Kūpono me nā kua o nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā pou gula, ke noho nei ma kahi āpau, e huli pinepine ʻia nā ʻōpala o ka ʻāina. ʻO wai lākou? He nui nā inoa ko lākou: he mau nāhelehele, nā palaka, nā māla ʻāina lawaiʻa. Lawe mai kekahi i nā pono i ka māla me ka poʻe māla, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi e makaʻu iā lākou no ka palekana o ka hua. ʻO wai kekahi o nā pīpī lepo e pōʻino ai nā mea kanu a pono hoʻi e pōmaikaʻi?
Kupaa honua - he aha ke ʻano o ka kui a he aha kona ʻano?
ʻO ka pīpī manu kekahi o nā ʻohana nui loa i ka honua o ka manu. Helu ʻia ia mai 25,000 a 50,000 mau ʻano, e like me nā ʻano kumuwaiwai. Nui nā kenekulia a me nā subspecies o nā pepeke nani. Ma ko mākou ʻāina, aia ma kahi o 3,000 o nā ʻano genus Carabidae (inoa Latin).
ʻOkoʻa nā ka hiʻohiʻona o nā nā mea kūlike i nā subspecies. Hōʻike ke kiʻi i ʻekolu ʻano o nā pepeke: Crimean (ground beetle violet), ke gula a ʻo ka mea nui i ko mākou ʻāina - Kaukaia.
Ma waho aʻe o ke kala, he paʻakikī nā ʻano o nā pīpī no ka mea ʻike ʻole ʻia no ka mea ʻike ʻole. I mea e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā ʻelele o nā moʻomeheu genus mai nā inisua maʻamau, lawa ia e ʻike i kekahi mau hōʻailona kumu:
- pīpī nui - a hiki i 10 cm,
- ʻeleʻele nā ʻōuli me he sheall metallic,
- ke poʻo alo i ʻike maka ʻia me nā ʻami nui,
- he ʻūpiki nā wāwae, lōʻihi, aʻaelike ʻia i ke holo ʻana,
- lōʻihi antennae me nā ʻāpana maopopo.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka pīpī lepo?
He nui ka noho ʻana o nā iniseti - mai nā mokupuni a i loaʻa i nā ana hohonu hohonu. Ma muli o ka nui o nā subspecies, ke kahele ʻia nei nā mauʻa a puni ka honua. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke ola me ka mālama ʻole ʻana o ka wai a i ʻole nā lūlū sub-zero.
Ma Lūkia, noho nā pīpī ma kahi ʻāina. ʻOi aku ka makemake i nā papa o luna o ka ʻāina, ma ka nui o nā papa māla a me nā mahina. Aia nā ʻano e noho ana ma nā lāʻau. I nā wahi kuahiwi, makemake nā holoholona hūʻai i nā ana a me nā puʻupuʻu.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻOi aku paha ma mua o 40 tausani mau ʻanoʻano o kēia popona i ka honua. Ma Lūkia heʻoi aku iʻoi aku o ʻekolu mau ʻano. Aia lākou i ka like me nā mea like ʻole, akā he mau ʻokoʻa nui i waena o lākou iho: ma ke kala, ka laulima, ke hele wale nei i nā hiʻohiʻona.
E like me ke kānāwai, heʻeleʻele ke kala o nā pīpī, me nā paona ʻono metala. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia i ka lā. Aia ka'ōmaʻomaʻo haʻahaʻa, he uliuli, uliuli, gula. ʻOiʻulaʻula kaʻulaʻula a me kaʻulaʻula.
Inā ʻoe e nānā ākea i ka laikahi metallic, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike he nui ia o nā ʻōpala lahilahi. Hiki ke pilikia i ka mea ʻike ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pīpī i kēlā me kēia, akā he mau helu wehewehe maʻalahi e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i ka nīnē o ka ʻōpala o nā kolo manuahi mai nā inikua maʻamau.
- pīpī ʻeleʻele - kahi inikini nui, hiki i nā ʻāpana hoʻokahi ke hele i ʻumi kenimita ma ka lōʻihi, ʻokoʻa ke kino,
- me kahi palapala kikoʻī o ke kino o ka manuahi, ʻike maopopo iā ʻoe i ke poʻo, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻana mai ke kino e ka wahi cervical cervical, a me nā puʻupuʻu nui.
- He lōʻihi nā wāwae o ka pīpī, me nā māhele he nui, kūpono nā wāwae i ke holo ʻana ma nā wahi like ʻole, no laila ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hopu i kahi pepeke,
- lōʻihi, protruding i kekahi mau kenimika ma mua o ka ʻōpala mua, i uhi ʻia me nā bristles, mustache lawelawe i ka ʻōʻā poloka ʻāina.
- Lako ʻia nā wāwae mua i kahi ʻano kīwī e lawelawe nei ma ke ʻano hehi manuahi maʻemaʻe no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻāpana.
Pūleʻa palupalu aia nā ʻēheu ikaika, ka nui o ka mea e hilinaʻi ana i ka noho. Ma nā wahi me ka nui o ka ʻai, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻole nā ʻēheu, no ka mea ʻaʻohe pono ke hele i kahi lōʻihi no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Maʻa pinepine nā ʻēheu i kahi no ke kūkulu hou ʻana, a no ka mea ʻaʻole pono e ulu pinepine lākou.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o ka pōʻai kala ʻo ia ke koho o ka noho. Makemake lākou i nā wahi me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka mahana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ia ke kumu i loaʻa pinepine ai nā pīpī laupū i ka hema o Lūkia, Ukraine a me Moldova.
Nā mea ʻōpala puaʻa
Ma Lūkia, hiki i ka nui o nā ʻanoʻano maʻamau ke kapa maluhia Kauka lepo Caucasian. ^ E Ha yM. Noho lākou i nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Caucasus, ma ka nui o nā ʻāina mauna. Akā hiki ke hoʻokipa iā lākou ma ka Teritori Krasnodar. Mai makaʻu i kahi ʻōpala hikiʻole ke noho nei i loko o ka māla me kahi kīʻī o kaʻaʻa ma kou mau lima.
Kēlulu maikaʻi kēia mau pīpī i ke ao, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka dusk e holo wikiwiki i ke kaua. I ka pō, hoʻōla ka mea hoʻonani i kā lākou hana, hoʻomaka e ʻimi i nā pōpū a me nā palena liʻiliʻi, a mai hōʻole ʻole i nā hua ʻōnaehana. ʻO nā hale māla punahele nā māla he māla a me nā paka i kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe keʻai malū a ʻaʻohe hapa o ka meaʻai.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka pīkī lepo Caucasian i ka ʻike mua ʻana e kona ʻulaʻula māmā, i kekahi manawa he ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka violet color. ʻAʻole ia he mea kūpono ke kākau inoa ʻia o kēia ʻano manuahi i ka Red Book o ka Russian Lūkini me ka emi wikiwiki. I ka makahiki 19, ua ʻimi nui nā ʻepekema i nā pōpoki maikaʻi e hoʻopiha i kā lākou hōʻiliʻili pilikino a kūʻai aku paha i nā hoa hana hoʻokō liʻiliʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole ma Russia wale nō hoʻi a i waho.
Loaʻa kahi kūʻokoʻa e loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o Crlean. Ua ʻōlelo kona inoa nona iho. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā ia ma loko o ka Seule Crimean, ka hapanui ma ka ʻaoʻao hema. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole lawa ka makemake i ke ʻimi i kahi pepeke. Pono ʻoe e ahonui a me kahi pāho ikaika, no ka mea, he mea nocturnal mau nei kēia pīpī, a hele nui i kaʻai wale ma hope o ka lā.
Kuiakau ʻāina Crimean - nui ka pā. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā Cases i ka wā i hiki ai i ka lōʻihi o kona kino ke 6 kenimika. Ma muli o kona nui a me kālena haʻaheo, ʻuʻuku kahi pōpilikia ʻeha he nui no nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō, akā no nā ʻili liʻiliʻi. Aloha nui ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana uʻi, no laila e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ia, me ka kokoke ʻana i ka wai, ma nā puka liʻiliʻi.
Kāpē! Hiki i ke ʻano o kēia mau pōpoki ke kanaka. ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo ma ke kua o ke kino kokoke i ka Crimean ground beetle he mau kukuna kūikawā i loaʻa ka wai caustic. ʻAʻole kēia ua ʻino, akā ke kuhikuhi nei ka pūnaehana o ka wai i ka hōʻake ʻana i nā ʻenemi. Kuku aku ka pīhoihoi i kēia wai i ke ala o ka hoʻoweliweli.
Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka pana ke hiki aku i ʻelua mau māmā a hiki ke kiʻi, no ka laʻana, i nā maka. Inā e kūpaʻa kēia, e holoi koke i kou mau maka a i ʻole nā wahi ʻē aʻe i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai nui a ʻimi i ke kōkua olakino. Hakakā ka huikala ʻaʻole pono. Aia kēia ʻōiwi i ka Puke Mua ma nā ʻano he mea pau ʻole.
Pūleʻa palupalu - ke kumuhana o nā pathos ʻano like o kāna ʻano. Ka ʻala ʻohu piha loa. Loaʻa kona ʻano nui mai 3 a 4 sentimita. ʻO ke kino o ka inisini, e like me kona mau hoaaloha, he ʻāpana metalic, akā ʻaʻole like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, he ʻano nani.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine nā kukui uliuli-uliuli i hoʻohui ʻia i ke gula a me ke keleawe. Makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā wao coniferous a me nā ulu, i nā māla a me nā kīhāpai, kahi i maona a me nā mea e mahalo ai i nā poʻe lau o nā pōpihi a me nā kumulāʻau e noho ana ma laila. ʻO ia iā lākou kahi e hānai nei i ka pōleʻa maikaʻi.
I ka manawa pinepine pinepine hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ka nani i nā ululāʻau o nā ʻEulopa, ma Moldova, Belarus, Georgia, a me kekahi o nā'āina i Central Asia. Palapala ʻaila - pepeke luhi, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka Red Red Book o ka Russia wale nō a me ka ʻEulopa.
ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā pīpī lepo maʻamau ke noʻonoʻo ʻia:
ʻO kēia nā ʻano inikini nāhelehele pālahalaha ma nā ʻāina a pau o Lūkia.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
Nā ʻano āpau mau ʻōpala ʻāina ua manaʻo ʻia nā mea hihiu lepo. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana iā lākou iho me kahi noho ma lalo o nā pōhaku, ma waena o nā kumu o nā kumulāʻau, ma waena o nā kumulāʻau a me nāʻu nahele o ka mauʻu. He mau liʻiliʻi wale nō nā mea hihiu e hiki ke kūkulu i ko lākou mau home ma nā lāʻau, a laila haʻahaʻa, ma ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ʻelua mau mika.
