- Hoʻolālā Hoʻolālā ʻAha Pūnaewele
- He kūlana Geographic
- ʻO ka pilikia a me ka lepo
- Hoʻolaka
- Ke ola honua
- Honua holoholona
- Nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe
- Kahu o Taiga
- He aha kā mākou i aʻo ai?
He kūlana Geographic
Aia ka ʻāina kūlohelohe kū i ka ʻāpana ʻelua. Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, aia nō ia ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau i waena o ka ʻāina. Ma Eurasia, mai ka Scandinavian Peninsula a hiki i ke kahakai o ka Pākīpika.
ʻO ka wahi kūlohelohe o Rūsia, taiga, e noho ma kahi o ka nui. ʻO kona lōʻihi i ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa he 800 km., In Eastern Siberia - 2150 km. He mea nui ka hele wai. ʻO nā muliwai nui loa o nā taiga, ʻo ka Dvina ʻĀina, Pechora, a me Ob.
ʻO ka pilikia a me ka lepo
ʻO ka pākuʻi ʻia ka hoʻomaha, i kekahi manawa i ʻike ʻia e nā awāwa hohonu hohonu. ʻO nā ululāʻau Evergreen aia i nā wahi haʻahaʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka wā o ka ʻai.
ʻAno ka lepo. Ma muli o ke ʻano ʻino, ua pohā nui ka pā anuhele; Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻulima hāʻule iho mai nā lāʻau e loaʻa ana i nā waikawa pōpilikia, ka mea, i ka wā e pau a me ke kīpē.
Hoʻolaka
ʻO kēia ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka taiga kūlohelohe kumu. ʻO ke anuanu ka maloʻo, maloʻo, mau loa 7-8 mau mahina. ʻO ke kauwela, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lōʻihi, akā heʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka pōkole a me ka puʻupuʻu kahi pōkole loa, ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina. Mai ka palena o ka taiga ma ka tundra, pā mai nā makani anuanu mai ka ʻAlika Arctic no ka hapanui o ka makahiki.
ʻO ka mahana wela o ke kauwela wela ma Celsius + 21 °. ʻO ka mahana wela o ka hoʻoilo he -54 °.
Ke ola honua
ʻO nā mea nui nā conifer evergreen. Ua kapa ʻia lākou no ka mea e ʻae i nā lau lauleʻa i ka umauma e mālama ʻia i ka makahiki a ʻaʻole pono nā lāʻau i ka mākaʻikaʻi e like me nā lau lau a hoʻolei i nā pono. ʻO ka mea hoʻokūkū kahi larch. ʻOiai me kaʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia lāʻau he coniferous, ke hōʻike nei ia no ka hoʻoilo.
Nā ʻelele maʻamau o ka taiga: pine, spruce, fir, larch. Ma nā ululāʻau, loaʻa nā ʻōpū he nui. Ua ulu ka mosses, lichens, a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻōpū. He liʻiliʻi nā pua ma nā paleʻeleʻele.
Honua holoholona
Pono nā holoholona a pau e hoʻoponopono i nā kūlana paʻakikī. I waena o nā manu, ʻo ka hapa nui ka migratory. A puni ka makahiki, e mau wale nō nā ʻaeto a me nā ʻawena. ʻO ke kokoke i ka papa e ola i nā rodents liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā kahu nā mea ulu lāʻau o ka nahele; i ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo lākou i ka wā hānau. ʻIke ʻia ke aliʻi o ka nahele nahele i kahi ʻulaʻula ulaula - no kona mau pepeiao nunui i ulana ʻia. Ma ka taiga e ola ka hapanui nui o ka ʻohana cat - ka tiger Siberian.
ʻO ka haʻaheo o ka Primorsky Teritori ma Lūkini ka Ussuri taiga. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻano kūlohelohe no kāna waiwai a me nā ʻāina nani. Akā ʻo ka mea nui o ka hoʻokele e noho nei a noho i ʻaneʻi - ka tiger Ussuri, aia ma ke ʻano he ʻumi wale nō.
Kuhi. 3. tiger Ussuri
Nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe
Ua aʻo ʻia he mea liʻiliʻi loa ka Russian taiiga. Ma muli o kona lōʻihi a me nā kūlana paʻakikī, he paʻakikī nui ke hoʻonohonoho i nā wahi noiʻi ma aneʻi. I ko mākou ʻāina, e hoʻohana nui ana ka ulu lāʻau i nā ʻoihana hana. Hoʻopuka pū kekahi i nā aila, mīkini, keʻa.
He waiwai nui loa ko Taiga Kanada. Eia, nā metala e like me ke gula, keleawe, ka zinc, ke kālā, ka uranium o ka mined. I kekahi manawa, ua holo aku nā makana gula āpau i ʻAmelika ʻAmelika e loaʻa i ka waiwai.
ʻĀpana hāmeʻa (baribal)
ʻO kahi ʻōuli ʻeleʻele a iʻa paha kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa a nānā like ʻole mai ka bear brown. Heʻuʻuku ia ma mua o nā grizzly, kahi i hui pū ʻia i nā wahi like o ko ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a ma waena o nā ʻūhā poʻohiwi ʻaʻole ia i ke ʻano o ka hump o kahi bear brown. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ke kīwī ma Alaska, aneane nā mokuʻāina ʻo Kanada. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻaʻohe holoholona he nui wale i nā mokuʻāina e pili kokoke ana i ka Mississippi. Noho ka ʻeleʻele ma ke komohana, ma ka hikina o ka ʻāina, a hoʻopio nā kahawai hema. Ua koho ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka waena a me ke komohana o Mexico. ʻO ia hoʻi, he mea maʻamau nō kēia ʻano ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, e like me kahi bear brown i Siberia.
ʻO ka paona o ka bea ʻeleʻele e ʻano me ka manawa o ka makahiki, ʻōpio, a me nā kāne. I ka wā o ka hāʻule, ʻoi aku ka paona o 30% ma mua o ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e haʻalele ai i ka lua ma hope o ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka hoʻoilo. ʻOi aku ka loaʻa o nā ʻili kūleʻele i ke kahakai hikina o ka ʻāina ma mua o ka poʻe noho o nā ʻaoʻao komohana. ʻO ka paona o nā kāne mai ka 55 a 250 kg. Kaupaona nā wahine mai 40 a 170 cm. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻokoʻa nā wahine wahine ma mua o ka male ikaika. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka wā pākeke he 1.2-2 mau mika. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lulu e hiki aku i 70-105 cm. Aia ka huelo i ka lōʻihi i 8-17 cm.
ʻEleʻele ka hulu o ka mea keʻa, pōkole a mālie. ʻO ka muzzle wale nō he lei melemele ʻelele. Akā i kekahi manawa aia nā bears me nā aniani o nā hulu. Hiki keʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele me kahi paila blint, keʻokeʻo. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole palupalu ke kala hope loa. Mai nā haneli haneli o ka hānau hānau, hoʻokahi wale nō e hiki ke kaena i kēlā mau mea hoʻonani a kūlike ʻole no ka lauoho lauoho ʻeleʻele. Loaʻa ka poʻe keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻākau hema o Kanada.
Cedar
He kanaka makaʻolo kēia o ka taiga aloha. Me ka beak lōʻihi ikaika, wehe ʻo ia i nā hua mai nā cone maloʻo. Ke hoʻopiha nei iā lākou me ka goiter, holo ka lāʻau kedera i ka pāʻina awakea ma ke kihi o ka ulu lāʻau. A ke kali nei nā pīlio pōloli iā ia, hānai iā ia i loko o kahi pūnana, kahi ʻōpio mai nā lālā a me nā moss ma ka paina lōʻihi. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoili ʻo ia i nā nati me ka hūnā iā lākou i loko o nā moss a i ʻole nā ʻōpala o nā lāʻau popo.
ʻO nā manu like ʻole, a me nā holoholona, ua ʻike pinepine ʻia i loko o kona ʻōpū. Ke waiho nei kekahi o nā huaʻala i kaʻi a ulu a ma ka puna: eia kēia ke komo ʻana o ka lāʻau cedar i ka hoʻokū hou ʻana o ka lāʻau cedar Siberian. Ke wā kanu a pau i nā huaʻai, ʻai nā manu i nā ʻōpua, nā anuʻi, nā hua kanu o ka puna, nā hua. I nā makahiki he maikaʻi ʻole no nā cones, hōʻuluʻulu i nā lāʻau pine lāʻau i ka hipa a me ka holoholo nui, e lele pinepine ana ma kahi o ke rohe taiga.
Nui ka poʻe e manaʻo ʻo ka bear ka holoholona ʻoi aku ka nui i ka taiga, akā naʻe ʻaʻole kēia. ʻO ka pōʻino loa ka moose. ʻIno wale, ka moose kāne i ka wā ʻōpio ("wā hānai"). I kēia manawa, ua pōkole nā kāne male ʻokoʻa a nā kāne wahine i mea kūpono ʻole i kāna ʻano a ʻike ʻo ia i kekahi mea ola e like me ka mea hoʻokūkū. ʻAʻole makemake ka hānai i ka wahine i ka mea e mālama ana i kāna mea aloha - maikaʻi ʻole, e hoʻomaopopo ʻia (ʻo wai makemake ia?). A no laila he mea nui kāna hoʻomālamalama. Ke neʻe nei ʻo ia ma luna o ka neʻe ʻana, ka luhi wale ʻole. Kuhi mua ma mua o kāna mea hiki ke hoʻokūkū, a inā he kāne kēia, a laila hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole ʻo ia. ʻO ka ikaika loa o kēia iwi (mai ka 300 a hiki i 650 kg) ka ikaika loa, a no laila ke kūpaʻa nei ka hālāwai me ke moose i ka wā ʻoi ka rutting. ʻO ka wā rutting e mau i ka hāʻule, Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa.
