ʻO ke kūmaha kūmāna i ka Hū Keʻena. Hāʻawi ʻia ke poʻo inoa i ke aliʻi. Ma kēia paona a ʻaʻole kaupaona ma mua o 7 mau grama, a ke hoʻomaka ʻole ma mua o 9 sentimita ka lōʻihi. I ka manawa pinepine, ʻo 7 mau kenimika kēia. Ma ka ʻākau ʻākau, ua liʻiliʻi nā manu, a ʻoi aku ka māmā.
Eia naʻe, e like me ka moʻomeheu, liʻiliʻi nā aliʻi a mamao. Wahi a lākou pehea e kūʻē ai nā manu i ka mea e hiki ke lele kokoke i ka lā ma mua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua ulana ʻo ka ʻaeto i nā alakaʻi. Eia naʻe, ma ka manawa hope, lele ka mōʻī mai lalo aʻe o kona ehe, e lele ana ma luna o ka mea hoʻoiho.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ke aliʻi ʻenekele
Eia kekahi i nā kaʻao, ʻo ka inoa haʻaheo o ka manu e hoʻāpono ʻia e kona kaila. Aia ma ke poʻo o ke aliʻi a lele i kahi leahi melemele e like me ka lei aliʻi. Mākuʻu ʻia a me "mantle" nā manu. ʻO ka māla hina hina-beige o ke poʻo i huli i ka ʻoliva.
Ma ka ʻōpū i loaʻa i kahi mau waihoʻoluʻu hina-brown. He ʻulaʻula nā ʻēheu, loaʻa iā lākou nā keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele hoʻi. Ma lalo o ka "lei" o nā manu, ma ke ala, aia pū kekahi wahi ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka pahu melemele ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi e like me ka hummingbird
Aliʻi ʻulaʻula compact, hoʻomanaʻo i ka pōpō. He palupalu ka hulu o ka manu. ʻO kēia a me ka nui o ke aliʻi e like ia me kahi ʻano. He pōʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele kona mau maka, he ihu ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele.
Nā kikoʻī o ke aliʻi ʻeleʻele
Korolkovye - kahi ʻohana āpau. O nā manu a pau i loko o ke kaina o nā mea hele. ʻO Korolkovsky ma loko o ia mau mea 7 ʻano. ʻO ka poʻo-kalaiʻa kekahi o lākou. Ma Lūkia, aia kekahi - he poʻo ulaula. Loaʻa ia ma ka Buke Red. ʻO ke koena o nā aliʻi i nūnū ma ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.
Kaupaona ʻono kaona - ʻaʻole kahi mea ʻē i ka ʻohana. ʻO nā manu āpau e komo ai i loko. Aia ka poʻe i kaupaona wale no 5 mau grama.
Pūʻai manu
He aha nā mea a ke kīleʻele iʻeleʻele ulaula maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i kona pilina me ka sparrow. E like me ia, he mana o ka moʻolelo o nā ʻatikala. Hiki i Ptah ke ʻai i nā pahu liʻiliʻi, nā hua liʻiliʻi a me nā hua kanu, makemake i nā mea kanu ʻai, hua kī.
Ua huli aku ka mea kaulana o ka ʻatikala i ka ʻai anuanu no ka meaʻai o ka mea kanu, i ka wā e lilo ai i ka paʻakikī e hopu i nā iniseti. I ke kauwela, hōʻole nā manu hulu i nā hua, nā hua a me nā mea kanu.
ʻAʻole ʻike nā aliʻi i ke kīloʻai ʻana o ka meaʻai, ke me ka piha ʻana. I kekahi lā, pono ke ʻai i kekahi manu i ʻelua manawa ponoʻī. ʻO kēia ke uku no ka liʻiliʻi. I loko o kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hoʻoulu ʻia ka metabolism, a ʻiliʻī ka ʻōpū o ka meaʻai i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka manawa hoʻokahi he mea ʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā pono o ke aliʻi ikaika.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Kūkulu nā hulu kōpele manu i ka pūnāwai. I kēia manawa, kahakaha nā kāne i kā lākou "lei gula", e lūlū i nā wahine a hōʻike i ko lākou kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma luna o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka wahine ikaika. E ulu ikaika ʻo Ptahs, hiki iā lākou ke hakakā.
Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, hoʻomoe nā wahine i nā hua he 10. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o nā aliʻi, ʻo kēia ka bead soot. Hana nā wahine i ka nalo no lākou iho, hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻōpala, nā mea kanu, nā ʻōpala o nā ʻili, cones ma ka nahele. I waena o lākou, hāʻule nā hua he 2 hebedoma. A laila honi nā pipi a lawe i 3 mau pule no ka ʻēheu. Ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana o nā aliʻi i ka pākeke, a mākaukau nā mākua no ka māka lua.
No ke ola, ʻo nā mea o nā ʻano mea hoʻohālike e hāʻawi i nā keiki 3-5 mau manawa, e hōʻea i ka wā poperty ma mua o ka makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke aliʻi a hiki i ka 3 mau makahiki. Noho kekahi mau manu he 2 mau makahiki. I loko o nā wahi o nā hale pilikino a me nā zola, e ola nā aliʻi i 4-5 mau makahiki. ʻOi aku ka poʻe aloha e pili ana i nā holoholona me he manu lā ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi.
