E kaua aku i ka algae me ka hydrogen peroxide. Aia kahi huahana kahi kūpono kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka aquarium. He paona wale ia, kuai i loko o nā lāʻau kūʻai āpau me ka ʻole o ka wae a nā kauka kauka, a ʻo kēia āpau āpau i loaʻa ka wai a me ka oxygen - hydrogen peroxide. ʻO ka paʻa o ka hoʻonā hydrogen peroxide, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa i loko o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ia ka 3%. Pēlā nō ka kūpono o ka ʻili i kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka wai aku. ʻO ka nui o ka hydrogen peroxide ka 0.05-0.4 o ka nui o ka puna aku (ka loko aku o ka aquarium, i ka lita x 0.05 = i kēlā me kēia lā, ml). No 3% peroxide, hāʻawi kēia i ka 1,5-12 mg / L. Hoʻomalu piha ka Hydrogen peroxide i kēia neʻe i kahi kolone o nā huakini i ka lepo a me ka kānana.
ʻO ke ala kūpono kūpono a palekana hoʻi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā mea kanu mai nā maʻi iʻa a luku a me nā mea āpau āpau, ʻo ka Vietnamese. Hiki ke loaʻa ka dosis - 1.5 mg / l, 6-10 mg / l. ʻO ke ola maʻamau, e like me ka kaula, make koke, a me ka ʻumiʻumi ʻeleʻele e koi hou i ka hana hou i ka lā aʻe, a make i loko o kahi mau lā. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka milo me ka chlorine i ʻoi aku ka mea nakiko a me ka traumatic no nā mea kanu a me ka iʻa. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻo Peroxide e mālama i ka nui o ka aquarium i hui pū me ke ʻano dimming. Hana i kahi kahe wai ikaika, a ma hope o kekahi mau hola, nui ka hoʻololi wai nui.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka palekana i nā kikowaena a hiki i ka 15 mg / l no 48 mau hola. I kēlā mau ʻike, e hoʻopakele piha pono no kahi kolo o nā maʻi i ka lepo a me ka kānana. Maʻa ka ʻae o ka iʻa i ka 30 ml no 100 mau lita me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino, akā hoʻopili koke ka peroxide i nā nui o nā meaola, me ka aneane lawe koke i nā oxygen āpau mai ka wai, no laila e makaʻala i nā iʻa a hoʻohana i nā ʻono a me nā aʻa Inā, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka peroxide, puka mai nā aniani ma luna o nā kānana kānana, nā pā aquarium, nā iʻa a me nā mea kanu, ʻo ia ka manaʻo o ke ʻano nui. Hiki wale ke ʻike ʻia ke ʻano he ʻula nahe wale nō i nā kānana mīkini.
Mai haʻalele i ka aquarium i mālama ʻole ʻia. Inā hoʻomaka ka hanu i ka paʻakikī, hoʻololi koke iā 50% o ka wai a hoʻohuli i ka aeration ikaika. ʻO kahi pōʻino'ē aʻe o nā inikini kiʻekiʻe o ka peroxide me ka hōʻuluʻulu nui o nā algae a me / a me nā mea ola kahiko i loko o ka aquarium he hoʻokuʻu nui i ka ammonia NH4 / ammonia NH3 a me NO2 nitrites koke ma hope o ka noi. Hiki i kēia ke make i ka iʻa. I kēia hihia, pono ia e hōʻemi i ka pāhaʻi nitrate a me ka pollate o ka wai ma mua o ka noi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kahi mahele o 6-10 mg / l, hana i kahi papa ikaika me ka auction, a ma hope o kekahi mau hola ua hoʻololi i ka 50% wai. I ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau, hoʻopau i ka nui e like me ka mea e pono ai ka algae make a pinepine a hoʻololi hou i ka wai.
Inā loaʻa kāu punahele i kāu mau mea punahele punahele, a laila ʻaʻole hiki ʻoe ke hoʻonui i ke ʻano o 20 ml no 100 lita hoʻokahi i ka lā. Inā he keu ʻoe ma kahi o 15 mg / l peroxide, e luku ʻoe i nā mea kanu lōʻihi lōʻihi me nā lau ʻoki loa. Hiki ke hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā lāʻau paʻakikī i nā manawa pinepine ma kahi pāʻina peroxide hoʻoneʻe i 40 ml no 100 lita, no 40-60 mau minuke. ʻO ka hopena o ka glutaraldehyde i nā lāʻau lōʻihi lōʻihi. Nānā mau poʻe cichlids! Ma ka pH kiʻekiʻe (> 7.2-7.5) ʻoi aku ka pōʻino o ka hopena o ka peroxide, no ka mea, i ke kiʻekiʻe pH kahi nui o ka ammonia NH4 i hoʻohuli ʻia i ka ammonia NH3, kahi ʻumi mau manawa iʻoi aʻe ka mea make!
ʻO Glutaraldehyde. ʻO kahi mea kōkua nui i ka mālamaʻana i kahi pākali me nā mea kanu he glutaraldehyde. ʻAʻole wale ia he kumu o ka CO2 no nā mea kanu, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā lepa (i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana o nā algae), akā he puʻu a ikaika loa ia. I ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka mea i loko o ka papa aku, e hoʻohiolo ʻoe i nā algae, no laila, ʻo ka "punkana ʻoe i kou lima" e hana i ka nui o ka wai, e hoʻomalu i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka CO2, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wai a me ka hōʻoki ʻana i ka manawa o nā mea kanu. I kou aʻo ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻōla wale i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā algae koke ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūpū hou a i ʻole ʻole.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Seachem Flourish Excel (glutaraldehyde) e kāohi ai i nā algae a ʻike ʻia ua hana maikaʻi loa i kekahi mau algae. E hoʻolōʻihi i kahi pīhoihoi nui i ke algae, hiki iā ʻoe ke kala e like me nā kauoha, a ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau manawa i ʻelua mau pule. Pepehi maoli ʻo Excel i kahi algae ulaula, akā he hopena ia Cladophora, Staghorn, filament.
