Palapala Latin: | Emberiza hortulana |
Kaulana: | Nā ʻāpana |
Ohana: | Oatmeal |
Hoʻohui: | ʻO ka wehewehe ʻōiwi Europa |
ʻAno a me ke ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka oatmeal, pōkole-kāwili ʻia a paʻa. ʻO nā wāwae he pōkole a nāwaliwali nā wāwae, ʻaʻole pākani, he elongated, me kahi pāho pololei a liʻiliʻi paha a kahi neʻe ʻole e haʻi ʻia ma waena o ka beak a me ka pono. ʻO ka loa o ke kino 15-1-18 cm, ke kaupaona 16-30 g, nā honu 23–29 cm.ʻO ka ʻano e like me ke oatmeal maʻamau.
ʻO keʻano. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā kua a me nā ʻēheu ke brownish-mottled, ka lalo i ka ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kāne a me ka umauma he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-hina me ka popo ʻalika-melemele melemele, kakā a me ke apo a puni ka maka. ʻOlo ka wahine, he ʻoliva mau ka lāʻau, ka palena o nā kala ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻulaʻula ma ka umauma he “masked” e nā ʻumiʻumi lōʻihi, nā puʻu melemele. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā manu ʻōpio a hoʻomākeʻakū ʻia, ʻūpekilika a me nā pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hoʻololi ʻia e ka pale ocher a ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻelua ʻelua o nā hulu hipa o ka oval ma mua o ke ʻano like o ka wedge. I nāʻaʻahu a pau, ʻokoʻa ka pena mai ka oatmeal maʻamau i ka ʻole o kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo a me ka pāpale puali, kahi aniani hamama a puni ka maka. Mai kahi mamao, ʻike ʻia ka beak ʻulaʻula a me nā wāwae. He manu lele manu ka ʻokoʻa mai ka oatmeal maʻamau me ka paʻu (hoʻokahi leo me ke kua) i lalo i hope a ʻo ke ʻano kūlike ʻē aʻe o nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma ka huelo.
Manaʻo. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke mele i ka ʻōnaehana like me ke mele o ke oatmeal maʻamau, akā i ka pōkole, ua like ke ʻano o kēia manawa i ka mele o Dubrovnik - “Zir-Zir-Zir-Zyu. "a ʻole"ziri-ziri-ziri-lyuyu. ", Loaʻa ka hapa nui o ka syllable hope ma mua o nā mea i hala. Kāhea, kāhea nui o ka hopohopo - leo nui "tiv», «inu», «hiehē", E like me ka finch, ʻaʻole ka mea hoʻokalakupua oatmeal maʻamau.
Ke Kūlana ʻokoʻa. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā moʻomeheu mai Western Europe a hiki i ka moku Baikal, Mongolia, Iran, ka Middle East. Ma Scandinavia hiki i ka ʻākau i ka ʻAlika Arctic, ma Rūsia - a hiki i ka ʻaoʻao o ka taiga kūkulu hema. Ka haʻalele ʻae, ka hoʻoilo i loko o ʻAmelika ʻApika. Hōʻailona ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ulu lāʻau.
Ke noho maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. E makemake nui ia i nā ʻano honua mosaic (ʻo ka hapa nui anthropogenic ma ka ulu lāʻau). ʻO kēia nā kihi, nā ʻanuʻu anuʻu, nā ʻūlele nahele, nā ʻōlule me ka mauʻu. Noho pū kekahi no hoʻi me nā kumulāʻau, nā ʻōpala maloʻo. Hele mai ia i ka manawa o nā lau, mai ka hopena o ʻApelila. Nāʻaina ma ka ʻāina, i uhi ʻia me nā pale o ka mauʻu. ʻO ka clch ka maʻamau he 4-6 hua me kahi māmā, me kahi pinkish, brown a ʻulaʻula hue o ka pūpū, i uhi ʻia i nā kīmonaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, nā curl a me nā laina. Hoʻokumu wale ka wahine wahine i kahi pānaʻi a hoʻopaʻa i ka ulu ʻana, noho ka incubation he 11-13 mau lā, a hānai i nā pipi i ka noke i kahi lā he 8-10. Hoʻokahi wale nō kamekahi i kēlā me kēia. Hoʻomaka ka haʻalele i ka waena o ʻAukake a hoʻopau i Sepatemaba.