18.07.2018
ʻO ka Kinglet yellow-head (lat. Regulus regulus) no ka ʻohana Korolkov (Regulidae). ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mākaʻi liʻiliʻi loa o nā kauoha Passeriformes ma ka Pae ʻEulopa.
Mai ka makahiki o XIX, e pili ana me ka hano kino o nā ulu coniferous, ua emi ka nui o ka lehulehu, akā e mau nei ke kiʻekiʻe. Wahi a nā manaʻo like ʻole, ua manaʻo ʻia he 19-30 miliona mau pūnaehana hakakā. ʻO ka nui o ka wahi i noho ʻia e ka palena ma mua o 10 miliona mau kilomita square.
Kahele
Noho ke aliʻi ʻulaʻula ma nā wahi āpau o Eurasia, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o Scandinavia a hiki i nā Urals a me Asia Minor. ʻIke ʻia nā lehulehu i Altai, nā mauna Sayan, ke komohana hema o ka Himalaya, nā mokupuni ʻo Mediterranean, ka Far East a me Japan. I ka wā o ka hele ʻana i ka manawa, lele ka poʻe i ka ʻāina i ʻAigupita, Kina a me Taiwan.
I ka wā ulu, noho nā manu i ka nahele ulu a me nā mea i ʻāʻili ʻia, a ma waho o ke kīnā ʻana i makemake ʻia ai nā puʻu deciduous a me nā ulu lāʻau. Aia ka nests ma ka palaka i ka paina o ka'āina a meʻEulopa.
Ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka āiā, noho ka manu, a noho ka poʻe ma ke ʻākau i ka hoʻoilo ma ka hema.
Ma nā kuahiwi e loaʻa ai lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka 1,500 m ma luna o ke kai, a ma nā Himalona a ma luna o 3,000 m.
I kēia wā, ʻike ʻia nā subspecies 15. Kūpono ka subspecies nominative ma Central and Eastern Europe. ʻO ka mōʻī gula poʻo poʻo (Regulus satrapa) e noho ana ʻo ʻAmelika ʻĀpana ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he mau subspecies, a ua ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa he mau iwi ʻokoʻa.
ʻAno lawehala
Koho nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano kahi e ulu ulu ai ka spruce (Picea) a me nā manuahi (Abies). ʻOi aku ka ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā ululāʻau pine, nā māka a me nā māla.
Hiki i nā manu Migratory ke lele i ka 250-800 km i kēlā me kēia lā me ka makani kūpono.
Hoʻomaʻama pinepine lākou i nā manawa i ka lele o nā noho kanaka kokoke i ka ʻimi. Hana lākou iā ia me ke kaumaha ʻole i kekahi mea kokoke i kona hele ʻana.
I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, e ʻai nā manu i nā holoholona invertebrate liʻiliʻi, e komo pū ai, nā namu a me nā mea nui ʻole. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua kanu coniferous i loko o ka meaʻai. Ua hānai lākou i kā lākou mau pīkī me nā lālima pepeke nui-calorie a me nā arachnids liʻiliʻi (Arachnida).
I ka hoʻoilo, ke nānā pinepine nā aliʻi i ka meaʻai ma ka papa o ka ʻāina, ke nānā ʻole nei i ka lihi i nā kihi ʻihi loa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka kanu ʻana iā lākou iho i ka mānoanoa o ka hau. ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā lālā kuʻu, ua kau ʻia lākou i lalo e like me ka ʻōpala. No laila he mea maʻalahi lākou no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea hopu.
ʻAʻole ʻo ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka manu e hoʻopaʻa i ka mea i hopu ʻia me ka mau wāwae a i ʻole me ka haki ʻana me ka nuku, no laila e koi ʻia i ke ʻano loea i nā ʻano mea liʻiliʻi. Holoi kā Hunting i 90% o ka manawa. Lawe ʻia ka make wai o ka manu me ka hau a me nā ua.
Ua kaulana ʻia ke aliʻi ʻulaʻula no kona aloha i ka maʻemaʻe. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻo ia i nā hulu, a i ka molt he mālama ʻo ia i kēia kaʻina no 20 mau minuke, ʻoiai ʻo ia e mau ana ma kahi o 2-3 mau minuke. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoili pinepine ʻia, akā he mau sekona wale nō. Ma ka manawa kūpono, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke hōʻole iā ia iho i ka leʻaleʻa e ʻauʻau ai i kahi hōkele.
No ka pō, eʻimi ana nā manu i nā lālā pihi lahilahi, i hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hūnā mai ke ʻano mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻohana i nā hollow. I ke kau anuanu, ua paʻa loa lākou i kēlā me kēia i kekahi, ua ʻākoakoa pū me lākou i mau keneke he nui. I mea e mālama ai i ka ikehu, hōʻemi ka mahana o ko lākou kino i ka 10 ° C, a ua hoʻemi nui ka metabolism.
Mālama kēia adaptability iā lākou e ola i nā pō hau i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka thermometer i -25 ° C.
ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe nui loa ʻo ka Sparrowhawk (Accipter nisus). Ma kahi kahi liʻiliʻi loa, lilo lākou i ka mea pio o ka mauʻu o ka mauʻu (Falco columbarius), nā ʻūlū hina (Strix aluco) a me nā awelika lihi (Asio otus).
Kāleka
He manu liʻiliʻi nui, me kona pili pūkaukau, e like me ka hulu, me ka hiʻupuʻu pokole loa, ke ʻāʻī pokole a me ke poʻo nui. ʻO ka lōʻihi kino 9-10 cm, nā ʻēheu 15-17 cm, ke kaumaha o 4-8 g. ʻO ka ʻala he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻoliva, hina hina ka lalo, ʻelua kūlohelohe keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e kū ana ma luna o ka ʻēheu. Holo ka lei ʻalani me nā palena ʻeleʻele e hui pū ana i ka lei, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka kao ʻona i loko o ke kāne a me ka lemon lemon i ka wahine. Ke hauʻoli nei ka manu, kū ka hulu melemele a hoʻokumu i kahi hāhā liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka puni ʻana o ka maka aia ke anuanu o nā hulu pōkole keʻokeʻo. Palupalu a beak a kuhikuhi. Hoʻohālike nā manu ʻōpio i nā pākeke, ʻokoʻa mai ia mau mea na ka waiho ʻole ʻana o kahi manamana melemele i ko lākou mau poʻo a hiki i ka hāʻule mua. Kahi a like a me ka waihoʻoluʻu ona, ʻo nā kāula ʻulaʻula ulaula, loaʻa ma ka ʻāina o Lūkia wale nō ma ka ʻāina Pskov a ma ke komohana o ka Greater Caucasus, he mākaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula poni. ʻO ka ʻāpana Korolkovaya, maʻamau i Siberia a me ka ʻIla Hikina, he maka ʻolima kona maka, he palaʻai ma loko o ka maka a me kahi wahi ʻulaʻula ma ke kua. Hāʻawi ʻia i 14 subspecies o ke aliʻi melonele ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa i nā kiko kikoʻī o ka waihoʻoluʻu a, i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona, ecology.
He leo leo
Hoʻomaopopo loa ka Kinglet i kāna mau mele me ka pena ʻana, kaomi loa iā ia i kona hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia ma ka hale kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu lāʻau. ʻO ka makemake maʻamau - he kao manawaleʻa o ka "qi-qi-qi", i piha ʻia he 2-3 mau syllables a hana ʻia ma kahi memo nui loa - ʻaʻole he nui nā poʻe kahiko e ʻike i nā kani ma kēia awelika. He mele melodic ke mele, he loli o ka mele kiʻina mele "priyut-ii ... pri-tyut-ii ... priyut", a i ka pau ʻana he kiko pōkole. ʻO kēia mele, e mau ana i 6 kekona, ke hōʻike pinepine nei i nā manawa 4-6 i kahi lālani. ʻO kekahi manawa ua hoʻomaka ʻia kahi mele i kahi mele mai hoʻokahi a i ʻole nui i nā leo monosyllabic ma ke kī like.
Ke hoʻomau nei ke mele mau kāne i ka wā hānai - mai ka waena o ʻApelila a ʻAukake, i ka wā i loaʻa i nā pīpī o ka lua huaʻi e hiki ke lele. ʻO ka mele a nā kāne kāne ke lohe ʻia ma ka hopena o Pepeluali a i ʻole Malaki, a ʻo Sepatemaba hoʻi. Hōʻike ke mele i ka ʻoliʻoli nui o ka manu, a ʻaʻole i pili wale i nā ʻano o kahi teritorial a i ʻole ka moeʻuhane.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Kuhi kiʻi: Kinglet ʻono hulu
ʻO ka mōʻīlu ʻulu i kālai ʻia ua ʻohana i ka ʻohana korolkovye, he wahi ʻāpana o nā passerines a me ka ʻohana o nā aliʻi. E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, he kai liʻiliʻi ʻo ia, ʻo ka hapanui o nā ululāʻau pihi. Ua loaʻa i ka manu kona inoa aliʻi no ka hele ʻana ma ke poʻo o kahi manamana melemele e like me ka lei lei gula. I Kelemania, ua kapa ʻia ke aliʻi i ka "colder cocker winter", no ka mea ke lele ʻo ia ma kēia ʻāina i ka hoʻoilo wale nō. Ma mua, aia ma Lūkia i kapa ʻia kēia ʻano "clove", ka mea no ka ʻili ʻia.
He mea kupaianaha: i nā wahine, ke kolona o ka corona he lemon-melemele hue, aʻo nā kāne ke melemona-ʻalani ia ʻoni. I nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka nui.
Wikiō: Kinglet poʻo poʻo i hala
ʻOiai ʻaʻole naʻe ʻo Korolek i puka me ka ulu ʻana, ua hoʻokumu pū ʻia nā moʻolelo e pili ana iā ia. ʻO kekahi o lākou e hōʻike nei i kona wehe a me ka dexterity. ʻLelo lākou i kekahi manawa ma waena o nā manu, hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ko lākou lele e lele kokoke mai i ka lā. Manaʻo paha ʻo ka eʻe haʻaheo i ke alakaʻi i kēia hakakā, akā ma ka hope hope, ua lele ka mōʻī liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi mai lalo o nā eheu o ka eeto, e piʻi nui ana i ka manu o ka manu. ʻO ka nui o ka mōʻī ke poʻo melemele i liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o ke kino o ka manu mai 9 a 10 cm, a e kaupaona ana ke kaupaona mai 4 a 8 mau grama.
