ʻO Apteronotus keʻokeʻo (Latin: Apteronotus albifrons), a i ʻole e kapa ʻia ʻoi aku ka pahi ʻeleʻele, ʻo ia kekahi o nā iʻa wai ākea e ʻano nui ka amateurs i mālama i nā aquariums.
Aloha lākou iā ia no ka mea he nani ia, a hoihoi i ke ʻano a ʻokoʻa ʻole. I ka ʻāina i loko, ma nā ululāʻau ʻo Amazon, manaʻoʻiʻo nā ʻohana kūloko he iʻa, a i noho ʻia nā ʻuhane o nā kūpuna ma hope o ka make, no laila, ua manaʻo ʻia he kapu.
ʻOiai hiki ke ulu nui loa, kokoke i ka 40 cm, noho mau lākou.
ʻO kahi hiʻona i ke ʻano, ua kūpono nā apertonotuses i ka wā a hoʻomaka i ka hana wiwo ʻole ʻana, a hiki i kā lākou ʻai ʻana mai ko lākou mau lima.
E noho nei i ke kūlohelohe
Ua wehewehe mua ʻo Apteronotus albifrons e Karl Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1766. Noho ia ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma ka Amazon a me kāna mau alakaʻi. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo keʻokeʻo-apronotus, akā ua kapa ʻia ʻoi loa ʻia kekahi pahi ʻeleʻele. Hele mai ka inoa mai English English - Black Ghost Knifefish.
ʻO ke kūlohelohe, noho i nā wahi me kahi haʻahaʻa o ke aniani a me kahi pākaha one, ka neʻe ʻana i loko o nā pulu kahe i ka wā o ka ua.
E like me ka hapa o nā iʻa o kāna ʻano, makemake ʻo ia i nā wahi ākea me nā wahi he nui. Ma Amazon, ua wahi ʻole nā wahi i noho ai a hope theototus.
No ka hoʻopihapiha no ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻike, nā paʻakai-keʻokeʻo e hana i kahi kīwī palupalu palupalu a puni iā ia, me ke kōkua o ia e kaohi ai i ka neʻe a me nā mea. Mālama ke kula lāʻau i ka huli a hoʻokele, akā ʻo ka hoʻohui pū me ke kōkua uila, ua kamaʻilio pū ka apertonotus me kāna ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele nā mea pana nocturnal e hōʻuluʻulu nei i nā muliwai no nā iniseti, 'aiʻole, nā kolo, a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.
I ka wā i hala, ua lawe ʻia mai nā huahana apertonotuses mai ke kūʻai aku mai ʻAmelika Hema, ma ke kumu mai Brazil hoʻi. Akā i kēia mau makahiki i hala ua lanakila lākou i ka hoʻopio ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma Asia Hema, a ua hāʻule nui ka ikaika o ka poʻe i ka kūlohelohe.
ʻO keʻano
Hiki i kahi pahi kālepa ke ulu a 50 cm a ola a 15 mau makahiki. ʻAno pāwili ʻia ke kino a elongated. ʻAʻohe mea dorsal a me nā loina ventral; e hoʻopolo aʻe ai ka mea paʻa i ke kino a pau i ka huelo.
ʻO ka neʻe o ka neʻe e like me ka neʻe o ka anal mea i hāʻawi i ka lokomaikaʻi apertonotus kūikawā. ʻOiai ke nānā ʻole nei lākou, ʻo ko lākou ʻōnaehana uila a me ka lōʻihi o ka anal anal ka mea maikaʻi loa e neʻe ai i kekahi wahi.
Ke hōʻoia nei i ka inoa o ia, ʻo ka ateronotus ka mea ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele wale wale nō ma ke poʻo aia ke kaila keʻokeʻo e holo ana ma hope o ke kua. Nui nā lua ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo ma ka huelo.
Aʻikepili i ka ʻike
Noi ʻia no nā mea ʻona i mua o ka ʻike.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o ka pahi ʻeleʻele i nā mea kaulike, ua ʻike loa ia i nā maʻi a me nā ʻike o nā huahana lapaʻau i ka wai. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻokomo i kahi kānana o waho me kahi mea hoʻomehana UV, e hōʻemi i ka manawa kūpono i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi.
Pēlā nō hoʻi ke nānā ʻia ka iʻa i nā ʻōnaehana wai a me nā loli.
E like me nā iʻa like ʻole, he malu a hoʻohuihui ʻo ka ateronotus, ʻo ia hoʻi i loko o ka wai aku hou.
ʻO ka pilikia ʻē kekahi he nocturnal predator, a pono ʻoe e hānai i ia pō a i ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā.
Hānai
ʻO nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele he iʻa iʻa. Ke kūlohelohe nei, e kū ana ka hana i ka pō, ke ʻai lākou ma nā mea ʻino, nā ʻōpū, ka snails a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.
Ma ka kīkī, ola a ʻai ʻole ʻia i ka ʻai, no ka laʻana, ka ʻōpala pili koko, ka ʻūhā, ka ʻatikala a me ka tubule, nā kīʻaha o ka iʻa, hiki ke aʻo ʻia i nā papa like ʻole a me nā kuʻuna.
E ʻimi lākou i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e hiki ke hānai ʻia me nā pahi.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hānai i ke ahiahi a i ka pō paha, akā ma muli o kou hoʻohana pono ʻia ia, hiki iā lākou ke hānai i ka ao, ʻo ia hoʻi me nā lima.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa ke neʻe kokoke ʻana i lalo. ʻO kahi pāleʻa ʻeleʻele pākahi kahi iʻa nui e pono ai i ka aku hale nui. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu o 400 lita a i ʻole.
E koi ʻia kahi kānana o waho waho, me kahi UV sterilizer paʻa. Hana ʻia ka iʻa i ka nui o ka nui, ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai protein me ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻano wai. E hoʻohana i ka kānana like ʻole e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia he nui inā e poina iā ʻoe e kāpae i nā koena ʻai i ka meaʻai, no ka laʻana.
Pele - oneone a ʻala maʻa. He mea nui ia nui nā wahi huna a me nā hale nohoʻa kahi e hūnā ai ka lole-apronot i ke ao.
Hoʻohana kekahi mau aquarist i nā pūnāwai ma kahi e maluhia ai ka iʻa, akā hiki ke ʻike. E hoʻolilo lākou i ka hapa nui o ka lā ma kahi e hoʻomaha ai.
Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka mea e kuke ai i nā mea kanu e hana i ka twilight a hana i kahi kahe molo i loko o ka aquarium.
Paʻa wai: wela mai 23 a 28 ° С, ph: 6.0-8.0, 5 - 19 dGH.
ʻAno hānau
No ka hoʻoulu keiki pono ʻoe i kahi aku o 400 lita. No ka liki pua, e kanu ʻia kahi kāne a ʻelua a ʻekolu mau wahine.
Ma hope o ka hoʻonā ʻana, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā wahine i koe. Hāʻawi i nā meaʻai waiū kiʻekiʻe e pākuʻi. Ka wai wai - 27 ° С, pH 6.7. Holo aku ka pāhele i ka pō, ma ka ʻāina, a he mea nui ke nānā i kēlā me kēia kakahiaka i ke ʻano ua hele wale paha.
Ma hope o ka hakakā, pono ke waiho ʻia i ka wahine, a waiho mau ke kāne - mālama i ka hua a hoʻopili ʻia me nā pala. ʻO ke kānāwai, ʻo ka hāleʻa palaoa i ke kolu o ka lā, ma hope ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kāne.
Ma hope o ka honi ʻana o ke kāne, hānai iā ia i ka ʻeke a ʻelua mau lā, a hoʻomaka ʻoe e hānai i ka lā ʻekolu.