ʻOiai ke kau mau manu nā poʻe make, he hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea pio no nā manu, no laila ke hoʻonohonoho pono nei i ko lākou mau wahi i loko o nā ʻili o ka ʻili a i ʻole ma waena o nā lālā. ʻO nā kumu nui no ka nohona ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ka mahana paʻa a me ka malu pale.
Loaʻa nā ʻike hou ʻana i kēia mau pepeke i nā mea ʻepekema mau ʻōpala ʻāina noho i nā ʻohana he nui. Mālama nā mea liʻiliʻi o nā iniseti i mea e ʻimi pono ai i ka mea i nui aku ka nui, no ka laʻana, ka lizards liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ke ʻano ola o nā pōpoki he nocturnal. I ka pō, hele nā ʻohana a pau o ka ʻohana i ka hopu, a me ka mau mua o ka lā e hele i ka malu a hiki i ke ahiahi. ʻO kekahi mau ʻelele mau ʻōpala ʻāina ʻoi aku ka makemake e hoʻoikaika i ke ao a “hoʻomaha” i ko lākou malu ma ka pō.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, e like me ka waenakonu o ʻOkakopa, pōkole ka pīpī i loko o ka lepo, a hāʻule i loko o ka hānau ʻana, no laila, me ka hoʻomaka o nā lā mahana wela e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻomau hou i ko lākou ola.
ʻO nā pono a me nā hōʻino o nā pōpoki lepo no nā kānaka
Pūleʻa palupalu hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā pūʻulu ʻelua: hōʻeha a me ka pono. ʻO kekahi ʻano nui weliweli he lepo pīkī lepo. No ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā kākā make.
ʻAʻole pili ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa i ka manaʻo pololei o ka ʻōlelo. ʻO kona huʻawaʻa kahi pūpū huehue caustic hiki ʻole ke hiki ke pepehi i kekahi kanaka, akā hiki ke hoʻopiʻi i nā maʻi kūlohelohe i loko o ke ʻano o ka ʻōmala a me ka edema. ʻO kahi puhi mai kēlā mau lehelehe hiki ke hoʻomau i ka ʻili i ka ʻekolu mau lā.
Hiki i ka pīpī paʻakai maʻa ke hōʻeha i nā mea kanu, hōʻino nā mea hale a me nā lako. Mahalo i kāna mau ʻihi ikaika, hiki i ka pīpī ke paʻaki i ka ʻona loa. Hōʻā ka mea pīpī i nā pōʻino nui i nā mea kanu cereal, hao wale i nā mea kanu i ka māla ʻana i nā aʻa, a hiki koke i nā hua ʻai me ka huaʻai.
ʻO kēia pīpī lepo he kamaʻāina maikaʻi ia, no laila, ma lalo o ka uhi ʻana o ka pō, ʻoiai e hiamoe ana ka mea nona, hiki ke piʻi i nā ʻeke o nā ʻeke, e hana ana i nā lua i loko o lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻānai iā lākou iho i ka papaʻa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai o ka meaʻai, me ka makaʻu ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke puliki i kahi kanaka.
Inā loaʻa kahi mau pīpī i loko o ka hale - a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo iā ia e kāna ʻano ʻano manuahi violet poʻala - pono ia e hoʻopili koke i nā ʻano. E hoʻopau i ka pīpī, hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau hoʻomehana honua hou, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia i kekahi hale kūʻai disinfection. Inā ʻaʻole hoʻomaka ʻia ka hakakā ʻana i ka pīpī i ka manawa, hiki i kona helu ke ulu nui, a laila haʻalele i nā poʻe noho ʻole i ka paʻakikī.
Akā he mau manaʻo kūpono nō hoʻi. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano piʻipiʻi e kiaʻi i ka māla. ʻO kēia nā mea nani, nā Crlean ground beetle a me "tiger". ʻO ka punahele punahele nui o ka pīkoi mau Crimean he sape grape. Hoʻopilikia kēia pōpilikia i kahi hōʻino ʻole i waena o nā hua waina a me nā huaʻai, hao wale i nā hua a pau, hoʻoemi ʻia nā aʻa hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi hou a make ka mea kanu.
Poliʻoli ka poʻe paʻahana e ʻike i nā poʻe noho o ke kauwela a me nā māla hoʻi i ko lākou mau wahi. Mahalo i nā mākau loea o ka pīpī, nā māla home a nā huaʻai i hoʻoponopono ʻia. E hoʻopau loa ana ka pīpī i nā ʻano mea hoʻonani chrysalis kino a me nā pepeke insect. ʻO ka mahalo, nā ʻōpala ʻāina ʻōleʻa e lawaiʻa ana.
Ma muli o ko lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke luku aku i nā pepeke nunui, akā ua hoʻokō lākou i nā mea liʻiliʻi me ka bang. ʻO kekahi ʻano punahele ʻē aʻe ʻo ka ʻiʻo honua tiger. Ua kapa ʻia ia, no ka mea, ua like ke ʻano o kona mau māka me ke kūkaʻi nunui.
Me lākou, ua hāhai ʻo ia i ka waiwai pio. ʻO nā pepu hele i loaʻa i loko o ka iwi ʻuʻaha o kēia poʻo, e make ana lākou a make. Noho ka noho hū me ka mauʻu a ma waena o nā manamana o ka honua. Aia nō ia i ka ʻimi ʻana no ka meaʻai, no laila e ʻike hou ʻoe ma kāu pūnaewele, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoluʻolu e pili i ka palekana o ka ʻai.
No ka hakakā ʻana i nā pīpī
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke kaua me nā pepeke, pono ia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa kahi e noho ai ka pīpī lepoPapa ʻĀina. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, aia ma lalo o kekahi mau ʻano a i ʻole ko lākou haʻalele i ka hopena koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka halo nui o nā pīkī manuahi, ʻo ia ka penikala ʻo Crimean, akā hiki iā lākou ke noho i kēlā me kēia wahi i kūpono no nā kūlana kime. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka inikona i loaʻa me ka pīpī lepo i loko o ke kiʻi a maopopo i kona kūlana "wrecking".
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o ka luku ʻana i ka pūpū. Pono e lawe i kēia mea me ka hoʻomanawanui a lawe i ka mālama lāʻau i nā manawa ʻelua a ʻekolu mau. A laila, hoʻokahi manawa i ka malama, e lawe i nā hana pale i mea e hoʻopau ai i ka ʻōpala i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui.
E luku i nā pīpī, ua hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ala i ka manawa like. No ka mālamaʻana i nā mea kūlohelohe, pono ke kūʻai aku i dichlorvos a me nā karbofos a hoʻohana pū pū me lākou me kahi hopena o ka amonia a i ʻole winika.
Pono ka pipi a me ka ammonia i ka wai i loko o ka waihona o 1: 2. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka māla a i ʻole ka māla, pono ʻoe e mālama i ka palekana pilikino. Pono e kūʻai:
- respirator,
- Nā lāwā lawena,
- nā kīʻaha plastic me nā lima ākea
- nā lole kūikawā a i ʻole nā mea e aloha ʻia e hoʻopau ʻia ma hope.
Ma hope o ka holoi ʻana, pono e holoi ʻia nā mea palekana pono pilikino ponoʻī i ka wai kahe, maloʻo a wehe ʻia i kahi kihi mamao a i ʻole ka hemo ʻia. Inā puka ka hakakā ʻana i nā iniseti i kahi hale noho, a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka meaʻai.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā cereals i loko o ka umu ma kahi pālaina a ma kahi o 75 mau kekona a hoʻokomo i nā kīʻai airtight. A i ʻole ma lalo o kahi kikoʻī hohonu hohonu. Hoʻohana nā keʻena āpau a me nā pā ma nā kākeke a me nā basebo i ka hopena o ka vīnega.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka ammonia a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohui lāʻau i loko o kēlā mau lumi kahi o ka maikaʻi o ka pono o ka maikaʻi. Ma mua o ka hoʻōla ʻana, pono e hoʻouna ʻia nā ʻohana a me nā holoholona a pau no ka hele wāwae mai ka home.
Ma hope o ka luku pau ʻana o nā pīpī lepo ʻaʻole e ʻoluʻolu o lalo. Pono e hana pinepine ʻia nā hana kūpono ʻole, aneane hiki ʻole ke luku loa i kahi kolamu o nā pōpoki. E hāhai i nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi:
- ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana, ʻoi aku nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu ʻai, e ʻike pono e nānā i ka huahana no ka hoʻopōʻino.
- Hoʻomaʻemae pinepine ʻia me ka vīneʻe, ʻike a hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono nā kihi a pau, inā hoʻi i loko o nā keʻokeʻo.
- hale kūʻai hānai i nā mea paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia,
- i kekahi manawa hana ma nā papa lāʻau, hiki i nā pōpoki ke noho ma waena o nā papa.
Ke hoʻomaka i ka hakakā me ka pīpī, lepo palau, mai hoʻomau. Pono mau ʻia ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana o kēlā mau inika i noho kahi koʻikoʻi i loko o ke kaulahao meaʻai. ʻO ka luku piha ʻana i nā pōpilikia he nui ka hopena e pili wale i nā mea kanu wale nō, akā ʻo nā holoholona nui a me nā manu hoʻi e hānai ana i kēia mau ʻano maikaʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau
Kehelaulā beetle lepo, wehewehe ʻokoʻa ka ʻohana nui i kēia mau ʻano:
- ka nui, nui
- kaila ʻokoʻa
- ke ʻano,
- ʻokoʻa
- hetotaxia - kūlana o nā pale,
- ʻano hana genital.
Pūleʻa palupalu He inoa ʻē aʻe: maʻamau, māla, ka nahele. Hoʻololi nā helu mai ka liʻiliʻi loa o -1 mm a ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 cm.ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ke ʻano o ke kino. Ma kahi o nā mea i hōʻike ʻia me ka lensa biconvex a i ʻole lau-lau, i loaʻa i ke ʻano elongated a oval paha.
He maalino, ka huluhulu a palaka paha. Kūkulu nā ʻano lua i kahi ʻano pōpilikia, i hōʻike ʻia e ke kino convex me kahi hohonu hohonu ma ke kua a he poʻo nui.
Pūleʻa palupalu
ʻO kekahi mau ʻano e noho ana i nā kahakai kahakai, me nā mea ʻona e like me ka ladybug.
Hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka pepeke i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ke kino a me kahi o nā pua i nā kahe anal. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mele ma mua o nā wahine. Ke poʻo kahakaha kahakaha loa ʻia i loko o ka umauma a i luna paha nā maka i mua ke alo, e pau ana me kahi ikaika, kuhikuhi i lalo a me ko lalo.