ʻO nā mea ʻoluʻolu loa no nā wahine, ʻoi aku nā kāne me nā pepeiaohao nui. ʻO ʻoe: e like me ke ʻano o ke kāne ikaika? Kūpono. Ua manaʻo ka wahine, inā i loaʻa i kēia mau pū nunui nā kāne, ʻo ia ka mea i hiki iā ia ke kiʻi i nā meaʻai nui ponoʻī iā ia iho, hoʻokūkū nui ʻia me nā moose ʻē aʻe no kēia meaʻai i hoʻokau ʻo ia e ulu i kēlā mau puʻupuʻu nui nona iho. No laila, e hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i ka ʻai nui, e ola maikaʻi ka hua a me ka ikaika. Hoʻohālikelike me nā kānaka, ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā wahine i kahi kāne ma mua o ka waiwai nui.
ʻAe ʻai ka Moose i nā mea kanu kanu, akā naʻe, nā bipi a me ke kākā. No ka moose ka ʻohana deer a me ke kauoha artiodactyl. ʻAi ʻia ka lau i nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, nā lāʻau, nā mosses, nā lichens, nā mea kanu ʻai, nā mea kanu ʻole. Makemake lākou e noho i nā ululāʻau i hui ʻia me ka haʻalulu pōkole, me ka nui o nā aspens a me nā kapa. Ma kēia ala, ʻai ʻia kahi moose e pili ana i 7 mau hanina o ka makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. A i ka hoʻoilo, ʻai liʻiliʻi ʻo ia, akā mālama i ka ikehu.
Ram dalla
I ka makahiki 1877, i kona huakaʻi hele ʻana ma ke kahakai komohana ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike mua ʻo zoologist ʻAmelika ʻo William Hillie Dall (1845-1927) i hōʻike aku i kahi ʻano hipa hou, kahi i ʻike ʻia e ka hulu hulu manu-keokeo. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope iho, ua ʻike ʻia kēia holoholona e ka mea hoʻopuka kahu holoholona me ka mea kākau ʻo John Muir ma ka ʻelua poʻo o ka puʻu ʻo Denali ma Alaska.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka hipa o Dall. Ua kapa ʻia nō ia he hipa ʻokiʻoki ʻia a i kekahi manawa i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka subspecies o kahi hipa wiwi ʻole pāwili ʻia.
ʻO kahi nohona kūlohelohe o Dalla hipa ka nahele me nā kuahiwi no kahi kiʻekiʻe o 650 a 2500 m ma mua o ka pae. He mea makemake nui lākou i ka nohona. Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā pūʻulu me kā lākou keiki a maikaʻi loa i nā hui like like. Ma waena o lākou, kokoke loa i loaʻa ʻole nā hakakā inā hoʻokaʻawale ka wāʻai a me ka meaʻai.
Noho ʻo Males i nā hui a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e moe ai i nā wā āpau i pale aku ai i ka pilina me nā wahine. Noho aliʻi nui ʻia kekahi mau kāne. No nā keiki āpau ka nui a me ka ikaika ikaika loa. Inā like ʻole ka nui o nā pepeiaohao, a laila e wehewehe ka pilina ma waena o nā moho no ke alakaʻi alakaʻi. Hoʻomoe nā rams i ko lākou mau poʻo i ka lepo a kolo i nā pū me ka lōʻihi mai 10-12 m.
Mahalo i nā ʻūhā ikaika, ʻaʻole ʻeha loa nā hōʻeha, a hiki ke hoʻokūkū nā hoʻokūkū iā lākou iho i kekahi mau hola ma ka lālani me nā pōkole pōkole.
Hoʻohana ʻo Dalla hipa i ke kauwela ma nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole a me nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, a i ka hoʻoilo he mau polu me nā moss a me nā lichens i loaʻa mai lalo o ka hoʻoilo.
Naʻu
Ma nā wao nahele, e like me ke kānāwai. I nā taiga kahakai, ʻo kēia ka inoa o Manchurian, ma nā nahele Altai - maral, i ʻAmelika Huipūlani - wapiti. ʻAi ka ʻeleʻa i nā meaʻai kanu. Hoʻololi ka meaʻai i nā mea like ʻole: nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai, nā hua waina. Ka ʻai ʻoi manina, ahi, sedera. Ma muli o ka nele o nā minuke i loko o ke kino, makemake nui nā nalo e hoʻomoʻo i ka ʻāina, ka mea waiwai i ka paʻakai, ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokokoke ma ka paʻakai paʻakai kūikawā i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no lākou. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoikaika ʻia nā holoholona e ʻai kokoke i ke ao holoʻokoʻa e hoʻohui hou i kā lākou lako. I nā nohona kūlohelohe, ola ke kanaka i ka awelika a hiki i ka 20 mau makahiki, ma ka 5-6 makahiki o kona hiki ʻana i ka wā poperty. Hoʻomaka ka ʻike ʻoi i nā keiki ʻōpio i kahi makahiki i hoʻokahi makahiki.
E like me nā artiodactyls āpau, nui ka ʻulaʻulaʻula i hoʻopuni ʻia i ka noho pio ʻana. No nā poʻe o ka ʻū mamao mamao, ʻo ke kanaka ʻulaʻula ke kumu o ke ola. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau o kēia holoholona holoholona. Hōʻoluʻolu ka ʻiʻo Deer, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā parasites ma muli o ka ʻai kolo ʻaʻole ʻai i ka kalrion a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Venison i ka mākeke Lūkia mai ka Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Hoʻoulu ka ulu o nā pū i ka awelika a hiki i 12 mau makahiki, a laila ua ʻelemakule, nui ka nui o nā ʻōpala, nāwaliwali nā pu.
He mea nui nui nā pepeia keiki ʻōpiopio (antlers) i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ke kupaianaha mau ʻia nā Altai no nā pepeiaohao no nā makahiki he nui. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia nā ʻōpala mai ka ola ola, i ka wā e ʻike ai i nā pu. Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai wai-wai ʻona a nā mea lawakaʻa maral i ke ʻano he tonic, a hana ʻia ia nā mākaukau ma ke kumu.
Kakauolelo
ʻAno i ka kolamu - kahi mea hoʻonani o nā genus i nā mea ulana a me nā trochees. Hoʻohālikelike nā kolamu i nā minks. A ʻaʻole lapuwale: ma o kā lākou mau helehelena pili a kokoke loa lākou i nā mink European. He holoholona liʻiliʻi kēia: ʻo ka nui o ia ka nui o 30 cm (mai ka ihu a hiki i ke kumu o ka huelo). He ʻili maikaʻi maikaʻi ke kolamu: ʻo ka lōʻihi (ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o ke kino) a like me ka fluffy a like me kahi marten. Hoʻohana nui ia ma nā kiʻī liʻiliʻi, nā baki, nā mea maʻamau i ka hares a me nā manu. ʻAʻole e hoʻowahāwahā i nā kolamu a me nā mea inikini, palaka, iʻa. Holo nui ia i ka pō a i ka lā kakahiaka. ʻO ka "mea hoʻokūkū" ʻo ka kolamu ka sable, e hoʻāʻo pinepine e hoʻokuke i ka kolamu mai nā wahi i koho ʻia.
Kahua maʻamau
ʻO ka beaver maʻamau, a i ʻole he beaver wai, ʻo ia ka nui o nā rodents o ka Honua Mamua, ʻo kona paona he 30 kg. ʻO ke kino he squat, ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 m ka lōʻihi, 35 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, hulahū a hiki i 30 cm, he helehelena o ka oar. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻAʻohe huluhulu ma ka huelo, akā aia nā paleʻi a me nā māla nui. ʻO nā peʻelima pōkole ʻelima mau manamana lima, hind nā wāwae me nā membrane. ʻAno nui nā kiki, ʻaunu, a me ka lua o ka wāwae ʻākau me kahi puʻupuʻu kūpiko. He ʻano o ka pīpī me ka mea e hoʻokuʻi ai ka mākaʻi i kona hulu. He maemae loa ia.
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino o ka beaver no ka diving: nā maka me nā membrane pale blink, e hele ana, i ka wā e kālo ai, e pani a pale i nā maka o nā hōʻeha. Hoʻopili pū ʻia nā ihu a me nā pepeiao. Ma nā lehelehe o ka beaver he mau pōkō kūikawā e pili kokoke ana i ka wai a ʻaʻole i waiho i ka wai i waena, a 2 mau nā niho nāʻe. Me kēia mau niho hiki iā ia ke kahili i lalo o ka wai.
ʻO nā Beavers ka hulu maloʻo a me ka lōʻihi, kahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i kahi kala me ka undercoat ʻaʻole maloʻo e maloʻo. ʻEleʻele ka paws a me kahi huelo. ʻO ka huluhulu momona a me kahi pā o nā momona subcutaneous e hoʻomoʻa i ka wela i loko o ka wai aniani. Ma lalo o ka wai e hiki ke mau minuke 10-15 mau minuke, a kau e holo ai i kēia manawa a hiki i 700 m.
Noho ka poʻe Beavers ma nā nahele ulu o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, i nā lua pōi i ʻeli ʻia ma nā kapa o nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā loko ʻaʻole i hoka ʻia i ka hoʻoilo. Inā akahai ke kahakai a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻeli ʻia ka lua, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi māka a puʻupuʻu mai ka ʻōpala o kahi palaʻa, ua paʻa nā pā me ka silt a i ka pālolo paha.
Noho nā Beavers ma nā ʻohana a i ʻole hoʻokahi. ʻO nā ʻohana ma kahi 2 makua a me nā beaver o nā keiki hope 2. Mate ma ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela 2-4, kahi 6 o nā beavers ākea ke ʻano he 6, ua uhi ʻia me nā hulu hipa. Ma hope o 2 mau lā, ua ʻauʻau nā pēpē hou, a ma hope o 20 mau lā e loaʻa iā lākou ka meaʻai. Hele lāua i ka male i ke keiki he 2 mau makahiki, a laila haʻalele lākou i ka lua o ka makuakāne a me ka makuahine. Noho nā Beavers ma kahi o 10-17 mau makahiki, a ma ka hoʻopio - a hiki i 35 makahiki.
