ʻO Sandpiper (Charadrii) kahi manu nui mai kahi nui o Charadriiformes. Hoʻohui pū me nā ʻohana 10 a me 214 mau mea hoʻohana.

ʻO keʻano

Sandpiper i ka wai

ʻO Sandpiper ka mea nui i koho ʻia o nā manu ʻala a me ka wai kokoke. ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino o nā mea puhi i ka pae o 30-1300 gram, ʻo ke lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i ka 62 sentimeter. Wingspan - 65 kenimika. Ka mea e noho ana ma ka wahie.

Kāleka

Sandpiper no ka hele wāwae

ʻOkoʻa nā ʻokoʻa āpau o kēlā me kēia ʻokoʻa, a me ka nui. No laila ke kaupaona nei kekahi mau ʻano o nā pahu hana 30-60 mau grika, aʻo ka nui o nā curlew nui eʻoi aku i hoʻokahi kilogram. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā Sandpipers e ke ʻano o nā beak a me nā wāwae, ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu a me ka huelo. Inā lōʻihi nā kuʻekuʻe lāʻau loloa a nā lāʻau kanu, a laila he pōkole a pōkole ka nui o nā pahu. Hoʻokumu ʻo Sandpiper i mea hana no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai. Eia ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka pūniki i ke ʻano o nā meaʻai e ʻai ʻia e ka sandpiper. ʻO kahi pōkiki he pōkole pōkole, e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hope, me lākou e ohi ai i ka meaʻai mai ka lepo. I loko o nā paʻi, be ipo na ipukupiki, kihi. Me kāna kōkua, loaʻa i ka manu ka meaʻai mai ka lalo o ke kōnaa.

ʻElua mau kamikoa ma kahi māla

Kuhi - nā mea nona nā wāwae pīkī lōʻihi, akā neʻe ka mea i kau i nā wāwae pōkole. ʻEhālima ʻehā mau wāwae ʻehā, nā lima kua i hope ke hoʻomohala ʻia. ʻO nā pahu kāwili a me nā membranous mau pahu momona nā membranes ma waena o nā manamana lima e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā manu wai. He pōkole ke kaʻe o nā pahu, kohu ʻia. Hoʻopili a lōʻihi nā ʻēheu.

ʻImi ʻo Kulik i ka meaʻai i ke kahea

He ʻano waihoʻoluʻu plumage nā pahu. Kālai ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau manu i nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻono, a me nā kala. No ka laʻana, ma nā turukhtans, nā ʻāpana o ke ʻano o ka plumage e pili ana i ka ʻeleʻele, ka melemele, ka ʻulaʻula, nā ʻulaʻula a me nā keʻokeʻo, nā hulu o ka alima maulima ʻia i loko o ka lā i ka emerald, poni a me nā aniani uliuli. Nā ke akua, nā ʻalā, a me nā bunnies i uluhilima i ka hulu - ua hui ʻia ka ʻaoʻao kino nui i ke kala hina-ʻulaʻula me nā hōʻailona ʻeleʻele a me kaʻulaʻula. I kekahi mau ʻano ʻalopelu, he ʻokoʻa ka hulu o ka hulu: he ʻeleʻele ke kelepona ʻeleʻele kahi i pihi ʻia me nā puhalaha keʻokeʻo māmā, a ʻeleʻele ka hulu ma ka ʻūhā, a ua keʻokeʻo ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻōpū ma nā plovers, ma kahi ʻē, ʻeleʻele ka ʻōpū, keʻokeʻo ka ʻāʻī, a ua uhi ʻia ka palahu ma nā wahi ʻulaʻula. , keʻenepiper-magpie i ka kala like ka like me ka pemie maʻamau. Hōʻike ʻia ka hulu manu e nā morphism o kekahi wā: i ka wā hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo, ʻeleʻele a hina ka brown i ke kua i loko o ka ʻula, ʻūhā ka ʻōpū, ʻeleʻele a me nā hulu ʻulaʻula i loko i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, a loaʻa i ka waiʻala lalo ke komo ʻana i nā momona cream.

He aha nā mea mahiʻai kai?

ʻAi ʻo Sandpiper i ka iʻa

Hoʻohana nui ʻo Sandpipers i nā holoholona invertebrate - nā aquatic a me nā terestrial iniseti, larvae, ʻōpala, crustaceans, mollusks a me nā mea ulu. ʻO ka papa ʻai no ka lapalapa a me nā kolo. ʻAi nā mea kanu i nā mea inikini, nā huaʻala a me nā hua kanu, nā kai mākaʻai i ʻai i nā mea kanu, ʻānō, nā hua nahele a me nā mea kanu. ʻO nā ʻano alanui nui (nā ʻalopani nui, nā mea lapaʻau) ʻai i nā iʻa a me nā baki. Ma ka noho pio ʻana, hānai ʻia nā kahu me ka cereals, nā hua a me nā hua o nā mea kanu, nā palaoa a me ka millet.

Sandpiper - manu manuahi a i ʻole

Kūpono o ka sandpiper i ka lele

ʻO nā manu Sandripers ka manu manuahi. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā manu aloha aloha mai nā kahua hoʻomana me ka hōʻaha o nā pulu mua. Ke lele nei ʻo Sandpipers e noho ana ma Lūkini no ka hoʻoilo i ka hopena o Kepakemapa - mua o ʻOkakopa. E neʻe ana nā poʻe kahu ʻEulopa i ka hema ma ke au o ʻOkakopa.

Pā nā Sandpipers no ka hoʻoilo ma kahi lōʻihi loa. ʻO kekahi o lākou hoʻoilo i 11000 mau kilomita mai ko lākou home. Lele ka manu i nā ʻaina a i ʻole nā ​​ʻohana o 10-20 mau pai. Holo lākou i ka pō, a hoʻomaha ma ke ao.

Kokoke e lawe Sandpiper

ʻO ka wā noho o Siberia hoʻoilo ma Australia a me Niu Sila, ka poʻe e noho ana ma Alaska ma ʻAmelika, nā kahu ʻUulopa ma ʻAmelika Hema a me Hawaiʻi hoʻi.

Mālama

Sandpiper ma kahi o ke rawa

Noho ka poʻe Sandpipers a puni ka honua, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o Antarctica. Noho nā Sandbox ma ka ʻaoʻao mamao ma North North a me Alaska, aia ma ke kahakai o ka moana Arctic, i Siberia a me Chukotka. Noho ka Snipe ma nā wahi kūloko a me ke kūleʻa o Eurasia, Iceland, a me Ireland. Noho ka wīwī noho i loko o ʻEulopa ma ke kūkulu hema, ʻoiai ʻo ka lapuwī hele ʻana i noho ʻia ma Scandinavia, Moscow Region a me nā Urals. Hoʻopau ʻo Turukhtans i ko lākou hōʻuluʻulu ʻana ma nā mokupuni Pelekane a ma Scandinavia. ʻO nā ʻoki o Curlews ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me Chukotka. ʻO nā ʻano ʻalani like ʻole e noho ana ma ʻAmelika a me Eurasia. Noho kekahi o nā palakala ma nā wahi kahakai o ka muliwai ʻo Amazon ma ʻAmelika Latina.

Kūpono o nā wahi noho sandpiper

Ma Lūkia, 75 nā ʻano ʻalā mau e noho nei. Ua noho ʻia ka Far East ma nā zuiks, nā pāpale a me nā kumulāʻau, nā pūnana nunui a me nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka Primorye, a me Ussuri zuyks ma Altai. Noho ka ʻohana o ka ʻohana kahikaha ma ka ʻĀkau loa. Ma ke kūkulu hema e noho nei ka pahie, nā permie, ka ʻaka, a me ka shilokluvka a me nā ʻohana lehulehu ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻaiho

Sandpiper i ka pena

ʻO nā hulu manu e kokoke ana i nā wai-wai. Pēlā lākou i ulu ai i nā puʻuʻu i waenakonu o ka nahele ʻino. Noho ka poʻe pelepa ma kahakai o nā kahawai, loko, kai. Noho kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau i nā māla i kanu ʻia, i ka tundra hiki ʻole, ke piʻi ʻana o kahi ala, nā kuahiwi. Aia nā ʻano lāʻau ululāʻau: nā ululāʻau a me nā ʻeleʻele ākea i nā nahele. No ka hapanui o nā kahu, ua loaʻa ka wai ma kahi kokoke i ke kahua no ka nui, akā, he nui nā ʻano o nā waders (no ka laʻana, zoo, avdotki, nā mea hoʻouluulu) e hōʻoluʻolu i nā wahi wao a wai ʻole.