ʻIke ʻia nā mokulele ʻo Isolated ma ke kahakai ʻo ʻEleau o ka Caucasus ʻulaʻulaʻula ʻulaʻulaEmberiza caesia. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ka hoʻohuiʻana, ka nui, ka kala, leo, like like me ka māla oatmeal. Kūʻokoʻa i ka hina hina (mai ke kāne ka puʻu) ʻo ke poʻo a me ka umauma (me ke ʻano ʻoni ʻoliva-ʻākala), ʻaʻole ka melemele (ʻeleʻele i ke kāne, ka ʻoka kukui ma ka wahine a me nā manu ʻōpio) "ka ʻōpū" a me ka ʻāʻī, ke kīnika a nā pua, a me ka puʻu ʻulaʻula.
Ma ka hikina o ka Caucasus, i nā ʻōpala maloʻo a me nā mauna haʻahaʻa me nā pulu, nā mea hoʻokomo ʻia a me nā puhaka pōhaku. pōhaku ʻā, a i ole pōhaku, oatmealʻO Emberiza buchanani. ^ E Ha yM. I ka hoʻohui, ka nui, ka ʻano o ka hoʻonaninani, nā kala o ka beak a me nā wāwae, he like like me ka māla oatmeal, akā ʻaʻohe mau mālamalama a me ka melemele i loko o ka plumage, nā kihi ma ke kua he blurry, ka ʻōpala a me ke kani orbital he keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻohe pāpale hina ma ka umauma. He poʻo palalaha ka poʻo o ke kāne, ʻaʻole i kūkulu ka wahine i nā ʻōpala i loko o ka umauma, ʻike liʻiliʻi nā ʻōiwi ʻōpio. ʻO nā kāhea, e like me ke kīleʻala o ke kīlea, he mele me kahi hopena ʻokoʻa - "ziv-ziv-ziv-tyur-dash».
Kauhi Kahi (Emberiza hortulana)
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao māla kīkaha (i mua - Hazyanka mākeke)
ʻO ka'āpana āpau o Belarus
ʻOatemeal ʻohana - Emberizidae.
ʻO nā mea Monotypic, ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu i nā subspecies.
Kekahi liʻiliʻi manuahi migratory a transit migratory ʻano. E kahele nui ʻia i ka hapa nui i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka repubalika (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hapa ma ka ʻaoʻao hema a Polesie).
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua oatemile maʻamau. ʻO ka nui o ka sparrow, like like me ia ma ka hōʻike i ke kino ākea o ke kino, ʻo ka huelo wale nō ka elongated. Aia ka kāne i ka piko a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, a me ka umauma, ashen-hina, a ʻo ka ʻōpū hoʻi ʻāpana ʻāpana. ʻO ke kua a me ke kāʻei o ka oliva-ʻulaʻula me nā peka ʻ lōʻihi lōʻihi a me ka ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū ʻūpiki i nā ʻulaʻula, ka ʻukā a me nā wāwae nā ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka wahine like like nā kāne, akā ʻoi aku ke kapa o ka palaki ma mua o ke kaulike. He poʻo poʻo a me ka umauma ka wahine ma nā kuʻekuʻe lōʻihi lōʻihi, a nele pū kekahi mau ʻōpio i nā ʻona ʻulaʻula i ka ʻalaʻī o ka umauma. ʻO ka paona o ke kāne he 19-26 g, ʻo nā wahine he 18-25 g. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino (nā kāne ʻelua) he 16-17.5 cm, nā ʻēheu he 24-29 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu o nā kāne he 8-9 cm, ʻo ka ʻili ʻo 6-7.5 cm, 1.7-2 cm, beak 1 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu wahine he 8 cm, ʻehā 6.5 cm, tarsus 1.9-2 cm, pohā 1 cm.
He mele sonantous, he melodic, ua like like me ke kani ʻana o ke kakaka o ka mauhe a me ke kani ʻana.
Noho ia kahi papahele me nā kumulāʻau kiʻekiʻe i kahi waiho wale ʻia, nā pua lāʻau nui a ʻaʻole hoʻi nā lāʻau maloʻo nui loa. Makemake i nā kihi o nā wahi lāʻau a me nā mea kanu i waena o nā mahina. Noho paha kekahi ma nā māla, nā kahawai wai a me nā wahi kīhāpai o kahi ākea, i nā māla lau nahele hau e uhi ʻia ma nā ala, ma nā pā nui i ulu ʻia me nā pale o nā ʻano lāʻau a me ka mauʻu.
Ma ka puna wai e hōʻea a lele i ka hapa lua o ʻApelila - mua o Mei. ʻO nā huahelu mua ke kū mua a hiki i hope ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana e hoʻomaka ai lākou e hīmeni.
I kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai, ua koho ka māla oatmeal i kahi pae papahele a hele i ka kūkulu ʻana i ka ʻanu. ʻO nā moʻomeheu ma nā wāwae kaʻawale, kahi e kū pinepine ma kahi lōʻihi ʻē aʻe mai kekahi i kekahi. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau makahiki i kekahi mau wahi hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hoʻokukū mālohi.
