Kūpono hanohano, ʻike ʻia i ka humpback a minke lōʻihi loa, kahi ʻūlani manu kai mai ka ʻohana o nā mea kohola ʻalani o nā ʻōpū ʻōpala. ʻO kēia wale nō nā ʻanoʻokoʻa o ka ʻano hanana, akā i ka manawa like nui a kaulana a kaulana hoʻi. Ua kapa ʻia ke kohola no ka mea, no ka like ʻana o kona waihona dorsal ke like me ka hump, a i ka wā e ʻauʻau ai ʻo ia e kū pono i kona kua.

Ke ʻano o ke kohola

ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne Humpback i nā wahine. ʻO ke kino o ka wahine ua hiki i 14 mau mika ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ke kāne - 13 mika. Ma kahi o nā pākeke paona he 35 tons. Aia kekahi kanaka nui i ʻoi aku ka nui.

He holoholona holoholona nui ʻo Gorbach, ʻoi aku ʻo ia ma mua o 40 tons.

ʻO ka paona nui ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 48 tons. ʻO ka kino o ke kohola humpback he ikaika a ikaika loa, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka ʻaoʻao mua ma mua o ke kua. Nui ka poʻo, e helu ana no 25% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Aia nā puʻukū ʻelele ma luna o ka ʻōpū a me ke ʻā. Aia lākou ma ka lōʻihi mamao ma kēlā me kekahi. ʻO kā lākou helu he 20 ʻāpana. Ma ka humpback, ua liʻiliʻi ka hope dorsal, kokoke i kahi kokoke i ka huelo. ʻO ka huakaʻi nui a me ka ikaika paʻa nā kihi ʻili. ʻO nā kihi nā ʻaoʻao a me nā kaha pectoral lōʻihi. Ma luna o kēia mauʻaoʻao a ma nā ʻāpana ʻelua ua ulu ka ʻili o ka ʻili.

He hana kupaianaha i hana ʻia e ke kohola humpback.

I ka waha o kēia ʻāmaʻomaʻo he uapo ʻeleʻele he ʻano o nā papa he nui. Puka lākou mai ka lā aʻe a ua kokoke lākou i kahi anana. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kihi o ka pā e ka palu. I ka wā e hānai ai, mālama ka holoholona i kona waha a moni i ka plankton. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻokū ʻo ka kohola i ka wai mai ka waha me kona alelo, e hoʻopili ana i ka palu. A laila ke kuʻi ka humpback i ka meaʻai me kāna alelo.

ʻOkoʻa ke kino o ke kohola humpback. Keʻeleʻele ke kino o luna, aneane ʻeleʻele, i lalo ka ihu me nā wahi nui o keʻokeʻo. Hiki ke keʻokeʻo loa i ka ʻōpū i kekahi manawa. ʻEleʻele ka hapa o luna o ka mahele, a he keʻokeʻo ka hapa o lalo, ʻoiai e loaʻa i kekahi manawa ke nānā aku i nā loiloi monophonic ʻeleʻele a i ʻole keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka lalo o ka huelo e hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā kiʻi keʻokeʻo. Kahi kēlā me kēia kanaka i kona kala ʻokoʻa, kahi a me nā nui o nā wahi.

Heʻano hānai a me ke olakino

ʻO ka hapa nui o ke ola o ka kohola humpback e mālama ana i nā kai o ke kahakai, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 100 km mai ke kahakai. Pau nā heleʻe i ka moana ākea i ka wā neʻe ʻana. Pahuau ʻo Humpbacks i ka wikiwiki o 10-15 km / h, ʻo ka wikiwiki loa hiki iā ia ke ulu a hiki i 30 km / h. ʻOiai e ʻimi ana a ʻai i ka meaʻai, ke hoʻololo ʻia i ka wai no kahi manawa a hiki i 15 mau minuke, no ka lōʻihi hiki ke noho ma laila no 30 mau minuke. ʻO ka hohonu hohonu kahi e kapelele ana i ka kohola mokulele ʻo 300 mau mika. I ka nā ʻana, hoʻokuʻu ia i ka wai me kahi pūnāwai, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe e pili ana iā 3 mika. Hiki i ka hui ke paʻakikī a hoʻomaʻakaʻa i kekahi mau moku liʻiliʻi. Holo aku i ka wai no ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 2/3 o ke kino.

Makemake nui ka momi i kaʻauʻau a ka pīpī i loko o ka wai, e lele pinepine a lele i waho o ka wai. Hana nō hoʻi ʻo ia e hōʻalo i nā pōpoki kaiʻai ʻokoʻa ma kona ʻili. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai, ʻo nā cephalopods a me nā crustaceans. ʻAi ʻia a me ka iʻa. E lele ana ke kohola i kahi kula o ka iʻa, paʻi i ka wai me kāna huʻu, kahi mea kupanaha, a laila hoʻokū ʻo ia a kū, wehe i kona waha a kū aʻe, pēlā ka ʻai kai.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