Ke noho maʻamau

ʻO kahi ʻelua mau mea lawehala e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai i loko o ka wahi

He mau manu ikaika nā Sandpipers. Holo pono lākou i ka ʻāina, lele wikiwiki, ʻauʻau maikaʻi a hōʻalo. Noho nā kolona pua ʻia i 15-20 mau pālua. A i nā wā lōʻihi o ka lele ʻana, lilo lākou i mau tausani o nā hipa.

Hoʻokomo ka poʻe Sandpipers i ka manawa e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai, ke hele malū ma nā pāpū a me ka ʻalā ʻana i kahi ʻoka ma lalo o kā lākou mau puʻu. I kekahi manawa kamaʻilio liʻiliʻi lākou kekahi. ʻO nā manu manu aloha aloha manuahi a aloha. Loaʻa pinepine nā hakakā a me nā hōʻike i nā pahu.

ʻO ke kiʻi ʻo Sandpiper

Eia naʻe, i ka wā mālama, lilo nā manu i ka uluʻē. Ke pale nei i ka pipi mai nā holoholona i kū ʻia ma ko lākou ʻāina, e hōʻike ana nā mea mālama i ka wiwo ʻole a me ka wiwo ʻole. Ke hoʻoneʻe nei i kahi malihini kipa ʻole ʻia, ʻākoakoa nā manu i loko o kahi hui a hoʻouka iā ia, i kekahi manawa e kī ana i ka make.

ʻO nā Sandpipers e hoʻi mai i ka hoʻoilo ma ʻApelila, ma hope o ka hoʻoilo o ka hau. Ma nā māhele hema (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan) puka i ka lā Malaki, i Ukraine - i nā lā hope o Malaki, i ka Reka ʻo Moscow - i ʻApelila, a Yakutia - i ka waena o Mei. Hoʻomoe koke, ua paila nā mea hana a hoʻomaka e kūkulu i kahi pā.

ʻAno hānau

Sandpiper kāne

ʻO nā Males ka mua e hōʻea mai i ka hoʻoilo. Ma mua o ka haku ʻana, hoʻomaka lākou i ka moe ʻana - ka lawehala o ka lawehala o ka lawaiʻa e kōkua i ka huki wahine. ʻO ka lele o kēia kāne o ke kāne e kū kiʻekiʻe ma ka lani. I kēia manawa, wehe ka manu i kona mau ʻēheu a me kona huelo, e kani nui ana ka naʻau. ʻO ka mua, ua kū ke kahikaha keu ke piʻi i luna, a laila hāʻule i ka "pōhaku i lalo", ke kuolo kuikū ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o ka honua. I loko o kahi lele, ua hui pū ka wahine me ke kāne, ua hele a kamaa. I ka wā e moe ai, kāhea nā manu "tika-tika" pe "peʻa paha." Noho ka poʻe Sandpipers i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, akā ʻoi aku kekahi, e like me ke keʻa a me ka pale ʻana, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ke noho ʻana i nā kolone a me nā kolone.

Wahine Sandpiper

Hōʻike nā Waders i nā ʻanoʻano like ʻole. ʻO kekahi mau mea ulu o ka zuiks a me ka ʻoliā, maʻamau ka polyandry - ua hana ʻia ka wahine i mau pipiʻi 2-3 mai nā kāne like ʻole, a hānai nā kāne kāne i nā hua. ʻO nā mea holoi lole, nā mea holoi, nā akua me nā curlews he monogamous, a ʻo nā turukhtans he manu polygamous (hatch wahine a mālama pono i kā lākou hua ma kā lākou iho).

ʻO ka hope kāpena

Hoʻokū ʻo Sandpiper i kahi pākaha

Hoʻokomo ka wahine me ka hana ʻana i ka pili. ʻO ka noho kahi mea noho kīpona kahi minamina ʻano kīʻaha ma ka lepo i waenakonu o nā māla mauʻuʻe. ʻO kekahi mau ʻōpū sandpiper ka laina o ka lalo o ka nalo me nā lau maloʻo, akā mau ka poʻe sandpipers e waiho i nā hua ma ka ʻāina. Noho nā Waders i nā manawa ʻino o nā manu ʻē aʻe.

Nā hua lāʻau Sandpiper

ʻO ke kiʻi o nā hua manu

I ka hopena o ʻApelila, ua waiho aku kahi kika wahine i ʻehā mau hua ʻehā o ke alo o kahi uhi ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻāpana he nui o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā ʻāpana like ʻole. ʻO ka momona hua ono 60-80 gram. Hānau ka hua keiki keu 21 mau lā. I kēia manawa āpau, noho ka wahine i loko o ka pūnana, ʻoiai ke kāne lawe i kāna meaʻai. Ka ʻākau ʻākau ka wahi ulaula o ka manu, kū i hope ka ʻike ʻana o nā keiki moa. No laila, hoʻomoe nā ʻōpala e noho ana ma ʻEulopa i kā lākou mau kaukanila i ka lā o ʻApelila, ua noho ka poʻe noho o ka Lāhui o Moscow ma Mei, i ka wā makamae mai ka papa ʻo Taimyr Peninsula i ka waena waena o Iulai.

Nā ʻlelo

ʻO ke kiʻi ʻo kahi mea pīpī pale

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā huaʻehā, pubescent. I ka lā ʻelua o ke ola, hoʻomaka lākou e hele, a ma hope o ka hebedoma haʻalele lākou i ka nalo a kūʻokoʻa loaʻa i kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī. Ma ka mahina he mau kīpoki mau. ʻO ke kauwela mua, mālama ʻia nā cubs sandm ma hope o ko lākou mau mākua. Aʻo nā manu makua i nā ʻōpio e ʻimi a hūnā me ka pōʻino. Ke puka mai kahi holoholona hihiu, loaʻa i ka wahine a male kāne paha kahiki i ka ʻili ma ka ʻāʻī a hoʻokuʻu pono iā ia i kahi ākea loa o ka lele. I ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola ʻana, hele mai nā manu ʻōpio i ka wā haole, a lilo lākou i poʻe pākeke a mākaukau lākou e hana i ko lākou ʻohana.

Sandpiper ma kahi o ka wai

Wahi a nā mea kanu lāʻau, 214 mau ʻano mea ʻalā e noho nei i ka wao. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā makana ua kau ʻia ma ka International Red Book. ʻO ka nui o nā hollows, nā mea pāpale, nā ʻōʻō, nā curlews, nā alopeke i hele wāwae, a me nā mea i heʻe mau ka pau ʻana. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka mea i ʻeli ʻia nā mea pena i nā ʻāina he nui. Ma Lūkia, ua pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana i ka wai no kēia mau manu, akā pili nā poacher i kā lākou pana ʻana i nā makahiki holo. ʻEkau ʻia nā ʻano 11 ma ka Red Book o Lūkia. Aia ka papa inoa i ka shiloklyuvki, yellowfoot, sandpipers magpies, mauna hona a me nā pēpē curlew.

Ua hui pū ʻia ʻo Waders i nā ʻohana he 10, kēlā me kēia ʻano me ka nui o nā ʻano genera.

ʻUwā (Tringa)

Noho ʻo Ulit ma luna o kahi kia

Hōʻike nui: nā manu stush-ukuran. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino 300-400 gram, ka lōʻihi - 21-31 kenimika. Kūkulu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā subspecies i kahi hina me nā keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele hoʻi.

Kaʻana: 10 mau manu o nā manu e noho ana ma ʻEulopa, Asia, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika aia nā alanui. ʻO nā kuʻuna i nā pihi o nā waihona wai i nā māla, nā wao a me nā alahele.

Nā hiʻohiʻona: ke hele nei, kūlou nā manu e like me ko lākou mau kino holoʻokoʻa.