Kūkulu ʻia ʻo ia kahi papa i ka ʻāina, ka mea pinepine i nā māla i kanu ʻia, ma kahi māla mika, i waena o nā māla laupaʻa ma lalo o kahi ulu lāʻau a i ʻole kūwī o ka mauʻu, ma lalo o kahi canopy earthen, mākaukau hoʻohui ʻia. E makemake ana i kahi pāheu e loaʻa ai kahi pūnaka ma luna o ka ʻūhā e pili ana: ma ka pili o kahi pali liʻiliʻi, kahi ʻeli a i ʻole kai mana. E hana i kahi pūnana, koho ʻo ia i ka lua i hohonu kahi hohonu a ma kona pae kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā kumu waiwai ka lāʻau maloʻo a me nā lau cereal, nā aʻa maloʻo, a me nā lau malo i kekahi manawa. Nui a lini ka lihi (a hiki i 1.5 cm mānoanoa) a he mau o nā aʻa, ka hulu hipa, i kekahi mau mea me ka hoʻohui o nā hulu. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ʻana o ka pūnana: ka mika aihui he 13,4 cm, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe 5.2 cm, he hohonu hohonu 3.7 cm, diameter 6.8 cm.
I ka piha ʻana i ka 4-6 (maʻamau ʻo 5) mau hua. Māloʻu ka pōpoki, keʻokeʻo, me kahi hina hina, me ka uhi ʻana, ʻonanani, i kekahi manawa pinkish a i ʻole ka papalula brownish tint. Ma luna o nā wahi, nā pōpoki, nā maka, nā loulou convoluted i līlū iki ʻia: nā wahi ākea ākea (ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula a i ʻole cherry-ʻeleʻele) a me nā mea hohonu hou (mau kukui a me ka violet-hina a pink-violet) paha. ʻO ka paona hua 2.6 g, ka lōʻihi 18-20 mm, diameter 15 mm.
Hoʻomaka ka manu e waiho i nā hua i ka waena o Mei - i ka hoʻomaka o Iune. Aia paha he brood i hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo ka hiki ʻana o nā kālai mua ʻaʻole paʻa. I ka ulu ʻana o ka make masonry, ʻike hou ʻia ia. Hoʻopili ka wahine iā 11-12 mau lā. Mālama nā mākua ʻelua i nā ʻoki.
Aia ma ka makahiki he 10 mau lā, ʻaʻole maopopo no ka lele ʻana, e hoʻoheʻeʻe ʻo nā moa mai ka lehelehe a pālahalaha i nā wahi like ʻole. ʻO kēia ʻano hana i kekahi nui e pale i ka make o ka brood holoʻokoʻa mai nā mea wānana.
Loaʻa nā ʻōpio o nā manu ʻōpio i ka hopena o Iune - Iulai i nā awāwa muliwai. Ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka hāʻule, ʻaʻole hana i nā buntings pua i nā ʻala nui.
Ke hāʻule ʻana o ka mahina o ka māla o ka māla ma Belarus i ka hapa lua o Kepakemapa - ka hapa mua o ʻOkakopa.
ʻAi lākou i nā hua kanu o nā mea kanu, ʻoiai e hānai ana i nā kao liʻiliʻi i ʻimi lākou i nā pepeke liʻiliʻi a me kā lākou ulu.
Ua helu ʻia ka nui o ka oatmeal ma Belarus i ka helu 2.5-4 tausani mau huina, e like me ka helu hou ʻana o ka 2-4 tausani mau pālua. Hoʻololi ka helu i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano me nā Red Book o Belarus mai 1993. ʻO nā mea nui e hoʻoweliweli ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā agrolandscapes, ʻo ia hoʻi ka luku ʻana i nā coppices, nā pale wao a me nā mea kanu lāʻau ma waena o nā pā a me nā ʻano nahele.
ʻO ka nui loa makahiki i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ʻEulopa he 6 mau makahiki 10 mau mahina.
1. Grichik V.V., Burko L. D. "holoholona aupuni o Belarus. Vertebrates: puke paʻi." Koik, 2013. -399 p.
2. Nikiforov M.E., Yaminsky B.V., Shklyarov L.P. "Nā manu o Belarus: He Puke Hana-Hana no nā Nests a me nā ʻUmi" Minsk, 1989. -479 p.
3. Gaiduk V. Ye., Abramova I. V. "Ekemu o na manu ma ka hema-komohana o Belarus. Passeriformes: a monograph." Brest, 2013.