Muskrat
Noho ʻo ia i nā kahawai wai kahawai (nā muliwai, nā loko, nā loko, nā ʻapu), i koho i nā wahi waiwai i nā mea kanu. E akahele ka holoholona, akā e ikaika loa, hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike ma ke kakahiaka.
ʻO ka mea nui ka meaʻai a me nā mea kanu terrestrial (sedge, reeds, reeds, horsetail). Hiki iā ia ke hopu i ka baki, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka palaoa. ʻIke maikaʻi nā holoholona i ka ʻoʻauʻau a kai, a ʻaʻohe hoʻi o ka ea i lalo o ka wai a hiki ke 18 mau minuke.
ʻO ka huelo o ka holoholona e hana me he rudder, nā wāwae hind i pana i loko o ka wai. Ma ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole lākou he nimble. ʻO Muskrat kahi mea hana akamai o nā lua a me nā halelewa. Hiki ke kuʻi ʻia nā honu i ka wai i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mita a loaʻa kahi ʻano conical. Ua kūkulu ʻia lākou mai nā kumu o nā mea kanu aku, a ke komo ʻana i ka "hale kiaʻi" ma lalo o ka wai.
Kūkulu nā pōkā i nā piliona kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i 10 mau mika lōʻihi, aia nā keʻena kia manu ma luna o ka wai o ka papahele i ʻelua papahele. Ma nā labyrinths paʻakikī aia kahi pantry, nā keʻena ʻohana no ka hoʻomaha a me ka hiamoe, a me nā wahi hoʻomaha. Aia ka komo ʻana o nā pale i lalo o ka wai.
He nui nā enemi ko ka muskrat, he alopeke, coyotes, minks, raccoons, pikes a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui wale. Hoʻōla ʻia nā Muskrats mai nā mea wānana ma ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ka wai, a peʻe paha i loko o ka lua. I kahi kūlana hopohopo, pale lākou iā lākou iho i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu a me nā niho. Noho lākou i kahi ʻohana ʻohana, i.e. makua a me kā lākou poʻe keiki. He ʻāina pākahi kēlā me kēia ʻohana, kahi hōʻailona o nā kāne kāne, e kipaku aku ai i nā malihini.
Hoʻāluulu ka wahine i nā hua mai ʻelua (mau hona noho hema) a ʻekolu a ʻehā paha (ʻĀlau maʻa ʻokoʻa) i hoʻokahi makahiki. Hānau ʻia ka ʻōpū e like me hoʻokahi mahina, ua hānau a makapō a kokoke i kahi ʻāpana makene, ʻo ke kaumaha o hoʻokahi pēpē he 20 gr. ʻO ka pinepine pinepine ma nā litter i laila he 7 a 8 paha.
Kiwi ʻelele
ʻO kekahi mea ʻelele o nā deer-like artiodactyls. Noho ka ʻelele Musk ma ka Far Eastern taiga. E makemake nui ia i nā taiga coniferousʻeleʻele, me nā kālai pōhaku, nā alakaʻi o nā pali o waho. Holo holo maikaʻi ʻo ia a lele maikaʻi loa. Hiki iā ia ke kūpili, me ka lohi ʻole, e hoʻololi i ke ala o ka huakaʻi e 90 °. ʻO ka holo ʻana mai ka mea hahai, ʻo ka musk aihue, e like me ka hare, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ala. Aia ia i nā pono ahi, nā lāʻau kedera, nā lichens, a me nā mea kanu ʻole. ʻO ka mea kanu kai ʻōiwi. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili i ka meaʻai, hiki i ka musk deer ke piʻi i kahi ʻalaki ulu lūlū a peke paha mai ka lālā a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3-4 m. ʻO nā ʻeke Musk he nui nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe.Ma ka ʻāina mamao, ʻo kona ʻenemi nui ka Kharza, ka mea ʻoki i ka ʻohana musk e nā ʻohana. Hoʻohana pinepine ka lynx i kahi kiʻi musk e hānai, ʻo ka wīlio a me ka alualu ʻalope. ʻO ko lākou ola hānai he 4 - 5 mau makahiki ma ke kūlohelohe a hiki i ka 10 - 14 i ka noho pio ʻana.
Aia ma ka ʻōpū o kahi mele musk a kāne i loaʻa i kahi ʻōkiha musky, i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka mānoanoa hohonu, a me ka hiʻona. Hoʻokahi ke kelepona o kahi kāne pākahi i nā 10 - 20 g o musk kūlohelohe - ʻoi loa ka huahana holoholona koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka paʻakikī kumu pilikino o musk ka mea paʻakikī loa: nā momona momona, nā wili, nā mea momona a me nā mea hoʻohui steroid, nā esters cholesterol. ʻO ka mea lawe nui o ka ʻona musk ma ka ketone ketone macrocyclic. Lawe ʻia nā mea muskus i ka ʻikepili e pili ana i nā makahiki a me ke ʻano o ke kāne a hiki ke kiʻi i ka estrus i nā wahine.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Musk i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma kēia manawa. Ma Kina, ʻo ia kahi mahele o nā 200 preseta no nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hōʻike i India me ka musk i ka hopena hōʻeuʻeu ma ka puʻuwai a me nā ʻōnaehana nūnū o ke kikowaena, a maikaʻi pū kekahi i ka anti-inflammatory. MaʻEulopa, musk ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau ʻaʻole ia e kūleʻa nui, akā ma laila ua ʻike lākou i kahi noi hou: ma ka hana ʻoihana aila e like me ke fixative no nā mea ʻala.
Kāhea
E māhele ʻia ʻia i 4 subspecies. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ka mea maʻamau. Makemake nā ʻaha kanaka i nā ʻōpio, nā hoʻokū kokoke i nā loko wai. Mālama kekahi kalepa liʻiliʻi i ka ulu lāʻau. I nā nā nahele o ka taiga loaʻa nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi a me nā subspecies liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā luna o nā mea hope loa he 6-7 cm wale nō. ʻO kēia ka liʻiliʻi loa ma nā holoholona insectivorous ma Rusia.
Ma muli o ko lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, carnivores holoholona holoholona ʻaʻole hiki ke hana "march-throws" i ka ulu lāʻau. Hoʻopiha kēia i ka ʻimi no ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole hiki iā Shrews ke hana me ka ʻole o nā 4 hola. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka nui o nā makahiki o ka holoholona ma mua o 2 mau makahiki.
He ʻelima o lākou o ka wā keiki. Hiki paha i nā lūlū wahine ke lohi i ka hana ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻino. ʻAʻole pili kēia i ke olakino o ka hua. Hānau maikaʻi ʻia nā pēpē ma ka lā 18 a me 28 o ka lā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana.
Nā Wolverine
ʻO ka lua ʻelua i ka ʻohana marten. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka holoholona ma mua o kahi mika. I waho aʻe, he mea lewa ma waena o ka holoholona i waena o kahi badger nui a me kahi ʻīlio lōʻihi. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka wolverine wale nō, akā ʻaʻole ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. Maʻemaʻe ka lauoho a ʻaʻole kūpono i ka pā. ʻEleʻele ka kala o ka holoholona me nā kukui ʻulaʻula i nā ʻaoʻao a me ke poʻo.
ʻO ka inoa o ka holoholona Latin, i unuhi ʻia he "insatiable." Ua ʻai maoli ʻo Wolverine i nā mea āpau, e kau ana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e like me ka hare. Aia kekahi ʻohana o ka ʻohana Kunih e hopu ana i ka pahupaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka taiga. ʻAʻole ia i komo i ka waena a me nā pōkole ʻākau.
Hemo pu
ʻO kā Artiodactyl holoholona o ka ʻohana deer. ʻElua mau ʻano o ka dee ola e noho ai i nā ulula taiga: ʻEulopa, ka mea e hopu wale ana i ka ʻāina taiga, a ʻo Siberian roe wale nō. Hoʻokomo ka hona noho ma ka kiʻekiʻe a me ka manawa o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻūhā uhi. ʻO ka hohonu o ka hau hoʻoilo no ka ʻoi aku ʻo Siberian roe de 50 cm. ʻO ka ʻaee Siberian dee e pale aku i ka wahi e waiho ai ka hau ma kēia kiʻekiʻe a me ka 230-240 mau lā i hoʻokahi makahiki. E komo wale ʻo Rerela i ka taiga wale nō inā he pohō i loko o laila.
Hoʻonui ʻo ia e like me ka mea hānai i nā wahi o ka ululāʻau māla me ka nui o ke kumu lāʻau i hoʻopuni ʻia ai, a hoʻopuni ʻia e nā ʻōpala a me nā māla, a i ke kauwela (nā kauwela) i nā wahi nahele i nāʻu he nui. Loaʻa ʻia ia i nā uku uku, i nā ululāʻau, i nā māka nui a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe, i nā pali nui a me nā gullies. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Siberian, ʻEulopa ka ʻokiʻeleu wahine e hoʻokele a ʻaʻole hana i nā heluna nui mau manawa. Paʻu ia i nā mea kanu mea kanu i nā momona a me ka wai. ʻO nā puna ʻōpio (haʻahaʻa i nā fiber) nā punahele. ʻO nā wahi maloʻo a maloʻo nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha, nā mea kanu i loaʻa nā mea momona (saponin, alkaloids, nā loko a me nā glucosides) maʻamau pinepine ʻole i ʻai a ʻai pinepine.
No ka uku ʻana i ka nele o nā minerala, ʻike ka lehelehe ʻōiwi i ka wai paʻakai a i ʻole inu ka wai mai nā puna waiwai i nā paʻakai mineral.