• dandy,
• he mea kūlohelohe,
• luna ʻoihana
• ʻōpū nui
• ʻŌpū s nānaka
• pena ʻopa kala
• Hermit Hona
• Chernysh
• Fifi
• ʻAe ʻAmelika
• lehu ʻula
• cochlea membranous.

Ke akua (Limosa)

ʻO ke kiʻi iā godwit ma kahi pou lāʻau

Hōʻike nui: nā manu ʻalika nui me kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi, mānoanoa ma ka hope, he beak curved i lalo a me nā wāwae lōʻihi. Ua like lākou me ka nui o nā kukupa i ka nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino 20 mau kenimika, ke kaupaʻa - 250-350 gram. ʻO ka umulululu o ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma ke kauwela, ke hele mai nā ʻulaʻula.

Kaʻana: noho nā akua me nā wahi i nā kapuwai o Iceland, Noremani, Sweden, Finland, a me Russia. Hoʻomaka nā manu i ka ʻĀina Hema, ʻApelika, ʻAsia Hema a me Australia.

Godwit i ka wai

Nā hiʻohiʻona: nā akua godits ma kahi kokoke i nā kula nui. Me ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā kauā i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi ka nui o nā nui spindles. Kokoke kēia ʻano pili i ka palupalu.

• akua nui akua
• Akua makua Kanada,
• akua liʻiliʻi,
• kiʻi akua akua.

Kekahi (Numenius)

Kronshep ma ka wao nahele

Kānaka: nā curlews he mau manu ʻeliʻu me ka beak lōʻihi e kū pono ana i lalo. Ke kaumaha o ke kino - 900-1500 kākā, ka lōʻihi - a hiki i 65 kenimika, mau ʻāpana - 90-100 kenimika. ʻO ka beige ke kala he beige me nā ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻeleʻele. I nā curlew e nui a keʻokeʻo, he keʻokeʻo ka lalo o lalo.

Kaʻana: Noho nā curlews i nā wahi marshy ma nā'āina ʻākau ʻĀina. ʻO ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe o nā manu ma Lūkini e nānā ʻia ma Kyrgyzstan a ma ka kahakai hikina o Lake Baikal. ʻO ka hoʻoilo o Curlews i ka hema o Asia a me Australia.

ʻO Kronshep i waena o nā mau lau palma

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona: curlews holo pono, lele ka lele, he diving. I ka wā o nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, hōʻuluʻulu nā manu i kahi ʻohana nui a hana i kahi kalaki, he ʻano maʻamau ʻole ia i nā mea pena.

• Curlew,
• Mawaena curlew,
• Hikina Kauahi,
• Kuklew, pēpē
• Curlew,
• Hana Tahiti,
• ipukukui
• Eskimo Curlew.

Koho Huki (Calidris)

Ho‘omau pahu

Kūpono: nā manu me ka ʻoki kino, nā wāwae pōkole a me kahi beak ʻeleʻele pololei. Ua hōʻea ke kaumaha o ke kino i 700 gram, ka lōʻihi - 25-28 kenimika. ʻO ka hapa o lalo o ke kino he mauʻu, ke poʻo, ke kua, nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo he brown brown. I ka wā moe, ʻike ʻia nā ʻulaʻula a me ke kala ʻulaʻula.

Ka Hoʻohālikelike: nā mākeke nāhelehe i nā clarates a me nā subarctic climates. Loaʻa ma nā kahakai o ka moana Arctic, ma East Siberia a me ka Far East. ʻO Dunlin ka noho ʻana o nā ʻāpana o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻo ʻEkekekisa, i kahi o ka pili i ka pili ʻana i ka Sakhalin, nā Kuril Islands, Kamchatka ʻO ke kai kūloko a me ke kai keʻokeʻo, Beringian a i ʻōlelo ʻia i Scandinavia a me nā mokupuni o Aleutian.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona: nā kākei ke nānā aku i kahi ola pilikino. ʻO ka ʻai manu e komo ai i nā invertebrates e noho ana ma ka papa o ka wai.

• pahu wailua nui
• ʻBoxlelo pahu kahakai
• pepa liʻiliʻi
• huhū,
• pēpē pēpē
• dunlin
• pahu wailele ʻulaʻula,
• old-old sandm,
• ʻeke
• gerbil,
• kaiʻa wai
• canadian sandbox
• ʻUdleka
• kaha
• huʻu
• ʻneka,
• kāmera

Turukhtan (Philomachus pugnax)

ʻIke lā me ka manu turukhtan

Hōʻike hele: He mau wāwae lōʻihi a me kahi beak, nā Turukhtans. ʻO ka paona o ka manu he 800-120 kāhea, ʻo 55 ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. He kūpou kala kona polukini, aia i kona mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka uliuli, nā poni ʻulaʻula. Ma waho o ka wā moe, ua ʻemi ka ʻanuʻu o ke peni. I ka pūnāwai, ua kolo ʻia nā hulu a me nā pepeiao i nā kāne.

Kaʻana: nā turukhtans - nā manu migratory, nā pūnana i nā wahi haʻahaʻa ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Eurasia. ʻO Winters ma ʻulopa Hema, ʻAmelika Hema, Asia a me Australia. I ka wā lele, mālama ʻia nā manu i kahi ʻohana. I nā wahi hana, ua kūkulu ʻia nā tausani o nā manu manuahi.

He hiʻohiʻona: ʻike ʻia nā turukhtans no kahi squabble, ʻano hoʻohālike. ʻO nā hakakā koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā manu, e pau ana i ka make o ka mea nāwaliwali nāwaliwali.

Snipe (Gallinago)

Lāpule ma ke loko

Kūpono: nā manu ʻāʻī me nā wāwae pōkole, kahi lei lōʻihi a me kahi nukele lōʻihi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i ka 50 kenimika, ke kaumaha - 800-1000 kākā. Ke keʻokeʻo ka paʻa o ka ʻōpū a me ka umauma, ke ʻano o ka ʻaoʻao o luna. Aia ʻelua mau keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e noho ana ma ka lei a ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kua.

Kaʻana: noho ka snipe i nā ʻīpuka kūkulu ʻākau o Eurasia, Iceland, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, Nui Pelekane. E sporadically, loaʻa ka holoholona i nā Mokupuni o Azores a me Faroe. ʻO Snipe overwinter i South Europe, Asia, ʻApelika.

Ke ʻimi nei ʻo Snipe i ka meaʻai

He hiʻohiʻona: ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke kīpē - he holo wikiwiki kēia i ka lele a hiki i 100 mika, a laila hāʻule i kahi hāʻule wikiwiki. I ka wā o kēia wā, noho nā manu. I ka wā o ke lele ʻana, e hāloʻi nā ʻēheu i lalo o ke kahe o ke kani e like me ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o kahi hipa.

• mauna ulia
• ululā nahele,
• kiʻi nui
• nanea
• nā kāwele kaʻaila
• hermit snipe
• lākau lāʻau.

Ma ʻAukake 24, 1950, ʻaʻole i kaulana ʻo Grigory Kulik, ʻo ia mua o ka Soviet Union, no kona lanakila maikaʻi ʻana ma ke kahua kaua, akā no ka hoʻokūkū piha. ʻElua kaua a Kulik i nalowale i ka uku, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ia mai ka pāʻina.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Grigory Kulik ma ke kaona ʻo Poltava i loko o kahi ʻohana pānaʻi maʻamau i ka makahiki 1890. Loaʻa i ka hoʻonaʻauao mua. Ma hope mai o ke ʻano o ke kipi, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia he ʻōpio mau nei kona pili me kekahi mau mea kūʻē mai a kōkua iā lākou i ka hana ma lalo, akā ua nalowale ʻo ia no ka hōʻike ʻana i ko lākou manaʻo politika.

I ka 22, ua hana ia i loko o ka pūʻali koa.Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻouna ʻia i ka infantry, akā no ka mea ʻike manu. He mea kūpono ia e huli pololei ana ʻo Kulik. I ka manawa o ke kime, ua loaʻa iā ia ke kumu o nā pāahi ahi senior - ʻo ia ka luna i koho ʻole ʻia i ka ʻoihana no ka mea hoʻokani pila.

Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo Gunners e koho mai i kēlā mau loiloi i ʻoi aku ka noʻonoʻo. A i loko o nā luna i ʻole i unuhi ʻole ʻia, ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala i mua. No laila ke kamaʻa nei kākou he taleni ʻo Kulik. ʻO kekahi mea ʻo ia, ma ka manawa o ke kime ua pae ʻo ia i kona palaualona. ʻO nā kīʻaha ʻelemakule - ʻo ia ka nui o ka mea e hiki ai i kahi kanaka me ka hoʻonaʻauao mua ke hilinaʻi ʻole me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kaua koa. Malia paha, ma hope o ke kaua, hiki i ke Kulik ke loaʻa i kahi hoʻonaʻauao a me nā luna epaulettes, akā loaʻa ka kolo. ʻAʻohe pono i aʻo ʻia. No ke aha e ʻohi ai i kahi mea ma laila, inā hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau a ma kahi hebedoma i hala mai nā luna i ʻole i ʻae ʻia i nā luna koa.

Tandem me Voroshilov

Hana pēlā ʻo Kulik. Ma ke ʻano he kanaka ola me ka ʻōlelo paʻa, waiho maila ia i ka ʻōnaehana revolusion. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i nā hana koa o ke kaua, ua koho ʻia i nā kōmike o nā koa i kūpaʻa ma hope o ka democratization o ka pūʻali koa. Hoʻomaka koke ʻo Kulik i ka hema a ma ke kauwela ua kākoʻo ʻo ia i nā manaʻo kolohe o nā Bolsheviks.

Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka pūʻali koa, i hele pū ʻia me ka hoʻohiolo kīkē, hoʻi aku ʻo Kulik i ka hale a hoʻākoakoa i kāna pūʻali koa mai nā koa koa hou. A laila hele like loa ia i kahi momona. ʻOi aku paha i mua o ke kaua e hiki mai ana e kūʻē i nā poʻe āpau. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka Brest Peace a ʻae maila nā Bolsheviks e hoʻoneʻe aku ʻo Ukraine i Kelemānia, komo maila nā ʻāpana Kelemania ma laila.

Hoʻomaka ka liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi no Rusia, kahi i hana ʻia ai ke kaua kūwaho. ʻO ka detachment Kulik e pili pū me nā detasment semi-autonomous like, i ka makahiki o ʻApelila 1918, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka pūʻali koa 5, i alakaʻi ʻia e Voroshilov.

Eia nō naʻe, he ʻōlelo nui ka pūʻali koa. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻoleʻoi o 3 mau koa koa. Ka lilo ʻana o Voroshilov i Kulik. ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā Voroshilov mau talena alakaʻi koa i ka pūʻali koa a ma o ia hoʻi kekahi mea kākoʻo i ka pūʻali koa partisan, akā ua hana koʻikoʻi ʻo ia ma Moscow.

No ka mea ʻaʻole hilinaʻi ʻo Voroshilov i nā luna tsarist, ʻimi ʻo ia i kahi loea artillery mai waena o nā luna a i ʻole i wae ʻia. I ka ʻike ʻana i ke kanaka hana ahi o Kulik, ʻo ia nō kahi kanaka mahiʻai, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i manaʻo nui i hoʻonoho iā ia i poʻokela o kāna puali koa.

ʻO kēia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi pilina lōʻihi. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Voroshilov i ka hana koa, ka mea like i ka mea like me ka mea hoʻokani pila, no laila, ua ʻike iki ʻo Kulik. Hoʻomaka lākou e hana ma ka inoa, ua hahai ʻo Kulik ma nā wahi a Voroshilov a lilo i luna o ka mea ʻike kiʻi ma nā pūʻali koa Voroshilov āpau - ka 5th, 10th a me 14. Ma hope aku, i ka manawa i hui pū ai ʻo Voroshilov i ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o ka mea nui i ka mana nui o ka Reds - ka pūʻali koa aloha 1st, ʻae ikaika ʻo ia i kona punahele iā Kulik i poʻo nui no ka mea hana kaua o ka pūʻali.

Ma Tsaritsyno, pale aku ʻo Voroshilov a me Kulik i ke kūlanakauhale me Stalin, kahi i hui ʻelua ai. ʻO Stalin, e like me Voroshilov, i hoʻopiʻi i ka poʻe koa me ka loea o nā pūʻali koa (no nā keʻena limahana o ka pūʻali tsarist), no laila ua ʻae ʻo Kulik Voroshilov i ka koho.

Ua lilo ka wā ma waena o ke kaua ʻelua i hoʻoilina iā Kulik. Ma kahi o ka ulu a me ka wā e ulu ai ka ulu ʻana o ke ʻano koa o ka pūʻali koa, a laila e lele nui loa, a hāʻule paha.

He manaʻo haʻahaʻa o Trotsky i ka waiwai o Kulik a makemake ʻo ia e noho ma luna o nā pūʻali koa i hui pū me nā Bolsheviks mai waena o nā loea pūʻali koa. ʻOiai ʻo ia e noho ana ma ke poʻo o ka Puke Kaua, ua mālama ʻo Kulik i luna nui ma ka ʻoniʻoni ma ka North Caucasus Military District a hiki ʻole ke helu ʻia kekahi mau mea hou aku.

Akā ma hope o ua hiki iā Trotsky ke puka mai i waho o kāna pou, Kulik, me ke kōkua o Stalin a me Voroshilov, i loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika, ua haʻalele i ka pou o ka luna nui o ka mea kiʻi kiʻi o ka pūʻali koa Red. Ma hope o ka lilo ʻana ʻo Voroshilov i Komikina no ka Military a me Naval Affairs, ua koho ʻia ʻo Kulik i luna o ke alakaʻi ʻo Artillery no ka Puʻuwai.

Eia naʻe, ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope iho ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia i ka luna ʻāpana, a hoʻouna koke ʻia i nā papa o ka Military Academy ma lalo o ka ʻike i nele ai ia i ka hoʻonaʻauao no nā pou ʻelima. A pau ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā papa, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia e kauoha i nā ʻāpana.

I ka makahiki 1935, me ka hoʻopuka ʻana o nā pūʻali pilikino i ka pūʻali koa, ua loaʻa iā Kulik kahi luna koa, ʻoiai ua lilo koke ʻo Voroshilov i kahi kumu hana. A hiki i ka makahiki 1937, ua kauoha ʻo ia i nā ʻehā me ka hoʻomaha no ka hele ʻana aku i Sepania ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi aʻoaʻo. Ma hope o kona hoʻi ʻana mai, ma ka ʻāpono ʻana o Stalin, ua koho hou ʻia ʻo ia i poʻo nui o ka Luna Hoʻokō a Artillery.

ʻO kēia mau kuʻekuʻe i ka hana ʻo Kulik i pili pū me ka hakakā o nā ʻohana koa ikaika loa ʻelua. ʻO Voroshilov lāua ʻo Tukhachevsky, hoʻopiʻi kū kekahi i kekahi, i hakakā ʻo Stalin. Ma kahi o nā aloha pilikino a me nā antipathies, he nīnau ia no ka hoʻolālā kaua pūʻali koa no nā kaua e hiki mai ana. Hoʻopili ʻo Kulik iā Voroshilov, ka mea i maopopo, ua hāʻawi i kā lākou lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi. Akā ʻo ko Tukhachevsky mālama ʻia iā Kulik me ka mālama ʻole ʻole ʻia. ʻO Uborevich, ka mea nāna i loaʻa ka lua o ka epologette no ka lua ma mua o ke kime, ua ʻae aku ʻo ia iā ia me "puʻukani ahi" (e pili ana i ke poʻo o nā kīʻaha ahi), a me Yakir, e like me Kulik, hōʻole ʻo ia e aloha iā ia.

No kekahi manawa, ua kali ʻo Stalin, ke koho ʻana ma waena o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o Tukhachevsky me ko Voroshilov kūpaʻa ʻo ia, akā ma ka hopena ua koho ʻo ia i ka kūpaʻa. Ua luku ʻia nā ʻohana Tukhachevsky. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hoihoi ʻo Kulik e pili ana i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe i loko o ka pūʻali koa a ua haʻi wiwo ʻole ia i ka manaʻo e hiki ai i nā hoʻomaʻī i hōʻeha i ka pūʻali koa.