Ma kona mau anaʻu, heʻuʻuku hoʻi ka papa ʻulaʻula melemele:
- urticaria
- aliʻi wale
- aliʻi ʻulaʻula.
He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo i ʻike ʻia e nā ornithologists he 14 subspecies o kēia manu, ʻokoʻa ka mea ʻaʻole i ko lākou wahi o kahi i noho ai, akā no kekahi mau nuances o ka hulu manu.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka mōʻī ʻulaʻula?
Kiʻi hoʻāla: Kinglet poʻo poʻo i ulu ma Lūkia
Ua koho nā aliʻi melemele i nā ʻāpana a pau loa o Eurasia, nā Azores a me nā mokupuni ʻo Canary. Akau ʻo Komohana ʻEulopa, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā manu e pili ana i nā wahi āpau i kū pono ai iā ia nā biotopes kūlohelohe. Ma ka hema o ka manu e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hui wale i kekahi mau wahi, ua mahele ʻia kona ʻano i nā ʻokoʻa kaʻawale. Ua loaʻa nā ʻike aliʻi o nā aliʻi ma ka Penikala Iberian, ma Italia, ma ke kūkulu hema-komohana o Farani, ma Romania, ma Balkans. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Scandinavia, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hālāwai me ke aliʻi, aia kahi wahi e ʻike wale ai kēia manu i ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo (Kelemānia).
He mea kupaianaha: Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i ka wahi o kēia manu manuahi he ʻupena piha like ʻole me ka noho ʻana o ka spruce maʻamau, ke ahi a me kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka puna peʻa.
I ka nui o ko mākou ʻāina, ua nui ka mōʻī:
Hele ka ʻōpū o ka manuahi Lūkini ma nā wahi ʻo Nizhny Novgorod, Tambov a me Penza. Noho ka mōneka ʻulaʻula i nā kahua o Ukraine.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hoʻopili pono ʻia ka manu i ka uka kuahiwi, no laila, hiki ke hālāwai me ʻoe:
Noho ʻo Korolek ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa kilomita paha, ʻoiai ma Himalaya hiki ke hālāwai ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ʻehā mau kilomita, ma Swiss Alps, lele nā manu i ka mauna iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 2 km. I ka wā hoʻōla, hiki ke hālāwai me ke aliʻi i nā ākea o ʻAigupita, Kina a me Taiwan.
Hāʻawi nā aliʻi ʻulaʻula i ko lākou ulu lāʻau pihi kiʻekiʻe, kahi e loaʻa ai i nā kuʻuna o nā pine pihi a me nā ahi. I nā lāʻau i hoʻopili ai, ulu nā manu i ka liʻiliʻi loa, makemake i nā pākani spruce-deciduous a me nā ulu lāʻau kedera alpine. Ma ka ulu lāʻau, kahi e pili ai ka larch a me nā paina maʻamau, ʻaʻole makemake ke aliʻi, no laila ʻaʻole ia e noho ma laila. Ma nā mokupuni ʻo Canary, noho ka manu ma ka nahele laurel a ma nā wahi i ulu ai ka pine Canary. Ma ka ʻāpana o ka ʻAzores, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka mōʻī e noho i nā wahi ulu o ka ʻāpala Iāpana a me nā ʻāpana juniper, no ka mea, no ka mea aneane pau loa nā lau laurel ma lalo nei.
He aha nā meaʻai a ke poʻo melemele i ʻai?
Kuhi: King Birdlet ʻae ʻia
He ʻokoʻa like ka papa ʻaina o ke aliʻi melemele i loko o ia ʻano, nā mea ai i nā holoholona holoholona a me nā kīʻaha o ka mea kanu. Lanakila ka hope i loko o ka meaʻai i ka wā anuanu, inā lilo ia i mea paʻakikī loa e loaʻa i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi.
No laila, ʻaʻole ka manaʻo o ke aliʻi a me ka mea ʻokiʻoki:
- nāʻauwai
- nā aphids
- nā kui
- pūnāwale
- nā puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi
- cicadas
- kokahi
- lele lele
- okiana,
- hymenoptera,
- piʻi ʻōpala
- ʻO ka laka ma nā laka
- mea ʻai huaʻola
- nā lāʻau kanu coniferous,
- nā huaʻala a me nā hua ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole hiki i kēia manu liʻiliʻi ke hopu i ka waiwai nui, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mōʻī ke uhaʻi me kāna kui ʻā, e like me ka nui o ka pīpī a me ka titmela, ʻai mau ia i ka mea i hopu ʻia. ʻO ka mea maoli, ʻo ka hānai ʻana i nā koroleks ka mea i ʻike i nā lālā coniferous, e nānā pono ana i nā kui, nā ʻai ma loko o ka cortex, a me nā unahi o nā cones. Hoʻokahi ʻia kahi manu ʻōlio manu ʻē aʻe i ka lele, e lele ana i ka lewa, e like me ka hummingbird. Lele loa ia, ulu ka mōʻī liʻiliʻi e iho i lalo i ka ʻimi e ʻimi ai i ke kīmaka, makemake ʻo ia i ka hūnā ʻana iā ia iho i ka lei aliʻi. A makewai nā pēpē hulu, inu lākou i ka hau a hoʻohana i ka ua me ka huhū.