Hoʻomaka ka hānai - ciliates. I ka lā ʻumi, hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i ka palaoa i nā artplasa naupliya, ʻekolu mau manawa i ka lā. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hiki ke hoʻomaka ka pīpī e hānai me ka pākī ʻokiʻoki, pono ia e hānai i loko o nā wahi liʻiliʻi a pinepine.
I ka lāloi
ʻOiai ke kau ʻana i nā iʻa i ka iʻa, ʻaʻole lākou i kau i ka pōʻino i ka iʻa nui, akā e noʻonoʻo lākou i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e like me ka mea pio. Pono nā hale noho ma ka aquarium. ʻO ka wai 25-30 ° C. Pono ʻia ka average a me ka kānana.
Hoʻaiho
E hele mai mai ʻAmelika Hema. Loaʻa ʻia kā lākou kokoke loa ma ke kula ʻo Amazon. E koho i nā wahi me ka papa lohi, nā mahele lepo hoʻoneʻe a me ka nui o nā hale. I ka ua nui, ʻau e ʻauʻau i nā wahi i ulana ʻia o ka nahele. Ke alakaʻi nei ka iʻa i kahi nohona nocturnal, a i ka lā e mālama ana ia i nā wahi i ka wā ʻole o ka lā.
ʻKuhi ʻōlelo pōkole:
Mea ʻai
Nā mea kanu Carnivorous, ma kaʻai maoli e hānai i nā ʻōpala, nā pepeke aquatic a me kā lākou pili, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke lawelawe ʻia nā meaʻai hou a maloʻo paha, e like me ka ʻūlū, nā kahe koko, nā ʻōpala o ke koko, nā ʻāpana o nā mussels a me nā hakahaka, kahi i loko o ka hale mālama. Inā loaʻa, ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻole mai ka iʻa iʻa ola.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hiki i ka iʻa ʻole ʻeleʻele ke hoʻomanaʻo i kona mea nona ma luna o ka manawa a lawe i ka meaʻai mai nā lima. He mea nui ia e maʻemaʻe nā lima, ʻaʻole i ka trace o kaʻaila, kaʻaila.
Pono ka wai pākeke hoʻokahi e loaʻa ka wai i ka liʻiliʻi o 300 pā. E like me ka hoʻolālā me ke ʻano kūlohelohe me nā kukui a me nā keʻena he nui. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka substrate o nā pali kila, nā pōhaku makamae, nā lau nahele o nā mea kanu, ke waiho pū me nā mea i kaupalena ʻia, a me nā mea puʻupuʻu ʻē aʻe a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ai ke lilo i ʻona.
ʻO ka mālama maikaʻi e hilinaʻi nui i ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana paʻa me ka pH kūpono a me ka dGH. Hoʻopili i kahi papahana filtration momona, loaʻa kekahi i nā aquarist i nā mea hoʻomehana ultraviolet ma ke ʻano o ka hakakā ʻana i nā pathogens. ʻO nā kaʻina hana no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai i ka wai i loko o kahi wai hebedoma o ka wai o ka wai ma o 30-50% a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau o ka lepo mai ka lepo o ka lepo.
ʻAno e hoʻokū
ʻO nā iʻa maluhia maikaʻi e pili ana i nā hoalauna ʻē aʻe ma ka aku. Akā he mea kūpono hoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo nei, he wā karnivorous kēia, no laila hiki i ka iʻu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ke lilo i kā lākou make pōpilikia. I loko o nā mea kikoʻī, ʻokoʻa ka kūlana. Kūleʻa ka pīpī iʻa ʻeleʻele i kona mau hoahānau, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae iā lākou e mālama ʻia i loko o kahi pūpū.
Nā maʻi ʻona
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā iʻa ʻōʻī ʻia ma mua o ko lākou mau hoahānau i hopu ʻia i ka wao. I nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻohe o lākou e ʻike i nā pilikia olakino. ʻO ka hōʻalo ʻana, me ka mālama pono ʻole, ka piʻi o ka pilikia o kahi maʻi maʻi maʻamau. I nā iʻa mua, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā palena o nā loiloi maikaʻi loa. E ʻike i ka maʻa ʻo Aquarium Fish Diseases no ka ʻike hou aku i nā hōʻailona me nā ala lapaʻau.
Fashionat.ru
ʻO ka iʻa ʻae ʻeleʻele (Apteronotus albifrons) ʻo nā iʻa kaulana loa o ka ʻohana Apteronotidae. ʻO kekahi kumu o kēia kaʻaha nui o ka lawaiʻa ʻana o ka iʻa, kahi i mau makahiki i mau makahiki mai ke kīʻaha o nā kahawai o ʻAmelika Hema. A, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kumu lua no ka kaulana e ʻano like ʻole. Maʻalahi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka iʻa mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o kona ʻohana ma muli o ka palena keʻokeʻo, aia ma ka huelo o ke kino. Ma kekahi mau'āina ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka "Black Ghost Knife Fish", no ka mea, ua manaʻoʻiʻo nā ʻohana hihiu mai ka nahele ʻo Amazon e ulu ka ʻuhane o ka mea make i ke kino o ka iʻa. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lawe ʻia mai ʻo ateronotus ʻĀpana iā Indonesia, kahi i pae pono ʻia.
Lele koke aku i ka ʻatikala
Nā hiʻohiʻona o waho
Hiki i ka iʻa ke ulu a 50 cm i kahi aquarium. ʻO ka aftertonotus ka ʻāpana o ka simyte o ka mokulele, elongated. Ma ka kua aia kekahi kala mau e hoʻomau ʻia ana, kahi e pae pū ai me ka lua caudal a me ka lua. K formsia kia 'structurekuhi' thelelo e kapa ʻia ka "Radar", ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia e ka iʻa e like me ke aniani e hoʻoweliweli ana i ka ʻenekene. Ma o kēia hoʻolālā holoʻokoʻa, e hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻi lokomaikaʻi i hope i loko o ka hale kaukō.
ʻO kahi māka iʻa hiki ke hoʻomaka, hilahila, alo ʻole. Akāʻo ka hoʻokipa ʻana iā ia i kahi lalo hou, ua hele mai i loko o ke ao e loaʻa ka meaʻai. Lawe kekahi i ka meaʻai mai ka lima o kahi kanaka inā hoʻohana lākou ia. ʻO ka Protein ateronotus kahi iʻa maluhia kai i hōʻino ʻole ʻia me nā hoalauna. Eia nō naʻe, e pale i nā palena wai. Ma muli o kona nui nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻonoho iā ia i loko o kahi pahu ākea me ka nui o ka 350-400 lita. ʻO ka manaʻolana ke ola ma ke pio ʻana he 15 mau makahiki.
E nānā i ke ʻano o kahi ʻano iʻa.
Pehea e mālama ai i ka afteronotus i kāu home home
ʻO kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele kahi iho. I ka nahele, hānai i nā mea anuanu a me kā lākou pili, ʻoi a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Ma nā mea kanu, hiki i kahi apteronotus keʻokeʻo ke ʻai i nā meaʻai hou i loko o ka wai, e like me nā kahe koko a me ka artemia. ʻO kekahi manawa hānai ʻia mai nā lima o ka mea nona. Ma mua o ka hānai ʻia i ka iʻa e mālama ʻia o nā lima, pono maʻemaʻe lākou a pono ʻole. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka ʻai o nā hū, nā puʻu, nā ʻōpala, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā snails. I ka wā mua, ʻai pinepine nā hoʻololi i loko o ka aquarium, ma hope e ʻai pinepine lākou, i pinepine mau manawa i ka lā.