E hoʻoholo ʻia ko lākou ʻano ma ke ʻano o ka meaʻai. Kuhi ʻia nā mea he nui o ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi ma luna o ke ʻano o ka ʻai (mandible), ka mea e paʻa ai ka mea i pio. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Herbivores me nā ʻalā nui a huhū i ʻōlapa ʻia ka mākeke laʻa.
Nā ʻano like ʻole o nā maka, mai ka nui i ke ao a i ʻole nā lālā twilight, e hoʻemi nui ʻia i nā ʻano parasit. ʻO nā nui ana a me nā ana lepo i ke ʻano ʻokoʻa.Kūkulu ʻia nā pōpoki kūkulu.
Loaʻa ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka lae i kahi indending: long - frontal groove, pōkole - frontal fossa. Aia ka kikowaena hoʻolohe pepeiao ma ka waena a i ʻole ma ka pae o ka kū.
Nā ʻōmole he ʻoki me hoʻokahi setae lōʻihi. I nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka antennae. Hōʻike ʻia ka pahu ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Paipai ʻia kona ʻano ʻikiʻekuʻe. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano o ka eli ʻana e kahi ʻano kino ʻano paʻa.
Nui nālele a lele ʻole a lele paha i kahi āpau; hoʻohana lākou i nā ʻēheu no ka noho hou ʻana. Ke lele nei - paʻakikī elytra holoʻokoʻa ke uhi i ka ʻōpū. Hoʻopili a kū ʻole i ole elytra e ka nelytra i kekahi mau ʻano.
ʻO nā wāwae lōʻihi lōʻihi a me nā wāwae pālua me nā wāwae 5-kōkua i kūpono no ka holo a me ka hele ʻana. Pili ka hana ʻino i ka waiwai o ka nāwaliwali a i ʻole ka nalowale ʻana o ka lele. He ʻokoʻa nā wahine wahine mai nā ʻāpana nui.
I ka eli ʻana i nā ʻelele, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mānoanoa. ʻO ka tibia mua ka mea he tenderloin - he hui no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka antennae. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka mahele claw, ua hoʻopili pono nā nā pīpī i ka mākeke a ʻūpū a puni ka mea kanu.
ʻAno ʻēheʻe nā kala o nā nā pepeke me kahi nui o nā kala ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka pinepine pinepine aia i ka ʻula a me nā pulu pale. ʻO kēlā mau hui kikoʻī nani e waiho i ka nui loa - Kauka lepo Caucasianhiki aku i ka lōʻihi a hiki i 6 cm.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea i noho ma ka ʻĀpana Komohana ma lalo o ka mālama o ka Red Book o Rūsia. Hiki ke poni ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ke kino polū o ke pīpī me ka sheall metallic o ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa.
He poʻomanaʻo kaila o ka ʻohana no ka ʻohana a puʻupuʻu ʻia i nā wahi a pau mai ke kai anuanu a me nā wao nahele a me nā wao. Ma ke ʻano o Lūkini, ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou i Ukraine, Moldova, ʻEnelani, Sweden, ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau.
Noho lākou ma ka hapanui o nā papa o luna a i ʻole ma luna o ia mau manawa. He poʻe lākou o ke aniani me ke kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa, e like me nā kūlana wela.
Kauka lepo Caucasian
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
Aia nā Beetles i kahi nohona terrestrial. Noho lākou i loko o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻohana. Aia ka noho ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka lepo, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, ma ke kumu o nā lāʻau lāʻau a me nā mauʻu. Hoʻokomo wale nō nā mea liʻiliʻi e noho i nā lāʻau a me nā lāʻau.
ʻO ka hana o kēlā me kēia lā nā pīpī e hoʻohele iā lākou i loko o 3 mau ʻano:
Aia ka hapanui i nā holoholona hānai i ke ala ola o ke ola, kahi a lākou e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. Mahalo i nā mana ikaika a ikaika ikaika, neʻe wikiwiki lākou ma kahi mamao loa, no ka mea i loaʻa iā lākou nā inoa - nā mea hele a me nā mea hoʻokele.
Pau ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka lā i kā lākou pā. I ka hoʻoilo, kokoke i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, ke huhū lākou i ka lepo a hiki i ka pūnāwai. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela, piʻi lākou i ka papa a hoʻomau i ka hana koʻikoʻi.
Kāhea ʻO Bombardier Beetle Kahi honua kalepa loaʻa ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka wai o ka pale i loaʻa i ka kelepona anal. Hōʻalo iā ia i ka ʻenemi, ʻike i ka pōpilikia a me ka hōʻino.
ʻO ka huina o ka mea i hoʻouluhulu ʻia i ke kīhāpai, ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a hiki i kahi wela wela a pākē aku me kahi pā nui, e hoʻokuʻi koke ana i ke ʻano o kahi ao. E makaʻu ana kahi mea makaʻu makaʻu me ka puhi ʻā. Loaʻa ke ʻano o nā reagents no 15-35 volley.
Mea ʻai
I waena o ka ʻohana pepeke, aia nā ʻano me kahi ʻano like ʻole o ka meaʻai e ʻai ai nā mea kanu a me ka meaʻai holoholona.
ʻO nā hua o nā pīpī lepo ʻai:
- pepona
- pāʻelepule
- nāʻauwai
- hua lāʻau saneils
- Honolauleau
- halailai
- nā mea kanu meaʻai.
Noho ka mea wānana no ke kali ʻana i kāna mea i loko o ka pahu a piʻi paha i ka kōkua o nā wāwae lōʻihi lōʻihi. Mahalo i kahi kaila o ka extraintestinal, hoʻopaʻa ia iā ia me nā ʻūhā ikaika, e ninini ana i kahi mea kihi mai ka pūpū waena e hoʻomāluulu i ka ʻōpū paʻakikī.
ʻO kekahi uhi chitinous e hoʻolōʻihi iā ia iho i nā ʻāʻī ikaika. E hele wikiwiki ka kaʻina o ka ʻono a me ka hoʻowalewale ʻana mai ka hora 2 a i 4 mau hola, e hoʻololi i kahi slurry wai. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻō, naʻu i ka mollusk iā ia iho, a haʻalele i kona hale. Kūpono nā hua pepeke kāpī manu i loko o ka ʻāina i kekahi mau lā.
Herbivorous Pūpū lepo he mea hihiu ia o nā māla ma kahi āna e hoʻopiʻi mau ai i nā manawa. Makemake ʻo ia i nā hua ʻai a ka palaoa, a me ka palaoa. Ma ka pō e loaʻa iā i nā pepeiao a ʻai i nā ʻala.
Ma hope o ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ua paʻa pono ia i nā wahi me ka palaoa nāwīwī. Hoʻohana pū kekahi i nā lau palaoa, hoʻōloo i nā lau ʻōpio a waiho wale i kekahi mau kiko. Me ka leʻaleʻa ʻoluʻolu nectar a me ka hae ma nā pua.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Pūleʻa palupalu e pili ana i nā pīkī lōʻihi - mai 3 a 5 mau makahiki. ʻO ke ʻano o ke ola o ka pepeke e hele lohi mai ana mai ka hua i ka larva, pupa a me nā imago. Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻoulu ma hope o ka manawa hoʻouluulu heihei ma mua o ka mahina o ʻApelila.
Pūleʻa palupalu
Hoʻokahi ka waiho ʻana o nā hua he 50-80, hoʻokahi alakaʻi wahine i loko o ka lepo i ka hohonu o ke anawaena o 3 cm. No kēia, koho ia i kahi nāwina me ka lepo momona. Ke kaupaona nei nā hūʻai a hiki i ka 160 mg a me ka lōʻihi a hiki i 2 cm e kū mai ma hope o 13-14 lā.
Loaʻa iā lākou nā 6 kiki pōkole pōkole. ʻO kā lākou keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma hope o 10 mau hola i lilo violet-ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā mākaukau o nā mea ʻōpiopio liʻiliʻi, ma hope o nā hola 40 mai ka hānau ʻana, ua mana ʻia e ʻai i nā mollusks ʻāina. Hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia, ʻoiai ka ʻumi a me nā mea huna o ka mucus a me ka foam, nā hale kanu me ka lepo a ʻai ʻana.
Hoʻopau ke hoʻomohala ʻana i nā palaka i ka hopena o ke kauwela. Hoʻopuka ke ʻano hou - pupation, ʻo ia ka 15-25 mau lā. ʻO ka kino o ke kino o ka pupa ka like me kahi pīkeʻoki makua.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ka ʻona o ka protruding setae ma ke kua a me hopeal o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. Loaʻa ka Pupa i kahi ʻoka i hana ʻia mai ka lepo a i ʻole substrate.
I ka hoʻoilo, ua komo i loko o ke kūlana makua me ka lōʻihi o 2-3 mau makahiki. ʻO ka nānā mua o nā ʻōpiopio e hilinaʻi i nā kūlana kime a mālama ʻia i Mei-Iune. Kuhi pinepine ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka make ʻana o ka hua palaoa.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka helehelena nui ma ka waiū waiū o ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. Ma ʻAukake, hāʻule ia i loko o ka diapause - ke pani o ke kaʻina hana, a hoʻomoe i ka lepo a hiki i 40 cm.
Pehea e hana ai me kahi pōpoki maʻi
Ho'ōla hewa papaʻi pīpī pehea e pakele ai mai kahi mea makaʻu hoʻomohala - pono kēia pili i waena o ka māla ʻana a me nā māla lawaiʻa. ʻO ka hōʻino mai nā mea hihiu e hoʻopilikia ai ʻaʻole e pili wale i nā māla mahiʻai, akā nō hoʻi i nā hale kahi e hoʻokuʻi ai nā na pīpī.
ʻO kahi ala kūpono e pili ana i ka mahiʻai a me nā ʻoihana loea, me ka hōʻoki wikiwiki ʻana me ka hoʻomoʻa ʻole ʻana i ka hua palaoa e hāʻawi i ka pale nui loa mai ka pest.
ʻĀwele ʻāina ʻeleʻele no ka home - ʻaʻole he hanana pinepine a paʻakikī. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lākou noho ma ka hale ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka meaʻai. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopihapiha i nā lumi āpau me nā larvae. ʻO nā mea ʻike maopopo ʻia no nā ʻiʻo kūloko:
- nā huahana meaʻai: palaoa, cereals, ʻuala, etc.,
- mea ʻai, meaʻai
- ōpala,
- wahie, ʻaʻā
- laau kahiko.
E hana koke i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā mea iniketi ke neʻe nei i ka puʻupuʻu nui. I ka hakakā ma nā pōpoki, ʻo nā hana kūpono e:
- ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ākea me ka huli akahele no ko lākou wahi,
- papa hana me ka hoʻonā ʻana i ka ʻōmole kīpī a i ʻole vīkī,
- ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka insecticidal hoomakaukau kūʻai,
- pale ma ka puka makani.