Ua hoʻopilikia kino ʻia ʻo Excel i kekahi mau mea kanu - Egeria densa, Riccia, Vallisneria. Ua hōʻike kekahi i nā hopena o Excel ma ka honu a me ka otocinclus. Me ke kūpono kūpono, e kōkua ka glutaraldehyde i ke kina ʻana o nā algae āpau, ʻoiai i nā hihia koʻikoʻi loa, me ka ʻole o nā hopena ʻino loa no ka nui o nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe, iʻa, invertebrates, me ka hoʻopōʻino ʻole i ka filtration ola. ʻO kekahi mea nui ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka glutaraldehyde ʻaʻole i pili i ka pH o ka wai i ka aquarium.
E like me ka mea hana ikaika, hoʻohana ʻia he hopena 2.5% o glutaraldehyde - kahi mea kanu koʻikoʻi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hana niho no ka hōʻulu maloʻo ʻana o nā mea hana, pono hoʻi i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka hoʻomākaukau no ka mikroscopy electron. ʻO nā waiwai antiseptic ikaika loa o ka glutaraldehyde ka mea e hāʻawi i ka hopena algicidal. Ua kūpono ʻo Glutaraldehyde no ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i ka pākana kai, a no ka mālama mua ʻana ma mua o ka quarantine e mālama ai i nā algae, snails, kā lākou hua, a i ʻole nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO kahi hoʻohana hou aku o kēia ala, ʻo ka glutaraldehyde he hoʻemi hōʻemi a kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka hao mai ka okoa.
ʻO Glutaraldehyde mua e lilo i hana, akā wikiwiki ka lohi o ka hana ma ka manawa me ka hoʻohui o kahi mea hoʻopihapiha, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o kahi ʻāpana. Pono ʻia ka hoʻōla ʻana no nā pahuhopu o nā mea lapaʻau, i ka wa e hoʻohana ʻia ai i loko o ka wai aku, ʻaʻole pono mākou ia mea, a e hiki ke mālama ʻia ke kōpaʻa glutaraldehyde ma 2 mau makahiki 2. No laila, ua kūʻai ʻia 5 pālita. ʻo ka pahu o Cidex (he mea nui ka hewa ʻole - ma laila nō ka Cidex OPA ma kahi o glutaraldehyde kahi hana kūʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe) hiki ke mālama no ka manawa ʻole.
Me kahi noi o kēlā me kēia lā he 5 ml no 100 lita, ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia ka make ʻana o ke ola no ka nui o nā mea i loko o ka hale aku. ʻAi ʻia nā iʻa a pau. Ke manaʻo nei wau hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia hāpana ke pale aku. Me kahi noi o kēlā me kēia lā o 12 ml no 100 lita, waiho mau nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā lā he 7-10 lā. ʻO ka mea hoʻonaʻau aniani no ke kī ʻole ʻana i kekahi mea, inā ʻaʻohe uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAe nui ka iʻa. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei paha hiki paha ke hoʻohana i kēlā meka i kahi manawa lōʻihi.
Me kahi noi o kēlā me kēia lā he 20 ml no 100 lita, make nā algae a pau i loko o nā lā 5-7, koe wale nō ke aniani a me ka uliuli uliuli-uliuli. Hoʻomaka kekahi mau iʻa e hōʻike i nā hōʻailona ʻoluʻolu o ka wīwī o ka oxygen i loko o nā hola 3-5 ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ka lāʻau. Hoʻohui wau i kēlā iʻa i ka ʻona nui o ka glutaraldehyde maikaʻi loa inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻohui i ka manawa āpau, akā me ka lohi. Inā ʻo ka pahuhopu ke hakakā me nā algae, a laila e noi koke ka hapalua o kēlā me kēia lā i ka lā, a ʻo ke koena ma o kahi pahu wai.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Cidex i kēlā kakahiaka i ka wā i huli ʻia ai ka kukui (glutaraldehyde ma ka aquarium i kahi haki ʻana o 50% i nā hola 12, e nalowale loa ma hope o he 48 mau hola), hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma mua o ka
Ka wili ʻana. ʻO kāna hiʻona o ka hoʻopihapiha piha i ka aquarium i ʻekolu mau lā, e huli ana i ka average a hoʻopau i ka mana CO2. Pepehi kēia i kahi algae ma luna o ia wahi, a hoʻomau nā mea kanu ʻole i pale ʻole ʻia. Pēlā i ʻoki ai kēia i nā mele kuʻikuʻu algae, a me ka nele o ka photosynthesis, me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea kanu, make koke lākou. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo Caridina multidentata lāua ʻo Otocinclus (ʻaʻole he keʻokeʻo ka pouli iā lākou) ʻai i nā ola ola a maʻule nā algae, pale iā lākou mai ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā spora hou. I kēia ala, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke pepehi me hemo mau loa. Noho ola ʻo Algal ma nā pae liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa loa, a hiki ke ola i loko o ka pouli piha a hiki i ka 1 makahiki. Inā ma ka loko aku e loaʻa hou kahi huikau a me kahi liʻiliʻi biomass o nā mea kanu - e hoʻi hou ka algae.
ʻO nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomau ma lalo o ia mau ʻano, ola, akā e lawe ʻia nā mea waiwai maikaʻi loa mai ka hale aku. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻomau ʻia ka iʻa i kēia manawa, akā no ka ʻai ʻia nā mea ʻai a pau. Hiki ke ʻōlelo e hoʻomāliuli piha ʻia ka loko o ka waiola i kekahi mau lā he ala kumu o ka mālama ʻana i nā algae, aʻo nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa, aʻo ke ola nui, a laila e ulu ana. ʻO kahi hoʻonui hoʻonui nui i ka ʻaoʻao dimming ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana o Seachem Flourish Excel a i Glutaraldehyde. Ma mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hydrogen peroxide no ke kumu like. He mea nui nui ia e hāʻawi aku ai iā Excel / Glutaraldehyde inā ʻaʻohe Caridina multidentata a i ʻole cherry Red.