Puaʻi manu nui
Noho ka hapanui o ka puaʻa ma nā wahi mahana a loaʻa hou ma nā subtropics a me nā ʻaluna. Akā hiki nō hoʻi iā ia ke kapa i ka honua o nā holoholona holoholona o ka taiga. ʻO ka puaʻa manuahi ke kūpuna o kā mākou mau puaʻa holoholona, akā he holoholona ikaika ia, a ikaika loa. ʻO kahi hālāwai me ka puaʻa o ka taiga e uku ai kekahi i ke ola ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana. Hoʻoulu ia i nā nui i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino i kekahi kanaka, inā ʻaʻole hoʻopunipuni, e pili ana iā 4 mau mika. Ma ka Pūnaewele ua loaʻa nā kiʻi kiʻi o nā mea lawaiʻa me nā puaʻa nunui. Akā ma ka awelika, ʻoi aku ka puaʻa hihiu ma kahi o 175-200 kg, ka lōʻihi o ke kino 1,5 - 2 mau mika.
He ʻāwaha nui nā kule. A hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo me ka makemake e makemake ai kēia mea ʻai nui i ka ʻai holoʻokoʻa. Mālama nui ia i nā mea kanu mea kanu, akā ʻai i nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻakau. Makemake nā pua ʻalaʻala i ka wahi waiwai i loko o nā ehadahi, nā kōnaa. Makemake lākou i ka flounder i loko o kēia mau puddles, e hūnā ana i ka lapalapa (puaʻa). Haki ka holoholona hihiu, lele holo, holo maikaʻi. Hoʻopuka maikaʻi ka hoʻolohe a me ka ʻono; maikaʻi ʻole ka ʻike. E makaʻala loa nā ʻolua hihiu, akā ʻaʻole palupalu: huhū, hōʻeha, a mālama pū paha i nā ʻili, ikaika nui lākou a pōʻino no ka ikaika loa a me nāʻuʻuku nui. Hiki iā lākou ke kipa i nā mahina o ka ʻuala, ka ʻōpala, nā huʻu, ka mea e hōʻino ai i ka mahiʻai, ʻo ke kāʻili ʻana a me ka hehi ʻana i nā mea kanu. Hoʻomaʻi pinepine lākou i nā lāʻau ʻōpio. Lele loa loa ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā holoholona hihiu he nui nā holoholona he nui, maʻi a he ʻeha paha, no ka lāleʻa heihei, ʻoi ʻoi ka manu, ʻoi aku ka leʻaleʻa, make a ʻai lākou.
Hoʻolaha lele
Kūkulu nā mokumana lele i nā ʻohana squirrel, kahi subfamily o nā rodents. Ke noho nei kahi pūkuniahi lele maʻamau ma nā ululāʻau o Lūkia. No nā genus Asian (Eurasian) mau pūkuniahi e lele ana, e hui pū ana i ʻelua mau iwi - ka manu lele lele maʻamau a me nā Kepani he manu liʻiliʻi e lele ana. A kapa ʻia kēlā lāʻau lele lele e kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "squirrel lele". ʻAno ke ʻano kino like ʻole i ka holoholona ʻaʻole e lele wale mai kahi lāʻau i kekahi, akā e hana pū ai i nā hana acrobatic paʻakikī: e hoʻolālā, hana i nā ʻano manuā a me nā aerobatic i ka lewa, i kekahi manawa e mokulele i ka wahi like mai kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻomaka.
Ke ʻano like nei ke lele ʻana, me ka iwi ʻili a me ke kāwili. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka holoholona mai 12 a 23 cm paha, ke kaupaona - aneane 170 g. Ma ke poʻo ākea ua poʻo pōkole he mau pepeiao pōkole ʻole ia he tassels a me nā maka ʻeleʻele nui. ʻO ka hulukulu silky ākea i ka piko o ke kino he kālā-hina, pinepine me ka tinge brown, keʻokeʻo me ka melemele ma ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka mea nui e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi puʻu lele i lele mai kahi poloka, ʻo ia ka hele ʻana o kahi membrane kiri i loaʻa ma waena o ka hind a me forelimbs, kahi e hoʻolako ai i ka hoʻolālā i ka wā o ka huakaʻi. I ka wā o ka lele ʻana, i ka wā e wehe ai ka ukali i kona mau wāwae, ke paʻa nei kēia mehameha, ka ʻāʻī ʻana a me ke kūlana o nā wāwae mua e kuhikuhi i ke ala o ka lele. Hoʻohana ʻia ka huelo e hoʻomau i ka lele a hana i ka wā ʻo ka wī a kau ka luna ma kahi lāʻau.
ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā mea lele lele e kāwili ʻia ana me nā ululāʻau poʻohiwi, emi iki ka mea maʻamau. ʻO ka hapa nui ke alualu nei i ka nohona nocturnal a me ka twilight. Ke hoʻoikaika nei nā pahu puʻu lele i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e kau wale ana ma nā lā hau i ko lākou hatch i ka pūnana, ʻai ʻana i nā lāʻau i mākaukau no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola ma nā lāʻau, ʻaʻole panolo i ka lepo. Kūkulu ʻia nā mau hale i nā hollows i mākaukau ʻia mai ke waiho ʻana i nā lāʻau lāʻau, nā pelie a me nā koena. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kekahi mau manawa e noho nei nā lele squirrels i birdhouse. Ua uhi ʻia nā nests me nā moss, ka maloʻo maloʻo, lichen. ʻAʻole pīpī nā poʻe lele lele e lele ai, pinepine pinepine nā kānaka ʻelua e noho i loko o kahi pūnana. ʻO ke ala, ʻimi lākou i ka ʻai. Hoʻopuka nā puʻu manu i nā meaʻai o nā mea kanu - nā hua, nā ʻokiʻoki, nā kuʻekuʻe pana, nā huaʻai, nā hua iʻa. ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā pahu momona o ka birch a me nā alder, ka mea i hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia i loko o ka hoka, e hana ana i nā mālama no ka hoʻoilo. I hoʻokahi makahiki, ua loaʻa i ka wahine ʻo 2 a mau leʻa a me nā ʻōpio mau maka i ka lā 50th e hiki ke hoʻolālā a lilo kūʻokoʻa. He nui nā manu haole nui, nā marten, nā sable. ʻO ke ola he ola ma kahi o 5 mau makahiki, i loko o nā pio pio he ola ʻelua e like me ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka wolf kahi holoholona makemake nui loa o ka taiga i nā poʻe he nui. Nui nā poʻe e makemake e kau i nā kiʻi lika ma kā lākou mau avatars a hoʻopili wale i nā ʻīlio lili me ka mea nani, e hāʻawi i nā mea lika a me ka mana kupaianaha. Akā ʻo kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua mamao loa nā ʻīlio me ka keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo e like me ka poʻe e ʻike iā lākou. ʻAʻohe mau ʻōlio lone maʻamau, ʻaʻole maʻamau, nui loa nā ʻōpua. ʻO nā wolves nā holoholona holoholona, hōʻuluʻulu lākou i nā ʻikena a ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia no nā kaukani he mau makahiki. I loko o nā pua o nā ʻīlio hihiu, maʻalahi maʻalahi ke ola, e kiʻi i ka meaʻai i loko o ke anuanu o ka taiga, ʻaʻole i ka helu ʻia kekahi. Loaʻa nā ʻīlio liona, a ʻoi aku paha nā ʻohana o nā ʻīlio hihiu, i nā wahi i loaʻa ai ka nui o ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole pono ke hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻohana. Akā ʻo ka hapa pinepine o ka wolf e noho ai i kahi pōpū. ʻAʻole he hanohano o kēia ma aneʻi. ʻO kahi ʻohana he kaiāulu paʻa kūlike me ka hierarchy ponoʻī. Aia kahi alakaʻi e hoʻokau pono ai nā kānaka ʻē aʻe, aia nā ʻīlio waena a me nā haʻahaʻa - e puka mai ana i waho. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoka ʻia kēlā mau ʻōrima, akā hana ʻino ʻia lākou, akā ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kaila holo ʻana i loko o kahi pā, i ka lewa wale nō.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he mea weliweli loa nā ʻolio e like me ke kapa nani, akā, ʻaʻohe mea hanohano i loko o lākou. Holo wale lākou i ka waiwai i loko o kahi ʻohana, no laila ʻaʻole weliweli ka ʻulepeke hoʻokahi. ʻO nā pōpoki he mau pōpilikia i ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka manawa pinepine ka hoʻoilo i ko lākou hōʻeha ʻana i nā poʻe a i ʻole holoholona ma nā kauhale. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa nā ʻīlio kūloko.
Siberian chipmunk
Noho ʻo Chipmunks i loko o nā ululāʻau kai. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau cedar cones. Hoʻokomo ka Chipmunk i nā ʻala a me nā hollow, nā kumulā maʻa mau i lalo o nā aʻa lāʻau. A pehea kahi maloʻo nui loa, nā ʻumi ʻana o nā mahina ʻehiku mau mahina! I ka pūnāwai, holo ka holoholona i kolo i ka lā ākea. I kēia manawa, maikaʻi loa kona mau lako. Ke ʻoluʻolu loa ia, e lawe mai ka wahine mai ʻehā a hiki i ʻeono paha chipmunks! Ke ulu ulu a wikiwiki a i kahi mahina e waiho mau i ko lākou home makua a mau loa.
He lālā hoʻohālikelike ʻo Lynx holoholona hihiu. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui o kahi ʻīlio nui: i ka nāhelehe ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ʻo ia ma kahi o 70 cm, ʻo ka paona awelika he 18-25 kg.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona e nā ʻenehana lōʻihi i nā pepeiao a me "whiskers", maʻalahi ke hiki ke hilahila iā ia me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka huluhulu ka maloʻo loa loa a i waena o nā pōpoki a pau, akā inā naʻe, holoholona holoholona pono ke hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka hau i ka pōkole.
E like me nā pōkoki a pau, he hopu ia. ʻAʻole i lohi ʻo Lynx i kāna mea pio mai luna mai, a no kekahi manawa lōʻihi ke noho nei ma kahi hoʻohālua a kali i ka manawa kūpono.
