No ka ʻohana duck nā ʻohana kumulāʻau. Hāpai ka māhele ʻāina i ka ʻaoʻao kahawai o Siberia mai Baikal a me Lena a hiki i ka Arctic Circle a me ka Far East, ʻākau ʻākau ʻAmelika, ʻo Islandia, a me Greenland. I ka hoʻoilo, lele nā manu i ka moana a me ke kahakai o ka Pakipika. Loaʻa nā hui manuahi i nā manu i Western Europe. Ma Islandi a me Kahiki Kaʻāina, kahi ʻāpana o nā pato pōhaku e alakaʻi i kahi ala maʻalahi. I ka wā hana nui, koho kēia mau manu i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe a me nā pūleo kokoke i nā kahawai. I ka hoʻoilo, neʻe lākou i kahakai o nā kahakai o ke kai, kahi i mālama ʻia ai lākou i nā ʻeke.
Kāleka
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 36-51 cm. Aia he 450-680 g. He mau polū nā kauā me nā ʻaoʻao chestnut. Aia nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma luna o ke poʻo i kokoke i nā maka. ʻO kahi kālaiʻeleʻele me nā pelemeke ma nā ʻaoʻao, e holo ana ma luna o ka poʻo o ke poʻo. ʻEleʻele ka ʻāʻī, ma kona ʻāpana i kahi kaula keʻokeʻo i ke ʻano o kahi kola. ʻEleʻele ka huelo, lōʻihi a koʻikoʻi. He ʻulaʻula-uliuli hoʻi ʻo Bill, ʻano ʻulaʻula. I nā kāne, he hina hina ka plumage. Aia he 3 keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ke poʻo. Aia kahi wahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma hope o kēlā me kēia maka. Ma ka laulā, nānā nā hiʻohiʻona wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Lele ʻo Kamenushki i nā wahi i hānai i nā kahua hānai i ka hopena o Mei, i ka hoʻomaka mua o Iune ua paʻa i ʻelua. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā nests ma ka ʻāina kokoke i nā kahawai mauna me kahi kahe wikiwiki ma lalo o nā wailele, nā keiki ma loko, nā pōneki dwarf, i loko o nā nīkini. ʻO ka mamao ma ka wai ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1 mika. ʻAʻohe o ka lini ma ka pū. He wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō ka mea fluff. I loko o ka lālani, aia mai 3 a 8 mau huaʻaila.
Hoʻomoe ka wā incubation i nā lā 28-30. Ma hope o ka honu ana o nā kao, alakaʻi ka wahine iā lākou i ka wai. Kū nā ʻōpio i ka ʻēheu i ka malama 2 o ke ola. I ka malama Kepakemapa, waiho nā manu i ko lākou mau wahi waiwai. Loaʻa ka Puberty i ka makahiki 2 o ke ola. loaʻa ka kāne i kahi lole mare piha i ka makahiki 3 o ke ola. I ka nahele, ola ka pōhaku ʻōpio mai 12 a 14 mau makahiki.
Kaʻai ʻana a me ka kaʻai ʻana
Haʻalele ʻo Drakes i kā lākou mau wahi huna i ka hopena o Iune. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka molting, ʻānai lākou i ka kai i loko o nā ʻohana. Kaheʻe ʻana mai ka hopena o Iulai a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake. Uwā ka wahine ma hope o kā lākou mau lālā. ʻO ka molt lua, i ka mea i loaʻa i nā kāne i kahi lole moena, hele mau i nā wahi hoʻoilo. I ka manawa like, nā wīwī a ʻōpio. A kā lākou molt e hiki mai ana i ke kauwela. I ka makahiki 2 o ke ola o ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa ka ʻōpio'ōpiopio i ka plumage kokoke i kahi pākeke, a hiki i nā pākeke ke loaʻa ka plumage i ka hoʻoilo ma ka makahiki 3 o ke ola.
Hōʻalo maikaʻi kēia mau manu. Hamulu a plumage i ka paʻalela, no laila he nui ka ea i loko. Kōkua ia ka mālama i ka mahana i ka wai anuanu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka buoyancy: nā manu ma hope o ka lele ʻana i waho o ka wai, e like me nā corks. ʻO ka papaʻai me nā mollusks, nā mea kanu, nā mea inikini, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Hōʻalo nā ʻōiwi liʻiliʻi mai ka maka o ka wai i ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki. Hāpai lākou i nā kūwaha nui a me ka palau mālie. ʻAʻole pili ka poʻe maoli o kēia ʻĀpana i kēia mau manu nani, no ka mea, ua manaʻo lākou he ʻuhane nā keiki a ka poʻe i make i ka wai. Ua haʻahaʻa ka nui o kēia mau ʻano. Ua hopohopo ʻia ʻo ia.