Hiki iā ʻoe keʻeleʻele i ka wai aku me kahi lole poʻomanaʻo pōkole loa, nā ʻeke ʻōpala ʻeleʻele i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau ʻāpana. • 1) Hōʻalo i nā mīkini he nui e like me ka hiki, e ʻoki i nā lau nui. • 2) hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka kānana. Inā ma lalo ka polū-uliuli algae - siphon. • 3) E hoʻololi i ka wai i ka 50%. • 4) Hoʻopau i ka mālamalama, hāʻawi i ka CO2, e huli i kahi a (pono). • 5) Hana i ka kaila wai maikaʻi. • 6) Eʻeleʻele piha i ka halewai. • 7) Lomo iā Seachem Excel i ka - 8 ml no 50 l o ka wai, ʻo Glutaraldehyde i ka hoʻoikaika like ʻana (ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mg / l, a i ʻole hydrogen peroxide a hiki i ka 15 mg / l). ʻAʻole iʻoi aku i ka mea nui o ka Excel / Glutaraldehyde - e pepehi ʻoe i ka kū a me ka iʻa. • I ka lā aʻe, e hoʻololi i ka 50% o ka wai a hoʻohui hou iā Excel / Glutaraldehyde / Peroxide. • 9) I ke kolu o ka lā like. 10) • I ka lā ʻehā, e huli i ka kukui, ka lako o ka CO2 (hoʻonui holomua, ma luna o nā lā he nui!), Hoʻohui i ka nitrogen / phosphorus e hoʻihoʻi i ka ikaika o nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole ʻano ka iʻa i ke kalaʻeleʻele i kekahi ʻano.
Inā nui nā puʻu make ma loko o ka ipu aku, maikaʻi e hoʻāla iā lākou me ka upena, hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻōpū mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka lepo, a e ninini i ka kānana ma hope o kekahi mau hola e pale ai i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o ka ammonia / ammonia. Mai hoʻonele i ka aquarium no nā lā ʻekolu mau lā, inā ʻaʻole e nalowale ʻoe i nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi! ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hydrogen peroxide a glutaraldehyde, me ka nui o nā algae, i loko o ka aquarium me ka hoʻoiho ʻia o ka NO2 a me ka ammonium NH4 (a i ke kiʻekiʻe pH ka nui o ka ammonia NH3 i hoʻokumu) mai i nā ʻupena, e hiki ai ke hana i ka make o nā iʻa a me nā invertebrates. Mai haʻalele i ka biofilter, hoʻololi pinepine i ka wai, a kāpae i nā mea make he nui e like me ka mea hiki.
Loaʻa ka holomua wikiwiki i ka mana algae me nā antibiotics a me nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau mau mea i hāʻawi i ka hopena maikaʻi loa. ʻAʻole hoʻi he panacea. Hoʻohana wale ia me he hopena hope loa a hiki, ʻaʻole naʻe, ʻaʻole loa ka hopena i ka hopena i manaʻo ʻia. Eia naʻe, hana ʻino lākou i ka maikaʻi: pinepine i nā papa hana i nā algae, hōʻino lākou i ka iʻa a me nā mea kanu i ka lawe ʻana i nā algae, ʻaʻole lākou e kāpae i ke kumu o kā lākou hanana ʻana, a ma hope o ka manawa e hoʻi hou nā mea a pau, e luku aku i ke kaiāulu o nā huakini e hāʻawi i ka sikoleka nitrogen. I loko o kahi māla mea kanu, pono ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea 'umu "paʻakikī, no ka mea hiki ke hōʻino kēia mea i nā mea kanu. Akā naʻe, no ka poʻe aloha i nā hoʻokolohua:
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā antibiotics (penicillin, bicillin-5, streptomycin, erythromycin) i nā hihia he nui loa, akā i kekahi manawa ke hāʻawi nei i kekahi o kēia mau antibiotika i kahi hopena maikaʻi aʻe. Pono ke koho i ka maʻi maʻi ma ka hoʻāʻo. Kahiʻo
ʻO keʻano
I loko o nā hale noho me kahi ʻoihana kai maikaʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia, ua loaʻa nā lau i nā mea liʻiliʻi. He mea kūpono ke kaumaha inā kū i ka wā wikiwiki o lākou. ʻO ka pinepine ma nā paia o ka kahe ka pua pua kūlohelohe, nā ʻano e pili ana i ka launa pū ʻia e kūkākūkā i kekahi ʻatikala. Ke hakakā nei i nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa ma loko o ka aquarium, mea nui e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka algae. No laila e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ʻoe e hemo i ka flora parasit a mai hana ʻino i nā poʻe noho ʻē aʻe o ka waiwai.
ʻO nā kumu no ka helehelena
- ʻO ka hōʻino hewa ʻole a nele ʻole o ka biobalance. Inā nui ka ʻai o ka mea kanu aku i nā mea kūlohelohe (mauʻu mauʻu, hoʻokaʻawale ʻole, ʻōpala nā iʻa a me ka meaʻai leftover), nui nā kumuʻai o ka mauʻu. ʻO ke kao o nā mea kūlohelohe e kū mai ka overpopulation, mālama maʻamau i ka pākuʻi a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka iʻa.
- ʻO ka pohō a ka nele paha o ka phosphorus a me nitrates. ʻAʻole hiki i nā pālahalaha kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻokō me ka nui o nā mea kanu, no laila ua hoʻopau nā phosphates a me nā nitrates i nā algae. A ʻo kahi hapa o nā mea kanu ʻai e hoʻokūwī ai i kahi wahi kūpono no ka mauʻu.
- Kahi a i ʻole ka hemahema. Me kahi lā lōʻihi, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka greenery i ka nui o ka mālamalama, a nāwaliwali nā mea kanu. ʻO ka nele o ke kukui, ke huli ʻana i nā kūlana no ka pālahalaha ʻana o kekahi mau mea weʻa.
- Nā hewa hala o nā kukui. Pono ka flora kiʻekiʻe i ka māmā o nā aniani a me nā ʻula a me nā ʻulaʻula. Makemake nā ʻōpala i ke kukui melemele mahana i hāʻawi ʻia e nā kukui kukui a me nā kukuna o ka lā.
Kāleka a diatoms paha
Palapala i ke algae Brown ma ka pli ma nā paia o ka aquarium, nā lau a me ka lepo. Hoʻowahāwahā i flora a me ka fauna. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia i ka aquarium no nā mea hoʻomaka e pili ʻole i ka biobalance unstable a me ka nele o ka māmā. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Aquarium i nā wai paʻakikī me ka pH ma luna o 7.5. I mea e pale ai i ka ulu ʻana, e hoʻololi i ka umauma me kahi mea ikaika a hoʻohui paha i kahi kumu māmā. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e holoi i ka kohu palā, e waiho ia i loko o kahi pala mānoanoa, kahi paʻakikī e mālama.