Me nā pīhoihoi lōʻihi, e hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia i ka mea ʻoki a ʻāʻī i loko o ka ʻāʻī. Hiki i ka holoholona ʻeha a hōʻeha ʻole i ka huki ʻana i ka mea lawaiʻa e lōʻihi ana, akā ʻaʻole ka lynx i ka hoʻi hou ʻana, me ka ʻike he pau ka mana o kāna mea ʻāpono.
Hohana mua ʻo Lynx i ka hares, a hāʻawi ʻia hoʻi kāna kīpaha i kahi kahe e noho ai, kahi hapalua, roe deer, kāʻei, nā ʻōpio a me nā elks. Loaʻa ia me ka nele o ka meaʻai, e hoʻouka ai i nā ʻīlio a me nā pōpoki.
ʻO ke ʻano o kēia pēpē nui, ʻaʻole ia no kona mau helehelena wale nō, akā no kona ʻano. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ʻae i nā ʻalopeke e makemake ana e ʻaihue i kāna mea hopu. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻi no kēia - ʻo ka lynx ka mea e pepehi ai i ka poʻe ʻaihue, ʻaʻole naʻe e ʻai, akā haʻalele ka poʻe i kahi ʻē aʻe.
Fox
ʻO ka holoholona nui hoʻopunipuni o ka taiga. ʻAʻole no kekahi mea i waena o ka poʻe, ua hoʻokūkū ʻia kēia ʻano manaʻo "- he hana maalea e like me ka ʻalopeke". He mea hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ia: i ka holoholona hihiu me kēlā ʻulaʻula māmā e kiʻi i ka ʻai no ia iho, pono wale nō i ka maʻa a maʻiʻole. ʻO ka ʻōlelo alopeke ka mea i lohe maikaʻi ʻia, me ke kōkua o kona mau pepeiao i kona ʻike ʻana ua hūnā ʻo ia i kāna mea i ʻike ʻia ma kahi kokoke. I ka hoʻoilo, ke lohe nei ke ʻalopeke i nā kiʻī i hoʻoheʻe ʻia ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo. Hōʻea i nā mea pepeiao maikaʻi loa i kāna mau pepeiao. Ma lalo o kahi papa o ka hau kaʻe o ka hau, ua hākū ka ʻalopona i kāna mea ʻimi, a kahe i loko o ia mea - a hopu i ka rodent coveted. No laila, makemake ka ʻalopeke e noho hou ma nā wahi ākea, nā papu, nā awāwa ma mua o nā ululāʻau. Ma ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela, ma kahi ākea, he mea maʻalahi loa ka fox e loaʻa ai nā meaʻai ma loko o nā ululāʻauʻu. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻokoʻa nā alopeke, ʻaʻole lākou e hele i kēlā me kēia wahi. No ke aha e hele ai ma kahi inā loaʻa nā māka i nā wahi āpau!
ʻO ka holoholona mea he manu, he mea makemake ia noho i nā lua. Eia kekahi, ʻ elua nā lua paha i ia mea a hoʻohana paha i nā malihini. Ma mua o ka hele ʻana e hiamoe, e nānā pono i nā mea āpau ma ka wahi, a laila e moe i lalo a hoʻolohe i nā ʻano ʻehā. Ma muli o ka manaʻo nui o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai nui no nā alopeke, he koʻikoʻi ka ʻalopona i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o nā rodents. Hoʻopilikia ka Rodents i ka wā e ʻai ai i ka palaoa Akā i kekahi manawa e ulu ka nui o nā alopeke e nui. A laila hoʻomaka ka ʻalopoli e hele mai i nā kauhale kokoke, nā kūlanakauhale. E haehae i nā ʻōpala uwahi, piʻi i nā pūnaewele. Makemake lākou e hoʻokokoke i nā wahi o nā kahua hoʻokipa.
Pūnaewele
ʻO ka maʻa Hazel kahi manu mai ka grouse genus, the black grouse subfamily, the family of pheasant order of chicken-like. ʻO kahi ʻano ākea e noho kokoke kokoke ana i nā wahi āpau ma ka ululāʻau a me kahi palena o taiga o Eurasia, mai ke Komohana Komohana a hiki i Korea. ʻO ka lāpana kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka mākeke. ʻO ka paona o nā mea nui loa ka liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ma mua o 500 gram. Ma ka ululāʻau, paʻakikī ke hoʻopilahila iā ia me nā manu ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe, mai ka mea i ʻokoʻa ʻole ia i ka mea liʻiliʻi wale nō, akā i ke kala ʻono ʻole. ʻOiai ke ʻano kala, ʻo ka "pockmarked" plumage (kahi i loaʻa ai i ka inoa ʻo Rūmania), a mai kahi lōʻihi loa, ke kīleʻaha hazel, ka ulaula. ʻO ka dimorphism ka moe hewa i ke kīkē hazel e hōʻike iki ʻia ma mua o kahi kahe ʻē aʻe - he paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o kahi kāne a me kahi wahine i ke ʻano. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i like me kahi keke kaʻa ʻē aʻe, ka māka pōkole he manu monogamous.
ʻO ke kumu ola o ke kīkaha hazel ua aʻo ʻia piha. He manu kēia i hoʻopiha ʻia, ʻaʻohe hana lōʻihi i nā neʻe. ʻO ke kākela Hazel, e like me nā kākāka āpau, ʻo ia ka mea hānai nui, ʻoiai ke kauwela, noho nui ka mea hānai holoholona i kahi koʻikoʻi i kāna meaʻai, akā nui ka ʻai manu i nā pepeke. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻohemo ʻia ke kīleʻe pōpoki me kahi mea ʻona me nā mea kanu a maikaʻi ʻole. I mua o ka uhi o ka hoʻoilo, lele ka puʻu hazel i ka hau i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻopau ka pō a me nā lā anu i ʻoi loa o ka lā i loko. Hāʻawi kekahi i kekahi mau pale i ka poʻe neʻe mai, kahi ʻeha nui a hōʻili ʻia kahi hōʻili i loko o ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela.
ʻOiai ʻo ka emi ʻana o ka poʻe o ka honua a me ka hoʻohaʻ manawa maʻamau ʻana i ka nui o nā lehulehu o ka lehulehu, ua nui ka māka pōpilikia a i ʻole ka hopohopo a hoʻopau ʻia. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka hona honua, e helu ana ʻo 40 miliona mau manu, hāʻule i Lūkia. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, he ʻokoʻa nā subspecies o ka māka hazel e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, he mea ʻokoʻa iki ia mai ka mea i koho ʻia.
ʻAoʻolelo
ʻO ka badger he holoholona o ka taiga kūkulu hema, ʻaʻole ia ma ka ulu ʻākau. Hoʻopili ia i nā wahi maloʻo, akā kokoke i nā mea kanu, nā wahi haʻahaʻa, kahi e hoʻonui ai ka meaʻai. Noho ka badger ma nā puʻu hohonu, e ʻā ana i ke kahawai o nā puʻu one, nā māka wao nahele a me nā kuʻi wai. Nā holoholona mai kēlā hanauna a kēia hanauna i kā lākou punahele. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā haʻawina geochronological kūikawā, aia kekahi mau kūlanakauhale ʻoi loa i nā tausani he ʻumi mau makahiki. Hoʻohana ka poʻe hoʻokahi i nā pōkole maʻalahi, me kahi puka a me kahi keʻena. ʻO nā pā hale maikaʻi i ka pā hale ʻōpiopio ka hū me ka nui o nā kahe ma lalo o ka hale me ka nui (a hiki i ke 40-50) ka puka wai a me ka wehe ʻana o ka pilina a me nā kaila lōʻihi (5-10 m) i alakaʻi ʻia i nā lumi ākea ākea e pili ana i nā ʻōpala maloʻo kahi i ka hohonu a hiki i 5 m . ^ E Ha yM.
Hana ʻia ka hana hewa ʻole i ka pō. He ʻōpiopio ʻo ia, akā makemake nā mea kanu mea kanu. ʻAʻole ka badger i ka pāpā i ka poʻe minamina a me nā kānaka, makemake ʻo ia e haʻalele aku a mālama i loko o kahi lua a i ʻole i nā wahi ʻē aʻe, akā inā loaʻa iā ia, huhū ʻo ia i kona ihu a pilu i ka mea lawehala, a laila holo.Hoʻomaʻo ia i nā koina, a me nā baki, nā rīpika, nā manu, a me nā hua o lākou, nā anuanu a me kā lākou pili, nā mollusks, nā ʻōpala, nā huahe, nā hua lipo, nā hua a me ka mauʻu. I ka wā o ka hopuʻana, pono i ka mea hewa ke hele i nā wahi nui, e hōʻuluʻulu i nā lāʻau i hāʻule, ka ʻalā ʻana i ka ʻoka o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā ʻalā i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pōpoki a me nā pepeke. Eia naʻe naʻe, ʻai ʻo ia i ka 0.5 kg o ka meaʻai i ka lā wale nō, a ma o ka hāʻule wale nō e ʻai nui ai a hānai i ka momona, kahi mea e mālama ai i ka meaʻai i ka wā hoʻoilo hiamoe.
Marten
He marten ka marten no ka ʻohana nui o marten. He wahi hilo a me ka hiʻona nui, hiki iā ia ke pale aku i nā ʻano ākea me ka leʻaleʻa, piʻi i ke kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe a piʻi i nā hehi lāʻau e alualu ai i ka waiwai. ʻO ka marten holoholona no nā holoholona hulu manu hulu a loaʻa iā ia ka hulu nani mai ka nū ʻeleʻele a i kahi brownish-yellow hues..
ʻO ke kumukānāwai o ka marten pili pono i kāna mau ʻano: hiki i kēia holoholona ke neʻe wale i ka lulu a spasmodically (i ka manawa e holo ai). ʻO ke kino kūpono o ka marten e like me ka puna elastic, ka mea e hoʻolilo ai i ka holoholona hihiu lele ai no kahi manawa iki i loko o nā kīhā o nā conifers. E makemake nui ka marten e noho i waena o nā ka nahele waena. Piʻi ʻo clely i nā kumulāʻau, clambering a pololei ʻoiʻoki i hiki iā ia ke hana i nā piʻikii maikaʻi loa.