Eia naʻe, ʻo nā mea i hana ʻia e hiki iā ia ke hoʻokau iā ia iho i waena o nā alakaʻi nui o ka pūʻali koa Red. I ka makahiki 1939, ua lilo ʻo ia i komike nui no ka pale ʻana iā Voroshilov. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, i nā hakakā ʻo Khalkhin-Gol, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Kulik i ke ʻano he alakaʻi. Ua hōʻea ʻo ia i laila ma ke ʻano he mea kaukau ma Zhukov ma nā mea hoʻokani manu.

Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole loa ua loaʻa ka ʻike. ʻAʻole lākou i liʻuli iā Zhukov, hoʻouna ʻo Zhukov iā Kulik mai Pokukū mai me kāna mau ʻōlelo aʻo ʻole ʻia, a ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo ia iā Voroshilov, ka mea e hoʻomanaʻo i kāna kuhina.

ʻO ka hola maikaʻi loa o Kulik ʻo ia ka Soviet Union. ʻO ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka uhaʻi ʻana i ka laina paʻa maikaʻi ʻo Mannerheim i hana ʻia e ka mea hoʻokani pila. Ua loaʻa iā Kulik ka hōkū o ka Hero of Soviet Union a loaʻa i ka inoa ʻo Marshal.

I ka hopena o 1939, ka lua o ka wahine o Kulik, ʻo Kira Simonich, ua hoʻopio ʻia e nā luna NKVD. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia me ka ʻole o ka hōʻoia a me ka hoʻokolokolo ma ka hale paʻahao Sukhanovskaya, a laila kī ke kī maka ʻana ma kahi kūlana he kaikamahine ʻo ia i ka helu a Seremania a kamaʻilio pinepine ʻia me nā poʻe haole kānalua. Eia naʻe, ʻo Kulik (ka mea i ʻike ʻole e pili ana i kona hopena) pōkole i mare ʻo ia i kāna kaikamahine wahine a he 32 mau makahiki liʻiliʻi ma mua ona.

Hōʻalo ka lua leo o Kulik i ka pō o ke kaua. I ka lā 14 o Iune, ua lawe ʻia aku ia mai ka luna o ke poʻo o ka GAU, a ua hopu ʻia kāna kuhina nui e Savchenko a hana ʻia. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻino ʻo Kulik.

I ka lā ʻelua o ke kaua, ua hoʻouna koke ʻo ia iā ia i ke poʻo o ke Komohana Komohana. Ma hope o kēlā, ua nalowale ka marshal i ʻelua pule. Kahi wale nō i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iulai ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia no ka haunaele e noho aliʻi ana ma nā pūʻali koa, ua nalowale ʻo ia i ke ala, ua hoʻopuni a hele i kona iho ona no ka hoʻolei ʻana i kāna mau palapala, hūnā i nā kauoha a hoʻololi i kahi ʻano kanaka. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia iā Stalin, a ua hauʻoli loa ʻo ia i ke ʻano o Kulik. Ua kuhi paha kēia hanana i ka mea i hoʻopuka ʻia ai ka Kauoha Helu 270 i ʻAukake, ʻo ia hoʻi nā luna e puʻulu i ka insignia a hele i hope, ua ʻōlelo ʻia he poʻe neʻe lākou a hoʻopaʻi ʻia ke kī ʻia ʻana ma ko lākou wahi, a e hoʻopaʻi ʻia kā lākou ʻohana.

Ma hope o kēlā, lawe ʻia ʻo Kulik i ka Leningrad Front e kauoha i ka pūʻali koa 54. ʻO ka luna mua ʻo Zhukov (ma ke ala, i kēlā manawa wale nō ka lehulehu o ka pūʻali koa, ʻo ia hoʻi, he puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa ma mua o Kulik) ke koi ikaika e hele koke ka pūʻali koa i ka hewa. Ua noi aku ʻo Kulik i kekahi mau lā e hoʻomākaukau, akā ua hoʻomau ʻo Zhukov a me Stavka iā lākou iho. ʻO ka hopena, ua lele maikaʻi ʻole ka hōʻeha kaua. He mea pono ʻole e mālama i ka hewa o Kulik i kēia hana ʻole i hoʻoholo ʻole ʻia. Akā naʻe, ua kāʻili ʻia ʻo ia mai kāna hana me ka huaʻōlelo "" ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopiʻi nei me ka hana i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia. "

Ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Kulik iā Rostov-on-Don e hoʻokumu i kahi pūʻali koa e pale aku i ke kaona. Akā i kekahi mau lā ma hope mai, neʻe lākou i Kerch, ua lilo ia i hina. Ma ka hōʻea ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale, ua loaʻa iā ia ke kauoha a ka Luna Nui e mālama iā ia ma ke kumukūʻai o kekahi mau poho. Eia nō naʻe, noho aliʻi ka haki holoʻokoʻa ma Kerch, nā ʻāpana i loaʻa i nā pohō nui loa i loko o nā kaua, a ua hoʻohemo ʻia a hoʻihoʻi. Ke hōʻike nei i ke kūlana, kauoha ʻo Kulik e haʻalele i ke kūlanakauhale a hoʻi aku i ka Taman Penina e hoʻonohonoho pono ai i ka pale ʻana ma laila. Ma hope o kēlā, hele akula ʻo ia i Rostov, ua waiho ʻia hoʻi ia i kekahi mau lā ma hope aku. Eia naʻe, ua lawe koke ʻia ʻo ia.

Akā ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo Kulik iā Moscow. ʻO ia ihoʻo ia ua hōʻoia maoli nō ua hana ʻo ia i ka mea kūpono, a i ka nānā pono ʻana i ke kūlana ma ka wahi, a e wehewehe i nā mea āpau iā Stalin. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia i noʻonoʻo i hoʻokahi manawa. Hiki iā Stalin ke hoʻohilahila i kekahi o nā nāwaliwali o kāna mau hoaʻohana: inu, inuʻake, a pēlā aku, inā he mea nui nā paʻahana iā ia. Akā ʻo ka mea āna i kala ʻole ai i kekahi, ʻo ia ka hana ʻole e hoʻokō i kāna mau kauoha.

Ma Moscow, ke kali nei ke Kulik i nā hōʻike i hāʻawi ʻia e Admiral Levchenko, nāna i kauoha i ka pale o ka Crimea. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Levchenko, ua hiki ʻole iā Kulik, kauoha koke i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻokipa, me ka ʻimi ʻole ʻana e hoʻonohonoho i kahi pale, ʻo ia hoʻi, hōʻole ʻole ʻo ia i ke kauoha a ka Laha.

I kāna wehewehe ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ikaika ʻo Kulik. Ua hoʻonāwili ʻia nā pūʻali koa e nāwaliwali loa i nā hōʻino, ʻelua mau mākaukau mākaukau ma kona wahi. Ua loaʻa ʻia e nā mea kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlanakauhale ka mea lawepio Kelemania. ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia i ke kūlanakauhale ma lalo o ia mau kūlana, a ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hana pēlā, e alakaʻi nui i nā poho koʻikoʻi. No laila, kauoha ʻo Kulik e hoʻi i nā mea kaua iā Tamansky a hoʻomalu lākou ma laila. A haʻaheo ʻo ia i hiki iā ia ke hoʻopakele i ka nui o nā mea kaumaha a me nā mea hana.

ʻAʻole i noʻonoʻo maikaʻi ʻo Kulik a ua hana ʻino ʻia ʻo Stalin: "Inā manaʻo ʻia kekahi" nā mea hoʻolālā "ʻo ka ʻenemi ka ʻenekele i luna o North Caucasus, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka Taman Peninsula, ua uhi ʻia ʻo Kerch a me ke awa, ua kuhihewa nui lākou hoʻomaopopo i ke kaiapuni. "

Mai kēia wehewehe wehewehe ʻia, hewa loa ʻo Stalin. ʻAʻole wale nō ka marshal i ʻae iā ia e hoʻokō ʻole i kāna kauoha, ua hoʻomaka nō hoʻi ʻo ia e aʻo iā ia i ka hoʻolālā. Ma hope o kēlā, kauoha ʻo Stalin iā Kulik e hōʻike i ka hoʻokolokolo, ʻo ia hoʻi, he mea kāhāhā loa ia nā mea i hope.