Red algae a ʻeleʻele algae paha
Ke ulu nei lākou i loko o nā pōpoki o ke hina hina, poni a ʻulaʻula paha i ka kala me ke kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i 5 mm. A ʻike ʻia he ʻulaʻula. Ke ulu nei lākou ma nā wahi āpau, ma ka paʻakai a me ka wai hou. He mea paʻakikī ke neʻe i nā lāʻau Crimson. Makemake lākou i ka wai paʻakikī me kahi kūlā ikaika. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o Glutaraldehyde iā lākou e hui pū me nā loli wai hebedoma a hiki i ka 50% a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe piha ʻana.
ʻEleʻele ʻeleʻele
E ulu i nā pōpokiʻeleʻele. ʻO ka "ʻumiʻumi" ke hilahila pinepine ʻia me ka "Vietnamese", ʻaʻole ia he kuhi hewa loa, no ka mea he like nā ʻano o nā ala o ke wehe ʻana i nā greens parasit. Inā ʻike ʻoe ua puka mai nā lauoho ʻeleʻele ma luna o nā mea kanu i ka loko aku, e nānā i ka ʻatikala e pili ana i nā hana e pale ai i ka ʻumiʻumi ʻeleʻele.
He aha nā algae
Hoʻohui ka nui o nā aquarist i nā mea kanu aku o ka aquarium i nā algae. ʻAʻohe kuhi kēia ʻike. ʻO nā mea kanu e ulu ana ma ka loko o nā koina i koho nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ke aupuni kanu; ʻO Algae (algoflora) nā ola ola haʻahaʻa.
ʻO kēia kahi hui heterogeneous nui e hoʻohui i nā unicellular, multicellular a me nā kolana i nā mea ola ola e noho nui ana i loko o ka wai wai. ʻAʻole kanu nā mea āpau.
ʻAʻole lākou lākou e ala mai kahi manawa, akā hāʻule i loko o kahi pahu me nā wai, nā holoholona hou, nā mea kanu, nā meaʻai, nā pōhaku, nā ʻōpū. Eia kekahi, nā manawa kuʻuna o nā ʻano maʻamau maʻamau i ka lewa.
Hiki ke hakakā i ka mea kanu i ka mea kanu.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, hoʻomaka ko lākou ulu ulu ʻana, ka hopena:
- ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka manaʻo noiest
- hua pohō ma ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ka pā, lilo ka wai i nā ao, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻulaʻula paha.
- ua puka mai kekahi mea ʻala
- clogged kānana
- make nā mea kanu a me nā iʻa.
Hōʻike ka Algal i ka wai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hoʻemi ʻole i ka biocenosis.
Aia kekahi mau mea kūpono ʻē aʻe he biofilters, substrates no ka spawning a ola hānau, pale no ka pā. Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau macroalgae i loko o ka mahiʻai.
Nā ʻano ʻōpiopio o Aquarium Algae
He umi kaukani o nā ʻano ʻona.
Nā mea kanu akuwai:
- huʻipaʻi
- enaena
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo
- ʻulaʻula (ʻulaʻula),
- uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo (cyanobacteria).
ʻO ke koho o kahi ala kūpono e hoʻomalu ai i nā algae i loko o kahi kaʻa ka mea e pili ana i kā lākou kuleana o kekahi o kēia mau pūʻulu auhau.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hoʻopili ʻia nā diatoms i nā kīʻaha wai ʻole a hoʻopilikia i nā mea kanu.
Kaupane
ʻO lākou nā mea unicellular unicellular i hoʻopili ʻia me ka ʻili silika. I kekahi manawa hui pū i nā koloni. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hūnā i ka waha. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā ʻano lehelehe like ʻole, ka waiho ʻana i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo uliuli, ka melemisa a i ʻole nā mea kanu spkled e ulu pono ʻia, i hui pū ʻia i nā puka nui. Loaʻa pinepine i nā mea ʻuala hou. Hoʻokumu maikaʻi lākou i nā kūlana māmā.
Ke hikiʻole i ka diatoms ke kahiki. Pono e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomālamalama, mālama i ka mahana ma + 25 ° C, hoʻokō i nā loli wai, nā papa maʻemaʻe, hoʻoponopono i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka silicates (e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pōhaku kūpono, hoʻohana i kahi kānana kūikawā).
Palaunu
Palaka algae brown i loko o ka mea kanu ma nā mea kanu.
Hoʻolaha pinepine lākou me nā diatoms, ʻoiai ke hōʻike nei lākou i kahi papa hoʻokaʻawale. ʻO ia nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo flagellum, ʻo ia kahi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻano multicellular. Noho nui lākou ma ke kai, akā he nui nā ʻano wai hou. Hoʻoholo ʻia kā lākou kala e ka waihona puaʻa brown, pale i nā ʻano pigment ʻē aʻe.
Loaʻa ʻia nā ʻike pinepine ʻana, ʻo ka hapa nui i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. Hoʻohālikelike lākou i ka uhi ʻana mai o ka brown brown i ka aniani, nā pōhaku, nā ʻeke, nā mea hoʻonani, nā mea kanu. ʻO ke koho hewa ʻole o ka kukui ke hoʻoikaika i ko lākou hoʻomohala ʻana. Hoʻopili ka Plaque a me ke kōkua o nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ola.
ʻO nā ʻano o ka aquarium algae me ke kiʻi
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, he nui nā ʻano o ke algae. Aia ma mua o kanakolu tausani nā holoholona! Ma lalo iho nei nā kumu mele maʻamau maʻamau, nā kumu no ko lākou hele ʻana i ka aku a me nā hiʻohiʻona pilikino o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pilikia me lākou.
Akā, ka papaʻaina mua. E pili ana i ka nui o ka al al nui, ua hoʻokaʻawale wale ʻia lāua e ka ʻāpana o ka thallus (thallus) i:
- Diatoms - Diatomeae,
- Palaka i ke koa - Phaeophceae,
- Keʻano kūlohelohe - Chlorophceae,
- Algae-ʻalani-kūpaʻa - Xantophceae,
- Algae Red - Rhodophceae,
- He gula Algae - Chrysophceae,
- Blue-green algae - Cynophceae,
Kālea
ʻO kēia ʻāpana o nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa ke komo pū me nā mea ola unicellular a me multicellular. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka hiki ʻana o ke kloropileta, ka mea e hāʻawi ai i ke kaila ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā puʻupuʻu. ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻelele e alakaʻi i kahi ala e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a laila kūkulu lākou i ka kolana wai.
Hōʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o nā puka hoʻohālikelike, kahi kiʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā paia a i lalo paha, nā kaula, nā kele. ʻO ke kūlana maikaʻi loa no kā lākou hoʻomohala ʻana, he maʻi, nā lā ʻona lōʻihi, ka nui o nā mea ʻona, nā phosphates a me nitrates.
ʻŌmaʻomaʻo ʻō
He mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo kēia mau mea i hiki i ka photosynthesis. ʻO ka keʻena cyanobacteria me ka unicellular, kolonial, filamentous form. ʻĀnō ke kala ʻana i ko lākou kala me ka uliuli hohonu. Hoʻohala lākou i ka uhi maloʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka aniani, ka lepo, nā mea kanu, ke kumu nui o ka wai pua, exude kahi ʻano ʻano ʻono maikaʻi, alkalize i ka ʻona kai. Hoʻokaʻawale kekahi mau mea i nā meaʻala.
Hana ʻia nā ʻōnaka polū-uliuli ma muli o ka hoʻomohala maʻamau o ka wai i loko o ka pūpuna a me ka nui o ke kukui.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ulu ʻana o nā meaola a nā kumu like ʻole:
- ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea ola ma muli o ka luhi ʻana i ka iʻa.
- ʻO ka pae pH he 7.5-9.5.
- Loaʻa kahi kūpono.
- ʻĀniha kukui.
- Ke kūoʻi nei i ka mahana wai.
- ʻO ka pālahalaha kōpala nui.
No ka hoʻopau ʻana i kā lākou hana, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi ʻano o nā kaʻina, me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka mīkini, hoʻonui i nā ʻike o ka oxygen, hoʻoulu wikiwiki i nā mea kanu, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antibiotics a me nā antiseptics.
Kōkua
E pili ana i ka laupaila uliuli.
- Kladofora. He pākaha kona kele ʻana, i ka lōʻihi o 2-3 cm ʻO ia i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka wā o ka stagnation o ka wai a me ka nele o nā macrocells.
- Edogonium. Hōʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o ka cannon uliuli ma nā lau a i ʻole ka lepo, a laila hāʻawi i nā kaula lōʻihi. Ua ulu me ka nele o nā macronutrients.
- Rhizoclonium. Hōʻike ʻia i loko o kēia mau mea kanu i hana ʻia i loko o ke ʻano o nā palaka lauwili laula o ka ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ke kumu kahi balakika paka paʻa ʻole.
Aia hoʻi ka Spirogyra i kahi hoʻolālā filamentous, ʻoiai inā e pili ana i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā i ka harofitovye algae. Kahi ʻia kona ulu wikiwiki ʻana i ka mālamalama ikaika, kahi hemahema o nā hoʻohui mea mineral, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kūlohelohe.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e wehe me ka hoʻohana lima. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kona ulu ʻana me ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine i nā lā 3-lā a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau algicidal.
ʻO Algae kēpē Compsopogon
He ʻano 'ano o ka algae ʻulaʻula, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻumi ʻeleʻele. He palupalu palupalu palupalu palupalu i nā ʻōnaehana a 15-20 mm lōʻihi. Kūpono ka waihoʻoluʻu o ko lākou kala mai ke kala a ʻeleʻele. Hoʻopili lākou i nā moʻomeheu aquarium, ulu i nā rhizoids i loko o ko lākou mau epidermal cells, e luku ana i ke ʻano o ka hopena o nā mea hope. No laila, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou me nā lau i hoʻopili ʻia.
I ka manawa pinepine, ua hilahila ʻia ka ʻumiʻumi ʻele me kekahi algae ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kapa ʻia he Vietnamese (kahi ʻano o Audouinella). He ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i ka hiʻohiʻona: ka ʻūlī ʻana me nā pulu ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā kaula ʻeleʻele e ulu ana ma ke ʻano o nā bunches liʻiliʻi. I nā kumu ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano ʻōuli o ka ʻumi ʻeleʻele, a me ka pūlima o ka aquarium flora, aia i loko o ka hale kūloko i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻumi ʻoka, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻāʻule ma ka palapala Pelekane.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻelua i mea hōʻeha nui a paʻakikī lākou e hoʻoneʻe. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hōʻemi i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea ola i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka helu o ka iʻa, e hoʻoneʻe i nā snails, kāpae i nā mea hana e hoʻokumu ai i ka kahe, mālama i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, pinepine e hoʻololi i ka wai, hoʻonui i ka hoʻokaheʻana o ke kalapona.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Algae mai ka mākaʻikaʻi Compsopogon i kapa ʻia he "ʻumiʻumi" no ka mea ua ulu lākou ma kahi pūhaka piʻo.
Ka hōʻemi kukui
ʻO ka hapanui ka nui o ka algae e pono i ka māmā kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻaʻole pono e kau ʻia nā mea kanu ma nā window window, e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā puka makani a i nā wahi ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ai ka lune ma mua o nā hola he 2 i ka lā.
Hiki i ke kukui i ka loko i ke ahiahi ke kū i nā algae.
ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka lōʻihi o nā hola o ke ao i 8 mau hola ma luna o nā mea kanu ʻaʻole ikaika i hōʻike ʻia, a no nā wana makemake ʻole e lilo pinepine ia i mea make.
ʻO kekahi manawa ke hoʻopau wale nei ka mālamalama i nā lā he nui, e kau ai i kahi mea hoʻopihapiha e hāʻawi i ka oxygen i ka iʻa, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hana nā mea kanu i ka pouli. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ala, no ka laʻana, i ka wai pua.
Pono ka hanu o ka māmā, ʻo ke ʻano maʻamau o 0,5 watts i 1 lita. Hoʻopiʻi ka mālamalama nui i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me kona hemahema a me nā diatoms.