ʻO ka ʻōpū ma ka wahine hele i ka hoʻoilo, kahi e hāʻule ai ka hemipopaha hema ma Iune-ʻAukake. ʻOiai hūnā ka wahine i ka malama o Kepakemapa a me Nowemapa, akā hiki pinepine ʻia kēia hana. ʻO 11 mau ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana. Ua hānau ʻia hoʻokahi pahu, nona ka paona he 1 ton, a ʻo ke lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 4 mika. Hānau nā wahine i ka hua me ka waiū no 10 mau mahina. E ka pau ʻana o ka waiū hānai, ua pāpaʻa ka ʻili a 8 mau mile a he ʻōpala a hiki i ka 9 mau lōʻihi. Aia ka hua me ka wahine no 18 mau mahina, a laila waiho ka cub i kāna wahine a lilo hou ka wahine. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i ka humpback wahine i mau manawa 2 mau makahiki. ʻO kēia mau momi wahine i lilo i ka moekolohe i ka 5 makahiki. Noho ke kohola Humpback he 40-45 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā hae o ke kohola humpback

ʻO kēia mau holoholona nui he mea ʻole ka ʻenemi, ʻo nā kohola luku wale nō a he nui nā kānaka, a he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanaka ma mua o kahi kai hoʻoilo. I nā kenekulia ʻelua mau makahiki i hala, ua luku nui ka poʻe i kēia mau holoholona. Ua kākau inoa ʻia ka koholā humpback ma ka International Red Book a mālama ʻia e ke kānāwai. ʻO ka heluna kanaka i kēia lā e helu ana he 20 tausani kanaka.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

Kālā

He kohola nui ka humpback. Hiki i kona kino ka lōʻihi o 14,5 mika i nā wāhine, he 13,5 mau kāne i ka kāne, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke kohola humpback he 17-18 mika.

ʻO ka paona awelika he 30 tons. ʻO ke kohola humpback ka hōʻailona ʻana i ka mānoanoa nui loa o ka momona subcutaneous ma waena o nā kohola kikoʻī a me nā wahi ʻelua i kēia neʻe i waena o nā kohola.

Nā hiʻohiʻona

Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino o ka kohola humpback, pohō, hoʻomāeʻe i mua o nā maka, a me nā kīwī a me nā kaha i nā ʻaoʻao ma hope. Ua pulupulu ʻia ke poʻo, hoʻopuni i ka ʻaoʻao. Ke neʻe nei ka iwi haʻahaʻa i mua. ʻŌpū ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka ʻūhā a me ka ʻōpū me nā puʻupuʻu lōʻihi. Lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā paila pectoral. He haʻahaʻa ka hope ma ke kua, 30-35 cm kiʻekiʻe, ākea, like a hump. Nui ka nui caudal.

Kāleka

ʻAno ke kala o ke kua a me ke ʻaoʻao o ka humpback, ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa he brownish, ʻeleʻele ma mua o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana. ʻO ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū paha e ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha. ʻEleʻele loa ka poli pectoral ma luna, he keʻokeʻo a ʻoka a lalo paha. ʻEleʻele loa ka caudal lobe ma luna, a he keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a ʻōpiopio hoʻi ma lalo. Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano kohula kēlā me kona ʻano pilikino.

ʻO nā mea ʻai

ʻO ka papa ʻai o ka kohola humpback ka haʻahaʻa ma lalo o ka pelagic crustaceans, kaʻu iʻa (herring, mackerel, gerbil, sardine, ikanopanua, capelin, pollock, haddock, saffron cod, pollock, cod, polar cod), ʻoi aku ka nui o nā cephalopods a me nā ʻaehe me nā lehelehe. No kēia kumu, ke noho nei nā kohola i nā kai o ke kahakai a ma ka papa o ka ʻāina, kahi i loaʻa ai nā mea like ʻole. Ma kahi o 500-600 kg o ka meaʻai ua kau ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka humpback. Hōʻalo ʻia ka mahalulu i ka wā hānai, a ma ka neʻe ʻana a hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, ua pōloli ka koholā a me ka noho ʻana ma kahi momona waiwai o ka momona subcutaneous, nalowale he 25-30% o ko lākou paona.

Ma kahi e noho ai nā kohola humpback

He kohola cosmopolitan ʻo Gorbach e noho ana i nā wai āpau o nā ka nahele mai nā ʻaluna a i nā pōkā akau, koe wale nō i ka Arctic a me Antartika, akā i ka lehulehu ākea ka hapa o ka lehulehu. ʻAʻole noho nā koholā heʻe i loko o ka moana Arctic. No ke ola, makemake lākou i nā wai kahakai a me nā wai kai; komo lākou i loko o nā wahi hohonu i ka hele wale.

ʻAne kāne a me ka wahine: nā mea nui loa

ʻO ka moʻomeheu wahine i loko o nā kohola humpback ka nui o ka kāne a me nā wahine. Ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā wahine, ma ka awelika he 1-2 mau lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻoi a ʻoi ka nui ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻohui hou i ka nui, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano urogenital i ke ʻano: ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka male hemispherical protrusion (diameter 15 cm) ma ke kihi o ka honu urogenital.