Pono ia e nānā pono i ka palekana o nā huahana meaʻai i loko o ka hoʻopili paʻa. Kahi nui ka nui o nā ʻōpala i nā nui a he nui ka mea nui i loko o ka hoʻokūkū kūlohelohe a me ka anthropogen. ʻO nā pepona ko nā hōʻailona o ke kaiapuni a me ka hele ʻana o nā mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā kanaka.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Nā ʻōkuhi pipi (Carabidae) - kahi ʻohana nā pepeke, nā pepeke papa, e like me nā arthropod, e ʻoka i nā ʻūpī manu. ʻO ka inoa o nā ʻehā nā hua ʻōlelo "buzz". Ua ʻike nā poʻe ʻomaʻomaʻo e pili ana iā 40 tausani mau ʻano o nā pīpī lepo, a aia wale nō ma Rūsia e nānā ʻia ma kahi o 3 tausani mau ʻano. ʻO lākou a pau heʻano like ʻole, akā i ka manawa like me nāʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe i waena o lākou iho: i ka nui, ke kala a me nā hiʻohiʻona.
Wikiō: nā manu'ōleʻele
ʻO nā ʻūpono o nā honua, e like me ke kānāwai, he ʻeleʻele i kekahi manawa, i kekahi manawa me kahi leʻaleʻa o ke aniani o ke kaila, uliuli a me ke gula. I ka manawa maʻamau, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā ʻulaʻula a me ʻulaʻula. Inā ʻoe e nānā ākea i ka paila kila, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka nui o nā manamana ʻoki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā pīpī launa ʻokoʻa mai ka 1 a 10 cm.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻōpala ʻano maikaʻi loa:
- pīkoi lepo Caucasian. Noho ka mea nui ma ka ʻākau o Kaukaole, akā loaʻa pinepine i ka Krasnodar Territory. He pua ʻulaʻula a he palahalaha ka pelu a, a i ʻole he kala a he ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha. Ke emi koke nei ka nui o nā ʻano no ka mea o kēia i kākau ʻia ma ka Red Book o Russia,
- Kūleʻa poʻo Crimean. ʻIke wale ʻia nā ʻano manuahi ma ke kula o ka mokuʻo Crimean a ikaika i ka pō. Kūpono ka nui o kēia pīpī - ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona kino e hiki pinepine i 6 cm.
ʻIke maoli nō: Aia i ke kua o ke kino, loaʻa nā kīkela lepo Crimean me kahi kōkā, akā ʻaʻole i ka mea make o ka wai, me ia "kohu" i kāna poʻe ʻenemi a hiki i 2 mika.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kuhi: He aha nā ʻano o ka pīpī lepo
He liʻiliʻi nā poʻo o nā ʻano ʻano ʻano manuahi āpau a kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia i mua. Ma luna ʻo ia kahi hana hoʻowalewahi waha me nā ʻōpū ikaika a koi. Hiki ke loli ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā ʻanuʻu a hilinaʻi ʻia ma nā mea e ʻai ai ka meaʻai a kekahi ʻano a i ʻole kekahi.
No ka laʻana, hōʻike ʻia nā mea kikoʻī i nā mandible mau-lima kahi e hopu ai a hoʻopaʻa paʻa i kā lākou ʻai. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻōpala nui e nā ʻōpū nui a hōʻulaʻī, kahi i kūpono maikaʻi no ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i nā mea momona.
Hona ka nui o nā maka o nā nāhelehele i ke ʻano o ko lākou ola ʻana: ma ka eli a me nā ana i loko he mea liʻiliʻi loa lākou, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia, i nā ʻano pō - ʻoi aku ka nui, i ka pō a me ke ʻano nui o ko lākou mau maka. ʻO ka antennae o nā pīpī he lahilahi, a he ʻumikumamākahi hapa.
ʻO ke kino o ka nui o ka hapanui he oval, he elongated, akā he mau ʻanuʻu ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā ʻano like:
- pōʻai, biconvex,
- leaf-leaf
- convex me kahi constriction a me ke poʻo nui, like me nā ʻolua,
- puni, hoʻokahi-ʻāpana convex,
- ʻoki ʻia.
ʻO nā pīpī manu, e like me nā iniseti āpau, he 6 wāwae, nona nā ʻelima ʻāpana. ʻO ke ʻano o ko lākou helehelena, ka helehelena a me ke ʻano hana i ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana. No ka hoʻohalike, hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano huluhulu e nā wāwae pōkole a me nā wāwae ākea, a no ke koena, ka lōʻihi a me ka lahilahi. He mea pono ia ma ka kua o lalo o kēlā me kēia wāwae he kahi mana kūikawā kahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ai nā moi i ko lākou antennae.
Hiki i nā ʻēheu o nā ʻuʻuku ʻāina nā mana no nā ʻelima o nā ʻano like ʻole: pōkole a lōʻihi, ulu maikaʻi a ʻaʻole paha. ʻAno paʻakikī nā elytra o nā ʻiʻī, hiki i nā hono a i uhi ʻia paha me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a i ʻole pahuhopu paha o nā ʻano like ʻole. Ma nā manu ʻēheu ʻole, ulu pū ka elytra a hana i kahi pālahalaha.
ʻO ka dimorphism ka moʻoʻai i nā pōpō lepo ua hōʻailona nui ʻia. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Eia nō hoʻi i nā kāne, nā pālule a me nā mea antennae e lōʻihi aku ana. Hiki i ka pena ke ʻano o nā pīkoi lepo, akā me kahi nui o nā kala ʻeleʻele, a me ka makana hoʻi i ka metallic a me ka hoʻoneʻe. ʻO nā ʻano o nā nāhele ʻāina e noho ana i nā mea kanu a kokoke i nā kino wai ʻoi aku ka poli: polū, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka poni.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka pīpī lepo. E ʻike i kahi i noho ai kēia pīhoihoi.
He aha nā mea pīpī lepo?
Kuhi: Crimean groundlele
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, e noho ana nā pītika i nā kula ma nā kīhāpai, nā māla, nā māka, i nā palaka pilikino, i loko o nā māla, ka laulā, kahi nui nā mea ola liʻiliʻi e holo nei, holo a lele paha. Nā mea makemake i ka ʻai nā meaʻai: nā ʻōpala, nā slugs, nā ulū o nā inikua like ʻole, nā kumuwaiwai, nā aphids.
Mahalo i kēia "papa inoa", mahalo nui ʻia nā pupu konohiki e nā māla, ʻoiai lākou e hāʻawi nui ai i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hakakā i nā pōpoki. Maʻalahi loa ke ʻano o ka hahai holoholona i waena o nā pīpī. I ka ʻike ʻana o ka pīpī i kāna mea ʻānai a ua mākaukau e hoʻouka iā ia, puka ʻia kahi wai palaka kūikawā i loko o kāna mau ʻīpū iwi. Kuhi ʻo ka pīpī i kāna mea ʻimi me kēia wai, kali i kekahi mau minuke, a lawe i ka papa.
ʻO ka pūnaehana o kēia kahe e loaʻa ai nā mea e hoʻohālikelike a palulu ʻia ai ka mea pepehi, ke hoʻohuli nei iā ia i kahi pāpaʻi semi-wai. Puhi ʻo ka pīpī i kēia pulp a hoʻi hou i ka pale i nā lā he nui - e hanu i ka meaʻai a hoʻomaha. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, haʻalele ka pīpī i ka malu a hoʻomaka e ʻimi hou.
Ma waena o nā pīpī lepo he mau mea e kau ʻia nā mea kanu, nā ʻano ʻai like ʻole, a me nā mea kanu like ʻole. I waena o nā mea hope loa, ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻoweliweli ʻia no nā mea kanu ko kekahi o nā ʻelele o ka huaʻōlelo Zabrus - nāʻu pīpī honua. Hoʻohana lākou i nā ʻano hānai semi-ripened o nā mea cereal: rye, palaoa, bale, ōats, palaoa, kumu e hōʻeha ai i ka mahiʻai.
ʻAi maoli ka ʻōleʻa o ka ʻōloʻi manu i ke ala like ʻole o nā pākeke, me kaʻole o kekahi mau manu. I ka larva, ʻo ka maʻi parasitization i ka nui o nā mea inikini kekahi mea maʻamau.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi: nāʻu pīhoihoi
Ka hapanui o nā ʻōiwi manu he alakaʻi i kahi nohona terrestrial, ʻae ʻia i ka lau o nā lau lau i ʻoki a i ʻole kahi papana o nā lau maloʻo o ka makahiki i hala. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau pīpī ʻāina e noho ana i nā mea kanu, lepo a palapa paha.
I ka hapanui o ka hapanui, hoʻonohonoho nā honu i kahi malu i waena o nā lau hāʻule, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, i nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau, ma ka mauʻu. Noho kekahi mau mea lāʻau ma nā lālā lāʻau a hiki i ʻekolu mau kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā kumu nui no ko lākou wahi noho he kūleʻa kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe o ke kala, a me nā pale.
Wahi a nā loea ʻepekema ʻoi loa, ua manaʻo ʻia nā pupu manu i nā mea ʻuʻuku e noho ana i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, kahi e ʻae ai iā lākou e ʻimi maikaʻi wale nō i nā mea hihiu, akā, no nā mea ʻai nui, no ka laʻana.
ʻO ka honu nā ka nui o nā ʻōiwi i ka nocturnal, ʻoiai he mau wale nō nā lā he lā. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli, hele pū nā lālā o kahi ʻohana liʻiliʻi i ka hili, a i ke kakahiaka nui, a hiki i ka wanaʻao, hele nui nā mea a pau i ka malu.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule, ma ke ala waena e kokoke ana ia i ka waena oʻOkakopa, a ua emi loa ke ʻano o kēlā me kēia lā, ʻuʻuku nā pīpī lepo i loko o ka ʻāina i ka hohonu o ka hapalua mika a hāʻule i ka ʻāpana. Ma ka waena o Malaki paha a ma hope iki paha, e pili ana i ke ʻano, hele nā pīkoi i ka maka a hoʻomau hou i ko lākou ola ʻana.
He ʻokoʻa nā kaola o nā ʻano o nā pīpī lepo, a me ka ʻōʻihi. Eia kekahi, aia nā pīpī launa e ola hoʻokahi wale nō makahiki a hāʻawi i hoʻokahi hanauna wale nō nā hua liʻiliʻi i ko lākou ola pōkole. Aia nō kekahi wana e noho ana he 2-5 mau makahiki a keu paha.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kuhi: nā pua kupa
Hoʻomaka ka hana houʻana i nā pīpī i nā ʻāina i ka makahiki 9-12 mau mahina.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā ʻomaʻōlelo i nā ʻano kuʻuna a me nā kiʻina āpau o nā pōpō lepo.