E makemake nui ka ʻopa ʻeleʻele i ka kukui a me nā hale he nui ma ke ʻano o nā pōhaku ʻalohi, nā mea kanu a me nā lāʻau i hoʻoponopono ʻia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā pūpū akuʻa wai me ke ʻano hoʻolaʻa - ma laila e ʻike ka mea nona ka holoholona i nānā mua. Pono nā mea kanu e koho palekana, me nā lau maʻalahi a me nā lau kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka heleʻana i kahi aquarium maʻamau
ʻO ka ateronotus ʻōpala ke ʻakehū i nā lālā o kona ʻano a me ka ʻohana ʻohana o ka ʻohana Apteronotidae. ʻOiai ke ʻano haʻalulu, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolilo i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, e like me ka guppies, neons. E hāʻawi ʻo Barbs iā lākou i ka pilikia, e hoʻopili ana i nā upena nani. ʻO ka ateronotus keʻokeʻo e ʻai i nā mollusks a me nā invertebrates e noho ana i ka papa mālama. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia me nā ʻelele o kā lākou iho ʻano, akā i kekahi manawa ke ʻike ai lākou i ka pilina inā i ʻoliki ʻia ka mea kanu me ʻaʻohe wahi no ka wahi e noho ai. Hiki nō ke hoʻokolohua ʻia me ka malū i ke ʻano lau e hoʻolele ʻia me ka maluhia e ʻike ʻia ai he meaʻai.
E nānā pehea a ʻai ʻia ka afteronotus mai nā lima lima o kahi kanaka.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pahi ʻili e ka dimorphism moʻowa haʻahaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka nui o ka hoʻouluʻana i nā hale i nā home. Palena ʻia ʻo Protein ateronotus i Indonesia no ka ʻenehana. Aia kahi poʻe aloha e manaʻo nei ua hāʻawi ka ʻōpala uliuli i nā hua.
No ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i ka iʻa, kahi aperonotus keʻokeʻo e pono ai kahi aquarium o 100 lita me nā ʻāpana: ea 25-25 tikelika Celsius, acidity 6.0-6.3 pH, ʻāʻī 5-6 dH. 1 kāne a male 2 wahine hānau. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ma ka simulate i ka ua nui, inā i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia a hoʻonui ʻia paha ka mahana o ka wai. Ua waiho ka wahine i nā hua he 500 a ma hope o ka hakilima, hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hana i loko o kahi hale kanu maʻamau, a e hoʻohuli ʻia nā hua i kahi mea kanu, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka liʻiliʻi a me ka pupule. Ma hope o nā hola 40-90, e pau ka manawa incubation, e kū mai ana ke kō. Pono ka wai me ka kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygen, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i ka 1 kaleka o ka paʻakai i ka 1 liter iā ia. Manaʻo ia e hou pinepine i ka wai, ka hapalua o ka nui. He mea nui e loaʻa i ka larvae kahi e peʻe ai. ʻO ka meaʻai mua no ka palaoa ʻowā zooplankton. Hele lākou i ka moekolohe i ka makahiki o 1-1,5 mau makahiki, pono e maopopo i ka ʻoki ʻole ʻana o ka palaoa i ka huelo o kēlā me kēia, no laila e hōʻoiai ʻole nā hale no kēlā me kēia i ka mālama maikaʻi loa a me ka mālama o nā hua.
ʻO nā poʻe hakakā kūʻokoʻa
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke pepehi i kā lākou koa.
ʻAe, ʻaʻole lākou makemake i ke keʻa papaʻa
ʻO kā mākou kumu pale kila Ural!
"Ke kūʻē nei kēia mau diabolo i ka wā i hōʻeha kino ʻia lākou, e like me ka poʻe kākau, hele lākou i mua a aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou."
Pēlā wale nō ka hana i kapa ʻia e ka Motherland a lohe ʻia kāna kāhea. ʻO ka kūleʻa o ke koko o ke kaua ʻo Stalingrad i lilo i mea huna i ka makemake o ka poʻe a me ka makemake kaulana e kipaku aku i ka ʻenemi i waho o ko lākou wahi i ka hiki koke. Nā kūlanakauhale ʻo ke ural Ural: ʻo Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Molotov mau wahi i kākau ʻia i ka Luna Nui o ke Aliʻi me ka noi e hana i nā pūʻulu tank hana manuahi kūikawā.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ke hoʻoholo ʻana, hoʻomaka ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka pahu. Uaʻoi aku ma mua o 15 mau poʻe i loaʻa no kahi hoʻokahi, koho lākou i ka mea maikaʻi loa. A i nā mea ulu i kēia manawa, ua mau ka poʻe hana ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana, ka pale kaua, hōʻiliʻili lā, nā māka. No laila ma ka ulu aloha ʻana o ke aloha no ka makuahine i ka makahiki 1943 ua hānau ʻia ʻo Ural Volunteer Tank Corps, kahi i loaʻa i ke poʻo o nā Kahu. Ua piha pono ʻo ia me nā kuʻuna pilikino.
I ke kiʻi: ke mokuahi tank "Black Knives", 1943.
ʻAʻole liʻuliʻu ma hope aku, ua loaʻa kēia ʻāpana koa mākaʻi i kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe: ua hāʻawi ka poʻe Gereman iā ia, akā ua loaʻa ka aʻa. The "Black Knife Division" (Schwarzmesser Panzer Division) - ʻo ia nā ʻenemi o nā tankers Soviet e lawe i ka pā kaua Kelemania ma hope o kekahi. ʻO kahi mākeke me kahi ʻeleʻele uliuli kekahi o nā mea iʻike nui ʻia o nā lako kaua o nā pūʻali koa. I ka mua, ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona o ka NR-40 Scout Knife, i hana ʻia e ka Zlatoust Tool Plant mai 1941.
He lālani lōʻihi lōʻihi ma Finani me kahi pahi a me kahi paʻa lāʻau. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka pahi ka mea kiaʻi ākea ākea, kūpono loa no ka hakakā hakakā. ʻEleʻele ka polipoli a me ke kālai lāʻau. Ma hope aku, ua lilo ka ʻili ʻenehana i kahi ʻano ʻano o nā koa o kēia pūʻali moku mokulele, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā mea hakakā i lawe i ko lākou alelo a hoʻākāka pono iā lākou iho ma ke kahua kaua.
I ke kiʻi: ʻo nā mea hoʻouka o ka Ural Volunteer Tank Corps i hāʻawi ʻia me "ʻili uliuli" no ka hoʻokau koa kaua, 1943.
Oe ke kuai i ka popo popo i keia la. ʻElua nā koho. Inā ʻoe e hoʻāʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi pahi ʻoi ʻapu maoli kō i hana ʻia ma ka makahiki 1943 i nā ʻalā. Akā, ka mea mua, e pale ʻia kona kumukūʻai - kahi lōkahi! ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻole ia heʻoiaʻiʻo iā lākou e hoʻopunipuni iā ʻoe. Eia naʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke pā i ka mōʻaukala. Aia kahi lua e hana ai: kūʻai i kahi pīpī o ka pahi ʻoniʻoni ʻeleʻele i loko o ka hale kūʻai pūnaewele o ka mea hana limahana.
I ke kiʻi: kahi kope o ka "Black Knife" kaulana, - loaʻa kahi māʻani no ke kūʻai aku.
I ka makahiki 2005, hana ka mea kūʻai kaua Zlatoust - kahi i kahakaha i ka ZIK - ua hoʻokumu i ka hana o kēia mea kaua puʻupuʻu.Ua loaʻa ka pahi o ka ʻāpana o ka makahiki 1943, ua lawe ʻia ke ana hoʻohālikelike ʻana mai ia mea, ua hana hou ʻia kahi kiʻi kiʻi a ua hoʻomaha hou ʻia ka HP-40.
He mōʻaukala maoli ka moʻolelo o ka Black Knives Division. He hoʻohālikelike o ka wiwo ʻole o ka hemahema a me ka makemake i nā uku āpau e pale aku i ko lākou ʻāina a me ko lākou poʻe kānaka mai ka kahakaha ʻana. ʻO nā meaʻatikala makemake e like me kahi pahi ʻeleʻele maoli ka mea ʻaʻole nui loa. A haʻaheo mākou no ka mea ʻo Zlatoust mea kaua e hāʻawi iā mākou i manawa kūpono e hoʻopā ai i ka mōʻaukala hanohano o ko mākou ʻāina.