Ua hoʻololi koke ʻo ia i kona leo a ma ka hebedoma ʻelua mau kākau i nā leka limahana iā Stalin me ka ʻōlelo aʻe: Ke noi aku nei au i ke Komite Komohana o ka CPSU a iā ʻoe iho, e Kauka Stalin, e kala mai iaʻu no ka hewa wau a hāʻawi i ka ʻōlelo kūʻiʻo a nā Bolshevik ʻaʻole loa wau e hōʻole ʻole i ke kauoha a me nā ʻōlelo a ke Kōmike Central o ka CPSU a me ʻoe iho. "

Ua makemake pū ʻia ʻo Stalin i nā kūlana o ka waiho ʻana iā Rostov, e noi ana i ka ʻike ma Kulik mai ke kākau ʻōlelo a ke komite komohana ʻāina o Dvinsky. Heluhelu akula ʻo ia i nā hemahema a Kulik (i kēlā me kēia lā he inu i ka waina, makaʻu i nā kika, a kauoha ʻole ʻia).

I ka pau ʻana o Pepeluali 1942, ua hoʻoweliweli ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo i ka Mōʻī i ka Nui Me General a ua lawe iā ia i kāna mau makana. Ua lawe ʻia aku ʻo Kulik mai ka pou o ka luna kiaʻāina a hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ke Komite Central. No nā pahuhopu hoʻonaʻauao, ua kamaʻilio ʻia ke kauoha i nā luna o nā pūʻali me ka ʻatikala o Stalin: "e hōʻino i ka pūʻali koa me ko lākou mau manaʻo pio."

Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Kulik i ka waiho huna no hoʻokahi makahiki hoʻokahi. I ka makahiki 1943, ua ʻike hou ia iā ia. Ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i luna o ka pūʻali koa 4 a hāpai ʻo ia i ka liʻuli laulā nui. Akā, ua pōkole ke hoʻi ʻana. Aia i Sepatemapa o kēlā makahiki, ua kāʻili ʻia ʻo ia mai kona pou no ka alakaʻi ʻole ʻia ʻana.

Ua koho ʻia ʻo Kulik i luna ʻōhumu nui o ka Luna Hoʻokele no ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me nā limahana puʻali o ka pūʻali koa Red. Akā ʻo kēia ua nānā ʻia ʻo ia. He mea maopopo ʻole kona ʻāpono ʻole ʻia me ke ʻano o ka hānai ʻia ʻana, a ma hope koke iho, e haki ka haki ʻana.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua i loko o ʻApelila 1945, ua puka ʻo Kulik i mua o ke Komike ʻAkā Nui ʻO ke kumu ka mea i hōʻole ʻia ai i hoʻouna ʻia e General Petrov (ma hope o ka make o Stalin, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia ʻo Abakumov ʻo ia iho i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana). I loko o ia mea, ua hōʻike ʻo ia iā Stalin e hoʻohana ana ʻo Kulik i nā kamaʻōlelo kūʻokoʻa i loko o ka pūʻali koa. Ma keʻano kūikawā, hoʻopiʻi nei ʻo ia i nā luna o ka pūʻali tsarist, hoʻowahāwahā i ka Soviet, a ua manaʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻole mahalo ʻia.

Ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o kāna hihia i ka CCP, ua kipaku ʻia ʻo Kulik mai ka pāʻina a kiʻi ʻia i ka lehulehu. Ma hope o kēlā, ua koho pōkole ʻo ia i luna kiaʻi o ka mokuʻo Volga Military. I ke kauwela o 1946, ua haʻalele ʻia ʻo Kulik.

Akā ma kēia manawa ua luku ʻia ʻo ia. ʻAʻole hilinaʻi nui ʻo Stalin i ka pūʻali koa i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia. Nui nā alakaʻi pūʻali koa i ka manawa hoʻokahi i uku ʻia me ko lākou ola no ka hoʻomaka ʻana e hoʻopiʻi ma ka ʻahaʻaina inu ʻia ua "hoʻohemo ʻia" a ʻaʻole mahalo ʻia, a ma hope ua hōʻike lākou "ma kahi o lākou."

No laila hele mai lākou no Kulik i ʻeono malama ma hope o kona haʻalele ʻana. Hoʻomaka wale aku ka nalo o ka ʻae ʻana i ka pūʻali koa, a hāʻule ʻo Kulik i ka rete. Ua hopuia oia me na hoea ana i ka Apana Koa Milele a Volga, me generals Gordov a me Rybalchenko.

Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia lākou no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kekahi hui hui kūʻē kipi nāna i kūhewa i nā hoʻolālā no ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka kapitalisme a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā kino politika i ka pūʻali koa. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia lākou kekahi hana hoʻopiʻi kūʻē hewa ʻana i nā alakaʻi o ke aupuni Soviet.

Noi ʻia nā makahiki he iwakāluakūmākahi i mālama ʻia ma hope o ke alo o ka hale hoʻokolokolo ma ke kauwela o 1950. ʻAʻole hōʻole kēia ʻekolu i ko lākou hewa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole mālama i ka ʻaha i kā lākou ʻōlelo, a ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia i ka make a make ma ia pō nō. I ka ʻehiku mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nā mea laulā, a ua hoʻi hou aku ʻo Kulik i ke poʻo inoa o Marshal a me nā makana.

Kokoke ʻo nā alakaʻi koa āpau nui i ʻike iā Kulik i hōʻike ma loko o kāna mau memoir no ka mea kūpono ʻole ʻo ia no kēlā kūlana kiʻekiʻe. Ua ʻike nā poʻe a pau, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā talisa i nā tālena o ka mea hoʻolālā kaua a ua kaʻa wale nō ia. Ua ʻike ʻo Kulik no ka mea kahakaha, a ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, ua hiki mai kahi luna maikaʻi o kahi pūʻali koa artillery a i ʻole he brigade e puka mai loko mai. Akā, loaʻa nō kahi kipi, ua hopu ʻo ia i ka maka o Voroshilov, a laila i Stalin. Ua hoʻāla ʻia kēia mea ʻino iā ia i luna, a hiki ʻole iā ia ke moemoeā mau ai, akā ua alakaʻi pū nō hoʻi iā ia i ka make.

Kūpaʻa (Pluvialis)

ʻIke like me kahi plover

Kūpono: nā manu liʻiliʻi me nā wāwae ʻōmaʻomaʻo lōʻihi a me kahi beak brown lōʻihi. ʻOi ka nui o ka laulā ma mua o ka manu. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino he 500 gram, ka lōʻihi - 35 centimeter. ʻEleʻele a keʻokeʻo ka polū, ma luna o ka ʻeleʻele aia ma laila ke kiʻi melemele a me nā keʻokeʻo.

Ka hoʻohālikelike: nā mākaʻi migratory i nā ʻāpana tundra o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. No ka hoʻoilo ua lele lākou i ʻAmelika Hema, ʻAmelika a me Niu Sila.

ʻO ke kiʻi o ka paleka ma ka nahele

Nā hiʻohiʻona: Plovers i ka hele ʻana o ka neʻe i ka mamao o 11,000 mau kilomita. Paʻa wikiwiki ʻia kā lākou lele ʻana. ʻO kona wikiwiki e hiki ai i 70 mau hola i kēlā me kēia hola.

• American browned wing pald,
• ʻĀpana gula
• ʻōpio
• browning wing
• polō a i ʻole hōʻino paha
• wīwhi paha a iʻa paha.

Zuyki (Kekuhi)

ʻO ke kiʻi o ka zoo

Hōʻike: zuyki - nā manu liʻiliʻi e like me nā manu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ko lākou kino kino, 180-250 kākā, ka lōʻihi - 20 kenimika. I ka wā moe, ua uhi ʻia ka plumage o nā manu i ke keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele, ke one a me nā ʻulaʻula. ʻOkoʻa ke poʻo keʻokeʻo ma mua o ke kino. ʻO ka umauma kahi poli kala. ʻOnoʻeleʻele ka beak, ʻeleʻele ma ka hope.