I kekahi mau hihia, pono ʻoe e koho i ke kukui e hilinaʻi ana i ka laulā. No ka laʻana, ka ʻulaʻula uliuli (wavel 600 600 nm) i hoʻohana pōkole ke pale aku i ka ʻumi ʻumi.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ke ala e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi nei he maikaʻi loa. ʻOiai e mālama ana i ka lōʻihi o ka lā i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi, pono ʻoe e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka uila ma ka hapalua.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā iʻa a me nā ʻanā e ʻai ai i nā algae
Nui nā holoholona e hānai ana i nā algae.
ʻO Ototsinklus affinis iʻa ka iʻa ma ka algae a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka aquarium.
I waena o nā iʻa, pono ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka makemake:
- ʻO nā mea ʻai algae noamese (Crossocheilus siamensis, Epalzeorhynchos siamensis, SAE), nā hoa hana ʻehā o India (IAE),
- ʻona (Otocinclus),
- nā pahi kaua, nā mea kīpoko, nā mollies a me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana Peciliae (Poeciliidae),
- Jordanella
- Halekula (Gastromyzon),
- pulupulu (Tropheus),
- hypostomus (Hypostomus).
Hiki i kekahi mau iʻa i ke lau ʻana i nā mea kuʻuna.
He ʻano maʻamau kēia no nā ʻano like me:
- ʻO Girinoheylus (Gyrinocheilus aymonieri), ua hea ʻia iā lākou nā mea ʻai alua, a i ʻole KAE,
- ʻIstrlelo lele ʻo Anthistrus (Ancistrus),
- palikaikopiha (Pterygoplichthys), etc.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻano heʻe mai nā ulu algal. Ke kahe ka wai, nā bivalves a i kahi pūʻulu nui o ka daphnia hiki ke kōkua. ʻAmaʻa ʻo Amano (Caridina multidentata, inoa ʻole C. japonica) i hoʻopau i nā ʻano algoflora. E kōkua nō hoʻi lākou e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kolone o ka pōpō pōkole mai ka pehu koke, e hoʻi ana i kā lākou hoʻopiʻi pale mua.
I nā wā mua o kahi make, hiki i nā mea hoʻonaninani (ampoules, coils, theodoxuses, etc.). Akā me nā leʻa koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole mau lākou ka maikaʻi.
Ke noi o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana i nā mea kanu
Ke kaua nei ka mea kanu no ka māmā, ka pele, ke kalaiwa, nā mea hoʻohuihue o nā minima. Eia ua nalowale ʻo algoflora i ka ulu ʻana i nā mea kanu wai.
No ke kūleʻa i ka iwi algal, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻano lōʻihi lōʻihi i:
ʻAʻole pono nā mea kanu i kanu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā ʻano o ka holo ʻana, e like me ka hornwort, pū, elodea, etc.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā lāʻau kanu me nā mea hoʻohui a me nā minerala.
ʻO Ludwigs (hema), Hygrophils (waena), Wallisneria (ʻākau) hiki ke hakakā i ka algae ma muli o kā lākou ulu wikiwiki, e koi ana i ka nui o nā mea momona, kahi e nele ai ka laka no ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
Ka hoʻohana lāʻau
Hoʻohana ʻia nā Algicides i ka hana ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia mau mea kanu hoʻohui me nā hana herbicidal a i ʻole ka hana biocidal.
- hoʻowahāwahā - hoʻohuli lākou i ka phosphates i kahi ʻano hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale, hoʻohuihui i ke kaiapuni, hana mālie, ʻaʻole hana i ka wai paʻakikī.
- nā oxidants - pepehi i ke algae a me nā mākeke lākou, he hopena hōʻeha i nā mea kanu a me nā microflora kūpono.
- biocides - antiseptics a me ka hoʻomākaukau ana o ka zinc a i keleawe paha, hana wikiwiki, akā e kāohi i nā mea kanu, huhū i ke kaulike o biocenosis,
- antibiotics - pili i ka algae uliuli-uliuli,
- ʻO nā zeolites he mau mea hina maoli e hoʻoneʻe ana i nā phosphates mai ka wai.
- Mākaukau e pili ana i ka glutaraldehyde - hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka mea kanu, aia ka mea pono ʻole no ka honu.
E hoʻopili iā lākou me ka makaʻala, e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻo, hoʻopili ʻia me nā ʻano ʻōlelo. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā Algaecides no nā loko i nā loko i hoʻolaʻa ʻia.
Kālā
Hoʻonui ka nui o ke kao wai ʻenehana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, e alakaʻi ana i ka pale ʻana i ka hana algal. ʻO kona pae pae kiʻekiʻe he 10-20 mg / l. Kahi ʻia ka makemake i makemake ʻia. ʻAʻole pono ia no ka pili ʻana o nā ʻano iʻa. I kēia hihia, pono e mālama i kahi pae pH maʻamau a hōʻoia i ka hāʻule ʻole o kona waiwai ma lalo o 6. Inā ʻaʻohe mea kanu lāʻau a i ʻole i ulu maikaʻi ʻia, pono e hoʻōki ka kaila o ke kō.
ʻO ka hydrogen peroxide
Hoʻohui ʻia ka hydrogen peroxide (3%) i ka wai i ka wikiwiki o 1.5-2.5 ml ma kēlā me 10 pā.
He superoxidant i hoʻohana ʻia e pale i ka cyanobacteria, nā ʻumi ʻumi a me nā Vietnamese. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi hopena o 3% ma ka hua o 1.5-2.5 ml no 10 l o ka wai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke komo ʻana me kahi syringe ʻole me ka pono ʻole ma kahi o ka hōʻiliʻili o ka ulu ʻole.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā lau i hoʻopā ʻia ma mua. E hoʻohana i ka huahana me ka akahele me ka hana like.
Hoʻohana ʻia no ka disinfection o nā ipu, ka wai, ke kaohi, nā lako. Hiki ke keokeo, nā hopena o ka pulu 5% a i ʻole chloramine 3%. ʻO kā lākou hopena ʻino i ka microflora, nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona e pono e mālama i nā moʻo. Kuwuwelo ʻo Chlorine, hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka wai i ka wā o ka sedimentation. Pono ʻoe e kali ma ka liʻiliʻi 1-2. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā pono hana e hoʻopau koke.