I waena o nā ʻano mea huna aku ka nui o ka iʻa, kekahi o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia, ʻo ka iʻa, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka "ʻoihana ʻeleʻele". ʻOiai, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo afteronotus, a i loko o nā ʻāina ʻōlelo Pelekane kona inoa ʻo "ghost black". Loaʻa i ka Aquarist me ka ʻike e hoʻolilo i kahi mea hoʻonaninani i nā ʻauʻau aniani. Akā ʻo ka mea hoʻomaka, inā paha, pono e pono ke loaʻa i ka ʻike ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka loaʻa.
No hea mai ʻoe ka apteronotus?
ʻO kēia iʻa iʻa ka home no ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema, kahi i haku ai ʻo ia i nā expanses of Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia - ka luna a me waena waena o Amazon. A i Paraguay aia kahi māleʻele i loaʻa i loko o ka Ponds, e makemake ʻo ia i ka papa palupalu, palupalu a ʻano nui ʻole ʻia hoʻi ma ka wai kai. Pehu nā wai o ia wahi, ua emi loa ko lākou ʻike. No laila, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ʻo afteronotus, akā aia kekahi ala ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻokele - nāwaliwali nāwaliwali nāwaliwali, ke kumu o nā aniani keʻokeʻo e uhi ana i ka huelo. Ke kūlohelohe nei, pale ka ʻeleʻele iā lākou mai ka hoʻouka ʻana a ʻimi i ka meaʻai. Loaʻa ka ateronotus i loko o nā hale ʻai - he iwakāluakūmālua mau makahiki i hala. Akā ua makemake wau e kiʻi i nā mea aloha noʻu.
Kāleka
I ka home "pond" aquarium iʻa "pahi ʻeleʻele" hiki ke lilo i ka hoʻoliina. Pono, hoʻākaha a me nā neʻe palupalu a me ka neʻe ʻana a me ka poʻe i ka poʻe i manaʻo ʻole i ka aquarium. Hoʻoulu ʻo Athertonotus i kanalima kenimika (inā ʻaʻole, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua lawa ka nui). ʻO ka waiho ʻole ʻana o nā unahi i hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻōmole a i ʻole ka lau ʻūlū ʻana. ʻAʻohe ke kua o hope o ka iʻa, akā ke kūhoʻo ka anal ma luna o ka ʻōpū holoʻokoʻa. Mahalo i kēia ʻano, hiki i ka pahi ʻeleʻele ke ʻauʻau i kahi kuhikuhi i koho ʻia, e hoʻoponopono ana i kāna neʻe me nā paikini pectoral. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ka wā e holo ai ka apertonotus ma kona ʻaoʻao. Inā he mau ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma mua o kēlā me nā iʻa kahi e hōʻike ai ke ʻano like ʻole i ke olakino, hiki i ka aquarist ke ʻano he mea maikaʻi ʻole. Akā no nā puʻupuʻu, ʻo ia ʻano hana kaukau ka mea maʻamau.
Hoʻopiha mākou i kahi hoʻoponopono hou
Inā loaʻa i kahi pahi ʻapo i kou nānā, e pōmaikaʻi ana kona mālama ʻana i nā pahu aku nui, ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 150 lita i loko o ka nui. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ka nele o ka wahi e ʻae ai iā ia e ulu nui a hiki i kahi mea hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki ʻia i kona olakino, hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia kāna ʻano pale a ʻano like ʻole iā ia i nā maʻi like ʻole. Pono e mālama i ka mahana ma nā kekona 23, aʻo ia e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā mea hōʻailona ma lalo o 18, ua ʻike ʻoe e nalo ana i kāu holoholona - ʻo ia ka iʻa ma mua, thermophilic. Pono e hoʻololi ʻia ka hapakolu o ka wai i kēlā me kēia pule. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka aku aku me ka mea hoʻoikaika a hoʻomake ʻia hoʻi. ʻO ka "Landscape" i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā pā hale he nui: kahi ʻeleʻele ʻia kahi mea i ka pō, e hū ʻia ana i ka lā, a e lawa ai ka nui o kēia. Aia no ka kukui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu ma lalo o nā wai, no ka mea, ʻo ka hana o nā apertonotus wale nō ia i ka pō, akā maikaʻi ʻole kona hihiʻo. He mea kūpono ke mālama pono i ka uhi o ka aniani ma luna o ka haleʻaʻa: aia kekahi mau hihia i ka wā e lele ka ʻāleʻele i waho o ka wai.
Na wai e ʻae i ka hoalauna
Ma ke kumu, ua ʻeleʻele ka pahi - ke maluhia ka iʻa a me ke kū ʻole ʻole. Hōʻike wale nā ʻike i waena o nā kāne o kahi ʻano i loko o nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa teritorial. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka mea i kau ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻopili ʻia nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e like me ka neons a me nā guppies i nā apertonotuses: e ʻai lākou. I nā mākaʻi hoalauna ʻē aʻe nui ʻole ka nānā ʻole. Akā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻo ka ʻole e ʻae i ka lawaiʻa i ka neʻe ʻana - no ka laʻana, he mauʻu pōpoki - i loko o ka hale akuola me lākou. He hilahila nā Athertonotuses, a mai ke neʻe ʻana ka neʻe e hiki ke loaʻa i kahi kaumaha. Eia kekahi, hiki i kēia mau hoalauna ke kīpī i nā ʻūpī o nā ʻūpī o nā ʻeleʻele.
E pili ana i ke olakino
No ka mea, ʻaʻole a pau nā paila, ʻoi loa ka paʻakikī o ka ichthyophthyroidism. He paʻakikī ka mālama ʻia e ka hōʻiliʻili ʻo hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e loaʻa ana i ka zinc, no laila ke kūʻai aku nei i nā lāʻau e pono e heluhelu pono i ka mea i loko o ko lākou ʻano. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi:
- mau kapuwai liʻiliʻi ma ka hapalua o ka milimita i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa ka ʻāpana. ʻO ka Aquarist ke kapa ʻana i kēlā me kēia semolina rash,
- pālua a paʻa ʻole paha i nā pua - ke pālahalaha a hōʻailona, ke hōʻike nei ua hele loa ke kaʻina. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia mau ʻano ka ʻano nui o nā maʻi ʻē aʻe,
- ka ʻaū kino. E nānā pū ʻia ai nā maʻi like ʻole.
ʻO Ichthyophthyroidism i nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe e mālama pinepine ʻia e ka paʻakai ʻana i ka wai ma loko o ka wai aku. Akā e make paha ka pahi ʻeleʻele mai ia mau hana. Inā makemake ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā huahana proprietary. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e ka nui - he nui ia a ʻaʻole pōʻino i nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole hoʻopiʻi i ka biofiltration, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe pololei i loko o ka wai aquarium. ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe maʻamau no ka mālama ʻana i ka ichthyophthyroidism ʻo 0,09 mg / l. Eia nō naʻe, i hāʻawi ʻole ʻia o nā unahi i nā apertonotuses, pono e hoʻemi ʻia i ka 0,04 mg / L. Hoʻohui ʻia ka huahana i ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā, ma mua o kēlā me kēia hoʻolaha i ka hapahā o ka wai i loko o ka "wai" loli, a hana ʻia a hiki i ka "semolina" a me ʻelua mau lā ma hope o kēlā.