4. Fedyushin A. V., Dolbik M. S. "Nā manu o Belarus". Minsk, 1967. -521s.
5. Fransson, T., Jansson, L., Kolehmainen, T., Kroon, C. & Wenninger, T. (2017) EURING papa inoa o nā moina lōʻihi no nā manu ʻEulopa.
ʻO keʻano
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana a me ʻEulopa. I ka hāʻule ʻana, ua hele ʻo ia i uka i ke kai ʻāina i loko o ʻApelika, e hoʻi ana i kona ʻāina i ka hopena o ʻApelila - mua o Mei. Hoʻokomo ʻia kā lākou wahi noho ma nā wahi like ʻole o kā lākou pākaha. No laila, ma Farani, makemake nui nā kīhāpai i noho i nā wahi me nā pā waina, ʻoiai ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike ʻia i kēlā mau ʻāina. Pahu aku ka lōʻihi ma ka ʻākau i Scandinavia a ma waho o ka ʻAlika Arctic, kahi e ʻai ai ka manu i nā māla palaoa a me kā lākou mau puke.
ʻO 16 mm ka lōʻihi o ka oatmeal a kaupaona 20-25 g. I ka helehelena a me ke ʻano, he ʻano like ia me ka oatmeal maʻamau, akā ʻokoʻa ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo-poʻo ka poʻo. He leo monoton ka leo, he mele kekahi mau whistles a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o ka oatmeal.
Aia ka ʻona a ma kahi kokoke i ka lepo. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano oval a i ʻāpana paha, he 8-12 cm ka diameter.ʻO ka oatmeal e waiho i ka 4-6 hua me ka hua ʻala a me kahi aniani o ka uliuli. Noho ka Incubation i nā lā 11-12. Lele lele nā ʻōpiopio i waho o ka nano i ka lua o ka mahina o Iune.
E hānai nā māla oatmeal i nā hua kanu, akā ua ʻai ʻo nā pīpī a me nā mea inikua ʻē aʻe i nā ʻoki a ʻai ʻia lākou.
ʻO ka lōʻihi loa e kali ai ke ola ma ka hihiu ʻo 5.8 mau makahiki.
Naikeaaumea
ʻAi ʻia ka māla ʻinmeal a manaʻo ʻia he mea momona. ʻO ka hana kuʻuna, nā lāʻau kīhāpai i ikaika loa ʻia, i paʻa i loko o kahi pahu pouli me ka millet. Hoʻopili ka pōʻeleʻele i kēia mau manu i ka ʻano o ke komo mau ʻana o ka meaʻai. Make ʻo Oatmeal e ka make ʻana ma Armagnac, a laila ʻāwīwī ʻia a ʻānai loa ia. ʻO ka ʻōlelo kuʻuna Pelekane o ka hoʻopili ʻana o kēia pānaʻu ka mea i hoʻopili ai i ke poʻo a me ka ʻai ʻana i kahi napkin, kahi e lawelawe ai i ka momona o ka pā. ʻO kēia mōʻī hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hūnā i nā mea e hele mai ana mai nā maka aku o ke Akua. (I ka 6th o ke kolamu o ka manawa 3 o ka helu Kōmila, ua hōʻike maoli ʻia kēia hana)
ʻO ka ʻili oatemeal kekahi ʻāpana o nā kalepa ʻē aʻe o Cyprus.
Ke kālai ʻia nei no ka lawaiʻa ma oatmeal e ka kānāwai ma Farani mai 1999; akā nō naʻe. Ma waena o 1997 a me 2007, ʻoi aku ka 50,000 oatmeal i ʻai i Farani i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ma ka hopena o 30% e hōʻemi ai i ko lākou heluna kanaka.
Kāleka
ʻO ka nui o ka oatmeal o ka māla liʻiliʻi: ka lōʻihi o kona lōʻihi ma kahi o 16 cm, a ʻo kona paona ka 20 a 25 g, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka like ʻana me kahi manu, ʻaʻole hiki ke hiki ke hilahila i kēia mau manu ʻelua: ʻo ka laulā o ka māla o ka māla ua nui a ʻōleʻa, a ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ke ʻano kino: ʻoi aku kona kino, ua ʻoi aku kona mau wāwae, a ʻo kona mau wāwae a me kona huelo.
Ma kēia ʻano ʻano, ua ʻokoʻa ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻona me ka wahine a me ke ʻano o ka manu. I ka hapanui o ka ululāʻau ʻo ke poʻo, ua ʻanuʻu ʻia ke poʻo i ka hiu hina-hina, a laila kahe i loko o kahi ʻalaʻala nui-ʻalaʻala o ka plumage ma ka ʻāʻī, a laila i loko o kahi ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula ma hope o kahi manu, ka mea i hoʻololi ʻia e ka hina ʻulaʻula me kahi kaʻe ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo a ma luna. ʻO ka plumage ma nā ʻēheu he ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula, me nā wahi liʻiliʻi e ʻokeo.