Nā mea hoʻonaʻauao
Hoʻokumu nā mea hana kino i nā kūlana kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā algoflora. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu i ka wai ma muli o ka lawehala o ka iʻa. No ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i nā mea o nā pūhui organik, pono e hāʻawi ʻia nā mea a i ʻole ka momona i hāʻawi ʻia, a pono e kaupalena ʻia kāna ʻāpana i ka liʻiliʻi.
Ke hoʻohālikelike nei, lawe ʻia ka hoʻololi wai wai (2-3 manawa i ka hebedoma, ma kahi o 20% o ka nui) e mālama i ka maʻemaʻe. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hauoli a me ka phosphorus me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui kūikawā e like me Aqua Medic antiphos a i ʻole Tetra NitrateMinus Pearls.
ʻO Glutaraldehyde
Hōʻike kēia pūlea i nā waiwai disinfecting. Ua wāwahi ia i loko o ka wai i ka lā me ka hoʻokuʻu o ka papa hana hona. I ka hakakā ʻana me ka beʻiona ʻeleʻele a me ka puʻiona hina, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia e pili i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa.
ʻO Glutaraldehyde kahi disinfectant e hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me ka wai.
ʻO kēia ʻāpana i ka neʻe o ka 2.5% he ʻāpana o nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole.
- ʻAno
- Kauka Hōʻalo + CO2,
- Mea Piʻohana ʻo Algae,
- Hoʻololi kūlā ʻo ZMF Algo, a pēlā aku.
Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻōlelo ʻia e nā poʻe loea e wehe i ka foci ʻike ʻia a me ka pīpī i ka lepo. ʻO ka palena ma ka lapaʻau prophylactic kahi kiko o 100 l ka 3 ml, me ka hoʻonāwaliwali nāwaliwali - 5 ml, hōʻike - 10-12 ml.
Maikaʻi kēia kālā no ka hoʻohana wā lōʻihi. I nā kūlana holomua, e lawelawe ʻia ana kahi pālua ʻelua a hoʻokahi paha. Pono ia e hoʻoikaika i ka aer.
Pehea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i ka aquarium a a pehea pinepine
ʻO ke alapine ʻia o ke kaʻina hana ma luna o kekahi mau kumu:
- ʻO ka nui o ka aquarium. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā pahu me kahi poli o 10-20 lita i kēlā me kēia pule, mai 100 lita - ma kahi o 1 mau manawa i ka mahina.
- ʻO ka helu o nā holoholona. ʻOi aku ka nui o lākou, ua hoʻohaumia ʻia ka wikiwiki.
- ʻO ka kaulike o ka biocenosis. Inā hoʻopau ʻia ke kaulike, pono e hana pinepine ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
- ʻO ka mālama kūpono. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hala i ka maʻi kikoo.
Hoʻolālā ia i kahi hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻia me ka hoʻoliʻina ʻāpana o ka wai. Holo pinepine lākou i ka holoi ʻana i ka mea i loko o ka wai, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka manawa o ka manawa i loko o kekahi mau makahiki, no ka mea ke kolohe ka biobalance paʻa. Hana ʻia hoʻi kēia ma mua o kahi hoʻokūkū hou a, inā pono, he kāʻili piha ʻana i ka ʻupena i laila.
Hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻāpana kūikawā e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke aniani aquarium, a pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā mea hiʻona e ka lima a me ka disinfected i loko o glutaraldehyde.
Nā hana i hoʻolālā ʻia:
- e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana i nā paia me kahi ʻāpana a me ka lole paha e noho ai ka hale.
- ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā mea hiʻona,
- ʻoki a ʻokiʻoki i nā mea kanu,
- sipona o ka lepo
- holoi ʻana i nā kānana i ka wai aquarium,
- ka holoi ʻana i nā kukui a me nā uhi,
- ka hooneʻe ʻana o 15-30% o ka nui o ka wai me ka kaila o ka nui kūpono o ka wai hou, ka pale
ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā hale kila, nā mea ʻea, nā mea hana, nā mea kanu e lawe ʻia ana e like me ka mea e pono ai. ʻAʻole i hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana hoʻoholo ʻole a hoʻomaʻemaʻe paha. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke kaʻina, pono ia e kāpae i nā lako uila āpau me ke koena o nā kānana waho, a laila hoʻomanaʻo e hoʻōla hou.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe piha (hoʻomaʻemaʻe) hoʻomaʻamaʻa piha i ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻōla ka algorithm luku. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā iʻa a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i ka hale noho. Hana i nā mea kanu. E lawe pono iā lākou i mea ʻole ke hōʻino i ka aʻa. Hoʻopiliʻia ka lepo i ka mālama wela a hoʻololi paha i kahi mea hou. Holoi ʻia ka ipu me kahi disinfectant, a laila maloʻo a ma kahi o 24 mau hola. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻolapalapa i ka ʻike.
Kāleka Algae
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka pale ʻana i ka hiʻohiʻona o nā algae ka mea penei:
- E kau ana i ka aquarium ma kahi kūpono, ka nui o ka māmā.
- Ke hana nei i nā kūlana kūpono no ka ulu nui o nā mea uala.
- ʻO ka hoʻohana maʻamau ʻana i nā hua minerala, nā pae kūpono o nā mea ʻona a me nā macro.
- Ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nui o ka hānai. Pono ka ʻoki iʻa maʻa.
- Ke hoʻomau nei i ka maʻemaʻe. Pono pono e wehe i ka pākala mai ke aniani, nā pōhaku, nā statuettes, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana make o nā mea kanu, a pale aku i ka silika nui o ka ʻōpū.
- ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana me ka rula wela. ʻAʻole pono ka wela i ka wai + 24 ... + 26 ° С.
- Ke hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pH ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka kahe o ka ʻikeki.
- ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike o nā mea ola kūlohelohe, e pili ana i ka maʻi kanesa, ma ka hana loiloi mea hana kūloko
- ʻO ka nānāʻana i nā mea kanu no ka maʻi, ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka manawa kūpono nā ana kūpono. Quarantine mea kanu hou a me nā holoholona holoholona.
- ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻai algae e hoʻomalu ai i ka nui o ka lehulehu.
ʻO ka paʻakikī o kēia mau hana e pale aku i ka pono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā meaʻenehana.
Xenococus
ʻO ka waho, ke kūmole ka xenococus ma nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke aniani, ma kahi ʻaluna. Hōʻike i nā mea kanu i kanu i nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu i ka hapalua. ʻO nā kumu o ka hanana: ka nui o ke kukui a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā mīkini.