Hoʻokomo a me ka hoʻōla
Aia ka pōhaku maʻamau ma North-Eastern Siberia, ka Far East, North-West America, Greenland, Islandia a noho i nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi nā muliwai o ka papakū. I ka hapa nui o ka laulā, ʻo ka pōhaku liʻiliʻi he manu migratory. Kōle ka wīwī ma ka Pākīpika a me ka moana ʻo Atlantika, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o nā kahua aloha, i ka hoʻoilo ka hoʻoilo ma ka moana ma nā kahakai. Hoʻopau maikaʻi loa ʻo Kamenushki, ʻaʻole makaʻu i ka heʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mau pīpī i ke kahakai, kahi e ʻimi pinepine ai lākou i nā meaʻai. Ma ka manawa like, ua holo nā manu e hoʻokokoke kokoke i kēlā me kēia mea i hoʻopā aku ko lākou kino. Ma luna o ka wai, e noho nui nā pōhaku, e hāpai ana i ko lākou huelo, a inā pono, lawe wikiwiki a maʻalahi.
Ke hānai nei lākou i nā crustaceans, mollusks, nā koena o ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, echinoderms, nā pepeke a me kā lākou ʻōpio (caddis lele, springflies, water bug and bugs). Loaʻa ia ia ka meaʻai me ka diving ma hope o ia.
Keula
ʻAʻole paʻa ka pākaha moekolohe ma nā pōhaku ma mua o ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola (ma hope o ka hoʻoilo ʻana ʻelua), a piha ka lole make hanake wale nō i ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke ola. ʻO ka makahiki mua e hoʻopau ai nā manu i nā kula ma kahakai. Lele aku nei lāua i nā wahi moe, e ʻaki ana i nā huina ʻelua. Ma Anadyr, hālāwai lāua i ʻelua i nā lā mua i ke kau ʻana (Iune 5-6), ʻoiai me kekahi mau wahine mālama i ka 2 kāne. E hāhalo ana nā ʻōkaka nā kēia me nā umauma protruding, me nā ʻēheu e pālahalaha a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia. Hāpai lākou i ko lākou poʻo i hoʻolei ʻia i ko lākou kua me ko lākou mau ʻūlū, a hoʻomāhuʻi koke ʻia a hoʻoulu ʻia, e kū ana me ka leo nui e like me "gi-ek." Uwā nā wahine ma ke ʻano like o ke ʻano o "gi-ak."
Nā hoʻohihi a me ka hoʻoulu
Aia ʻo Kamenushki ma nā kahawai o nā kahawai mauna me nā kahe wikiwiki, nā alapiʻi a me nā kapa honi, ma Kamchatka, a hiki i 400-500 m. ma. m. I Siberia, ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka waena, hoʻomaka ka masonry i ka hapa mua o Iune. ʻO ka biology o ka hoʻokano ma Rūsia ʻaʻole aneane maopopo loa. Aia ma Islandi, aia nā ʻuʻu ma lalo o nā pōkā dwarf, walo a me nā keiki wai keiki, a i ʻole nā nīnū o ke kahakai ma lalo o ka mauʻu lawaiʻa, pinepine ka lōʻihi ma lalo o 1 m mai ke kahawai kahawai. ʻAʻohe o lākou lining, koe wale nō kahi liʻiliʻi o ka fluff. Ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua kūkulu ʻia nā pōhaku e pili kokoke ana i ka wai, i ka ʻāina palupalu, pinepine i waena o nā pōhaku a i lalo hoʻi o ka uhi o nā mauʻu a me nā kumu lāʻau. I ka masonry o nā pōhaku, aia kahi mai i 3 a 8 mau hua. ʻO ka mahalo, ʻo kēia puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi ke lawe nei i nā hua i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui a me ka moa. He maʻalahi ka loiloi o ke kūlohelohe: ʻoi ka nui o ka hua, ka nui a ka pipi i ka pipi mai laila, no laila, e ulu wikiwiki ka mea, he mea nui loa i nā kūlana o ke kauwela Siberian pōkole. Hoʻopili ka wahine i nā hua no 27-29 mau lā, ʻoiai ʻo nā kāne o kēia manawa e pale aku i ka ʻāina ʻoihana, akā i ka wā e hiki mai ʻaʻole i mālama i ka mālama o ka mamo. Ke hele maila ka pipi a maloʻo lā, alakaʻi ka wahine iā lākou i ka muliwai. Loaʻa i nā pipi nā mea hiki ke lele i ka makahiki o 5-6 mau pule, a ma Kepakemapa e waiho nā pōhaku i kā lākou mau wahi huna.