ʻIli pūlea ʻeleʻele
ʻO ka ʻoononotus he iʻa ʻano viviparous. Paʻakikī loa ka hoka ʻana ma ka home a paʻakikī paha kūleʻa. Akā, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo. No ka hana ʻana i ka mea i kau ʻia ma ke kihi kikowaena me ka nui o 100 lita, pono e paʻa ka mahana o ka wai i 25 mau degere. I ka manawa like, pono mau ʻoe e hoʻohui i kahi wai maʻemaʻe liʻiliʻi - ʻo ia kahi imike o ka ua nui. Hoʻohui ʻia, e hāʻawi i kahi wai wai i waiho ai ka caviar. I ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻe, lawe ʻia nā mākua mai ke kolu. Ma hope o nā lā 2-3, ʻo ka hatch pīpī. I kēia manawa āpau, pono ʻoe e nānā i ke kūlana ma ka aquarium a hoʻoiho i nā hua make.
Pēlā no ia i hiki ke komo pū me ka helu o ka lā hānau, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka hoʻopau ʻia. Ma hope o kekahi manaʻo, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e kūʻai i kahi pahi me ka pahi mai S35VN. Ua nānā ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka pahi kaua, akā ke hele nei i loko o ka hale ʻike ua ʻike au ma laila a ʻaʻole ke kumu o ka loiloi o kēia lā i kauoha iā ia. Ua hana ʻia ka lua o ka ho'āʻo ʻana i ʻelua mau lā ma hope mai a i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe mea e pale iaʻu mai ke kauoha ʻana i kahi pahi e lōʻihi loa ana koʻu manaʻo. No laila ke hui nei - "Pōʻele" mai Green Thorn.
ʻOiai ʻo ka pahi ua maopopo ʻaʻole ia ke kumu kumu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā haku Kina, ma hope o ka kauoha ua hoʻoholo wau e ʻimi i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka prototype.
ʻIke e pili ana i ka mea kumu
ʻO ka pahi, he hana hui like ia o Dmitry Sinkevich lāua ʻo Sergey Shirorogorov. ʻAʻole nui ka ʻike e pili ana iā ia, e hoʻoponopono ana i ka palena palena o 100 ʻāpana. Hele mai kekahi me nā poli karbon, ʻo kekahi me nā paila G10. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana e - mahele ʻāpana o nā pahi ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia me ka hope, ʻāpana - a ʻole.
ʻAe, hāʻawi iā mākou i mau ʻano o ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mea maoli.
Kahi ka loa 89 mm.
- ka wī mai ATS-34 (satin), nā hoe a me nā spacer mai G10,
- ka wī mai S30V (satin), nā hoe a me nā māla mai G10,
- lālani mai S90V (kahiʻalapa), nā kala wili, nā ʻahu paʻa titanium.
Nā make mai ka titanium (mālama ʻia), ke kolamu titanium ma nā hae.
Ke hoʻolaha aku nei ka mea kūʻai aku i kēia mau kikoʻī penei:
Kahu lōʻihi: 213 mm
Kahiahi wana: 90 mm
Nā Kiʻi Hipi: 123 mm
Kuhi wākaha: 4 mm
Laulā pihi: 30mm
Hoʻopau ʻaʻa: Kaʻai ʻana
ʻŌnaehana: ʻōnaehana ʻelua laina ʻōwili pololi
ʻĀʻāwili: 59-60HRC
Kaumaha Paʻa: 138g
Nahu Pahu: S35VN (100% mau S35VN pono, hiki ke nānā ʻia)
Mea Hana Hana: Kāleka Uila
Meaʻopeu: nā leona hanohano ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi
Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, kūpono nā ʻae i kahi i haʻi ʻia a kokoke paha iā lākou, kahi pālahalaha liʻiliʻi hiki ke kiʻi ʻia mai i ka pololei ʻole o nā ana ana a me ka hewa o nā kaupaona.
Inā ʻaʻole ko ka "kime lima hona no ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe" i kekahi manawa o ka nānā maʻamau. Hoʻomaopopo nui ʻia kēia e ka ʻili o kahi cheburashka kūloko me kahi ʻanā, me ka mea ʻoki ʻia mai loko aʻe.
ʻO nā mea ʻoliʻulu ʻia ua hōʻuluʻulu wale ʻia ʻia ʻAʻole 0.3 i ka papaʻa, akā ke manaʻo nui loa wau.
Pono e ʻōlelo wau he palaka ka paʻa. Ma kēia ʻaoʻao, hāʻawi kēia i ka ʻoluʻolu o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ma ka ʻaoʻao - ma ke ʻeke ka palpable.
Ma muli o nā kiʻi i loaʻa, pono wau e ʻōlelo ʻo ka Kina i hoʻopili hou "Dark" i loko o ka flipper kiʻi.
Hoʻomaka
ʻO nā bonus āpau ma waena o nā liners i ke kumu hao, ua hoʻohaku ʻia. Hoʻopili maʻalahi ʻo Satin ma ka lehelehe, ma ka ʻili ponoʻī wale nō ke kākau inoa ʻana ʻo ka grade kila S35VN. The clip is titanium, dull matte, not backranged. Noho nui i ka ʻōpū, ʻoiai ʻo ka pahi ʻaʻole i hūnā piha iā ia i loko o ka ʻeke. Hāʻawi aku nā lako i ka lōʻihi o ke koʻi o ka pahi, ka mea ʻōwili kahi simmmika. E kū pololei ana ka ʻū i waena o ka mea, a inā paʻa ʻole ka axial, ʻaʻole e holo kahi ʻili i kahi o ke kikowaena, e hōʻike ana i nā wahi kūpono o kēia mākaki. Ua liʻiliʻi ka hope. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka peni i ka pale ʻana i ka pahu maʻamau o ka pahi. Mālamalama ka flip, akā pololei, akā "kulu" ka mea, ʻaʻohe mea e like me ka "hapa-kaula". Akā ma ka hopena, maikaʻi ka heleʻana o ka halihali.
Clip, pau a oi
Ua pālahalaha ʻia ka paʻa o ke kūleʻa a noho maikaʻi loa ka pahi ma ka lima, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia ana i loko o ka peke no kēia. Aia nā hiʻohiʻona a pau chamfers ma ka lima, ʻaʻole e moku kahi ma kahi āpau. ʻAʻole hoʻi ka laulea i hoʻopili iki. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, e helu au i ka ergonomics o ka pahi ma waena o "maikaʻi" a "maikaʻi loa". Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke wehe ʻia me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pīpī, akā ke ʻano hoʻi i ke kūpono, a heʻuʻuku paha hoʻi i loko o kāu pihi, no laila, ʻaʻole i hiki i 100% "maikaʻi".
ʻO kekahi mau kiʻi hou i ke kiʻi o kahi pahi ma kona lima
.
No ka wehe i ke kīwī, pono mākou i 8 a 6 mau mokuā a me kahi kīʻaha liʻiliʻi lahilahi, kahi aʻu i kūleʻa ai me ka pūʻali triangular. Hoʻopiʻi wau i ka mea kumu i ke axial ʻo ia ka Torx maʻamau. ʻO nā paila i hoʻohana maoli ʻia e wehe i ke kūleʻa i ke kiʻi.
No ka lawelawe i ka pahi, ʻaʻole pono ia e hoʻokaʻawale loa ia mea, lawa ia e kāpae i ka pānaʻi. Hoʻopau nā pale a me ke kiʻi ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i 8 mau ʻalā, nā lei no ka clip no ka titanium end-to-end, pili pū ʻia i ka pā, nā puʻupuʻu e paʻa ana i ka pīpī ma luna o ka liner.
Ma kekahi o nā alahaka, ua ʻili ʻia kahi recess lock liner.
Kūpono ka ʻano ʻana o nā liners mai loko mai, akā i ka holoʻokoʻa a mai ke ʻano ke nānā pono nei lākou. I mea e pale aku ai i ke kahe ʻana i ka titanium, kahi e kau ana kahi mea hao ma waena o ka liner a me ka halihali, kahi i koho ʻia ai ka papaʻa.