ʻO ka līlū māmā e puni i ka maka, me ka hulu, ka ʻālana a me ka goiter, hiki i kahi kolo mai ka saturated kaila melemele i ka melemele keʻokeʻo, e lilo i ʻalohi i kahi ʻalala hina-i ka umauma o oatmeal. ʻO ka ʻōpū a me ka paʻa ʻana i kahi a'āpana brownish me kahi kālai melemele ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka beak a me nā wāwae o kēia mau manu i kahi ʻāpana a ʻulaʻulaʻula, a he ʻulaʻulaʻula ka maka.
He hoihoi! I ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻokaʻawale ke ʻano o ke kauwela o nā kīhāpai o ke kauwela: hiki ke ʻano o kona ʻano ke aniani, a ākea ke aniani ākea ma nā kihi o nā hulu.
I nā manu ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka weluwelu o ke kala, ʻo ka ʻoi aku, ua hoʻohālikelike nā pupu pālule i nā kālai maka lōʻihi i luna o ke kino holoʻokoʻa a me ke poʻo. ʻAno a meʻala o kaʻili a me nā wāwae, ʻaʻole ʻulaʻula, e like me kā lākou mau mākua makua.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
ʻO ka oatmeal māla kekahi o kēlā mau manu e lele i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo e hoʻomehana i nā latitude i ka hāʻule. I ka manawa like, i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai lākou e hele, e like me ke kānāwai, ua hāʻule i waena o ka ʻāʻī. I ka pūnāwai, e waiho ana nā manu i ka hoʻoilo ma ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika Hema a hoʻi i ko lākou mau wahi kamaʻāina e hāʻawi i ke ola i kahi hanauna hou o nā hana paka.
He hoihoi! ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā hāla māla ʻana i ka hema ma nā hipa he nui, akā hoʻi lākou mai nā wanderings, e like me ke kānāwai, ma nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.
Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau manu i kahi nohona i kēlā me kēia lā, a i ke kauwela ua hana ikaika lākou i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, ke hala ka wela i kahi mea liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻomaka. E like me nā mea hele a pau, ʻo nā pōlaki o nā māla e like me ka ʻauʻau ʻana i nā puddles, nā kahe wai pāpū a me nā muliwai puʻuwai pāpale, a ma hope o ka ʻauʻau ʻana e noho ana i ka kahakai a hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i kā lākou palaʻala. O ka leo o kēia mau manu, he mea hoʻomanaʻo ia no ka hele ʻana a ka poʻe passerine, akā he mau pūheu hoʻi ia, ka mea i kapa ʻia e nā ʻāpekema "bunting". E like me ke kānāwai, ke hīmeni nei nā kuapo kīhāpai, e noho ana ma nā lālā kiʻekiʻe o nā kumulaau a i nā mea kanu lāʻau paha, mai kahi e ʻike pono ai lākou i ke kūlana a me ko lākou manawa e ʻike maoli ʻia ai.
ʻAʻole e like me nā manu liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia nā manu sassy, akā like ʻole lākou i ka makaʻu i ka poʻe: hiki ke hoʻomau lākou e hana i kā lākou ʻoihana ma ke alo o kahi kanaka. A, ʻae ʻia he mea e pono ai nā kānaka ka makaʻu i ka pōlani māla, ʻoi aku hoʻi ia o ka poʻe e noho nei ma Farani: e kōkua kēia i ka nui o lākou e pale i ka hopena o ka hopu ʻana a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e hoʻopau ʻana i loko o kahi hale paʻa ma ke kihi nohona, a ma ka pōʻino loa lilo loa i kahi kīʻaha gourmet i loko o kahi hale inu nui.
Eia naʻe, i ka hoʻopio ʻana, lawe nui kēia mau manu i ke aʻa, ʻo ia ke kumu no ka nui o nā mea aloha i ka holoholona hihiu e mālama iā lākou i ka home.. ^ E Ha yM. Mālama i nā māla māla, e noho ana i loko o kahi hale a mea manuahi paha, e ʻoluʻolu e lawe i kā lākou mau mea nona ka lima o lākou, a inā hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia mau manu mai ka lua, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻāʻo e lele, akā, ka mea pinepine, ma hope o ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau kaila liʻiliʻi ma ka lumi, ua hoʻi lākou i ka hale . ^ E Ha yM.
Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke ʻano
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa ka nui o nā kāne a me nā wahine o nā ʻulā o nā kīhāpai, a ua like like ko lākou ʻano ke kino, koe wale nō ka mea i hiki i ka wahine ke lilo i mau poizuyuschee. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike maoli ʻia ka ʻili dimorphism ma kēia mau manu ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa like o ka waihoʻi o ka plumage: i nā kāne he ʻoi aku ia a ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā wahine. ʻO nā mea nui ka hoʻonaninani ʻia ke poʻo o ke kāne, hina ke kua a me ke kua ʻeleʻele, me ka ʻāʻī, goiter, umauma a me ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, pinepine me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele.
I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka wahine, ʻoi ʻōleo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke mau i ka nui, a ʻo kona umauma a me kona ʻōpū e keʻokeʻo me kahi pupu māla-ʻala-hina. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā palena māmā e like me ke kāne. Akā he mau ʻāpana palahā ʻē aʻe a ka wahine ma kona umauma, kahi kokoke i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ke kāne.
Nui! Kolo ʻia ka moena o ka māla ʻulaʻula i nā aniani o kahi mahana wela, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻōpio he maʻalahi ke maopopo i ko lākou mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo greenish-olive, ka mea i hoʻomālamalama ʻia i ke kala o kā lākou plumage.
ʻO Habitat, noho
ʻO ka oatmeal māla e pālahalaha ma ʻEulopa a me Asia Komohana. ʻAʻole e like me nā mele mele he nui i makemake i nā latitude haʻahaʻa, hiki ke loaʻa a hiki i ka Arctic.I ka hema, e pālahalaha ana kā lākou laulā ma ʻEulopa i ke ala a hiki i ka Mediterranean, akā naʻe, o nā mokupuni lākou e noho wale ana ma Kipra. Noho kēia mau manu ma ʻAsia - mai Suria a Palestine a hiki i Mongolia i komohana. No ka hoʻoilo, lele ka lele o nā māla i nā ʻaoʻao o ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai lākou e hoʻomaka ana mai ke Kaiwaea a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ponoʻī.
He hoihoi! Aia i ka ʻāpana o kā lākou pākuʻi, hiki i nā noho kīkaha ke noho i nā ʻano o nā wahi, a, i ka manawa pinepine, i loko o kahi kahi āu e ʻike ʻole ai iā lākou ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
No laila, ma Farani, noho kēia mau manu kokoke i nā māla waina, akā ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i nā wahi ʻē aʻe ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.. ^ E Ha yM. Noho ʻo Oatmeal i nā wahi ulu a me nā wahi ākea. Ma nā ulu lāʻau ikaika, ʻike ʻia aku lākou i nā mālamalama, nā kihi, a i ʻole nā moʻo i uhi ʻia me nā lāʻau lāʻau. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou i loko o nā māla - kūlohelohe a i haʻalele ʻole ʻia, a ma nā kahawai wai hoʻi. Loaʻa ʻia kēia mau manu ma nā mauna haʻahaʻa, ma nā puʻu, akā, ʻaʻole lākou i piʻi i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe.
Pāʻaiʻai oatmeal
Hoʻokomo nui ka oatmeal olakino i nā meaʻai mea kanu, akā hiki i nā hua ʻai ke ʻai i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi e like me nā kui, spiders, nā pepeke a me nā loʻi lāʻau, i ka wā lactation. I kēia manawa, lilo nā uka o nā pōpoki like ʻole, e like me ka mauka lāʻau, nā meaʻai punahele. E like me ka inoa o ka manu, ʻo ka ʻala oat ka mea punahele punahele, akā, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ka māla o ka māla mai ka bale, a me nā hua o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe: bluegrass, nettle, highlander bird, clover, dandelion, plantain, hoʻopoina-me-ʻaʻole, ka ʻeha, fescue, puna kalaiwa.
He hoihoi! E makemake nui i ka oatmeal māla e hānai i nā moa me nā mea kanu o ka mea kanu a me nā meaʻai holoholona. I ka manawa like, i ka wā mua, e hānai nā mākua iā lākou me ka meaʻai semi-kākela, kahi lākou e lawe mai ai i ka goiter, a laila - me nā pepona piha.
Pahu a keiki
Hoʻomaka koke ka manawa hoʻouluulu i kēia mau manu ma hope o ko lākou hoʻi hou ʻana i kā lākou wahi, ʻoiai ua hōʻea nā kāne i kekahi mau lā ma mua o nā kāne, ʻo ia a ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana o ka wahine, hoʻomaka lākou e hīmeni i nā mele, e ʻohi ana i nā hopuna o nā manu o ka wahine ʻē.