- i ka wā make i ka puna (ka hoʻomohukū ʻana o nā ʻōpala i ke kauwela, a i ka hoʻoilo huehue ka hānau ʻana i ka wā pākeke)
- ka hana hoʻohālikelike i hiki i ke kauwela a i ke kauwela paha (i ka hibva o ka larva, ʻaʻohe o nā wā hooilo)
- ka hana hoʻohālikelike e kū nei i ke kauwela a i ʻole wā lūlū (nā larva hibva, aia ka hānau ʻana o ke kauwela),
- ka hapanui ʻano pālua (ʻo ka hānai e hiki i nā manawa o ka makahiki, nā ʻōpio a me nā pālika manuahi)
- ʻoi aku ka hana ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki.
ʻIke maoli nō: Aia kekahi mau ʻano o nā pīpī lepo e noho nei i nā tropic a me nā subtropics pālua ʻelua i ka makahiki.
He mau pepeke laulea o nā ʻōlapa me ka loli hou ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, i kā lākou mea hoʻomohala, a hala lākou ma nā pae he 4: he hua hua, huaʻai, kahi pupa, a me nā pākeke. Ma ka waena waena, e hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o ka māka ma nā pīpī lepo i ka hopena o ʻApelila a i mua paha o Mei. Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, hana ka wahine i kahi waiho ma kahi hohonu o 3-5 cm.Hiki i kahi gāwili i komo me nā hua he 20-80. ʻO kahi wahi o ka masonry eʻeleʻele, hoʻomehana a me ka ʻili. Pono ka ʻāina i ka waiwai ma ka humus.
Ma nā ʻano o nā pīpī lepo, kahi i hoʻohuʻawale ʻia e ka mālama ʻana i nā hua, ʻoki a nui a nui nā hua i loko o ka pākaʻi, ma nā ʻano like ʻole o nā hua he nui a nui naʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa. Ma ke ʻano, hiki i nā hua manu ke ʻano o kahi oho elongated a ʻuʻina paha ma nā kihi o ke silila me kahi melika translucent melemele a keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, nā mea i ʻike ʻia ai ka larva ma ka hope o ka incubation.
Ma ka hapanui o nā ʻano honu mea mālama, mālama ka hua no nā hua i ke koho i nā wahi kūpono loa no ka waiho ʻana i nā hua manu, eia naʻe, aia kekahi mau ʻano e hoʻopiʻi ai i nā ʻano he nui. No ka laʻana, ma Pterostichini ground beetles, pale aku ka wahine i ka pipi a hiki i ka puʻu puaʻa, e pale ai i ka hoʻopulapula o nā mau pīpī a mai ka maʻi kūlohelohe.
Ma ka ʻāina ʻōiwi o Scartini, mālama ʻo ka wahine i ka hua no ka hoʻomohala holo ʻana, a laila noho kekahi manawa me ka ʻōpala, e hānai ana iā lākou i ka ʻōpua a me nā ʻūlū. Ma Harpalini mau pīpī, waiho ka wahine i kahi lumi papa me kahi lako e kanu ʻia ai nā hua kanu, kahi e ʻai ʻia ai e nā ʻōpala hānai.
ʻO kekahi pūhaka o nā ʻōmaka ʻāina he elongated kino (a hiki i 2 cm ke lōʻihi) me ke poʻo nui, nui a waha, ʻōpū pūpū, a me nā wāwae pōkole. ʻAi lākou, e like me ke kānāwai, nā ʻano like me nā pōpoki makua. Ma ke kaʻina o ka uluʻana, a wīwī ke hoʻomalu i ʻekolu mau manawa. ʻO ʻōlohelohe nā popae o nā ʻōleʻele o ka ʻāina, me ka mea ʻole, hoʻomanaʻo i nā pākeke. Moe lākou i ka mahele kahi i hana ʻia ma ka lepo, kekahi mau ʻano i ʻehā i ka niu. Loaʻa ka papa haumāna i ka lā 7-112.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā pīpī lepo
Kuhi: manuahi ʻo nā ʻāina
Ua ʻike ʻia e ʻai ʻia ana nā pīpī hānai i ka pālua o nā huaʻai o nā māla lau o ke kīhāpai a me nā māla hua ʻai, a me kā lākou nāho. No laila inā he mau mea ulu ma ka māla, mai hōʻoki iā lākou no ka mea he waiwai nui ko lākou waiwai. Ua manaʻo ʻia aia, ma ka awelika, hoʻokahi pīpī lepo makua i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hiki ai iā lākou ke luku aku i ka puna o 150-300, pupae, a me nā hua ʻōpiopio. No laila, ʻo ka hapanui o nā ʻano o kēia mau ʻōlima ke ʻōpū o nā ulu lāʻau, nā māla, nā mahinaʻai a me nā māla.
ʻOiai ka hapanui o nā ʻano hapanui o nā ʻuʻina manu he mau pepeke manu ʻawaʻawa, nā pepeti, nā hua a me nā hua ʻōkuhi, ʻaʻohe ʻano o ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻano o nā iniseti like ʻole, no ka mea, ʻoki, a me nā mea he nui o nā manu liʻiliʻi a nui. Eia nō hoʻi, makemake nui nā pīpī i ka ʻai e ʻai i nā henano, mea maikaʻi, a i loko o ka taiga i nā holoholona nui like ʻole me nā bea a me nā puaʻa hihiu ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i kēia mau pōpilikia.
He mea pono ia e piʻi a piʻi ʻo ka popo i nā lumi ulu o nā pīpī manu a lawe i kā lākou hua a ola a ola paha a me nā ʻōlima mai laila mai, inā ʻaʻole kekahi mau kumu i ka huki ʻana i ka pīpī make makua i loko o ka lua. ʻAʻole hoʻopā ka popo i nā pōpoki ola, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea pio. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, pīpī ka pīpī lepo i kā lākou pānaʻi me ka wai kīwī no ia mea i lilo i mea slurry ola.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: He aha nā ʻano o ka pīpī lepo
He nui nā ʻohana o nā pīpī, kahi, e like me nā mea hoʻohālikelike o nā loea entomology, he 25-50,000 mau ʻano. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou he mau pepeke karnivorous, a ma kahi e hana nui ai kahi mea e pale ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā pōʻino pepeke.
ʻOiai ʻo ka nui a me nā ʻano manuahi like ʻole, he nui nā mea helu e ʻoki ana kona mau helu:
- groundnelle Shagreneva (loaʻa ma ʻEulopa a me ka hapa ʻāpana o Rūsia, helu ʻia nā kolohe ma ka Red Book of Smolensk region, Chuvash Republic, Lithuania, Belarus),
- ʻO ka pīhoihoi kaʻu Caucasian (e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Kaukaia, a me ka ʻĀkau Krasnodar, ua kākau ʻia i loko o ka Red Book of Russia, Georgia),
- Kahi mau ʻāina ʻōmaʻomaʻo Crimean (loaʻa wale ma ka penikala Crimean, ma muli o kona nui nui a me nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona nui loa ia, kaulana loa i waena o nā mea ʻohiʻohi, no ka mea ʻoi ka helu o kāna helu ʻana, ua helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book of Ukraine).
- a ʻāleʻaleʻa ka ʻāina (noho ia ma ka ululāʻau o ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana ʻEulopa, ma Belarus, Moldova, Georgia, ma kekahi mau ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema, ua kākau ʻia ka pepeke i loko o ka Red Book of Europe and the Red Book of Russia).
- groundle beetle Lopatin-Yankovsky (loaʻa i ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rūsia, ua kākau inoa ʻia ma ka Red Book of Russia me kahi ʻano nui luhi.
Mālama ka ʻāina ʻoi
Kuhi kiʻi: Kīwī mauʻu mai ka Puke ʻaha
Ke hoʻomau nei ka nui o nā ʻano nui o nā pīpī ma nā wahi āpau.
E hoʻopili aku nā mea hou i kēia:
- kāʻili
- ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā wahi leʻaleʻa,
- nāwaliwali o nā nā pokole e neʻe,
- ka mālama pinepine ʻana o ka ulu lāʻau a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai me nā pesticides a me nā fungicides,
- No ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano loina liʻiliʻi o ka pīpī i ka nui a me ka hoʻonui i kā lākou helu, pono e hoʻopiʻi i kahi papa paʻa i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea inikini, ke kūkulu hou ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā wahi ulu o ka nahele ma ko lākou mau wahi, a e hoʻomaka nō hoʻi ka nui o ka ulu ʻana i ka pio.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomau nā hana hope me ka pahuhopu o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hua o nā huaʻai mahiai. No ka hana ʻana i nā mea pono, ua lako ʻia nā kīʻaha kūikawā - nā pākuʻi (aquariums) me ka lepo a me kahi lau o nā moʻo a nā lau hou. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pakanikau ʻelua i ka wai, ka wai a me kā lākou meaʻai maʻamau. Noho ka moa ʻōlohelohe ma laila, e hoʻomoʻi a kūleʻa i kā lākou hua.
Ma hope o ka hatching, wehe ʻia nā lula a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. ʻAi ʻia ka ʻōpala me nā snails, nā anuʻa, nā huapalaoa, nā ʻōpū o ka honua. No ka hoʻoilo, hoʻonoho ʻia ka pahu me ka larvae i loko o kahi pākaukau a pahu ʻāhaʻi paha.
I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā o ka pupile larvae, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā ipu me lākou ma kahi lumi mahana. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule o nā pule, lele nā ʻōpio i waho o ka lepo, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā wahi me nā pōpoki. ʻAʻole he hanana nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahiʻai o ka ʻāina ʻōlapa, ʻoiai he paʻakikī ke hoʻohuli i kēia mau pīpī.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā māla ke nānā i kahi loʻi e like me Pūpū lepo ma ko lākou pūnaewele, ʻaʻole lākou i manaʻo a ʻike i ka hiki ʻana i kēia mau pepeke ke hoʻohana nui i ka maikaʻi. No laila, ʻimi pinepine a ʻike iā lākou, hoʻāʻo koke e luku iā lākou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he nui nā ʻano o nā pīpī lepo, a i waena o lākou aia wale nō nā ʻano he nui ka maʻi maʻi - ʻo ka pīleʻa o ka lepo (humpback peun).
ʻO ke kiʻi pīpī puaa
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻohana i nā ʻano like he nui a me nā moʻomeheu, liʻiliʻi ʻokoʻa. No ka huli ʻana o nā pīpī, pono ia e noʻonoʻo i nā nuances he nui - mai ke kala a me ke ʻano o ka insect i ke ʻano o ka ʻōhua.