Nāʻaila lahilahi
2 mm. Ke hōʻuluʻulu nei, ʻike hou nā hana i nā ʻāpana. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻāpana a inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa pololei ʻia ka ʻāpana, a laila ʻaʻole komo ka huki. Hoʻomaopopo nui ʻia kēia ma ka hālāwai axial a hiki i ka hoʻokau ʻana mai i ka pahu i kahi.
Hoʻomaka wau e hoʻomākaukau i ka mea no ka loiloi ʻana ma kēia pahi me ka manawa like me ka loiloi ʻana i ka "loaʻa", no laila ua hana ʻo ia i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻaina kakahiaka like.
ʻO ka moʻa a me ka ham ua lawa ka lōʻihi o ka ʻula. ʻO ka ʻoki hoʻi ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana me ka pilikia ole, ʻaʻohe mea e hoʻōmū i ka ʻili
Koki ʻia ke kālaʻai me ka ʻole aʻe ʻole paha, ʻaʻole like me ka "hapalua koʻikoʻi"
Hoʻopili maikaʻi loa nā greens. A ma hope wale nō o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā lauala, ʻike wau i ke ʻano o ka pale o kēia pahi e hoʻomanaʻo mai ana iaʻu - ua hele mai kekahi mau mea kīlou me kahi ʻāpana i like ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao
ʻO ka mea maoli, ʻaʻole like ia me ka mea i pau i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka "E maʻalahi", ʻo ia nō ia :)
Akā no ka mea i kākau ʻia ai kēia loiloi ma hope, i kēia manawa hiki iā ia ke hoʻāo i kahi pahi ma ka momona mai ka pahu manuahi - ka sieves mālie a hilinaʻi hoʻi, me nā ʻāpana o kēlā
ʻO ka iʻa momona (puaʻa, ham) ʻoki loa.
ʻOiai ka beekeeper, kahi aʻu e hoʻohana mau ai no ka ʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi.
ʻĀ, i ka hiki ʻana aku i ka ʻai, hana wau i kahi mea liʻiliʻi
Ma kahi lāʻau ʻoak, hoʻāʻo wau i ka pahi i ka manawa like me ka "semi-koi", akā i kēlā manawa ua huki wau hoʻi i kahi pū mākaʻi. ʻAʻole wau e ʻōlelo aku he ʻokiʻoki loa kēia, akā me ka hilinaʻi a mālie. Mai uapo i kou lima ma nā wahi a pau. I ka ʻole ʻana o kahi nūpepa, a i ʻole ka pepa keʻena ma ka lima, ua ʻokiʻoki au i kahi ʻāpana pepa no nā leka, ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia i ka hapa i hoʻokahi manawa. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana mea i hana, ʻo ka pahi no ka wā āpau i kū ʻole ʻia a ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia.
Ma kahi pālahalaha, e hōʻoki mālie ana, ma ka piko - hoʻomaka ia e waimaka.
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, hiki iaʻu ke haʻi i ka pahi e makemake a me ka mea hana a kūpono hoʻi i nā ʻāpana. Eia hou, hāʻawi ka ʻāpana titanium a me ka pani o ke kalaka i kekahi + i ka hauʻoli o ka ʻona. ʻO ka mea o ke aniani (ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hiki ke nānā aku) he ʻano ʻiʻo nō ka manaʻoʻiʻo i ka mea hana, akā ʻike ʻia ka maikaʻi ʻo GreenThorn. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ʻole ke koi ʻana o ka māla, akā e huki ana nō ia e hoʻoʻo i kēia pahi, a ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, makemake wau e hoʻāʻo me ia, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā ʻoe e hōʻino ʻoe, e ʻoluʻolu loa ia :). He mea kūpono paha ke kau ʻana o $ 120 + ma kēia pahi? ʻO kaʻu wale nō makemake wau i ka S35VN + titanium + carbon (e like me koʻu makemake, e laʻa) no ka mea, he pono, ʻike ʻia e hāʻawi ʻia ana nā mea hoʻohana hou he mau "$ 10 mai $ 100" ka kupona (loaʻa iaʻu kahi pala, i hoʻohana wau i $ coupon + micro-Diskun mai ka noi aku). Ma lalo o ka mea molaki, nā loulou i ka ʻoi aku ka helu waihona kālā o nā replicas o ka Mea Mana, malia paha i ka wā e hiki mai ana noʻu e lawe nā mea ponoʻī, a me ka G10.
ʻO ka ʻili Knife a i ʻole nā ʻāpana apronotus kekahi lālā o ka ʻohana aperonototic, mai ka ʻāhai ʻana i ka wai o ʻAmelika Hema. He nui nā inoa o ka iʻa, ma waena o ka "aliʻi ʻeleʻele" a me "kākāʻeleʻele" ka mea kaulana. A ʻoi aʻe o ka helehelena ʻeleʻele nui, aia nō hoʻi ke ʻano o nā pahi mai ka ʻohana nonahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "ʻili pahi India", "ʻoi ke alo maka" a i ʻole "ornata hitala". He ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole ka iʻa a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā cichlids, hiki ke ʻike i ka mea nona ka mea ʻūlū me ia. ʻ sayslelo ʻia e kahi moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi maikaʻi e pili ana nā ʻuhane o nā koa i make i loko o kēia mau iʻa.
ʻO ka wehewehe waho
Hoʻohāli ʻia ka māno ʻōniki i ke kala ʻeleʻele maikaʻi me kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o ka huelo a me kahi wahi keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi o ka maka. Hoʻohālikelike ka ʻano like o ke kino me ka lanceolate, me ka hoʻohui ʻokoʻa ʻana o nā hala. ʻAʻohe wahi i ka dorsal o ka iʻa, akā ka palena o ka anal anal i ka hapa ma lalo o ke kino a i hele maikaʻi i ka moni caudal. Kuhi ʻia hoʻi ka ʻōnaehana kino ʻokoʻa e ka wahi o ka wehe ʻana o ka genital, aia kahi kokoke ma ka waha. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kāne mai ka wahine ma ka wu a i ke kua, ma ke kua ʻula a me ka nui o ka ʻōpū. I ke kūlohelohe, hiki i ka iʻa ke ulu a hiki i ka 1 mika a loaʻa ka paona o 10 kg, akā ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka loko aku o kona nui ʻaʻole e piʻi ka 30 cm.
E alakaʻi ana ka iʻa ʻeleʻele i ka ola pō a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka mea kū ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke ʻano hana uila i hiki i 7 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka heleʻana o nā mea ʻona uila e loaʻa ai i nā pahi ke loaʻa i nā mea ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi loa o ka hana. ʻOiai ke kūlohelohe kino, hiki i ka pahi iʻa ka hiki ʻole ke neʻe i mua a i mua, kū a kū ana paha i kona kua.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka pahi Indian i ka hina hina, he wahi kiʻekiʻe ke kino a me kahi hiu ma ke kua. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua aia nā laina i kau ʻia e kahi palena keʻokeʻo ma ke ʻano o nā maka. He puka dorsal liʻiliʻi kēia ʻano holoholona, like me ka hulu manu, no ka mea i kapa ʻia lākou he "spinopers". Pihi aku ka piʻi India a hiki i 50 cm i loko o ka pio ʻana, hiki i puberty e 3 mau makahiki a ola a 15 mau makahiki.
Kahu pule, pono ʻoe e hoʻololi i ka wai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻoponopono ʻia, me ka mālama ʻana i ke kūpono o ka kānana kūpono. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i kahi kānana peat a hoʻokumu i kahi aeration ikaika. Hoʻopili, no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopiʻi i ka aquarium me kahi kānana o waho me ka mea hoʻomehana ultraviolet, no ka mea, ʻo ka ʻai protein a me ka pau ʻole i ka wai hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana o ka wai. ʻO ka pahi ʻeleʻele i maʻalahi i ka maʻi ichthyophthyroidism, i ka mālama ʻana i ka mea e pono ai ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka zinc.