Ke alakaʻi nei ka pine marten i kahi lā maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻimi manu ma ka ʻāina a hoʻolilo i ka manawa nui o nā manawa ma nā lāʻau. Hoʻonohonoho ka marten i nā hale i loko o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau a hiki i 16 mau kiʻekiʻe a pololei paha i ko lākou lei. ʻAʻole pale wale ka marten i kahi kanaka, akā lurks mai ia mea. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ia i kahi ola paʻa, me ka ʻole o ka loli ʻana i kona mau wahi punahele punahele, ʻoiai me ka hapa ʻole o ka hānai. Akā i kekahi manawa, hiki iā ia ke hele no ka protein o ka hana i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka neʻe o ka hele ʻana ma ka lōʻihi lōʻihi.
Me kona ala e ola ai, pili ka marten me ka ululāʻau. ʻIke ʻia ia ma nā ʻāina ulu nui kahi e ulu ai nā lāʻau like ʻole, akā makemake ʻo ia e hoʻoulu a me nā kumu a me nā mea kanu lāʻau a me nā mea kanu koniferous. Ma nā ʻāina ʻākau, he spruce-fir, ma ka hema - spruce-deciduous, ma Caucasus māhele - fir-beech forest.
Altai mole
Noho ka ʻāina o ka mola Altai i kahi ākea o Western and Central Siberia. E hele ana kona mokuna komohana mai Semipalatinsk a i Barnaul, Novosibirsk, kahi e huli koke ai i ke komohana a aia ma ke komohana akau o Barabinsk.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hulu o ka moʻo Siberian lōʻihi a lōʻihi. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka huluhulu mai ka mālamalama alakaʻi a hina i ka ʻeleʻele me ka brown brown a i ʻole: brownish shade o nā ʻano saturations. Hōʻike ʻia ka hulu unworn e ka sika silky i wehewehe ʻia. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ventral ka mea iʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a iʻole ka opaque. Lanakilani melemele palu huei e ulu pinepine ʻia i ka ʻāʻī a me ka umauma. E like me nā moles ʻē aʻe, piha piha a ʻāpana albinos a me nā chromists i ʻike mau ʻia.
ʻO ke hiʻohiʻona, ma nā ʻōlelo maʻamau, ua like ia me kahi moʻo ʻ Europeanulopa, ʻokoʻa kēlā, akā, i ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu nui ʻana, ka muzzle ākea a me kahi ʻoi pōkole. ʻIke ʻia nā maka mai waho a i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia me nā aniani nā neʻe. He nui ka ʻōpala, nā lōʻihi a warts-basal ʻo 37.1 - 41.0 mm. ʻIke like ʻole angular, nui elongated, dilated ma loko o ka uaal a me ka uhi ʻia i loko o ka pahu o ka lolo.
Kāke
ʻO Sable kahi holoholona dexterous a ikaika i ka hulu manu momona, he ʻelele o ka ʻohana marten. ʻO kēia predator he kamaʻāina maʻamau o ka mauna a me ka ʻāina haʻahaʻa. E alakaʻi ana i kahi noho hoʻomaha maluhia i ka ʻāina i koho ʻia, i ka hihia, hiki ke neʻe i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pili pili pili o ka sable ka pine marten.
He ʻokoʻa ke waihoʻoluʻu o ke kala o ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana sable. I ka hoʻoilo, he māmā iki ke hulu, i ke kauwela - he mauʻele i kahi mauʻele. ʻOkoʻa ka kala i ka ʻulaʻula a i ka ʻeleʻele, ma ka umauma o nā holoholona aia kahi wahi ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka keʻena brown i nā wāwae o ka sable. I ka hoʻoilo, ua uhi ka huluhulu i nā paila a me nā ʻāpana o ka holoholona. He palupalu ka huluhulu o ka holoholona, mālie a mahana hoʻi, no laila he waiwai kūikawā.
ʻO nā hanana maʻamau o nā sables ka taiga o Eurasia. Kahi ʻia kēia mau holoholona mai nā mauna Ural a hiki i ke kahakai o ka Pākīpika. ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ka ʻāina kahi i noho ai nā sables no Rūsia. Eia nō kekahi, nā holoholona me nā hulu ʻala nui e loaʻa i ka ʻĀkau o Kina a me Mongolia, ma ka mokupuni o Iapana o Hokkaido, ma North Korea.
Hoʻololi nā mea kanu i nā wahi ma nā puʻu o nā pali a me nā hollows o nā kumulāʻau i hāʻule i lalo, e hoʻohana i nā haole ma lalo o nā aʻa. I loko o ka hale, e waiho nā sables me nā lau malo a i ʻole ka mauʻu, paʻa ka lua i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai ka lumi nui o ka pūnana nui, akā kokoke ka lawa.
ʻO nā poʻe Sables he dexterous a me nā wahi kūpono kūpono no kā lākou nui. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi papa ʻāina, ua ikaika lākou i ke ahiahi a i ke kakahiaka, akā hiki i ka ʻimi i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka lā. ʻOiai ke ʻoli nui nei ka pōlei i ka pō, hiamoe lākou i ka lā. Makemake lākou e hoʻoneʻe i nā holoholona me ka hulu manu ma ka ʻāina, i ka wai a i ʻole i nā lāʻau inā wale nō ka pōʻino.
I ka huli ʻana o ka meaʻai no ka lā, holo ka ʻanuʻu i nā 3-4 mau mile. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki i kēia mamao ke piʻi i 10 mau hola, i ka wā e koi ʻia ai ka holoholona e alakaʻi i kahi ola semi-nomadic e ʻimi ana i ka ʻai. I nā makahiki haʻalulu, a i ke kauwela, koi ʻia nā saples e holo i 10 a 20 mau kilomita e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai kūpono.
Pili ʻaeto
Ma lalo o ke kānāwai US, ʻo ka mea loaʻa me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hulu a i ʻole kekahi ʻāpana o ke kino o ka ʻaeto paʻu e uku ʻia i kahi uku nui. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pili kēia kānāwai i nā poʻe India e hoʻohana i nā hulu aeto e like me nā mea hoʻonaninani.
ʻO ka mea nui o ka ʻaeto ʻōpule he iʻa a me nā iʻa. Eia kekahi, e hele pinepine ʻo ia i ka wai wai.
ʻO ka maʻamau, e noho ana kahi ʻōlule bald e kokoke ana i ka wai ma kahi wahi kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka pōhaku a ʻimi loa no ka waiwai. Ke ʻike nei iā ia, lele koke ka manu i ka iʻa, hopu i ka iʻa me kāna mau koi a hoʻi hou i kahakai, kahi i kū mālie ai ka ʻai.
Inā loaʻa nā pōkole lōlō, e lawe pio ana i ka pūnana. Hoʻomaka pinepine ʻia ka hakakā me ka iʻa no ka manawa pōkole piha ka eeto ma lalo o ka wai. E mālama i ka ikaika, ʻehā mau ka manu i ka iʻa make. Eia kekahi, lawe ka manu huluhulu i ka ʻai mai nā manu ʻē aʻe, nā manu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia ke kumu i kūʻē ai ʻo Benjamin Franklin i kēia manaʻo e lilo i manu i mea e kiʻi ai i kiʻi kiʻi o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻOiai hiki ke ʻike i ka ʻoi loa ʻo ʻAmelika ma mua o ke kau ʻana i kāna hōʻailona!
I ka kenekulia XVIII, ka lilo ʻana o ka ʻaeto ʻōpoki i hōʻailona no ʻAmelika, aia ma kahi o 75 tausani o kēia mau manu. Akā i ka hopena o ka 1940 ua liʻiliʻi ka hapa o lākou ua kau ʻia i kānāwai e pale aku i kēia ʻaeto. ʻO nā mea hou aʻe i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hōʻemi o ka nui o nā aeto: ka haumia o nā wai wai, luku ʻia nā ʻukuna e nā poʻe mahiʻai a me nā lawaiʻa, no ka mea, ua hoʻouka pinepine ka manu i ka holoholona, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pesticide DDT, ka mea i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o ke kino o nā manu a alakaʻi i ko lākou nele ʻole.
Noho ʻo Orlan ma ke kahakai, nā ʻāina wai, ma kapa o nā kahawai a me nā loko, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke iʻa, ʻo ia ka ʻai nui. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā ʻaeto ma nā nahele ulu o Florida a me nā kumukūʻai he nui o kēia wahi. ʻO kahi i loaʻa ai nā ʻaeto he nui ʻo Alaska. Loaʻa ʻia kekahi poʻe kū hoʻokahi i nā makahiki ma nā wahi he nui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma ka maʻamau ʻo kēia mau ʻōpio ʻōpio e hele huakaʻi ʻana i mau tausani kilomita e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai.
ʻŌpala ʻeleʻele
ʻ woodnika a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole kekahi - nā māka nui loa o nā ʻohana kumulāʻau. Noho ka ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma loko o ʻEulopa a ʻo ke kūkulu hema loa paha. Ma Asia, ua lawe ʻia ma ka Caucasus, i Siberia a me Kamchatka, Sakhalin, ka Peninsula ʻAmelika a me Japan Kālana. No ka noho ʻana, koho ʻo ia i nā kalalā nui nui, pine, pua a me nā nahele kedera, i ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā ʻalā.