I ka hala ʻana o Iune, ua nalowale nā ʻōpua pākeke mai nā wahi ulu a ʻike ʻia ma ke kai, kahi e hōʻuluʻulu ai lākou i nā hipa, i kekahi manawa e hui pū me nā hipa o nā makahiki ʻōpio. I ka hopena o Iulai a i ʻAukake e molt. Hoʻomaka nā wahine ʻōpio i nā haehae ma hope o ke ala ʻana o nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio ma ka ʻēheu. Hoʻomaka ʻia ka hana kapu ʻana i ka lole mare i ka loina i ka pōkole a loaʻa i nā wahi o kā lākou hoʻoilo. ʻO ka manu ʻōpio nāu manuahi i ka manawa like. ʻO ka molt e hiki mai ana i loko o kā lākou kiʻiʻana i ka manawa like e like me nā kāne kāne. I ka hoʻohālikelike o ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, ua kau nā ʻōpio'ōpiopio i kahi lole e kokoke kokoke ana i kahi pākeke, akā loaʻa iā lākou i ka hopena hope loa i ka ʻā o ka makahiki ʻekolu.
ʻO ka waiwai lawaiʻa
Ma ka waiwai nui e like me ka manu manuahi, hiki ke loaʻa wale ʻia ma nā wahi: ma ka Kolyma luna, aia kahi mau nui ka nui o nā ʻeke lawaiʻa, kokoke i Okhotsk, kahi e ʻimi ʻia ai nā manu e ʻike ʻia ana i nā kapakai, a ma nā Komandorsky Islands, kahi e mālama ai lākou i kōkua nui i ka ʻai ʻana i ka hoʻoilo, ka wā e ʻike ai nā manu ʻē aʻe kokoke i nā mokupuni he kakaikahi.
Nā hōʻailona kūmole o kahi pōhaku
He ʻulaʻula loa ke kala a he nui nā kala. ʻO ke kino o ke kāne nā ʻulaʻula polū, me nā ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele hoʻi. ʻEleʻele ka hulu ma ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. Aia nā wahi maka ma ka ihu, ka puʻu pepeiao a ma ke kua. Aia ma ʻelua mau wahi keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi ma hope o nā maka. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, ma lalo o nā wahi keʻokeʻo, he mau kiʻi o ka hue. ʻO kahi lei keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hoʻopuni puni ʻole i ka ʻāʻī. ʻO kekahi laina keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me kahi palena ʻeleʻele e holo ana ma ka umauma. ʻEleʻele ka pihi a me hope a i hope. Kūleʻa nā ʻaoʻao.
Nā ʻonoho (Histrionicus histrionicus)
Aia kekahi wahi kahihi liʻiliʻi keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka lulu o ka ʻēheu. ʻO ka ʻāpana lalo o nā ʻēheu he brown. Keʻokeʻo nā hulu ma nā poʻohiwi. He lei ʻeleʻele ka uhi ʻia nā ʻēheu. ʻEleʻele a ʻulaʻula a me ka uliuli me nā gulu. He ʻeleʻele-ʻōuli ka sacrum. ʻEleʻele ka ʻeleʻele. He ʻulaʻā ka pīpī - ʻoliva, a he mālamalama māmā ke ʻano. Pāʻule hina - pale poloka me nā membran black. Kāleka brown. ʻO ka drake i ka plumage kauwela ma hope o ka molting ua uhi ʻia me ka plumage o kahi kala ʻalekele brown.
ʻOkoʻa ʻē ka wahine i loko o ka plumage i ke kāne.