Ke loaʻa nā kime, hoʻomaka ka pākole e kūkulu i kahi pānaʻi, a, e kūkulu i kona waihona, koho lākou i kahi ala ʻai kokoke i ka ʻāina, i uhi ʻia me nā kumu maloʻo o nā mea kanu, nā aʻa lau a i nā lau maloʻo. ʻO ka uhi o loko o ka manu manu i uhi ʻia me ka lio a i ʻole nā lauoho ʻē aʻe o ka ungulate, i loaʻa ai iā lākou, i kekahi manawa naʻe, e hoʻohana ana ka lāʻau ʻoi māla i ka hulu a i ole fluff no kēia mau kumu.
He ʻano koina a ʻokoʻa paha ka pūnana i ʻelua ʻāpana: waho a i loko. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki i ka huina ke hiki ke loaʻa i 12 cm, a ʻo ka lapalapa o ke kihi i loko a hiki i ka 6.5 cm.ʻI kēia hihia, hoʻonui ʻia ka wahī e 3-4 cm, no laila e hoʻopili ʻia kona ʻaoʻao me ke kaʻe o ka lua i hoʻonohonoho ʻia.
He hoihoi! Inā mahana a mahana ka lulu i ka lā, a laila ʻelua lā hana kūkulu hale ʻana. Hoʻomaka ka wahine wahine i ka waiho ʻana i ka lā 1-2 ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kāna kūkulu ʻia ʻana.
E like me ke kānāwai, ma loko o ka umauma e 4-5 mau hua keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me kahi ʻala hā o ke oʻo o ka hua, i ʻoki ʻia me nā wahi nui ʻalāʻulaʻula i loko o ke ʻano o nā kīwī a me nā ʻalohi. Eia hoʻi ma ka pūhaka hua ʻike ʻoe i nā wahi hina-hina i loaʻa ma lalo o lākou. ʻOiai ke noho nei ka wahine ma ka nuku, me ka hānai i ka hua e hiki mai ana, lawe mai ke kāne i kāna meaʻai a me nā ʻano āpau āpau e pale aku i ka pōʻino.
Hānau ʻia ʻo Chicks ma kahi o 10-14 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hatching. ʻO lākou i uhi ʻia i ka hina hina-brown, a, e like me ka hapa nui o nā mele hīmeni, ke ana o ka beak i loko o kahi ʻulaʻula poʻokela a i ʻole raspberry hue. ʻAnohea nā moa, akā ulu koke, a ma hope o 12 mau lā ke hiki iā lākou ke haʻalele i ka pūnana ma luna o lākou, a ma hope o nā lā 3-5 hoʻomaka lākou e aʻo e lele. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka mua nā moa i ʻai i nā hua ʻai like ʻole o nā mea cereal a i ʻole nā mea kanu ʻano lāʻau a kokoke loa lākou i ka huli i ka hānai holoholona e kanu i nā meaʻai.
Ma ka hopena o ke kauwela, ʻākoakoa ka ʻōpiopio me ko lākou mau mākua i hōʻuluʻulu i nā ʻohana a hoʻomākaukau e lele i ka hema, a i ka manawa like, hoʻopuʻi nā manu ʻoi aku ka wā o ka palaki nui ʻia e ka hou. ʻO ka mahele lua o ka makahiki he ʻāpana, a, e like me kekahi mau mea noiʻi, i loko o Ianuali a i Pepeluali paha. Me ia, pili kahi kuapo o nā hulu liʻiliʻi. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki ka ʻōpio lau ʻana i ka māla lau ma ke ʻano like o hoʻokahi makahiki, a i ka manawa like ua ʻimi mua lākou i kahi kāne a kūkulu i kahi pā.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Ma muli o ka manaʻo o ka māke o ka māla i hana ai i nā noke i ka lepo, pinepine nā hua i kau ʻia e ka wahine o kēia manu, ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, a i kekahi manawa ua lilo ka wā i lilo ai i mau pio o ka poʻe kaohi. ʻO nā manu no ka mahiʻai oatmeal, nā pōpoki a me nā ʻawelā he pōʻino maoli: ʻo ka ʻenehana huʻa no lākou ma ke ao, a ʻo ka ʻimi ma hope i ka pō. ʻO nā ʻōmaka manu maoli, nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kēia mau manu he holoholona manuahi e like me nā alopeke, nā ʻū a me nā mea hana manu.