Mahele: ʻo Zuiks i loaʻa ma ʻEulopa (ʻEnelani, ʻAmelika, Sweden), ma Canary a Azores, North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia), ʻAigupita. I Asia, kahi ʻuʻaka ma Korea, Japan, China, Indonesia. Noho kekahi mau holoholona ma ʻAmelika. Holo nā ʻōiwi ʻākau i ka hoʻoilo.

ʻO Zuyka i loko o ke alanuʻu steppe

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona: ʻaʻole maopopo ka zuyki i ka holo ʻana, no laila ke ʻimi nei lākou i ka ʻai i ke one ma kahi kokoke i nā kino wai, e ʻimi ana i ka ʻai me ke kōkua o kahi beak pōkole.

• Maori Pup,
• membraneous
• Ussuri Zoek,
• ʻpylelo liʻiliʻi
• Ka nahesa pōkole
• ahe ʻona.
• kahuhipa liʻiliʻi
• mauna lani.

Shiloklyuvka (Recurvirostra avosetta)

He manu me kahi pīhoihoi hoihoi - shiloklyuvka

Hōʻike nui: kahi manu nui me ka ʻeleʻele a me ka keʻokeʻo ka hoʻohālikelike kaomi, kahi kui ke piʻi i luna. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino a hiki i ka 500 gram, ka lōʻihi - 50 sentimita. Hina hina nā wāwae.

Kahele: noho nā manu ma Eurasia a me ʻAmelika. Ma Lūkia, pūnana ma Ciscaucasia, ma ka hema o Siberia a me nā Caspian.

Nā hiʻohiʻona: shiloklyuvki - mau mākeke nani. I ka neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe, e hoʻolalelale ana lākou i ko lākou ʻāʻī a kau i ko lākou poʻo i ka ʻāina, ʻoiai ke ākea nei ko lākou mau ʻēheu a kani nā leo haʻalulu haʻahaʻa.

Magpie (Haematopus ostralegus)

ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka pahie

Hōʻike: manu nui me ka ʻeleʻele a me ka keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka beak ka lōʻihi ma ka ʻalani. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino 40-47 kenimika, paona 420-8820 mau kekona, nā ʻāpana pihi 80–86 centimeter.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa: noho nā kahu pendie i Western Europe, waena o Eurasia, Kamchatka, Kina a me Komohana Korea.

Nā hiʻohiʻona: ʻo ia ka lālā i ka ʻohana liʻiliʻi o nā manu kokoke i ka wai ʻo Haematopodidae, ke noho nei i nā kai kai.

• E hoʻokaʻāina ʻo New Zealand,
• Australia
• mea ʻokiʻoki poʻomanaʻo kahi i hana ʻia.

ʻO nā Palapala ʻo Wader

Sandpiper Magpie e ka Wai

1. ʻO nā mea mālama he nui, e like me nā snipe a me nā wahie, kahi mea e ʻimi nei.
2. Hiki i nā Sandpipers ke lele ke 11,000 mau hola luhi.
3. ʻO ka papaʻaina o kekahi mau ʻāpana kapu e loaʻa ana nā huahana lapuwale.
4. E pōmaikaʻi ʻo Waders i kahi kanaka ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea ʻino maikaʻi a me kā lākou lolo ma nā mahina kanu.
5. E maloʻo ka ʻiʻo Sandpiper, sinewy. E hana i ka momona i ka momona me nā momona, ua kuke ʻia ka ʻiʻo i ka liʻiliʻi oʻelima mau hola.
6. ʻAi pāʻina ʻaina kalo. 100 huaona o ka huahana he 130 kcal.

Nā kiʻi hae o nā pahu

Sandpiper hoʻonāukiuki - Golden Eagle

ʻO ka ola ʻana o Sandpiper he 15-20 mau makahiki. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole ola ka hapanui o nā manu a hiki i 5 mau makahiki, ʻoiai he nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā manu ma waena o nā manu manuʻala. Nā mea hoʻopunipuni, nā ʻewaʻewa gula, nā pōkole a me nā mea hūlū i nā pahu manu, nāhelehele, nā curlews o nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o nā mea hana. Hāpai nā manu Predatory mau mea pale i ka wā a lākou e ʻimi ai i loko o ka wai. I kēia manawa, lilo lākou i pale ʻole, ʻoiai luhi lākou e ʻimi ai i ka hopu. Ke hoʻokokoke kahi mea kolo, hoʻāʻo nā ʻale e ʻauʻau a holo aku paha, akā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e lanakila ana ka hoʻokūkū ikaika.

ʻO nā mea kālipa ma ka home

ʻO ke kiʻi o kahi mea hulikula a me kāna mau pua ma ka wao

Ke lilo nei nā kahu mea ʻoniʻoni i nā holoholona kūpaʻa no ka poʻe. ʻO ka pio i hāpai ʻia i loko o ka noho pio ʻana, ʻaʻole hopohopo i kahi kanaka, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kahu holoholona a me nā mea hānai kaiʻai. Hoʻopili nā manu i nā kūlana ola, kaʻai. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā hua nā mea pena i loko.

ʻAʻole makemake ʻia nā Sandpipers e hoʻopili i loko o nā pūpū. He ʻano ikaika kēia mau manu, no laila ma loko o kahi e hana ai lākou i ka launa ʻole, kaomi kūʻē i nā kaola. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi sandpiper i kahi aviary nui, kahi e loaʻa ai kahi wahi e kau ai, kahi ʻānai a me ka ʻihi i ka wai. E mālie ka manu inā mālama ʻia ia ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi kai kūlohelohe kahi e loaʻa ʻole ai kahi mea e noi ai.

E hānai ana ʻo ka mea hoʻomaʻahi wahine i kāna mau pua

ʻAi ʻia nā kahu ʻahuina me nā wīwī, kahi ʻōpala a me nā zofobus. I kekahi manawa hoʻohui i nā kaila koko i kahi māla lau malo. ʻO kekahi mau ornithologists aloha e hoʻohuli i nā manu hihiu i ka ʻiʻo kalo momona (a i ʻole naʻau), ʻokiʻoki i nā papa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.

Manaʻo

Noho ʻo Magpie wader a kāhea aku

Nui nā leo o nā pahu. He ʻano pilikino kēlā me kēia manu e pili ana i nā hoa pili. Ke kani nei ka leo o ka meaʻeleʻele mākeke. ʻO nā kāhea ʻana i ke kāne ka inoa o ka huaʻōlelo monosyllabic "peep", i hana pinepine ʻia me ka maʻamau o 4-5 mau kekona. Loaʻa nā mele ʻo Sparrow Sandpiper. Hoʻomau hou lākou ʻo "piu-piu-piu". Ua maloʻo ka chorus, akā me kēlā me kēlā me kēia kekona e holo wikiwiki ka mele. I ka hopena aia ke kani kani ʻana i kahi o ke mele sonorous "Ua inu au", laila lilo ka manu, a ma hope o kekahi mau kekona, ʻōlelo hou ke mele. ʻO nā leo i hana ʻia e nā pendie waders e like me kahi kao moa. E hoʻolaha wikiwiki nā manu a kani nui ke kani o "inu, inu." I ka wā e hīmeni ai nā manu i ka hīmeni ʻana, kani ke kani a kani me ke ʻano o nā leo o nā ʻohana o nā ʻīlako. Kuhi ʻia nā pale ʻeleʻele e ka squeak i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka "IEP-IEP".

Ulele nā ​​kamaiki Ulite. I ka wā e kamaʻilio kūkā ai me nā kaikuaʻana, hana lākou i nā leo ʻelua ʻelua maulima “tu-viit-ty-viit”.

ʻO nā Sandpipers e hoʻopaʻapaʻa i waena o lākou iho

Nui mau mea hana manu i ka wā e moe ana. ʻO ke akua, e wehewehe ana i nā pōpoki, me ka hoʻomau i nā mele "woo-etuyu-wu-etuyu" a mele koke i ka "tevee-tevwei". Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka wikiwiki o ke mele a me ka intonation. Inā kāhea ke kāne i ka wahine, kāhea ʻo ia i ka "tevek-tevek" a i ʻole "ve-te-te". Ke ʻike ʻia ka pōʻino, hoʻohiʻi pinepine i ka "te-vve-te-vve" a i "terevezhzhzh". I ka wā hoʻomaha, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ka leo haʻahaʻa o ke kīpī, e like me ka weliweli o kahi hipa. ʻO ka hana hou i ka “bala-bala-bala” he ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe: hoʻomaka ka hīmeni ʻana o ke mele, a laila wikiwiki hoʻi i kēlā me kēia kekona a haki nā “br”.

