ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka māla. ʻO ke ala maʻamau no ka neʻe ʻana o ka haddock migration ka huakaʻi mai ke kai o Barents a hiki i nā Norewai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka Lofoten Islands.

ʻO nā wahi nui no ka spawning haddock:

• ʻAmelika Eurasian - ke kapakai komohana'ākau o Norewai, ke komohana a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o Islande, ka wai kahakai o ʻIlani a me ʻEkelika, ka wai moha Lofoten,
• ʻAmelika ʻAmelika - ʻAmelika kahakai o ʻAmelika ma ka moku o ʻEnelani Nui, ke kapakai o Kanada ma kahi o nā kahakai o Nova Scotia.

Hiki i nā wahine Haddock ke huki aku mai hoʻokahi tausani a 1,8 miliona huaʻa no ka mākaʻikaʻi. ʻO Caviar o kēia ʻano iʻa ka pelagic. ʻO ke kai i kēia manawa ka nui o ka caviar, larvae, a me haddock pīkoi ma kahi mamao loa mai nā wahi i helehelena. Noho ʻo Young haddock pīkoi a me nā wai ʻai i loko o ka pahu wai, e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā ʻohana makua. Hiki i nā Juvenile ke hūnā mai nā mea kahakaha ma lalo o ka domes o ka ʻano nui.

E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, hiki i kēia iʻa ke hana i nā neʻe lōʻihi no ka lawena a me nā momona. ʻO ka neʻe nui o ka haddock kūpono i ke kai Barents. Ke holo nui nei ʻo Juveniles ma ke alahele - me ke ʻano o ka Nordkapp e hele mai ana mai Norekulia aku i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke kai Barents a me ka Irminger Nāwa mai ka ʻaoʻao Akau a hiki i ka ʻaoʻao o Islandia.

ʻO ke ʻano a me ka hoʻohana ʻana

He waiwai koʻikoʻi nui ʻo Haddock i nā Barents a me North Seas a ma ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Lawe ʻia kāna hopu me ke kōkua o nā ʻneka, nā ʻūnaka lawaiʻa, nā ʻupena kupapaʻu a me nā moku ʻīwī. I waena o nā iʻa cod, aia ʻo haddock i kahi ʻekolu i nā ʻano o ka hopu hopu. Mamua o kona pa a me ka pollock. ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, 0.5-0.75 miliona mau loko o ka iʻa i hopu ʻia i ka honua.

ʻO ka waiwai lawaiʻa o ka haddock i koi iā ia e hoʻokomo i loko o ka Puke ʻaha, ʻoiai ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka iʻa me ka luku piha.

He loli maoli ka nui o Haddock i nā makahiki. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka lehulehu haddock, e pili ana i ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o ka haddock i loko o ke kai. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia hope, ua emi ka nui o ka waiwai o ka haddock i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, akā, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua hoʻomaka e hoʻonui a ke hoʻokokoke nei i ka pae e pili ana i nā 30s - 60s o ka kenekulia 20.

I ka Soviet Union i waenakonu o ke kenekulia hope, ua lawe ka nui o ka haddock mined i kahi o ka lua. ʻO ka cod wale nō ka i kaha. Ma hope mai ua hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻonui i ka nahu o ka poloka, no ka mea ua neʻe ke neʻe i kahi i ke kolu. I kēia lā, lawe ka iʻa ma ka wahi 4 i waena o nā iʻa a pau ma Rū i loko o ke Kaiʻāina ʻo ka hopu. ʻO ka wahi mua e noho ʻia ma ka cod, cod a me capelin. A i waena o ka kahe, aia ka lua. I ka makahiki 2000, ua piʻi ka hopu o haddock ma 8502 tons, a me ka hopu ʻana o ke kīpē - 23116 tons o cod.