ʻO nā pīpī paʻū, e noho ana ma Rūsia, ma ke kiʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o kahi kino elongated a hiki i 8 cm lōʻihi. ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻia nā ʻēheu o ka mea hihiu no nā mokulele. E neʻe wale ana nā beetles i ka lewa no ke kū hou ʻana, akā ʻo nā ala nui i ka hele ʻana he wikiwiki, mau wāwae lōʻihi. ʻAʻohe ʻēheu kekahi o ka ʻohana.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka pīpoki pipi
Kupaʻi manu - he ʻelele o nā mau ʻiʻini me ka nui o nā ʻano a me nā genera, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i ka wehewehe i loko o ke ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona.
- uliuli kala me ka moʻo tint,
- ʻāpana kino kino
- nā laina lihuli ma kahi ʻōuli uliuli, e hoʻokumu ana i ka hopena a ke anu.
- ke kino kino mai ke poʻe a hiki i ka elongated, ʻano
- kino kino mai 1 mm a 10 cm,
- lōʻihi a me keʻelima wāwae no ka neʻe wikiwiki,
- ʻOheheu me kahi ʻanea,
- paakiki piha elytra i ka ʻōpū.
I mea e ʻike ai i kekahi ʻano ʻano ʻehā o ka pīpī, pono ia e noʻonoʻo i nā nuances liʻiliʻi loa o ke ʻano o nā manamana a me nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā ʻāpana a me nā nui o ke kino.
Palani a me ka noho
Wahi a nā ʻōmaiwa: ʻo nā mea inikini e like me ka pīpī lepo he nui ka nui o nā genera a me nā ʻano ʻano, kahi hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale. I mea e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo pololei i kēia ʻano ʻano, ua hoʻoholo nā ʻepekema e hoʻonohonoho iā lākou e:
- ʻokoʻa
- kino helehelena
- papa hoʻonohonoho
- kaila ʻokoʻa
- nui
- ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā kūpuna.
He kala like ʻehā nā manu, me ka nui o nā kala ʻeleʻele a me kahi pale pale. Hoʻohālike ʻia kēlā me kēia pilikino e kahi ʻano kino kūikawā, ʻo ia kekahi o kahi subfamily o nā pīpī lepo.
ʻO nā ʻōleʻa e noho ana ma kahakai he ʻano like me ka ʻehā. ʻO nā ʻano manu e noho nei i nā ana, ua like lākou me nā popo, no ka mea, he hale convex a he poʻo nui.
Noho ka hapanui o kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi i kahi ʻeleʻele ka lepo. Ua koho lākou i kahi pūnaewele me kahi wela haʻahaʻa. Hiki i nā phytophages ke noho i nā wahi me ka haʻahaʻa o ka haʻahaʻa, no ka mea e hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopihapiha i nā mea kanu lāʻau. Hoʻopili ka like i ka parasitoids, hiki iā lākou ke kū i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano ma nā wahi me ka salinization koʻikoʻi (paʻakai paʻakai, loko o ka loko paʻakai). Noi ka nui o nā mea e kōkua iā lākou e noho i nā wahi āpau - mai nā tropics a i nā wailele i nā kaila ʻele.
Poʻo
Holo ʻia ke poʻo. ʻO nā Beetles nā mana ākea a me nā koi. ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano like o ko lākou ʻano, ma muli o ka mea i komo i loko o ka meaʻai o ka pōʻai. He ʻano lehelehe ʻehā nā kaila Predatory e kōkua ai i ka paʻa pono ʻana o ka mea pio. A me nā mea ʻino e ʻai ai ka mea kanu i nā ʻōpala nui a nui.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o ka lākiō, a ʻo ka ʻāʻī i ke poʻo. Ua kīpī ʻia ka mua i mua o ka mua. Inā pōkole loa ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea i paʻi ʻia, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka fossa i ka lae, inā ʻo ka ʻaoʻao lōʻihi ka pili. Ma ka mua, ua hāʻule nā aloka i luna o ka clypeus, a i hope - i ka wisis.
He ʻokoʻa nā maka o nā ʻiʻini:
- ka nui (ikaika i ke ao a me ka hakahaka),
- waena (loaʻa ke ala ola nocturnal),
- liʻiliʻi a ʻokoʻa ʻole paha (e noho i nā ana a i loko o ka lepo.
Hiki i ka lehelehe luna ke hūnā ma lalo o ka clypeus. Ma kahi kokoke i ka lepe haʻahaʻa ma ke kumu o ka kūmole aia nā mau lua 2 e kōkua i ke kanaka hoʻokahi e lohe. E like me ka anenin a e ʻike maopopo ʻia. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻāpana like ʻole me nā bristles. ʻAʻohe huluhulu kekahi mau antennae, aʻo kekahi mau lauoho ʻuʻuku.
ʻAlaʻai iʻa palu
He ola paʻapū ko nā pōpō lepo a he 3 mau makahiki paha. Ma ke kaʻina hoʻomohala ʻana mai kahi hua manu a hiki i kekahi pākeke, hele nā mea ʻelua i waena o ʻelua mau ʻano - kahi pupa a me kahi larva.
Hoʻokomo ʻo nā wahine i ka manarry ma ka ʻāina ulu, ka nui o nā hua oval o ka oval a hiki i 250 mau ʻāpana. Pali ʻia nā lā nui ma ka lā 14. Loaʻa iā lākou ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me 3 mau paani o nā hua lāʻau i mālama ʻia. Ma hope o nā hola 10, loaʻa ke kino o ka larva i kahi kala ʻeleʻele me ka hue poni, a ma ka lā lua ua hana lākou i nā ʻāpana ikaika. ʻO nā konikō mau ʻōpiopio mauʻu i ka hopena o ka pūnāwai a huli i loko o kahi pākeke ʻelemakule.
ʻĀpana ʻāpana
Wahi a ka mea e noho ai ka pīhoihoi lepo, e nānā ka like o ke ʻano o kona pronotum. Inā hōʻiliʻili ka pronotum i ka waihona, a laila ua ikaika ka mua o ke kino. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pōpoki hulipulu i kahi ʻano kino o ke kino, e like me ka popo. Hoʻopono maikaʻi ke kua o ke kua. I kekahi mau mea e noho nei i nā ana, ʻokoʻa a pale ʻole paha ka pale.
Hoʻopilikia ka pōʻino iʻa
He mea make anei ka pōpilikia lepo i nā mea kanu, pōʻino paha i nā kānaka? Kuhi ʻia ka pono nui o nā iniseti ma ke ala o ke ola a me ke ʻano o ka meaʻai. ʻO ka pōʻino nui i nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia e nā pīpī lepo phytophages:
- Kūpono ka pōpō lepo ʻo kahi kanaka me kahi ʻoni-uliuli a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i 1,5 cm.ʻai nā ʻalopona i ʻai i nā cereals, nā lau ʻōpio o nā hoʻoilo, nā pollen a me nā nectar, e pili ana i ka pōʻino nui o ka paʻa ʻana i ka mahiʻai.
- Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōleʻomaʻo ʻōiwi i ka wai o nā hua ʻōpio i nā māla, ka palaoa a me ka palaoa. ʻAi pū lākou i ka leek, nā oats a me ka palaoa.
Ma ka ʻāina o Rūkia hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā ʻona ʻāina kohu-entomophages. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻōlapa he nui ka pīpī (ground ground). Nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona:
- loa antennae
- kino a hiki i 3 cm lōʻihi me ke kala ʻulaʻula a me ke kala ʻeleʻele paha a me ka metalena sheen,
- nā pale keleawe ma nā kahakai oblong i ka pā ʻāina
- mau ʻōpio ikaika mau ākaʻi e hoʻopaʻa i ka mea nāna,
- hoʻomohala i nā wāwae ikaika no ka neʻe wikiwiki a alualu i ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia.
No ka mālama i ka nui o ka pīpī ma nā māla ʻāina, pono e ukali ʻia kēia mau ʻōlelo ʻana:
- pale i ka māla mai nāʻu, nā manu make, nā moles a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e ʻai ana i nā ʻiʻo maikaʻi,
- e koho pono i nā mea kanu e pale ai i nā mea kanu mai nā pōpilikia.
ʻO ka luku ʻana i nā pīpī launa a me nā hua manu ʻole me ka pesticides, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kekahi kanaka i ka lehulehu o nā ʻelele maikaʻi o nā ʻiʻo. No ka pale ʻana i kēlā mau hopena, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koho o ke ala o ka hakakā ʻana i nā loea loiloi o ka ʻoihana ʻo Des Group. E koho nā mea hana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi loa no ka hōʻalo ʻana i nā pōpoki o nā mea kanu mea kanu, hoʻoulu koke i ka ʻāina me ke kōkua o nā mea ʻenehana.
Nā Limbs
Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau manuu no ka holo wikiwiki a holo, no laila e lōʻihi nā wāwae, ʻokoʻa keʻokeʻo. He nunui nā wāwae o ka ʻuʻalima a me nā kāwā. Hoʻomaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka acetabulum. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā swivel i ka hope. Hoʻomaʻemae ʻia ka antennae ma ka ʻoki ʻana i ka shins i mua. ʻO ka poʻe Epiphytic kahi kakalou hohonu i nā wāwae, kahi e kau ai ka mahele o ka claw. Kōkua ʻo ia iā lākou e huki i nā mea kanu. He kaʻina kanaka i kēia mahele i kahi kaʻina e kōkua ke piʻi i nā paia o nā ana.
Pākaʻi pale
Hiki i nā iwi a me nā wāwae ke kōkua i kahi pōpō ʻāina pono mai kahi pōpoki maʻi. I nā poʻe predatory, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana a me ka lōʻihi. ʻEkole nā wāwae o ka pīhoele, a ua ʻeleʻele loa ke kino.
I mea e pale pono ai i nā māla mai ka lepo nāhelehe, ʻōlelo ʻia e hōʻoki i ka wā hoʻomaka a pōkole. Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka nui o nā iniseti manuahi - hoʻoneʻe i ka mauʻu mai ka mahina ʻai, ke ʻōpala i nā ʻōpala, aʻa i ka lepo i ka hāʻule.
E hoʻopau i nā larvae, hiki ke mālama i nā hua kanu me nā pesticides, a i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hua - me nā insecticides.
No ka hoʻopauʻana i ka pīpī lepo i loko o ka māla, aʻo nā loea i ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau lula:
- nā mea kanu ma ka pūnaewele i ʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1 manawa i 2 mau makahiki,
- mālama i ka wā kanu me nā pesticides i loaʻa ka hopena i ka pili o nā kipi,
- i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka hua palaoa, e hoʻohana i nā mea kanu e pale ai i ka hua ʻai a me nā lau o nā mea kanu mai nā pākeke.