E like me ke kani ʻana i nā plovers. ʻO ia ka melodic kahe, e kahe neʻe ana mai ka haʻahaʻa a i ke kī kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopuka pinepine ʻia nā syllables, pau i "ii" a i ʻole "yy." ʻO kekahi manawa ke alakaʻi ʻia nā mele e kahi huaʻai "pi-piu" kani leo i kani ʻia no 3 kekona, a laila hoʻomaka nā kani:

Hana nā kāne a male male paha i ke kāla

Nui i ka nui o nā mea mālama manu a hāʻawi wale i ka leo i ka wā i pilikia a i ka wā e pili ana. I kēia manawa, kū mālie nā manu, kani ke kani, "hiuu-hiuu." ʻAʻole leo nui nā leo Woodcock. Ua like kona leo me ka ʻā ʻana o kahi moa a i ʻole kulā paha, e like me "khyr-khyr". ʻO Snipe e ʻōlelo mau ana i ka pō. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pōʻeleʻele, ʻōwili nui nā kāne i nā uē o ke "tundra". I ka manawa lawe, lawe ka ʻalā i ka "jeche", ma ka honua ua hoʻohuli ʻia kēia huaʻōlelo i nā leo nui e "che-keche-ke".

Ma ka papa inoa o Dahl

m .ist e pili ana i ka sandpiper (Glareola), sandpiper (magpie), ka wāwae ʻula (goldfinch), netigel (snail), herbalist, snub (recurvirostra), me kēlā me kēia mea. ka corostel a me nā moa, akā nā ʻanohele a pau. | * Makeā, ke kanaka ʻona. | ʻAneʻaupō, haʻaheo, kanaka ʻole ʻole. | Nov ka mea i hele mai i ke ʻākoakoa ʻana me ka maka nani, kahi okrunnik (mai kahi cul, he lei?). | Perm. tobolka, cheesecake. | ʻO nā Sandpipers, ke pāʻani o nā keiki. ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ka sandpiper, akā naʻe manu naʻe. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Duma i nā kahu noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo, e noho ana ma kahi kāhea. Loaʻa kēlā me kēia sandpiper i kāna puhipaka (i kāna ʻōpū). E mahalo ʻia kēlā me kēia wahi kāla. Aia i hea ʻoe e noho ai, sandpiper? I ka ua! E hele i kā mākou kahua! Aia ka maloʻo ma laila. Aia i ke ʻano, uē ana, akā mai loko mai o ka nuō? kāmera. ʻAʻole holo ʻo Kulik i kahi mākapu, mālama pono i kona poʻo. Pīlani keʻokeʻo alakaʻi i kahi lāʻau Kalikimaka. E mamao loa i ka mea kāwele i ka lā Petrov-lā. Ua hele mai kahi mea wana kahu mai ke kai mai, lawe mai i ka pūnāwai mai loko mai o ka bolt (lawe ʻia mai ka pūnāwai mai ka pio ʻana). A ʻike ka wīwā i ka ʻaoʻao o ka malihini, lele i ka hoʻoilo. A ʻike ka wīwā i ka ʻaoʻao ona, lele. ʻUwā, hoʻōho ʻia. ʻAʻole ia he mau lau e like me ke mele. Kulikov, nona, Kekahi Paka, pili iā ia. Na ke Akua i hoʻāla ai i nā mea paʻa o nā ʻūlā! E hoʻōho, e kūleʻa, e inu, e inu nui. Ua like anei me ia? Ua luhi au i kou puʻukani, i ka ʻawa. Kekahi e pili ana. inuinu, waiona.

I ka Palapala Kahiko Fasmer Max

Owau papahū II. "mummers", sandpiper plural "Ke kiʻina a nā keiki a hūnā a ʻimi" (M.–E. 2, 309), Polani. kulik "kaʻaahi mummy ma kahi Shrovetide e hele ana mai kēlā hale a i kekahi hale a manaʻo paha e ʻimi ana i kahi manu" (Bruckner, RF 6, 628). Poaʻe ltsh. kuluosʻelekt "hele i ka huna", kulniêks "huna" (Mi. ЕW 147). Loaʻa paha i ka mea i hala ma mua, e ʻike iā Berneker 1, 642, Bruckner 281. He pilina hoʻomau me ka "cheater", e kue ʻole iā Potebne (RFV 3, 167 et seq.). ʻO ka hopena hope loa e pili ana i ka iho.
II kulikrod. n. -a I. manu "Sсolorah", Iukake Sandpiper - ka like, Czech. kulík "sandpiper, zuyek", kulich "owl", Polish. kulik, kulig "sandpiper".
Pili pili. kulainis curlew, kuleinis coot, lit. kúolinga - manu "Numenius arquatus", hiki nō iā ʻoe kekahi. kulīkā "kekahi ʻano manu", kōlā́halas "uē i ke kanaka a me nā holoholona", lit. kaũlyti "beg", see Berneker 1, 642, IF 8, 286, M.–E. 2, 304, Trautman, BSW 138, Uhlenbeck, Aind. Wb. 60, Specht 157, 204, cf. also Petersson, Lunds Univ. Årsskr. N. F. 19, N o 6, p 35, Bulakhovsky, Olya, 7, p 103. Onomatopoeia.

I loko o ka moʻolelo o ke Encyclopedia

Grigory Ivanovich (1890-1950), Mareko o ka Soviet Union (1940), Hero o ka Soviet Union (1940). Mai ka makahiki 1939, ʻo Deputy Commissar o ka pale o ka USSR a me ke poʻo o ka Luna Hoʻonohonoho Nui. I ke Kaua Honua II ua kauoha ʻo ia i nā pūʻali koa. I Pepeluali 1942, ma ke ʻano he mākaukau o ka Luna Nui Kiʻi Nui, ua haʻalele ʻo ia i nā pūʻali ma ka wahi o Kerch, a ʻo ka ʻae ʻana i ka kauoha e hoʻonohonoho i ka pale, ua waiho ʻia i ka pahu o ka marshal a i hōʻike ʻia i ka lehulehu. Mai ʻApelila 1943, ma ke alo, mai Ianuali 1944, ka luna nui o ka Luna Hoʻokele Nui o ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me nā limahana limahana o ka pūʻali koa Red. Ma hope o ke kaua, ka luna kaua o ka pūʻali koa. Reppred, hana hou i ka make me ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ma ka laina o Marshal o Soviet Union i ka makahiki 1957 .--- Ivan Yulianovich (1897-1941), mea kākau Ukrainia. ʻO nā mele a me nā mele e pili ai i ke Kaua Honua, e pili ana i ke kaikunāne o nā poʻe. Ke hoʻoponopono nei, hoʻolaʻa hou a me ke aloha .--- Leonid Alekseevich (1883-1942), Mineralogist Lūkini, hoʻonohonoho i ka noiʻi meteorite ma Rūsia. Ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi mau huakaʻi o ka makahiki (1927-30 a 1938-39) i ka pūnaewele o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka meteorite Tunguska. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua II, ua manawaleʻa ʻo ia no ka militia o nā kānaka, ua hōʻeha ʻia a make i loko o kahi hoʻomoana hoʻokaʻa Nazi .-- Mikhail Markelovich (1909-83), mea hoʻolālā hana mokulele, Doctor of Technical Science (1967). I nā makahiki 30. hoʻomohala a hoʻāʻo ʻia e lele ea. I ka makahiki 1936-37, ka luna hoʻomohala nui o ka Luna Hoʻokele Aeronautics o ka Civil Air Fleet. I ka 1937-39 i loko o ka noho mālama. I ka wā nui o ka Kaua Patriotic War, ua mālama ʻo ia i ka hoʻoponopono o ke kahua o nā mokulele. I 1964-70, Kuhina Kuhina Aupuni Aviation.