ʻO ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ke aliʻi e hoʻoholo i nā hiʻohiʻona o kāna kīnā, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia. Hoʻomau ʻo Korolek i ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai i kona wā mele ʻana i kāna ʻōpala a hoʻopaʻa i ka pili. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka loaʻaʻana o kahi metabolism loa a me kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka ʻai i waiho ʻia i loko o kahi ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole e piha nui i ka manu e kū nei i ka nui, no laila e ʻai mau ka mōʻī e hoʻomāhuʻukiʻe nui. I loko o ka lā, ʻai ʻo ia i ka nui o nā meaʻai a ʻelua ʻelua ʻo ia ka nui.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: inā pōloli ke aliʻi no nā mau minuke 12, a laila e hoʻemi ʻia kona kino kino i kēia manawa e kahi hapakolu. Hiki i ke anapuni hoʻokahi hola e alakaʻi i kahi make manu ʻulaʻula.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
ʻO ke kiʻi: Kinglet poʻo poʻo i ulana ʻia mai ka Puke ʻaha
He paʻakikī i nā mea liʻiliʻi e noho hoʻokahi wale nō, no laila hiki i nā aliʻi ke kapa ʻia nā manu kolamu. I ka manawa pinepine o ka hiamoe, ke neʻe nei lākou e kūʻē i kekahi i kekahi e hoʻomehana i ka mahana. Ma ka laulā, ko lākou mau manu e pīhoihoi a me nā ʻuhane e nee mau nei, neʻe me ka hoihoi a me ka wikiwiki i ka lei lāʻau.
E like me ka huli ʻana, aloha nui nā aliʻi i nā ululāʻau, kahi paʻakikī loa e ʻike iā lākou i nā lālā o ka mea i pihi, no ka ke kiʻekiʻe ka wehe ʻana o kēia mau manu. ʻ legslelo nā wāwae manu ʻala iā lākou e kau ma luna o nā lālā i lalo, a i kēia manawa, ua like nā aliʻi me nā pōkole Kalikimaka.Inā paʻakikī kona ʻike ʻana i ke aliʻi, a laila e ʻike ʻia e ka mele ʻana, nā pae nui e kiʻekiʻe a like a me ke kani ʻana o "qi-qi-qi".
Ma waena o nā Aliʻi, aia nō nā manu ʻulu a me nā manu manuahi. Hoʻopili mau ka mea kahiko i kahi o ka hoʻolalelale ʻana a mai haʻalele, ke neʻe i ka lōʻihi i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi a i ka neʻe ʻole ʻana i kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi mai ko lākou wahi noho. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e noho nei nā manu e noho ana ma ke kūkulu hema, a he migratory nā manu ʻākau. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole waiho nā aliʻi i ka palena o ka ulu ʻana o nā ululāʻau pihi.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi: hiki i nā aliʻi Migratory ke lanakila i 200 a 800 km i hoʻokahi lā, me ka makani kūpono wale nō.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine lākou i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i loko o nā palena o nā wahi noho o ke kanaka, kahi e hoʻomaha ai lākou a hoʻoikaika hou iā lākou iho. Pono e hoʻomaopopo he mau maka ʻuʻuku nā kānaka i ka makaʻu a mālama pono ʻia i nā kānaka, ʻaʻole me ka weliweli a makaʻu ʻole i nā wāwae ʻelua.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
ʻO ke kiʻi: Kinglet ʻulaʻula i ke ʻano
ʻO ka manawa hoʻolāʻau i nā aliʻi ulu ʻula e hoʻomaka mai mai ʻApelila, e hopu ana i ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela. Hoʻomoʻi nā manu i ka wahine ʻē aʻe, me ka hehi ʻana i kā lākou kaho māmā, ka mea i kēia manawa ʻoi aku ka lei o ka lei. ʻO nā eheu e lele ana, ke mele ʻana i nā roulades, ke hoʻopau ʻana i nā huelo pōkole e hōʻailona ana.
I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hoaaloha, loaʻa i nā kāne nā lākou i ko lākou kumuhana ponoʻī, e mālama pono ʻia ana i nā ʻano o nā puʻuhonua āpau. Inā he mea hoʻokūkū i kēia manawa, a laila hoʻoweliweli ke kāne iā ia, e ʻuwī ana i kāna kīʻaha, e hohola ana i kona mau ʻēheu, kūlou me ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Inā ʻaʻole kōkua ka manu ʻai hōʻeuʻeu, a laila komo nā mea hoʻokūkū.
ʻO ka mea mahalo: ʻO nā ʻāina o hoʻokahi ʻohana ʻohana o nā aliʻi i laha loa ma luna o 18 mau lāʻau, ko lākou wahi awelika he 0.25 ha. Ua lawa kēia wahi ʻāina e hānai i nā kāne wale nō, akā kā lāua keiki nō hoʻi.