I ke kaua ʻana i nā pīkoi lepo i noho ma ka hale, e kōkua ʻia nā hana aʻe:
- ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka wahi e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā iniseti, kaʻili paʻa ʻana i kēia wahi,
- ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka meaʻai mai ka papaʻaina, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ʻōpala.
- ʻo ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale kulu me nā meaʻala a i ʻole he hopena e kau ana ma ka soda a me ka acetic acid.
- Mālama ʻia nā koholā i ka umu ma kahi wela o nā 100 mau kekona no 30 mau minuke,
- ka hānai ʻeke i waiho ʻia i ka la no kekahi mau hola,
- ua waiho ʻia kahi pahu me ka cereal i loko o ka pahu manuahi no mau hola.
Inā hōʻeha nā ʻōpala i nā māla lawaiʻa a i ʻole nā mea inohinohi i hoʻopā ai i kou māla a i ʻole ka home, e kamaʻilio me nā loea ʻo Dez Group i kōkua E hoʻohālikelike lākou i ke kūlana a koho i ke ʻano kūpono o ka hoʻomohala maʻi. No ke kūkākūkā, kelepona i kahi hui ʻoihana hui ma ke kelepona.
Wings a me ka elytra
ʻO ke pae o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻēheu hilinaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano. Hiki ke hilinaʻi i keʻano o nā ʻēheu ma muli o ka he mana o ka gen. ʻO ka poʻe holo ʻole me nā ʻēheu pōkole e noho ma nā mokupuni, nā puʻu, a me nā ana. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ka wāwae i nā pīkoi home thermophilic a me nā lāʻau lāʻau o nā mea hihiu. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou e lele holo nei a ʻo ia hoʻi kā lākou kumu mua o ka halihali. Ke koena nei nā pōpoki i lele maikaʻi ʻole i ko lākou mau ʻēheu i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hou ʻana.
ʻAi loa ʻo elytra e uhi piha i ka ʻōpū. Ma nā ulu ʻehā ʻole nā ʻēheu, ulu pu lākou. Ma luna - 9 mau puʻupuʻu longitudinal.
Pūleʻa palupalu
No kēia kikowaena nā subfamily o nā pīpī maoli maoli ka mea i maʻamau ma ʻEulopa, Russia a me ka Caucasus. ʻO ka lōʻihi kino - mai 20 a 35 mm. He kiʻi keleawe ke kanaka kū hoʻokahi me ke kāʻei maikaʻi. Ua hoʻonani ʻia ʻo Elytra me nā kāʻei gula maikaʻi.
Ke neʻe koke nei kēia pīpī, mahalo i kona mau wāwae ulu. ʻO ka pīhoihoi o ka māla me kahi mea i loaʻa i nā ʻōpala ikaika. Holo lākou i ka pō, a i ka lā e peʻe ai lākou ma lalo o nā lau, nā pōhaku, nā ʻili lāʻau. E lilo lākou i mau pale kiaʻi maoli no nā māla a me nā māla mahiʻai, ʻoiai lākou e luku ai i nā pōpoki pana (slugs, snails, caterpars).
Ke loaʻa nei kahi mea hihiu i kāna mea ʻānai, hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i kona mau ʻōpala a hoʻoheʻe i kahi wai e hoʻoponopono ai i ke kikoʻī o ka mea make. Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi o ia pahuhulu: i nā mahina o ke kauwela, hana kekahi i hōʻino iā 100-300 mau māla.
Pīni pīhoihoi maikaʻi
Ua nalo lākou i kēlā me kēia makahiki, no laila e pale ʻia lākou e ka Puke ʻĀina. Loaʻa lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Rūsia a me ʻElopa ʻĀina (i kekahi manawa ma ka ʻaoʻao waena).
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pīpī pīpī puhī he 12-18 mm. He ʻulaʻula kona kino, he ʻulaʻula, ke poʻo a me ka pronotum, me kahi ʻāpana gula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka elytra, me nā pihi ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula.
Makemake kēia holoholona i ka lepo nāu, no laila noho ia ma nā kapa o nā kahawai, nā loko, kokoke i nā ʻōpū. Holo lākou i ke ao, hānai i nā palolo a me nā invertebrates.
Heʻuʻala laulehu ʻāina
Hoʻopili kēia ʻano holoholona i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā cereals a me nā legumes. Aia i loko o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, a ma Rusia hoʻi, Kazakhstan a me Central Asia.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ʻeleʻele he 11-16 mm, me ka ngaki ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele. Hoʻopili ʻia ke poʻo. Kūleʻa nā lauoho gula liʻiliʻi ma luna o ka ʻaoʻao o ka elytra. ʻO ka pipiʻi Edeagus (kāne kāne) i ka ʻōpiopio, ʻuʻuku a me ka laulā ma nā ʻāpana. ʻO ke poʻo a me ka pronotum he ʻulaʻulaʻula i ka kala.
Noho ka pūleʻa lauwili i ka wahi anthropogenic. Hoʻoikaika mai Malaki a ʻOkakopa.
Kauka lepo Caucasian
ʻO kekahi mea hoihoi: ʻo kēia ka nui o nā ʻano nui ma Rusia. ʻO ka nui o nā pīpī lepo a hiki i 55 mm. ʻO ka hoʻolālā o waho o ka elytra he coarse-grained. Kāleʻele kala uliuli polū, i kekahi manawa me kahi'ōmaʻomaʻo lahilahi. Ua keʻu ka kua i mua o ke alo, a he palupalu kona alo, grainy. ʻEleʻele ka ʻaoʻao ʻili.
ʻOi mau ka pīpī lepo Caucasian i ka pō. He wānana āna e holo wikiwiki ana. E hānai ia i nā mollusks, earthworms a me nā pepeke insect. Noho ma nā wahi ulu maloʻo, nā māka a me nā māla. ʻO ka noho home no ka Caucasus.
Kūleʻa poʻo Crimean
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e 52 mm. Noho ka manu nunu i ke komohana a i ke komohana hema o Crimea, nona kona inoa. Noho ma nā wahi kuahiwi, nā nahele ulu nahele, nā māka a me nā māla.
Ke kala: uliuli, violet, ʻōuli, ʻeleʻele. Elytra granular, i waho e like me nā wrinkles. Mālama nui ia ma nā ʻanā hua waina. ʻAi ka mea ʻai i ka mollusk me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana i ka manawa like. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka pīpī, pipiʻi ʻo ia i lalo o ka hale ma lalo o 1-2 mau lā. Ma kahi kūlana pōpilikia, hana nā poʻe āpau e like me ke ʻano hoʻokahi: ua hoʻopuka lākou i kahi pūpū me ka ʻala pungent mai ka ʻōpū.
Pūleʻa palupalu
Hoʻopilikia kēia pōpoki i nā cereals a me nā legumes. ʻAi ʻo ia i ka pō, ʻai i ka palaoa, rye, palaoa, palaoa. Hoʻopili ʻia i nā māla wela a wela. Hoʻopilikia wale nō ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka pīpī, akā ʻo ka huʻū hoʻi e hānai ana i nā lau o nā mea kanu. Inā makemake ka mea ʻona i kēia mea hoʻoweliweli, hiki iā ia ke pehu. No kahi kanaka, ʻaʻohe pōpoki kahi pōpoki, akā e hōʻeha ia i ka pōʻino.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pīhoihoi mau ʻāina he 20-25 mm, ʻeleʻele loa ke kino. ʻO ka pronotum ma ka ʻaoʻao aʻe e kū nei. Loaʻa ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka Elytra i 9 mau kaula lōʻihi. ʻO Antennae pokole, ʻulaʻula. Nui ka poʻo. ʻIke ʻia ia ma ʻEulopa hema a me Rūsia. Hōʻike ʻia ka hana ʻoiau ma ka hopena o Iune.
Kōkōkō i ka ola ma ke ʻano
ʻO nā pākeke wale nō ke hāʻule i loko o ka ʻoliʻoli, akā, ma nā hihia kīnā ʻole, palā. Inā nānā ʻoe i nā wāwae mua o ka pīpī, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo inā he kāne a he wahine paha. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana o nā wāwae mua o ka wahine ma mua o nā wāwae hind. Akā aia nā mea ʻē aʻe: hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka wahine Crimean a me Caucasian i hōʻike wale ʻia i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.
He aha ia e ʻai ai?
ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻōleʻai paʻu e hānai ana i nā mea ulaula. Akā aia pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu e ʻai ana i nā meaʻai i hui ʻia (nā meaʻai kanu a me nā mea hihiu). Ma waena o nā meaʻepekema herbivorous e wehe i ka nui o nā pōpoki.
ʻO nā holoholona Predatory ka loaʻa hou ʻana o ka ʻōpū. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā kelepona salivary, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ʻōpū waena e hana ana me ka wai ʻili. Mālama ʻia nā ʻoki o ka mea i make i loko o ka goiterite o ka maule no 2-3 mau hola, a laila, ma lalo o ke koena o ka wai mai loko o ka ʻōpū waena, e lilo i ʻanuʻu. ʻO kekahi mau ʻelele o ka huaʻolelo Carabus, ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i ka mea i ʻai ʻia, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā ʻāhihi no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, e ninini pū ana ma luna o ke kaʻe o ka ʻōpū waena. Aia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mea pio i ka nui o like me ka lālani, ulu wale ka pīpī.
ʻAi pinepine ʻia nā pīpī lepo:
- pāʻelepule
- slugs
- nā ʻōpala
- kūwāwae,
- na anuenua, etc.
Pākuʻi ka meaʻai i nā ʻano. Ua loaʻa kēlā me kēia mea i kona mau makemake i nā meaʻai.
Pehea ia mea?
Hoʻomoe ka wā ulu i ka lā o ʻApelila I kekahi manawa, hiki i ka wahine ke waiho aku ma mua o ka 70 hua. E pale iā lākou, ke kanu nei ʻo ia i nā hua ma lalo o ka ʻāina a uhi ʻia iā lākou me ka lau. Inā ua maloʻo ka honua, a laila e hoʻohua i ka helehelena o nā ʻōpala. Hōʻailona ka hua palaoa i nā hebedoma ʻelua. I hoʻokahi makahiki, hiki i ka pīpī lepo ke waiho i nā hua i hoʻokahi manawa wale.
Nā pae pae
I ke anuanua a i ʻole nā pōʻino, ʻaʻohe manawa nā hika manu e hoʻopau i ka hoʻomohala i ka manawa, a laila ʻelua makahiki ka hana ai.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pīpī kuʻekuʻe kahi ola ola:
- kahi hua hua (ʻo ka huaʻōlelo o ka hana embryo e hilinaʻi i ka mahana),
- larva (hoʻomaka e hānai wikiwiki i ka lā 7-13, ka lā mua e ʻai ai i ka hua manu)
- pupa (kahi i kēia lā 12-14 lā),
- kanaka makua.