ʻO ka uhi hulu o ka peke he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka kala me ka ʻōleʻa oliva. ʻEkolu mau wahi keʻokeʻo e ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo. ʻO ka papa haʻahaʻa o ke kino i keʻokeʻo me nā pupu iki a me ke keʻokeʻo māmā. ʻEleʻele ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka huluhulu i ka ʻāpana like. ʻUkua a mau wāwae i ka ʻōkuhi-hina. ʻO nā pōhaku ʻōpiopio e like nō me nā wahine pākeke i ka lūlū plumage, akā e kū like ana ke kala hope i ka lua o ka makahiki ma hope o kekahi mau molts.
ʻOkoʻa ʻē ka wahine i loko o ka plumage i ke kāne.
Mākaha i nā pōhaku
He ʻōhua Holarctic ka pōhaku, kahi i pani ʻia ma nā wahi. Kōlele aku ia i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau-hikina o Siberia, kahi e noho ana ka ʻāina i ka muliwai Lena a me Lake Baikal. Ma ka ʻākau, loaʻa kahi pōhaku liʻiliʻi kokoke i ka Pōkopa Arctic, ma ka hema hema a hiki i Primorye. Loaʻa ʻia ma kahi o Kamchatka a me nā Mokuna Nui. E kaawale ʻūlū ʻana ma. E nīnau i ka moana o Iapana. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika ma ke kahakai ʻĀkau o ke Kai Pakipika, hoʻopio i ka ʻāina Cordillera a me nā Pōhaku Rocky. E noho ana ma hope aʻe o ke kahawai ʻo Labrador, ma ke kahakai o Iceland a me Greenland.
Noho ʻo Kamenushki ma nā wahi i kahi pinepine nā wai wai ʻino.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻano o nā pōhaku
Kamenushki - nā manu hānai manu e hānai, hoʻowahāwahā a hoʻoilo i nā wahi kuʻuna i nā pūʻulu, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o ka wā hana, i ka wā e noho ai nā manu i nā pālua. Loaʻa lākou i nā kūlana paʻakikī. Hiki i nā pōhaku ke ʻau i ka pā, e piʻi i nā pali i lalo a me nā pali i lalo. I ka manawa like, nui nā manu e make i nā wahi nalu, kahi e hoʻolei ai nā nalu i nā ʻāpana o nā pali pōhaku i kahakai.
Kamenushki - ʻohana manu
Holoi i nā pōhaku
Hoʻoponopono ʻo Kamenushki i kā lākou ʻuʻuku i nā wahi ʻākau. I ke kauwela, noho nā pelo ma nā loko o nā kuahiwi a me nā muliwai. Koho ʻia nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā wahi huna. Ma hope koke iho o ka hōʻea ʻana, ʻelua mau kāne mālama i kekahi wahine. I ka wā moe, hoʻonohonoho nā drakes i kēia manawa, ʻoiai lākou e pīhoihoi i ko lākou mau umauma, e pālahalaha a hoʻolei i ko lākou mau poʻo, a hoʻolei wikiwiki i ka ulu, hoʻomaka i kahi leo "gi-ek". Hoʻokipa nā wahine i nā kāhea mai nā drakes me kahi kani like. Hoʻokumu ʻo Kamenushki i kahi pūnana ma nā puʻu kiʻekiʻe o nā kahawai me ka holo o ka wikiwiki i nā rifts, pebble banking, ma waena o nā pōhaku, i nā lāʻau ulu palala.
Ma Iceland, koho nā pōhaku huna e pili ana i nā wahi me nā wīwī dwarf, nā pōkā, a me ka juniper kokoke loa i ka seething. Ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika, nā manu kani manuahi i loko o nā papa, i waena o nā pōhaku. Loaʻa ka lining, ka lalo lalo e uhi ana i ka manu a ka manu.
Hoʻoponopono ʻo Kamenushki i kā lākou ʻuʻuku i nā wahi ʻākau.
E waiho ana ka wahine i ʻekolu, ʻehiku mau huaolani polū. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā nui hua ʻōhua i hua moa manu. Loaʻa i kahi hua nui nā huaʻai nui a ʻike nui ka moa, no laila e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā manawa ulu i ke kauwela pōkole. Aia i ka Hatching 27-30 mau lā. Mālama ʻia ke kāne i kahi kokoke, ʻaʻole mālama pono i ka hua. Kokoke nā moa i nā pōhaku ʻōpala a me ka maloo, e ʻimi i ka pato a ka wai. Hōʻalo maikaʻi nā ʻōpio a loaʻa nā meaʻai kokoke i ke kapakai. ʻO nā pōhaku ʻōpio e hana i ko lākou mau huakaʻi lele i ka wā e huli ai lākou i 5-6 mau makahiki he mau makahiki.