Hana ka cavalier i ka hana ʻana i ka pili. E pili ana, ʻo ka mea maʻamau ma lalo o ka malu o nā paʻu spruce hohonu, i pale pono e pale aku ai i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No ka hana ʻana, hoʻohana ka kāne i ka moss, lichens, nā ʻōpio liʻiliʻi, nā hua lāʻau e paʻa ai me nā pūnaewele kīmona a me nā niu o nā ʻano spider, mai loko mai o ka moena i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me lalo, nā hulu a me ka lauoho holoholona.
Lawe ka pūnana i ke ʻano o kahi hohonu a hohonu hoʻi i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kahi kīʻī kapu, aia ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 4 a 12 mau mika. ʻO ka lapalapa o ke ākea e pili ana i 10 cm, a he ʻekolu mau pule e kūkulu ai iā ia. Inā makemake ʻia nā kūlana, a laila hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻohālike i kekahi o nā kalana, ʻo ka mea mua i ʻApelila, a ʻo ka lua i ka waena o Iune. ʻO nā helu masonry mai 8 a 10 mau huaʻai i ʻalani i ke kala a kālai ʻia me nā ʻōpū brownish, hana i kahi kumu ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻāpana.
ʻO ka mea mahalo: ʻO ka hua o nā aliʻi he 10 mm ākea a 12 mm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka nui o ka lehulehu o ka masonry holoʻokoʻa ka nui o ka wahine ma kahi o 20 mau pakeneka.
Hoʻomoe ka wā incubation no 16 mau lā, ke komo nei ka makuahine i ka hatching, a ua hānai ka hoa i kāna manawa āpau. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē me ka hulu ole a hemahema ʻole. I ka hebedoma mua loa, ʻaʻohe hiki i ka makuahine ke haʻalele iā lākou, no laila ua wikiwiki ka makua kāne mālama e like me ka pupule e hānai i nā kānaka a pau, e lawe ana i ka meaʻai a 300 mau manawa i ka lā. He hebedoma ma hope iho, lele mua ka lepili i loko o nā poki, no laila lele ʻo ka wahine iā ia e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai, ʻo ia lā a me kāna poʻe hua, me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka ʻai ʻana o kahi makua ʻiwi. Ke ola nui nei nā keiki a i ka makahiki he iwakālua, hana lākou i ko lākou ʻano mua mai ka ulu ana ʻana, a hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā lele kūʻokoʻa i hoʻokahi mahina.
He mea kupaianaha: e pale i nā keiki, hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi nā mākua iā lākou, e lawe ana i nā manamana mai nā hua a me nā hana o nā keiki.
Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka hapa o ke ola e ana ʻia e nā aliʻi o ke kūlohelohe, ma ka awelika, kēia mau mele liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e ola ai ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki. ʻOiai aia ka poʻe lōlima maikaʻi loa i noho i nā makahiki ʻelima.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ke aliʻi ʻenekena
Kiʻi hoʻāla: Kinglet poʻo poʻo i ulu ma Lūkia
Ua paʻakikī ka mōʻī liʻiliʻi, a ua nui nā ʻenemi i ka hihiu.
I waena o lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke papa inoa i nā manu nīnū, e like me:
ʻO ka detractor ʻinoʻino a kaulana loa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka mea mua, ʻo nā pēpē liʻiliʻi a me nā mea ʻōpiopio i loaʻa i ka ʻiʻī nāu. Hoʻopele pinepine ʻia ʻo Korolkov e ko lākou briskness, waiwai a me ka ʻenehana nui ʻana, no laila hiki iā lākou ke kiʻalo mai kahi ʻano hoʻoweliweli a hoʻohiwahiwa iā lākou iho i nā lālā paʻapū. ʻO kahi pēpē maʻamau, ʻaʻole ia ka mea hoʻokuʻi manu i ka manu e lele paha i kahi manu migratory i pani i ka hoʻomaha i kahi kanaka.
Hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia nā aliʻi e nā fru koʻikoʻi a me ka wā ʻino. Hoʻōla ʻia nā manu ma ka kikeke ʻana i nā hipa a pili pono ʻole kekahi i kekahi, ke ʻano iho ka ulu ʻana o kā lākou metabolism, a hoʻēmi ʻia ke ʻano o ke kino e hoʻopakele ai i ka ikehu. Kēia mau hiʻohiʻona e ola i nā huhū iwakāluakūmālima mau haneli.
Hiki ke helu ʻia ka ʻenemi o nā aliʻi i ke ʻano he kanaka e komo mau nei i loko o nā biotopes kūlohelohe, kahi hūnā i ka neʻe ʻana o ke ola o nā manu. Ke ʻoki nei i nā ululāʻau, e kau ana i nā alahele, ke hoʻonui i nā kaona, hoʻopulepule i ke kūlana ʻoliola holoʻokoʻa, hoʻopilikia ka poʻe i ka ola o nā manu, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopilikia wale ʻia.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Kuhi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manamana melemele ke ʻano?
ʻOiai ka laulā o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā Aliʻi ʻulaʻula, ua nui ka nui o kēia mau manu i kekahi mau ʻāina, ua hōʻemi ʻia kā lākou mau kānaka. ʻO kēia no ke kumu kaulana nui o ke kanaka, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻoweliweli ma mua o nā ʻelele he nui o ka mōʻī manu, e komo pū ana me ke aliʻi aliʻi.