ʻO Zhelna e pili ana i nā manu nui, ʻo kona lōʻihi o ke kino e hiki ke 50 cm, o ke kaumaha he 300 gram. Ua kāʻei ʻia nā ʻēheu, ke poʻo nui, ke poʻo ʻāʻī. ʻO ka punukā manu nui ka nui o kahi beak-ʻano ākea, kahi o 55-65 mm ka lōʻihi, he melemele-ʻulaʻulaʻula ke kiko o ka beak. He ʻahuʻula ʻeleʻele ka hulu o ka manu, he kuao me ka aihue. He pāpale ʻulaʻula kāne ma ke poʻo o nā kāne i hana ʻia ma ka hulu, aia ma ka lae, ka nape a me ka lei o ke poʻo, e ʻokoʻa ai iā ia mai kahi wahine ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ke kumu o ke kōnuʻakai he melu a me kā lākou pili. Makemake i ka ʻai ʻana i nā pīpī, nā lumberjack, nā ʻōpala, keʻa. ʻAi pū kekahi i nā popo, nā kukuna a me nā ʻōiwi o ka horntail tail. E ʻai ana kahi mea kīkī uliuli mai ke 300 a 650 i nā ʻōpala o kahi sapwood birch i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻopau pū kekahi i nā hua coniferous, akā ma kahi liʻiliʻi.
E alakaʻi ana ka pehu manu kīhai i kahi noho kaʻawale, me ka ʻole o ka wā moe, ka mea e hoʻomaka ai i ka hoʻomaka o Malaki. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻalā o nā wahine i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā lāʻau a me ka hoʻōho nui ʻana. ʻO kahi leo kūmole ke kani e like me kahi guttural "kīwī ʻole-ʻole", hiki ke lohe ʻia ma kahi mamao. Hoʻopili kekahi mau manu i kahi kani noi i ke kanikau - "keee".
Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, noho pū nā manu i nā wahi mamao o ka nahele a kuʻi i kā lākou hollows e hana i kahi pā. ʻO ka manawa pinepine lākou makemake e noho i loko o kahi pāhele no kekahi mau makahiki i ka lālani. Akā inā noho ka pili i nā manu ʻē aʻe (mau manu ʻona a me nā mau pua i noho a i ka lua o ka lāʻau ʻeleʻele) a inā he nui wale nā lāʻau manu ʻole i ka nahele, a laila e pākīkī nā kāne i kahi lua hou.
Kahu ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo
ʻO ka ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo kahi hapa o ke ʻano o ka ʻohana maukaʻa ʻohana. Kūkulu ʻia ia i kahi ʻano e noho i ka ʻāina o ʻĀkau, Central a me ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ka nui o nā holoholona ma ka hema, ma USA a me Mexico. Ma ʻAmelika Hema, noho nā luna o nā ʻano ʻehā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka hale noho kahi keu ka ʻokoʻa: nā wao nahele, nā alahele, nā semi-deserto, a me nā mākeke. Hoʻopili kēia artiodactyl i nā wahi āpau i nā kūlana kūloko. Ma ke waenakonu o ke kenekulia hope, ua lawe ʻia nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻano i Scandinavia, kahi lākou i hoʻoponopono koke ai. I ka huakaʻi, i ka honua i kēia lā he 14 miliona o kēia mau holoholona aloha.
He ʻokoʻa nā laulā a hilinaʻi ma nā ʻāina o ka noho ʻana. Ka ʻākau, ʻo ka mea nui i nā holoholona. ʻO nā ʻelele o nā ʻano e noho ana ma Kanada a ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o USA ka paona ʻana o 60 a 130 kg. Kaupaona kekahi mau kāne i ka 155 kg. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi nā wahine i ka 90 kg. Ma ka hema, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui. ʻO ko lākou paona ma waena o 35 a 50 kg. ʻO ka paona awelika o ke kāne, he mau ʻāʻī paha nā ʻāina, ʻo 68 kg ka nui, a ma nā wahine i loaʻa kēia waiwai he 45 kg. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka maloʻo e pili ana i 55 a hiki i 120 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 95-220 cm. ʻO kona lōʻihi he 10-37 cm.
ʻIliʻula ka ʻili i loko o ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela. I ka hoʻoilo a ke hoʻoilo, hina-brown. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka ʻōpū, uaʻeleʻele ke kapa e like me ka lalo. ʻEleʻele ka huelo ma luna a he keʻokeʻo lalo. Ke holo ka holoholona, piʻi ʻo kona ʻili. I nā manawa pōʻino, he hōʻailona kēia no nā ʻohana. Loaʻa wale nā kāne. E hoʻolei iā lākou i ka hopena o ka lā mau momi. I kēia wahi, hoʻomaka nā puka hou i ulu. Ma kēlā me kēia o ka pepeiaohao he mau kaʻina.
Ke kiaʻi nei nā ʻelele o nā ʻano. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea i ka manawa mau ka lewa i hoʻopā mau i kēia mau holoholona a, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20, hoʻemi ka poʻe i ka liʻiliʻi. A laila lohi iki, akā, ʻaʻole i hiki i nā ʻāpana he miliona i hala. I ka holo ʻana, hiki i kahi keka hiki i ka wikiwiki o 75 km / h. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lele i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi he 10 mika, a ua kiʻekiʻe ko lākou kiʻekiʻe ma 2.7 mika.
Nā manu ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo kahi ʻai ʻai ʻokoʻa. ʻAi nā holoholona i nā lau, nā lau, nā ʻōpala, nā hua waina, nā huaʻai, nā hua kanu, nā hua. Hōʻike nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻōpū e ʻai i nā ʻalopeke a me nā ivy ʻawaʻawa. Kau ka mea ʻai i nā manawa o ke makahiki. I kekahi manawa, hiki i kēia mau artiodactyl ke ʻai i nā kiʻina, nā pipi, a me nā manu.
ʻĀwī wahine
He manu manu no ka nui, no ka ʻohana ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana manu, a hoʻomāhele ʻia i nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika Hema, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ʻAlulu wahine. Ua ʻike mua kēia ʻano ʻano a wehewehe ʻia i ka ʻāina ʻo Virginia, a no laila ua loaʻa ka inoa kūpono. Holoi kēia wahi i ka piha o ʻAmelika Hema a hiki i nā ʻāpana ʻāina i ka ʻākau.
Noho kēia mau manu i ʻAmelika Huipū, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema, ma ʻAmelika, Bolivia, a me Peru. ʻAʻohe mea ma ka Amazon a me ke kūkulu hema o ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ka hale maʻamau ka mea ʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia nā mea hoʻopunipuni, ka palupalu, hoʻohuihui, nā ʻalopau, nā palemona, nā wai paʻakai, nā wao nahele, nā wahi kuahiwi, nā ʻenekue, nā limu subarctic. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 3.3 mau mika ma luna o ke kai. Ma waho o ka manawa hana nui ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā wahi ākea, a i ka wahi lāʻau i ka wā hana. Loaʻa kēia ʻano holoholona i 10 subspecies.
Ma ka ʻohana, ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻāpana o nā ʻano he lua wale nō i ka poler owl i ka paona a me ka nui. He ʻano ke kino, ke nui kona poʻo, ua pālahalaha kona mau ʻēheu. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā maka a ua liʻiliʻi iki ma mua o nā maka kanaka. Hoʻopono maikaʻi ʻia lākou no ka hopu ʻana i ka pō a hāʻawi i kahi ʻano ʻoi kūleʻa. ʻAeʻulaʻula ke kala o ka ʻōpala.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 43-65 cm, ʻo nā ʻēheu he 91-153 cm, aʻo nā wahine ākea nui ma mua o nā kāne ma ka awelika o 15%. ʻO ka paona awelika o nā wahine he 1.6 kg, aʻo nā kāne ke kuhikuhi i ka hōʻailona ma 1.2 kg. ʻO ka huelo ua hiki i 17-25 cm ka lōʻihi loa nā wāwae a me nā ʻōpū. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae he 20 cm. Ua hūnā ʻia nā kuli pepeiao e nā hulu, aʻo ka ʻūhū hulu hema paha e ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua.
ʻO Weasel
ʻO Weasel - kahi holoholona iʻoi loa ka paʻakikī a kokohiki ke hana hewa i loko o nā home pilikino o ka heluna kanaka. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea kupanaha loa, ʻo kēia holoholona kahi weasel, Inā kahi o kahi ʻano i hāʻawi ʻia "ʻano" like i ia mau ʻano, he mea liʻiliʻi a maikaʻi loa - ʻo ka lōʻihi o kona kino e hele ai i ka lōʻihi o ka 16-18 kenimika wale nō.
He mānoʻī ʻaʻo Weasel a kino, dodgy, lōʻihi a ʻo ia ka mea liʻiliʻi o ke kauoha o nā poʻe wānana. I waho, he like like ka weasel i ka ermine, e like me ia me ka hoʻolālā o ke kino a me ke kala o ka huluhulu. ʻO nāʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka weasel a i ka hui pū ʻana o kona ʻoi ʻihi loa i ka ʻā o ka ermine (a hiki i 9 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻohe palaʻeleʻele). Aia i kona kahua ke mau kīhāpai kūikawā e hūnā ana i kahi mea huna me kahi mea hoʻowahāwahā ʻia.
He wā pōkole a he kupapa paha ke kaohi. ^ E Ha yM. Kau ʻia kona kala i ka wā pono. I ka hoʻoilo, he keʻokeʻo ke lau o ka weasel, a i ke kauwela he brownish ma waho o ka palau, ma ka huelo, ma nā ʻaoʻao, hope a ma luna hoʻi o ka poʻo - ʻo ka loko wale nō o ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū, ka umauma, nā kihi o ka lehelehe o luna a me ke aʻalā keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka like o ka hoʻonaninani o ka pulu hulu ʻoi mau - ʻelua i ke kauwela a i ka hoʻoilo, me ka ʻokoʻa wale nō ka mea i loko o ke kauwela ʻoi ka lauoho ua liʻiliʻi iki a me ka ʻīwī ma mua o ka hoʻoilo. I kekahi mau wahi hema, ʻaʻole e loli ka holoholona i ka waihoʻoluʻu i nā kala, ke koe mau nei ka brown.