Mai ʻApelila a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake, uaʻai a ʻōpala i nā ala like ʻole me nā pīpī lepo makua. He mau kiaʻi ikaika ko lākou mai ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana. I ka ʻōhū o ʻAukake, ʻōkō ka larva i ka lua i ka lepo a haumāna i laila. Noho ʻo ia ma kēia kūlana no hoʻokahi mahina. ʻO ka hoʻololi i loko o ka pākeke e hele mai i ka pūnāwai.
He aha nā mea pōʻino no nā mea kanu ma ka hale a ma ka hale?
Hoʻopilikia wale nā pīpī lepo Herbivorous i nā mea kanu he nui, pili wale ia i ke ʻano o nā mea pīpī. E hōʻoki wale i ka hōʻiliʻili i nā pākeke wale nō, akā nā ʻōlaʻi. Hoʻopili kēia i ka palaoa a me ka lauoho lauoho. ʻO kēia mau 2 mau ʻanuʻu e pilikia ai nā mea kanu ma ka aina a ma ka hale. ʻAʻole like me nā pīpī lepo maʻamau, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai i nā mea kanu pala, akā nā mea kanu. ʻAno kahi ʻōloʻaka lōlele i kahi pepeiao o ka palaoa, hāʻule ka palaoa i ka lepo, a laila ʻai lākou. No ka hapalua mahina, hiki i hoʻokahi pīpī makua ke luku i 30 a 40 mau huaʻa.
Ma ka hale noho, ua hoihoi ʻia nā pīpī lepo ma nā meaʻai i waiho ʻia ma ka papa ʻaina, a me nā ʻano cereals ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kekahi mau laka ke komo i ka hale no ka ʻala o ka meaʻai holoholona.
Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo
Ma ka papa māla a i ʻole paha i loko o ka māla, pono ʻoe e kāpae i ka ʻai wale nō a me ka lauoho lauoho, no ka mea he pono nā mea ʻē aʻe. Pīlū ka pīpī paʻū ma nā mea kanu e pili ana i nā pūnaehana organophosphorus a me nā pyrethroids. Hoʻohui ʻia lākou me nā mea kūikawā kūikawā e hoʻomōhala ana i nā mahina a me nā māla.
No ka hana ʻole me nā mea kanu pono, pono ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale loa i ka hua i hala, e ukali i ka kaohi ʻana i ka loli ʻana, e kīloi i ka lepo a hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono i ke koena o nā aʻa. Pono e hana i nā kūlana kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ko lākou ulu ʻana. Inā hoʻopilikia ʻia nā pōpoki ma ka hale mokulele, pono e mālama koke ʻia lākou.
ʻO nā ala e ʻoi aku ka hopena e kū pono ai i ka pīpī lepo.
- Hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO ka mea mua, pono ʻoe e ʻimi i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o nā mauʻu. ʻO nā ʻōpala āpau, e hoʻolei koke ʻia nā mea i koe ma ka papa ʻaina. E mālama i ka papa o ka papahele, nā papaʻaina a me nā noho papa me kahi mea hoʻomehana kemikena (Dichlorvos). ʻO ke koho kumukūʻai ʻo ia ka maʻa maʻamau a i ʻole wīka, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai. Pono nā kolo a me nā huahana meaʻai ʻē aʻe i kahi e hoʻokomo ʻia ai i nā hoʻopuni ea.
- Ka huika Boric. Kokoke nā pepeke pau loa mai ka make i kēlā mau hale. ʻO ka pīpī o ka ʻāina, ka mea i ʻai i ka waikawa, e hoʻopili i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a make iā ia iho ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole.
- Ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike. Inā nui kahi mauʻu honu i hoʻohua ʻia i nā cereals, kahi ʻano maikaʻi loa e hana ai me lākou e puhi iā lākou i ka umu. Nui ka waiho i ka cereal me nā pōpoki ma laila no nā minuke 30 i kahi mahana o 100 degere. ʻO kekahi ʻano lawelawe pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai. E hoʻokomo i nā kuahi like o ia o ka manuahi a e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka mahana -15 tikeri.
ʻO nā ʻano o nā ʻano o nā ʻuʻina ʻāina e hoʻokō wale aku ʻole i nā mea hōʻino wale nō, akā ʻo nā mea pōmaikaʻi. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hakakā iā lākou, pono ʻoe e ʻimi pono i ka ʻano o nā ʻano āu i hālāwai ai, a ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pōmaikaʻi.
Noho ka ʻōpala ma nā wahi āpau o ka Honua. He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka ʻano o ke kino akā ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona (ka ʻula, ke ʻano) o kēlā me kēia ʻano kūikawā. Loaʻa nā Beetles i kahi neʻe ʻana i ke ola i nā makahiki 4. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pīpī lepo he mau mea mālama i ka māla. Akā ʻo nā ʻōiwi āpau o ka ʻāina ka mea hoʻopilikia i ka poʻe noho o ka hale, no laila pono ʻoe e mālama i ka maʻemaʻe i ka hale a nānā i nā mea kanu hale.
He aha kā kēia pōʻai ʻai?
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā moile o kēia ʻano he mea hoʻohewa. Hiki i kekahi mau ʻano o nā pīpī keʻai ke ʻai i ʻai ʻia (maksofag, no ka laʻana, ka nui o ka mea kuhi, akā aia kekahi i nā mea kanu). Loaʻa nā mea hoʻohilahila i loaʻa.
I nā iniseti e hānai ana i nā meaʻai kanu, nui nā ʻōpū a malolo. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio o ka mea like me nā popo: nā wāwae ulu lōʻihi, ke poʻo poʻomanaʻo, he kino o ka convex a i ʻole nā ʻāpana elongated. Ua pōkole nā Phytophages, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā mea koho, nā wāwae, kahi ʻano kino e puni ana.
ʻO kēia mau ʻano e like me ka hui o nā entomophages:
- vietewiki ground beetle,
- Ermak,
- Lopatin,
- Gebler,
- Cimean (violet),
- Kaukia
- kahaha no
- hoke gula gula,
- trellised
- a me na mea e ae he nui.
- berena, berena
- holo
- laulau
- nā papalū
- mau ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Harm of ground beetles no nā mea kanu a me nā kānaka
ʻAʻole hōʻino nā mea kanu karnivorous i nā hua a i ʻole nā kānaka. Ma kahi'ē aʻe, kōkua lākou i ka luku ʻana i nā pōpilikia e hōʻino i ka pōʻino nui i ka ʻona. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano holoholona e ʻai wale ana ma ka nā pepeke wale nō, akā ma nā mollusks (snails), nā puʻupuʻu, a me nā kukuna. ʻIke pinepine i nā māla hiki ke loaʻa i nā mania hakahaka o nā snails grape. Pēlā nō ka hana ʻana o ka pīpī a ka ʻāina i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea ʻai - ke ʻilue iho nei a nalowale i loko o ka meʻa o ka mea nāna e hoʻihoʻi i ka mea nāna e hilo, a noho wale ʻole kāna ʻū.
Inā ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli nā entomophages i nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu, a laila ʻo nā phytophages kahi mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke luku i kahi nui o nā cereals i kēlā me kēia kau. Hoʻaloʻaleʻa ka poʻeʻelemakule i nā kumu o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu ulu nui, e hōʻeha ana iā lākou. Hōʻalo nā kuʻekuʻe i ka lepo, kahi e mālo ai kahi pōleke iā lākou a ʻai iā lākou.
ʻO kekahi inoa inoa no ka pīlehu humpback he humpback peun. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā kaikua ʻai pono e kona ʻeleʻele saturated me ka paila metallic, pōpoki antennae pōkole o kahi hue ʻulaʻula. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o Peune ma mua o kahi mea wānana maʻamau. ʻO ka hapa ākea o ka pākeke makua he 1.5 cm.
Hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻekiʻe o nā pūpū pest i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela. I Mei-Iune, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka humpback peunas ma nā wahi me nā huaʻai.
Kāohi nā ara a me nā mea pale ʻana
ʻAʻohe mea e pono ai e hoʻopau i nā mea kauō. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻowalewale iā lākou i ka māla a me nā māla e mālama ai i nā pōpoki. E kōkua ka ulupa i ka mālama ʻana i ka hua - ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā meaolaola.
Me ka pune humpbacked, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kūlana. Ua ʻai ʻo ia i nā mea kanu mea kanu a hiki iā ia ke luku i ʻekolu a ʻehā i nā pepeiao i ka 7 a 10 mau lā. Noho kēia ʻano ma nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi, a ʻike ʻia ka hōʻino mai kā lākou hana.
Pehea e hana ai me ka pīpī lepo ʻeleʻele? Pili ka pīpī i kekahi mau ʻano o nā pepeke manuahi:
- kahiki,
- hui pūpū ʻōpala
- ʻO nā pyrethroids.
ʻO nā inoa o nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau e kōkua ana i ka hakakā: Bishka, Boundary, Cruiser 350 P5, Yunta Quadro. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea e mālama i nā hua kanu ma mua o ka lulu. No ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia, diazinon, Pirinex 48, ʻo Nurel D, Shaman e hoʻohana ʻia.
Hoʻopili ke mālama i nā lāʻau olakino, hiki i nā mea mahiʻai ke kōkua i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka maʻi o ka pale a pale i kona hiʻohiʻona ma nā mahina i ka wā e hiki mai ana me nā hana maʻalahi:
- ka koho kūpono ʻana o ka wahi kahi i hoʻolālā ʻia ai ka lulu (ʻaʻole e kanu i nā cereals ma kahi like).
- e koho i nā hua kiʻekiʻe no ka lūlū,
- hānai ʻia me nā hua ulu o nā mea kanu a me nā minelala,
- hōʻiliʻili wikiwiki (hoʻāʻo e hōʻemi i ka lohi o ka palaoa i ka manawa like),
- lawe aku i nā kua o nā mea kanu a me ka mauʻu me ka hū ʻole i ka palaoa ma nā kihi o ka mahina ʻai,
- ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, pono e hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka lepo e wehe i ka mea kina.
- e hoʻokō i nā māla hou i ka wā e hoʻolālā nei i ka kanu lūlū.
I kekahi manawa hele mai kahi pīhoihoi lepo i ka mahinaʻai, akā i nā hale a me nā hale. No ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kahi mea hoʻokipa i ʻike ʻole ʻia, lawa ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka pā ma ka pā me ka huki piha ʻana o nā ʻōpala mai nā kihi a pau, e komo pū kekahi. ʻAʻole waiho e ʻai ʻia ka meaʻai ma waho o ka friji. Pono e paʻa loa ka meaʻai ʻoi. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōpala, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a mālama pono i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe (maʻa mau i ka kīhini) ʻaʻole hāʻawi i nā pōpoki i wahi e māhele ai i ka hale.