Kūpono ka pahi ʻo Hitala no ka poʻe aquarist i mākaukau, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka lāʻau o ka iʻa i nā kūlana hou, a he paʻakikī ke ʻae i ka halihali a hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana wai. Pono nā ʻĀina i ka hau iā ʻoe i nā ea, no laila e ʻauʻau i ka wai o ka wai e hanu i ka ea mai ka manawa i ka manawa. I ke ao, hiki i ka iʻa ke hūnā ma kahi malu, a ma ka pō ke kūkulu nei a hele pū ka hopu.
HE OLELO MAIKA
ʻO ka ʻōlelo ʻōlele ʻōpiopio i wehewehe mua ʻia e Karl Line i ka makahiki 1766. Noho ia ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma ka Amazon a me kāna mau alakaʻi. ʻO White-apertonotus ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo kekahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, a ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekane ʻekele Knifefish ʻo ia ka iʻa ʻōʻino ʻili.
ʻO ke kūlohelohe, noho i nā wahi me kahi haʻahaʻa o ke aniani a me kahi pākaha one, ka neʻe ʻana i loko o nā pulu kahe i ka wā o ka ua. E like me ka hapa o nā iʻa o kāna ʻano, makemake ʻo ia i nā wahi ākea me nā wahi he nui. Ma Amazon, ua wahi ʻole nā wahi i noho ai ka aptronotus a he hiʻona maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi. No ka hoʻopihapiha no ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻike, nā paʻakai-keʻokeʻo e hana i kahi kīwī palupalu palupalu a puni iā ia, me ke kōkua o ia e kaohi ai i ka neʻe a me nā mea. Mālama ke kula lāʻau i ka huli a hoʻokele, akā ʻo ka hoʻohui pū me ke kōkua uila, ua kamaʻilio pū ka apertonotus me kāna ʻano like ʻole. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele nā mea pana nocturnal e hōʻuluʻulu nei i nā muliwai no nā iniseti, 'aiʻole, nā kolo, a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.
Pehea ke ʻano ʻo kahi pahi iʻa?
Hana ʻia ka ateriki atheronotus i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mau makahiki. ʻO kēia mau iʻa i ke ʻano o ke ʻano kula, kahi ʻokoʻa ka wahine a me ka mau kāne ʻelua. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia ka spawning i ke kakahiaka ma lalo o kahi kahawai wai. Ma muli o ke kaʻina, e waiho ka wahine i kahi o 500 nāwaliwali ikaika nui i nā hua melemele keʻokeʻo, a laila hoʻohemo i kahi kāne. Hoʻomaka ke ʻano o nā ʻōhule ma hope o kekahi mau lā, a ma hope o nā lā 5-6, hiki i ka iʻa liʻiliʻi ke ʻauʻau kūʻokoʻa ke ʻole e ʻai i ka plankton.
Hiki ke mālama ʻia i nā kaana like ʻole
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pahi iʻa me ka maluhia nui, he ʻokoʻa ʻole loa ia i nā mea i loko o ka ʻona. ʻAʻole ia e ʻai i nā mollusks, e like me ka hana ʻana o ka astronotuses, no ka mea laʻa, ʻaʻole lākou e luku loa i nā algae e like me nā kalapu. He kūpono lākou no kahi ʻoihana me ka iʻa aku nui no ka mea ʻai nui i nā mea kanu lāʻau a me nā mea ʻopi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā kai komo. E hoʻomaopopo no ka poʻe liʻiliʻi o nā mea i loko o ka wai kaona, hiki ke kuhi hewa i ka ʻai, hiki ke make i ka wā i mālama ʻia ai i ka "loko" me nā iʻa-iʻa. ʻO ka mea mua, nā ʻona liʻiliʻi, nā goupias liʻiliʻi, a ua hōʻeha ka poʻe pahi kaua. I ka wā e ulu ai lākou, lilo lākou i "hoaaloha", ʻo ka mea nui ʻaʻole e hoʻopihapiha i ka pīpī i nā "pahi kaua".
ʻO Angelfish, discus, clowns a me nā iʻa like like ʻole e lilo no cohabitants kūpono no ka "pahi". I mea e hoʻomohala aku ai i ka pālahalaha o nā specimens ma ka aquarium i mea maikaʻi loa ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pākī i nā iʻa e noho ana i ka kolola wai iā lākou, a hoʻokomo i nā paila plastik no nā pahi. E kiʻi lākou iā lākou a mālie.
ʻO nā cohabitants maikaʻi loa
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike o ka pahi pahi a me ka astronotus ua aneane loa. ʻO kā lākou mau lōʻihi a me nā lau palu e hoʻonāukiuki wale i nā hōkele i kuʻi mau iā lākou. ʻAʻole lākou i ʻai i ka iʻa iho, akā hiki iā lākou ke hōʻino nui i ka nānā aku - e hoʻopili mau ʻia nā ipala. Hoʻohui ʻia kēia i nā mea kānalua, e makemake pū e hoʻopiha ʻia e nā pua.
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau kīlea ʻeleʻele i loko o ka pahu aku, a laila pono ʻoe e hōʻoia i kēlā me kēia i kā lākou pākana ponoʻī ma nā kihi o nā kuʻikuʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke komo i ke kaua no ka palena. ʻO ka wahi hoʻomaha no ka ʻelua e hoʻoulu mau i nā ʻōiwi, ma muli o ka iʻa e ʻike ai ka iʻa. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻomaka wale i hoʻokahi iʻa i kēlā me ka iʻa a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi no kēlā me kēia 150 lita wai. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma kahi loko wai no ka 450 ka nui o nā pahu "ʻaʻole".
Pehea e hānai ai i ka iʻa?
Hoʻokomo pinepine ka iʻa i ka iʻa i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala a me nā kolo, akā ʻo ka mea nui ka mea makemake i ka meaʻai ola. No ka leʻaleʻa i kā lākou mau holoholona, loaʻa i nā mea nona ka pāla, nā mea inikini, me ka palu. Hiki ke mālama ʻia me kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻole e mālama ʻia me ka meaʻai kūlohelohe. E hānai i kēia iʻa i ke ahiahi, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kā lākou manawa ikaika.
Iʻa ʻoi
ʻAi ʻai a me ka meaʻai: ʻO ka ateronotus keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a he, ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hānai nui i nā hua lāʻau pepeke a me ka iʻa o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. Ma ka home, ma ke kumu, ʻaʻohe mea e loli ai, ʻoliʻoli lākou i ka ʻai a me ka ʻai i ʻai ʻia - nā kahe koko, nā tubule, mai hōʻole i ka ʻai ʻana i nā iʻa a me ka palau, a ʻo ka maʻa mau ʻole lākou e pau i ka manawa e ʻaina ai me ka iʻa me ka iʻa. No laila, e makaʻala ʻoe i ka wā e hānai ana i kāu mau holoholona akuʻo, ʻaʻole e waiho i ka pī i loko o ka pākona nui, inā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai i ka pāʻina. He mea paʻakikī loa ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻai maloʻo a me nā hili. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hānai i nā pahi ʻeleʻele ma mua o ka huli ʻana i ka kukui o aquarium, a i hope hoʻi i ka hemo ʻana i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā. Ke pōʻino loa ʻana ka lawaiʻa no ka iʻa ma muli o ke ʻano o nā hana o nā iʻa. Hiki i kahi kīʻaha o ka ʻōpū ke alakaʻi i kona make, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka nāʻa ʻana ʻole i ka mea hoʻolalopele, a ma kāu kīwaha, i kekahi mea e loaʻa ai kahi mea ʻai. Ke ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Afteronotus i nā loli i nā mahina electromagnetic i hoʻoponopono ʻia e nā mea hoʻokipa kūikawā e kū ana ma ka lōʻihi o ke kino.