ʻAno lawehala

Noho ka poʻe Humpbacks i ke kahakai, ʻaʻole nui i hele i ke kai ākea i ko lākou holo ʻana. Hiki iā ia ke ʻauʻau i nā haneli a me ʻumi mau kilomita i kahi laina pololei. ʻO nā wahi o ka hoʻoilo a me ka hānai e hiki ke lilo a loli a loli.

Paulo ke kīʻaha pīhoihoi huakaʻi 8-15 km / h Hiki i ka hiki hiki i 27 km / h.

Humpback lele lele

Me kēia ʻano ʻōiwi a ikaika loa ka pīkī, makemake e hoʻōla i waho o ka wai me ka maikaʻi, ka mea i huki i ka manaʻo o nā kānaka. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoheʻe i ka wai i nā manawa like a i ka manawa like i hoʻopiʻi ʻia e kāna ʻoi peʻa. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā kauwela i kauwela no 5 mau minuke, i ka hoʻoilo - no 10-15 mau minuke, a no ka hapalua hola wale nō. ʻO kēia no ka mea i ka hoʻoilo, ua hoʻomaha ka humpback ma lalo o ka wai, a i ke kauwela - i kona ihu. ʻO ke kumulāʻau whale humpback he 2-5 m kiʻekiʻe, ke kikowaena he 4-15 s.

ʻAʻohe whale humpback e hoʻokū i nā pūʻulu mau loa. ʻImi ʻo ia i nā meaʻai a me nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia maoli i mau hola. I kēlā mau hui, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o nā kohola i ka ulu ʻana, a no laila hana pinepine iā lākou no ke neʻe, i ka wā e mālama ai nā kāne i nā wahine me nā ʻili.

Kālā

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino e pili ana i ka 4,5 m, ke kaumaha - 700-2000 kg. Noho ka waiū hānai a hiki i ka makahiki 10-11 o nā mahina, ʻo ka pēpē e hoʻopau ai i kahi 40,045 kg o ka waiū i kēlā me kēia lā. Me ka makuahine, ua ola ke kohola ʻōpio 1-2 makahiki. ʻAʻohe mālama ke kāne i ka hua.

Hiki i ka uluʻana o ka wā'ōpiopio i ka wā kamaliʻi i ka makahiki 5-6. Hānau ka wahine i ka awelika o ka manawa 1 ma 2-2,5 mau makahiki. ʻO ka manawa kūpono e ola nei ka humpbacks he 40-50 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka kohola humpback

Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino o kahi humpback, nui nā mea kuapili e ola ai, he nui aku i nā ʻano like like ʻole. ʻO kēia nā kope copepods, copepods, whice whale, roundworms. ʻO nā endoparasites, nā trematode, nematodes, cestode, a me nā meaʻelemakule he maʻamau.

A no nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, he maʻamau ʻaʻole lākou no ka nui ʻo nā kohola. Hoʻomaʻi ʻia kekahi mau manawa e ka pepehi ʻia o nā kohola a me nā māka.

ʻO Humpback, me kekahi mau kohola nui, ke kumuhana o ka koholā, a no laila, a hiki i ka waena waena o ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka lehulehu ma 90%. Pane iki paha kēia ʻano ma muli o kona makemake punahele e noho kokoke i kahakai. Mai ka waena waena o 19 a hiki i ka hapalua waena o ka kenekulia 20, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 180,000 mau humpbacks i loko o ka Honua Honua. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hana paʻa ʻana i ka whale humpback i ka makahiki 1966 e ka International Whaling Commission. Eia ua palena ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kekahi mau kohola i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma hope o ke kau ʻia ʻana o ka pāpā ʻana, hoʻomaka ka nui o ka heluna o nā kānaka, a ua ʻoi aku ka ʻano o nā mea i kēia lā he mea palupalu a ʻaʻole hoʻi he hopohopo.

ʻO nā kolikana me nā moku, ka uʻi o ke kai, ka ʻupena lawaiʻa e hoʻopiʻi nui ai nā humpback.

Nā ʻike maoli:

• ʻO ka repertoire o nā koholā humpback ka mea kaulana, ka mea nui i ko lākou hānau ʻana. Hiki i nā wahine humpback ke hana i nā kani like ʻole, akā hīmeni wale nō nā kāne no ke lōʻihi a me ka melodically. He mele humpback kekahi ʻano kiʻina kani o ka hoʻololi i ka pae o 40-5000 Hz, e mau ana i nā hola 6-35, a hana pinepine ʻia. E hīmeni mau nā kāne inā loaʻa nā wāhine me nā cubs ma hope o lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hīmeni hoʻokahi i ka manawa a i ke mele paha. Wahi a kēia "mele mele" hiki i ke kāhea o nā ala hele o nā kohola.
• ʻO ka koholā humpback ka mea kaulana loa a kaulana hoʻi i nā koholā a pau. Ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua kahi i loaʻa ai nā humpbacks, lilo lākou i mea punahele punahele no nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi makemake e nānā pehea e lele ai nā kohola mai ka wai, e hoʻokuʻu i nā punawai a hoʻolohe i kā lākou mau mele.