I nā makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa ʻumikūmāiwa, ua lawe ʻole ʻia ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana o nā ululāʻau koniferous, ka mea i hānai ʻia i ka lāʻau o kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole kūpono kēia ma nā wahi a pau o ka waiho mau ʻana i nā manu, i loko o nā ʻāina he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, e kiʻekiʻe nō ka nui o ka mōʻī. Wahi a nā ʻano kumuwaiwai, ʻokoʻa ia mai 19 a 30 miliona mau hua pālua.
No laila, aia ke kūlana o ka lehulehu o nā aliʻi ʻulaʻula i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe. I kekahi mau hale, pono ka manu ʻoneʻī melemele i lawe i kekahi mau mea pale.
Ma kahi i waiho ʻia ai nā manu liʻiliʻi, ʻo nā hopena maikaʻi loa ka:
- ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā wahi pihi ulu ma muli o ka mālama kino nui ʻana,
- hoʻoweliweli kanaka i nā biotopes kūlohelohe a me ko lākou luku ʻia,
- piha, hoʻokaumaha, hana kanaka
- pōʻino kūlohelohe i ka laulā.
Kahu o ke Aliʻi-Keʻena ʻono
ʻO ke kiʻi: Kinglet poʻo poʻo i ulana ʻia mai ka Puke ʻaha
Ka mea i huli ia, ʻaʻole i ākea ka nui o ka lehulehu o nā aliʻi melemele i luna o kēlā me kēia wahi, i kekahi mau wahi i emi nui ʻia i nā makahiki i hala aku nei ma muli o nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kanaka. Hopohopo kēia i nā hui kaiapuni a hoʻoneʻe iā lākou e hana i nā hana e pale ai i kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi.
I ka pae honua, ua kākau inoa ʻia ka mōʻī melemele ʻānela i loko o ka lua o ka ʻApelila o ka Berne Convention, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka Appendix II o ka Bonn Convention. Aia pū ʻia ka mōkīloko i nā ʻaoʻao kūmole Red Book. ʻO ka mōlia melemele ke poʻo i kahakaha ʻia i ka Red Book o ka Repubalika o Crimea me nā mea heʻohana i loaʻa ʻole. ʻO ka mea koʻikoʻi e hoʻopiʻi i ʻaneʻi ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā wahi o nā nāhele lāʻau pihi. He manu ʻōiwi manu ʻo Korolek ma nā wahi ākea o Buryatia, kahi i helu ʻia ai ʻo ia kahi ʻano noho lūlū. Kē ʻia ka manu ma lalo o ka palekana i nā wahi o nā kahe a Barguzinsky a me Baikal, a mālama ʻia hoʻi i nā pā o ka ʻāina Trans-Baikal a me Tunkinsky.
He manu manu līpiki ka mōʻī manu heʻe hanana i ka ʻāina ʻo Lipetsk, aia hoʻi i kākau ʻia i loko o ka Red Book kūloko mai ka makahiki 2003. Eia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manu i ka wā hoʻoilo ma ka wā hoʻoilo, a i ka wā o ka nīnū i manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻilihune. Hoʻomaopopo kēia ma muli o ka nele o nā wahi kūpono no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā pūnaewele huna.
ʻO nā kumu palekana palekana ma nā wahi like ʻole:
- ka ʻike ʻana i nā wahi o ka hoʻokahʻi mau ʻana a me kā lākou komo ʻana i nā papa inoa o nā wahi i mālama ʻia,
- ʻaʻole hoʻolimalima kanaka i nā biotopes kūlohelohe,
- aʻo e pili ana i ka noho hou ʻana a me ka nui o nā manu ma kekahi ʻāina.
- hoʻomau ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka kūpaʻa coniferous i nā wahi huna.
- ke kanu nei i nā kumulāʻau hou.
E hōʻuluʻulu i luna, pono mākou e hoʻohui i ia mea liʻiliʻi a, i kekahi manawa, pale ʻole aliʻi-poʻo hulu, ka hoʻopiha i ka ʻuhane o ke kanaka me ka hoihoi, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka mea kūikawā, ka huhū ākea, unsurpassed brilliance, hoʻomāalea a ʻoluʻolu wale. Hoʻokele pinepine kahi manu liʻiliʻi i nā pilikia o ke ola e kū pono ana i ka lanakila ʻana. He mea nui ia e mālama i ka poʻe i kēia crumb me ka mālama maoli a me ka mālama pono, a laila ka honua a puni ʻoe e lilo i mea aloha a hauʻoli hoʻi!