Kele aku ka hapanui koleke i ka hopena o Iune e waiho i kā lākou mau wahi hānai me ka hana ʻana i nā holoholona e hānai i ke kahakai. I hoʻokahi manawa hoʻohui ʻia nā pōhaku iā lākou, ʻo ia wale nō ka makahiki hoʻokahi. E hana ana ka hoʻokahe nui ʻana ma ka hopena o Iulai a i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake. Noho nui nā wahine i ka wā maʻa lākou e hānai i nā hua. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā manu e mālama i ka hoʻoilo ma nā pā hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. Hānau nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi i ka makahiki 2 a 3 paha, akā no ka hapanui o ko lākou huli ʻana i 4-5 mau makahiki. ʻO kā lākou hui hou ʻana i ka hāʻule i ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi hoʻoilo.
I Kepakemapa, lele nā manu
Ke kūlana o ka mālama ʻana o ka pōhaku
ʻO Kamenushka ma nā ʻāina hikina o Canada ka mea i hōʻike ʻia he mau mea hoʻoweliweli. Ua ʻike ʻia he ʻekolu mau kumu i hiki ke wehewehe i ka kaohi ʻana o nā helu: ka pau ʻole o ka wai me nā hua aila, ka hōʻea kino ʻana o ka noho a me nā wahi e hoʻopiʻi ai, nā holoholona hānai nui, no ka mea ua hoʻokaʻawale ka pōhaku i nā poachers me kahi kala ākea.
Noho ʻo Kamenushki ma nā kapa o nā wai wai.
No kēia mau kumu, mālama ʻia nā ʻano ma Kanada. Ma waho o Canada, ua kū mālie ka nui o nā manu me ka hoʻonui ʻana, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka mālama haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia paʻa i nā helu ma muli o kēia ʻano o kēia mau ducks i nā wahi i kahi mamao aku i nā noho kanaka.
Nā ʻāpana o nā pōhaku
ʻElua mau subspecies o nā pōhaku:
- luna subspecies N. h. Aia ka histrionicus i Labrador, Iceland, Greenland.
- H. h. Loaʻa ka pacificus ma ka hema ma Siberia ma kahiki a me ke komohana o ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
ʻĀina waiwai
He nui wale ka waiwai nui ʻo Kamenushki ma nā wahi, ua pana ʻia nā manu ma luna o ka Kolyma o luna, kahi nui loa o kēia ʻano holoholona i waena o nā pika manu. Ma kahi kokoke i nā manu molting Okhotk e hopu ʻia ma kahakai. Ma nā mokupuni ʻo Commander, ʻo ia ka māka lawaiʻa nui i ka hoʻoilo, ke haʻalele nā ʻōiwi i nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
Kamenushka
ʻO Kamenushka - kahi kauoha Anseriformes, ʻohana Duck
Nā ʻ (lelo (Histrionicus histrionicus). Hōʻailona - ʻAmelika, ʻAmelika, Hema Lepona 65 cm Kaupaona 750 g
He manu liʻiliʻi ʻo Kamenushka. Loaʻa iā ia kona inoa no kona mau wahi - makemake ʻo kēia puʻulu e noho ma nā kaʻe o nā kahawai o nā kuahiwi, a ua hoʻolilo i ka hoʻoilo ma nā kahawai o Atlantika a me nā kapakai o ka Pākīpika. I ka wā moe, ka drake, paʻi i ke koena o ka manawa kūpono i ka manawa, loaʻa iā ia kahi lole kupaianaha kupanaha.
Pale ka pipi ʻoi aku me ka nani, hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia, hiki ke ʻai i loko o kahi māla o ke kahawai, e kuʻi wale ʻia i nā manu ʻē aʻe. ʻAi ka manu i ka meaʻai o ka holoholona, lilo ka mea make i ka mea make a me kā lākou naima, nā amphibians liʻiliʻi, mollusks, a me nā crustaceans. ʻO ka hapanui o kā lākou manu e loaʻa mai i lalo o nā hale noho. ʻAʻole mālama hohonu ʻo ia, akā ma lalo o ka wai hiki ke lōʻihi i kahi lōʻihi. I nā huhū, nā kamaʻāina o ke kamaʻāina ʻākau i luna o ka pōhaku.