Pahu pololei ʻo Weasel, holo a me nā ʻauʻau manu - no laila he holoholona nimble a dexterous. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka mea e wehe ai i kāna mau hana kūpono ʻole i ke kīpē, kahe koko i ka hoʻopuka ʻana a me ka wiwo ʻole, no laila ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo ia i ka pō ma kahi home kanaka, kahi ia e komo ai i ka ʻoihana ma loko o nā lua a me nā puʻu. Hoʻohana ʻo Weasel i nā manawa like ʻole o ka lā, akā ʻo ka maʻamau ka mea e huki ma ka pō a i ʻole ke kakahiaka.
Ka alakaʻi kuʻuna i ka nohona terrestrial. Ke neʻe nei i ka hopping mode. ʻO ke pīpī ʻana i ka ʻāina, makemake ʻo ia e pili pono i nā mea kanu a me nā uhi kūlohelohe a i ʻole a me nā uhi kūlohelohe. Ke hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e pale i kahi paʻa ʻole ʻia. I ka lā hoʻokahi, ua hiki ke weasel ke lanakila i hoʻokahi a i ʻelua mau kilomita paha. I ka hoʻoilo, ua neʻe ʻo ia i loko o nā lua i loko hau.
Ma muli o ko lākou ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, make pinepine nā mau manu i ka wā e wāwahi ʻia ai e nā holoholona nui, akā i ka manawa like i ka manawa pinepine lākou i ka lawelawe ʻana i ka ʻāʻī o kā lākou hoa kūwaha. I ka manawa o nā hakakā, hoʻokūkū nā kāne weasels i kahi screech nui.
Muskrat
ʻO ka desman he mammal o ka ʻohana mol. E pili ana i nā papa o nā iniseti. I ka wā ma mua - he mea hana o ka hopu ʻona. I kēia manawa, helu helu ʻia ka holoholona ma ka Red Book o Lūkia a aia ʻo ia nō ka pale. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i kēia ka wehewehe ʻana o ka holoholona manu.
ʻO Vykhuhol kahi līlū manuahi lūlū ma Russia. Ma mua, ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ʻEulopa i nā mokupuni Pelekane. Hoʻohui wale ka ʻenehana kūlohelohe kūhelu o muskrat i nā ʻōpala o ka Volga, Dnieper, Urals a me Don. Loaʻa nō hoʻi ia ma Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus a me Lithuania.
Hōʻike ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mea kau holoholona manu me kāna ʻano like ʻole. He holoholona koʻikoʻi kēia me ke kino o 18-22 cm ka lōʻihi, me kahi ʻāpana o kona lōʻihi a kaupaona a hiki i 520 g. ʻO ka huelo ma ke kumu kahi e like me ka mea e huki ʻia (ma laila ke kiko liʻiliʻi loa). Ma hope o ka lono (ʻo ke kolu o ka loa o ka lōʻihi o ka huelo) he lei kūpono ka poni. Aia nā kinipona momona, nā wai momona lea e puka mai ana ma loko o nā pūhaka he nui - aia lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao o kēia pohala. ʻO ka huelo ma hope o ka palalulu i hoʻomaopopo koke ʻia. ʻO ka wehe ʻana o ka ihu o ka desman ua paʻa e hoʻohana ana i kahi palupalu kūikawā i ka puka o ka ihu. Ua lōʻihi nā haʻalulu a nā holoholona, a ulu nā lauoho i manaʻo ʻia ma kona kino. ʻO ka desman he mau pōkole pōkole, 5-manamana wāwae, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wāwae hind a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke alo o mua. Hoʻohui ʻia nā manamana lima i nā kuku ma ke membrane. He lōʻihi nā kui, ua hoʻomōmaikaʻi ʻia a liʻiliʻi aʻe. Holo ka palena o ka lauoho paʻakikī ma nā kihi o nā wāwae wāwae, e hoʻonui ana i ka wai ʻauʻau o kēlā me kēia wāwae. ʻO ka hulu o ka desman ka huluhulu, maloʻo, kū lōʻihi. ʻAʻole hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā huluhulu huluhulu ma ka desman e like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe: hoʻonui lākou i luna a kau i ka lihi i ke aʻa. He ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ka kala o ke kua, ʻekaʻula a poni a ʻāhinahina paha ka ʻōpū.
ʻArikine
ʻO kahi ermine he holoholona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana marten. I waho, ke ʻano he marten: ʻo ke kino elongated like, nā wāwae pōkole a me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ermine i ka pepeiao liʻiliʻi e ʻike pono i nā holoholona e pili ana i ka Kunim. He mea hoʻopunipuni ka hiʻohiʻona o ka holoholona, akā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka ermine kahi mea hoʻoweliweli a wiwo ʻole a wiwo ʻole i ke koko. Inā ʻaʻohe ala ʻē aʻe ka holoholona, hiki ke hoʻouka paha i kahi kanaka. ʻO kāna hulu paha ka mea nui o ka nui o nā holoholona hulu. Hoʻopili wale ʻia ka ermine no ka hulu. Ke kūlohelohe nei, aia ma kahi o 26 subspecies o ermine, ʻokoʻa i ka ʻano o ka hulu manu a me ka nui o ka holoholona.
He holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻo ka ermine e like me kahi kumine i loko o ke ʻano o kona kino a me ke poʻo. Kūpono ka kino o ke kino a lōʻihi a me ke kūpaʻa, e like me ka alakaʻi o ka holoholona i kahi ala kelepona ākea a me ka hopu ʻana ma nā rodents. ʻO ka pokole nā pōkole, no laila ua kīnī ka ermine. Loaʻa nā kiki lōʻihi a me nā ʻōkihi nona e kōkua iā ia e neʻe i loko o nā kumulāʻau, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ikaika no ka eli ʻana i nā lua. Aia pū kekahi nā līlī manu ma nā wāwae o nā holoholona, i uhi ʻia me ka moss e ka hoʻoilo, e hoʻonui ana i ka ʻaoʻao o ka paena a hoʻomaʻemaʻe e holo ai ka holoholona i ka hau. Kahi maikaʻi ke poʻo me ka puʻupuʻu kuhikuhi, nā pōuli o ke pepeiao, e like me ka marten āpau, ka ihu a me nā maka nā ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā niho koʻikoʻi loa ka ermine, no ka mea he koʻokoʻo kāna meaʻai nui.
Hōʻī nui a hōʻeha kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi. Ke neʻe wikiwiki nei ʻo ia me kahi liʻiliʻi iki. Ke holo nei i ke kauwela wela, hiki i kahi ermine ke holo i kahi ʻumikumamālima mau hola i ka lā, a hiki i ʻekolu mau manawa i ka hoʻoilo. Ma ka uhi ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, lele ka holoholona i lalo a i ka hapalua paha ka lōʻihi, aʻo nā mea ʻaliki he mau wāwae hind. Ke hoʻokuʻi ʻo ia iā ia ma mua o ka poʻe i alualu iā ia.
He ʻenemi nō hoʻi ka ermine, eia: ʻulaʻula a hina hina, marten, sable, ilka, badger ʻAmelika, a me nā manu manuʻae. Aia nā hihia i loaʻa i kahi ermine e nā pōʻai home. Make me nā holoholona he nui i ka maʻi me ka nematode, kahi maʻi palupalu i lawe ʻia e nā shrews.
Hoʻopuka maʻamau
ʻO ka lōʻihi o kēia kahe a 35-50 cm. He mau ʻāpana like ʻole i nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole, akā aia kekahi ʻano like ʻole no nā vipers āpau: he zigzag pōʻele ma ke kua, mai ka kua o ke poʻo a ka hopena o ka huelo, aia ka mea i hui ʻia ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao e ka lā kaawale lōʻihi o ka pōʻeleʻele. Hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo e pili ana ke kala nui o nā vipers, akā he mea kūpono ia no ka mea hoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula, melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā mea i loaʻa iā lākou. ʻEleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū. Hoʻopili loa ka hopena o ka huelo i ka waihoʻoluʻu, ʻokoʻa pinepine ka lemon.
Loaʻa nā maka ākea ākea. ʻO kekahi kekahi e noʻonoʻo nei i kekahi ʻano o ka maʻa a me ka hoʻohālikelike. ʻO ka kala o ka iris ka mea ʻulaʻula ākea ulaula, nā wahine ʻeleʻele - nā kukui ʻulaʻula.
ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā pōpopopopo i nā mea kikoʻī, hiki ke loaʻa ma kēia a ma ʻaneʻi: i nā ululāʻau a me nā wao nahele, i nā kuahiwi, nā ʻōpala, nā mahina, nā ʻōpū, a me nā wahi hana. ʻO ka mea nui aia ka lawa o ka meaʻai a me ka māmā, a no ke koena ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopiʻi i nā koi kūikawā. Nui ka loaʻa o nā ʻīwili ma nā wahi marshy. Maanei lākou e noho ai i kekahi manawa i nā helu weliweli.
ʻOiai ka makemake o nā kīpika i ka māmā a me ka mahana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia e kēia ʻpala i ke ola i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoiai, hele iki lākou i ke ahiahi, e like me ka hau ʻana o ka lā, a me ka wā e hoʻomaka ai, a lilo ka poʻe kīpuka i hana a huliʻe i kahi e holo ai. Hoʻopili ʻia kona mau maka i ka ʻike i ka pōʻeleʻele: hiki i ke haumāna ke hoʻonui a hoʻemi, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi ma nā reptile.
ʻO ka ʻai o nā ʻōpio ke hana ʻia nā holoholona mahana, a ʻoi aku hoʻi ka ʻiʻo, ka mea e makemake ai ka nahesa i nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe. Mai nā ʻike ʻana o nā kānaka ʻepekema maʻa aku nei nāu i nā isika ʻaʻole wale ma ka lepo, akā i lalo pū kekahi. ʻO nā huaʻī, ʻoi aku kēlā mau manu e pili ana i ka ʻūhā, i hāʻule pinepine i ka manu. Hiki i ka manu ma nā manu makua. Ua ʻai ʻo ia i nā baki a me ka kīlio wale nō ma hope o kahi mea hope loa.