Mālama
Kūkulu ka ʻula ʻulaʻula i loko o ka hapa nui o Eurasia, a me ka Canary a me Azores. Eia kekahi, pili ka laulā o kēia manu ma waena o Iulai isotherms o 14 ° C a me 23 ° C, a aneane pau loa me ke kahe ana o ka lūlū maʻamau, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o Asia he pihi. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka waena waena o ʻEulopa ʻEulopa e hika loa ana ʻo ia i nā wahi a pau, kahi i pili ai nā biotopes kūpono, ma ke kūkulu hema ua ʻoka iho ka hapa - ʻulu wale ka manu i nā wahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka Iberian Peninsula, ma ke kūkulu hema-komohana o Farani, ma Italia, nā ʻāina o ka ʻāina Balkan a me Romania. Ma ke komohana a me ka hema o nā mauna Pyrenees a ma ka ʻaoʻao mamao loa o Scandinavia, ua kaawale loa i loko, a ma ke koena o ka ʻāina ka mea i loaʻa i ka wā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo.
E kū i ka ʻākau ma Norewai a 70 ° C. sh., ma Karelia a ma ke Kola Penola a hiki i ka 67 ° C. sh., ma waena o ke Kaiʻula a me ka Ural Range a hiki i ka 65 ° C. sh., ma Ural Range a ma Western Siberia a hiki i 62 ° C. sh., i East Sayan a me ka ʻauahi Khamar-Daban. Ma Ukraine, hema a Kiev, mauka ʻākau o Chernihiv a me Sumy mau wahi, ma Rūsia a Tambov, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod nā wahi, i nā Urals Hema, i Western Siberia a 54 ° C. sh., a i ka waena waena ma komohana hema o Altai, Western Sayan, Tannu-Ola a me Khamar-Daban waena.
E hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana i loko o ka Crimea, ma Asia Minor ma nā kahawai o ke Kaiaulu a me nā Kaiʻāina ʻeleʻele, ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o Kaukaole, ʻo Armenia Taurus a me Elburz. ʻO Dzhungarsky Alatau, Ketmen, Tien Shan hema i ke kuahiʻo Alai. Mai ka Pae Safedhokh a me nā ʻaoʻao o ke komohana ʻākau o ka Himalaya ma ka hikina Himalona ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Yunnan. ʻO ka Tibet Hikina i ka lālani Qinling a me ka ʻaoʻao hikina o nā mauna Sino-Tibet, ʻākau i ka piʻu Richtofen, kūkulu hema a Yunnan ʻākau. The British, Canary, Azores, Sardinia, Sicily, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands Iturup, Kunashir and Shikotan, Japanese Hokkaido and Honshu.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO ka hapa nui o ke kuʻina, ʻo ka biotope manu nui loa ka nui o ka ululāʻau kai pihi, i kekahi manawa i hui ʻia me ka paina kuahiwi (Pinus mugo) a ahi keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi i nā hiona i nā kahelehele like ʻole spruce-deciduous a me nā nahele pine pine kiʻekiʻe, pale i nā pū me ke komo ʻana i nā larch a me nā paina maʻamau i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki. Ma ke ʻākau a i Siberia kahi ʻano o ka ʻele coniferous dark, akā no ka loaʻa ʻole ma laila pinepine - ʻaʻole paha ia i aʻo ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano huna. Ma nā Azores, kahi e ʻoki loa loa ai ka nahele laurel ʻĀpana, hiki ke hoʻohuihui ʻia me ka lāʻau sedara Ua hoʻokomo ʻia, a he nui i nā ʻulā liʻiliʻi o Azores juniper. Ma nā Canaries, i ka ʻoi aku i ka nahele laurel, ʻae ia i ka lehelehe i nā wao me ke komo ʻana o ka Canary pine (Pinus canariensis) a me ka peni uila i lawe ʻia ma ʻaneʻi. I ka wā hōʻiliʻili ʻole, ʻike ʻole nā ʻano biotopes a e hui pū ʻia nā ulu lāʻau, deciduous a hui ʻia i nā ulu lāʻau, nā māla a me nā māla. Loaʻa ia ma nā mauna i luna o ka nahele - ma Swiss Alps a hiki i 2200 m, i loko o Caucasus a hiki i 2000 m, ma Himalayas a hiki i 4000 m, ma Iapana a hiki i 2600 m ma luna o ke kai.
Kuhi o ka noho
ʻO ka hapa nui nō nā ʻano heʻe, hana ʻia ka neʻe ʻana ma ka mahina hoʻoilo. Hoʻokahi wale nō ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana e loaʻa i nā neʻe hema i ke ʻano o ka holo holo piha ʻana. Hiki i ke ʻano o kēlā mau ʻano i nā neʻe a i ʻole: i kekahi mau makahiki, ua like nā līlapa o nā aliʻi i kahi hopena i ulu ʻole - kahi hoʻouka ʻana, ʻoiai ma loko aʻe o ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻole ka wehewehe ʻana i ka hoʻoilo wale nō, akā ʻo ke kiʻi ulu ʻana o nā manu no ke komo ʻana i nā meaʻai i kekahi mau makahiki. Inā he ʻoluʻolu nā ka hoʻoilo i ka wā ma mua, no laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manu i hiki ke ola i kēia manawa o ka makahiki a hoʻoulu i nā keiki - ka nui o nā ʻāpana ikaika e ʻimi i ka ʻai i nā wahi me ke ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo. E like me nā manu liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, e like me ka wren a i ʻole ke ʻōpio, i ke anuanu, ua moe nā mōʻī i ka pō i nā pūʻulu i kekahi o kekahi mau pālani, pili pono ʻia kekahi i kekahi.