E hānai ana i ka iʻa akuarium pono kūpono: kūpono, ʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia kānāwai nui ka mea nui i ka mālama pono ʻana o kekahi iʻa, e guppies a i ʻole astronotuses. Kumuhana "Pehea a pehea lā e hānai ai i ka iʻa akuarium" ua kamaʻilio e pili ana i kēia ma ka kikoʻī, ka hōʻike ʻana i nā lula i ka maʻamau o ka meaʻai a me ka noho ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa.
I loko o kēiaʻatikala, ʻike mākou i ka mea nui loa - ka hānai ʻana i ka iʻa e pono ai me ka monotonous, ʻelua mau ʻāina maloʻo a ola ʻole e komo i loko o ka ʻaina. Eia kekahi, pono e noʻonoʻo i nā makemake o ka gastronomic o kekahi iʻa kūikawā, a ke hilinaʻi nei i kēia mea, e hoʻopili i kāna kīʻai ʻana me ka ʻike o ka pūmole kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā wīwī me nā mea kanu.
Loaʻa a kaulana maikaʻi a me ka iʻa no ka iʻa, ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mau ʻāina maloʻo. No ka laʻana, kēlā me kēia hola a i kēlā me kēia wahi āu e loaʻa ai ma nā pale aku i ka hale o ka aquarium ka ʻona o ka hui ʻo Tetra - ke alakaʻi o ka mākeke Lūkini, ʻoiaʻiʻo ka pīhoihoi o ka ʻaka o kēia ʻoihana. ʻO ka "arsen gastronomic" a Tetra he mau mea ʻai no kēlā me kēia ʻano iʻa: no ke gula, no cichlids, no loricaria, guppies, labyrinths, arovans, discus, etc. Hoʻoulu ʻo Tetra i nā mea hoʻomohala kūikawā, no ka laʻana, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kala, paʻa a ʻole e hānai i ka palaoa. ʻO nā ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i nā lako a pau o Tetra, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ma ka pūnaewele kūmole o ka hui - iiiai.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo, i ka wā e kūʻai i kekahi meaʻai maloʻo, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i ka lā o kāna hana a me ka noho ʻana, a laila e hoʻāʻo ʻole e kūʻai i ka meaʻai ma ka paona, a mālama pū i ka meaʻai i loko o kahi kīkē - e kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻole o ka holomua o ka maʻi flora i loko.
Ke ola kūlohelohe nei: Mai nā ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele mai ʻAmelika Hema, noho i ka kahe nalo ʻana, hoʻopulu wai, nā ʻōpū o nā wahi hohonu a me waena o ka puna ʻo Amazon - Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia a me Paraguay, ka muliwai Parana. ʻO ka nui o ka iʻa a hiki i ka 50 cm.
ʻO ka male a me nā ʻano hana iʻa o ka iʻa ʻeleʻele: Ateronotus keʻokeʻo - he paʻakikī loa ka iʻa e pua. Loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo mua i Leningrad i ka makahiki 1990. E hiki ana i kona wā ulu i ka makahiki 1-1.5 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole kokoke i nā hiʻohiʻona ka pili ʻana i ka moekolohe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine me ka ʻōpū pihi a ʻoi loa, i nā kāne kāne i mua o nā kaona momona ma ke poʻo. ʻO ka pīpī i hoʻihoʻi ʻia me kahi nui o nā kāne, no ka mea, ua lawe ʻia aku kēia aquarium spawning he 100 lita. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka spawning e ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pae o ka wai, ukali ʻia e ka piʻi ʻana o ka wai hoʻopihapiha, ka hoʻopihapiha ʻana i ka ua, ka nui o ka wai o 25-26 ° C, ua palupalu ka kukui. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻokomo i nā kahawai wai e hoʻokumu i kahi kahe wai ikaika, ka maʻamau o ka spawning i ke kakahiaka i kona kahe. Pono ka saturated me ka oxygen i ka wai ma ka incubator. ʻAno ka wahine i ʻono a 500 paha melemele nui, he pēpē hua. Ma hope o ka hakilo, ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea hana aku e kanu, inā ʻole e ʻai ʻia nā hua, hoʻopau ʻia ka manawa inkubation a hiki i 96 hola. Hōʻike ʻia ka Fry hiki iā ia ke ʻauʻau a ʻai i ka zooplankton. Me ka mālama pono a me ka hānai, e ulu wikiwiki ana nā wai a me ke ʻano o hoʻokahi mahina e 5 cm a lawe i ke ʻano a me ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā iʻa pākeke.
E hui pū me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe
ʻO ka malu ka iʻa ʻeleʻele a maluhia kekahi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka hale kūlohelohe. E like me nā hoalauna, ʻaʻohe-predatory, ʻano nui i kanu ʻia no lākou. Hiki i kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi (no ka laʻana, nā guppies a i ʻole nāona neon) hiki ke hopu i kahi pahi no ka meaʻai a hoʻokomo i lākou. Eia naʻe, me nā kanaka makua, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i hoaaloha, no laila, ʻaʻole kiko nā moa. Ma kahi ʻoihana maikaʻi loa no nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele, nā scalars, nā iʻa clown, a me nā discus he kūpono.
Loaʻa nā hoʻololi
Pehea e hoʻoholo ai i ka male o Proteus apteronotus? He mea paʻakikī loa ka hana ʻana i kēia mea, no ka mea ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia kā lākou mau ʻano. Eia naʻe, ua liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine i ka hapa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka lua e loaʻa kahi cone momona ma kona poʻo.
Nā maʻi
Ke kūʻai nei i kahi holoholona wai kūpaʻa - kahi pahi ʻeleʻele, hopohopo nā poʻe nona nā hope e pili ana i ke nīnau o ke ʻano o ko lākou noho ʻana. Inā hāʻawi ka iʻa i ka mālama maikaʻi, nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka mālama, hiki iā lākou ke ola a hiki i 12 mau makahiki.
Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole loaʻa nā iʻa ʻili, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā maʻi like ʻole i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻopau i kona ola. ʻO ke kumu, ua maʻi ka pahi a ka iʻa me ka ichthyophthyroidism. Hōʻike kēia iā ia iho i ke ʻano o kekahi mau hōʻailona:
- ke ʻano o ke keʻokeʻo, ʻōpiopio ulaula, me ke anawaena o 0.5-1.5 mm, ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻihi ma ka semolina.
- polu a i ʻole nā palaka paha, hōʻike kēia hōʻailona i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi ma kekahi o nā hana hope. Eia nō naʻe, he hōʻailona kēia no nā maʻi ʻē aʻe,
- kahi kino pipi kekahi hōʻailona hoʻi i nā maʻi he nui.
No ke kōkua ʻana i ka iʻa i hoʻolaʻa, hoʻohui ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka paʻakai i ka wai aquarium, a i ʻole ka iʻa ʻia iʻa ʻia e waiho ʻia i loko o ka wai me ka paʻakai ʻo ka paʻakai. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole ia e kau ma mua, ʻo ka mea nui i ka paʻakai e hiki ai ke make o ka iʻa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻōla i ka iʻa. Akā he mea kūpono e hoʻomanaʻo i ka iʻa ua ʻokiʻoki i ka zinc intolerance, aia i loaʻa i nā lāʻau he nui. No laila, i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lāʻau, pono ʻoe e heluhelu pono i ka ʻano. Ma hope koke o hiki i ka maʻi ʻootonus ke ola hou ma hope o kahi maʻi.
Kōkua ʻo "Malachite" me kēia maʻi, kahi i mālama ʻia ʻole i ka mea kanu o ka mea hoʻomana a me nā mea noho ona. ʻO ka nui o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ke helu ʻia nei penei: 0.09 mg no 1 lita o ka wai. Pono e hoʻohui ʻia kēia hoʻonā wai i ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā, ma mua o ka hana o 25% o ka nui o ka nui o ka wai e pono e hoʻololi ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau a hiki i ka ʻochthyophthyroidism e hoʻōla, a ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ʻelua lā.