Nui! Kūleʻa ʻo nā māla māla e noho kokoke i nā wahi noho kanaka, no ka laʻana, ma nā wahi pākēa a i ʻole nā cottages kauwela, i lilo pinepine ʻia nā pōpoki home a me nā ʻīlio hae. Ka pōʻino nō hoʻi iā lākou i ka ʻāina hānai, hiki i nā ʻalā hina, nā mea like a me nā lekiu, ka poʻe makemake e noho kokoke i nā noho kanaka.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
I ka honua, ua loaʻa ka nui o nā pua ʻoi ma kahi o 22 miliona, a manaʻoʻiʻo kekahi poʻe ornithologists aia ma ka helu 95 miliona ka nui o kēia mau manu. ʻAʻole hiki ke helu pono i ka helu kiko o ia mau manu liʻiliʻi me kahi pālahalaha ākea. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia e ia he ʻano nui, ʻo ka pau ʻana o ka māla o ka māla o ka oatmeal a ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli maoli ʻia, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ko lākou kūlana honua.
Nui! ʻOiai no ka nui o nā ʻano māla a me ka pōmaikaʻi ʻo ia, aia ma kekahi mau ʻāina o ʻEulopa a ʻo ka mea mua ka mua ma Farani, ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau manu e ʻike ʻole ʻia, inā ʻaʻole i pau ʻole.
ʻO kēia no ka mea i ʻai wale ʻia ua mau manu lā i kēlā mau ʻāina kahi i kūleʻa ai nā māla pua, ʻoiai, he mea maʻamau, he mea pili loa ko lākou mau hoahānau pili ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ka holoholona hihiu, akā ka poʻe i hoʻoholo e hiki ke lilo ka oatmeal i kahi kīʻaha, no ka hoʻomākaukau no ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻenehana kūikawā i loko o Roma kahiko no ka momona a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā kupapaʻu manu no ka ʻalani a i ka palaoa.
Ua kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai o kēlā pāʻai, akā ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻōki i nā gourmets, ʻo ia ke kumu no ka hāʻule ʻana o ka helu ʻoi i loko o Farani i kahi hapakolu ma luna o hoʻokahi mau makahiki he ʻumi. A ua hana kēia i ka ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻimi nei i nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "ortholans", e like me kēia mau manu i kapa ʻia ma ʻEulopa, ua hana paʻa ʻia ʻo ia ma 1999. ʻAʻole i ʻike maopopo ʻia ka nui o nā lāʻau ʻoi māla i make i nā poacher, akā ua haʻi aku nā kānakaʻepekema ʻoi aku ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki ma kahi o 50,000 mau kānaka e make ma kēia ala.
A inā pili ka pilikia i ka nui o kēia mau manu ma Farani, e lilo nō ia i ka hapa o ka pilikia, akā, ʻo ka ʻōpala o nā māla, nā mea e pili ana i nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻo ia ka Baltic States a me Finland a me ka lele i ka hema i Farani a hiki i ka hema, e make nō hoʻi. Ma ka 2007, ua mālama nā ʻoihana mālama holoholona i ka European Union i hana i kahi kuhikuhi kūikawā e pili ana i ka pale o oatemeal mai kā lākou hana ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe.
Wahi a kēia kuhikuhi, ua pāpā ʻia kēia mau mea ma nā ʻāina EU.
- E hōʻoki a hopu paha i nā pala palaʻai no ke kumu o ka momona a me ka pepehi ʻana.
- E hoʻopau paha a hōʻeha paha i kā lākou kuʻu a hua manu paha ma ka pūnana.
- E ʻohi i ka hua o kēia mau manu no nā kumu ʻohi.
- Hoʻolaha wale ʻia nā lawelawe manu, ʻoiai inā luhi lākou i ka huki ʻana i nā hua a hāpai paha i nā moa, no ka mea hiki i kēia ke kanaka makua ke haʻalele i ka ʻōpū.
- E kūʻai, kūʻai mai a mālama i nā manu ola a make paha, a me nā holoholona i kā ʻia ʻia a i ʻole nā ʻāpana kino i maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo.
Eia kekahi, pono e hōʻike nā poʻe ma kēia mau ʻāina i nā hui kūpono e pili ana i nā hihia a pau ʻole o kēia mau kuhi i ʻike lākou. ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka māhina māla ma ka liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo ka ʻimi ponoʻī ʻana no ia ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, ua pā nui ʻia ka nui o kēia mau manu. Ma kekahi mau mokuna Farani, no ka laʻana, ua aneane ua nalowale lā; ma nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ua emi nui kona mau helu. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ma ka liʻiliʻi ma Russia, hiki i nā pōpoki ke kīhāpai ke manaʻo, inā ʻaʻole holoʻokoʻa, a laila ma ka palekana maluhia: ma hope o nā mea āpau, ma waho o nā mea hopohopo maoli, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i kēia mau manu ma aneʻi