Heʻa e hakakā ana ka iʻa
ʻIke pinepine ia mau "limahana hana" ma nā hale ʻakena maʻa.
ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe "maikaʻi".
- piʻihuima (parani)
- Nāwahui maʻamau,
- otocinclus (ka māka dwarf), ke koho i nā diatoms.
Hoʻomaʻemae maikaʻi lākou i nā mea āpau me ko lākou kīʻaha inu (film bacterial, fouling mai algae, nā mea ʻano ʻē aʻe nā meaʻokoʻa), e hoʻomaka ana mai nā paia o ka pākana, ka lepo, nā pōhaku a me nā hopena me nā ʻeke a me nā lau nui o nā mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, he mau mea hoʻonaninani loa lākou, ʻo ia kahi kikoʻī.
- No ka laʻana, hiki i kahi pterigoplicht pākeke ke ulu a hiki i 40-45 cm a hoʻomaka e hana hoʻoweliweli i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.
- Me ka lawa ʻole o ka meaʻai, hiki i kekahi poʻe nona nā "kīʻaha inu" hoʻomaka ke hānai iā lākou iho i ka mucus o nā iʻa nui lohi i ka holo ʻia ma lalo o ka uhi o ka pō.
- I kekahi manawa ʻoi ka pīpī, makemake nui e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hōʻino i nā kihi ʻōpio ʻo nā mea kanu a mea mālama paha i nā lau ʻōpio.
- A ke hoʻomaka nei kekahi o kēlā me kēia kanaka e palau a maikaʻi ʻole kā lākou mau hana ".
ʻO ka ʻala Dwarf a i ʻole otocinclus - kahi ega algae mai ka ʻohana iʻa a me nā iʻa a me nā mea ʻona pua. Hiki i kahi hipa o nā iʻa ʻelima e mālama i kahi aquarium 100 lita. "Dwarf" hanana ole, maluhia, hiki ke hele pū me nā mea nui.
"Janitor", hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ʻia, akā ʻaʻole ia i mea i hoʻopunipuni loa: panak aliʻi, no ka ʻohana o ka iʻa cat. ʻO nā iʻa nui, no ka mea e pono ai ʻoe i ka aquarium 200-lita (ʻaʻole emi iho). ʻO ka poʻe'ōpiopio e noho mālie, akā naʻe me ka nui o ka wā e pau kā lākou ʻano. E hui pū me nā characins maluhia. ʻO Panak ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi.
ʻO kahi kīʻaha kīʻaha me ke aniani e hoʻopili i ka fouling mai nā papa.
Garinheyl
Hoʻohui wale kēia ʻohana i ʻekolu mau iʻa o ka iʻa, ka mea kaulana loa i ka girinoheylus.
ʻO ke lehelehe ko lākou mau lehelehe he kīʻaha waiʻuʻu me nā kīwaha ma loko. Hoʻokomo kēia mau manawaleʻu i kahi ʻano "grater".
Mahalo i kēia hoʻolālā, hiki ke paʻa i ka iʻa ma luna o nā pōhaku a me kahi manawa ikaika, ʻoiai e ʻoka ana i nā algae mai ko lākou alo aku.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi kēia meaʻai, no laila, "ʻake" ka nui o ka girinoheylus.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea maikaʻi ʻole
- hoʻopōʻino i nā lau i nāʻu a me nā lua e noho ma hope o ka "ʻohi ʻana".
- ʻAʻole lawa ka nui o nā iʻa e mālama ai i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka wai
- i nā helu he nui, pau a hoʻoweliweli lākou i ko lākou ʻano iho, e like me ka teritori.
He mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka maluhia i waena o lākou. Pono e koho pono ʻia nā wahi noho e ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i ka i ka nehu lohi.
Kāneʻumeʻo
He nui o lākou i ulu pū ka iwi haʻahaʻa a like me kahi ʻalopeke e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kope mai nā pā, lepo a me nā mea kanu.
ʻO ka mea i makemake nui ʻia nā kahu hipa he guppies, mollies, pecilia, a me ka pahi pahikaua. Ke ʻōlelo nei kekahi poʻe kuʻi e hiki i kēia iʻa ke ola me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai ʻai, e ʻai ana wale i ka pae ʻala.
Akā maikaʻi wale nō lākou e like me ke kōkua ʻana i nā mea ʻai ʻē aʻe, no ka mea, ke hōʻole loa nei lākou e ʻai i ka pīpī ʻole.
ʻO ka iʻa lau ʻo Vupipara.
Kālāʻauʻau
ʻO ka meaʻoi loa me ka algae mai kēia ʻohana ʻo ka Siamese algae eater (aka Siamese crossheil, a i ka Siamese crosshelius, a i ʻole Siamese epalceorinchus).
He ʻeleʻele kona alapona a ʻo nā "Vietnamese" a i ʻole ka "ʻumi ʻeleʻele" (he mau ulu lāʻau kēia o nā ʻano ʻeleʻele ma luna o nā pōhaku, nā lau o nā mea kanu a ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopili pū kekahi me nā algae ʻē aʻe i ke ʻano o ka pū, no ka mea i kūpono ka waha i kēia no ka mea. No ka wai 100 aku ka wai māka maikaʻi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi, ʻelua wale nō (ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa) nā mea ʻai alika no Siamese.
ʻO ka pono o kēia mau iʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hana, ka holo ʻoluʻolu, ke ʻano maluhia, kahi liʻiliʻi o ka moku no ke ola maʻamau a me ka mālama pono.
ʻAʻole ʻole nā hemahema. Ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa e lilo ai ma mua o 4 mau kenimika, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaka e ʻai i ka moss Java, inā e ulu ana i ka aquarium, a ʻoi aku ka makemake ma mua o nā algae.
Ua hōʻike ʻia no ka mea e ulu mau ka mea hānai aliki ma Siamese, lilo lākou i mea maʻamau i ka iʻa iʻa a hiki i ka lilo ʻana i ka makemake i ka ʻono.
ʻO kekahi kapa ʻē aʻe o "nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe" mai kēia ʻohana - ʻelua ʻāpana ʻāpana (bicolor) a me ka pua (frenatus). Ke kū nei ko lākou waha waha. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻai lākou i nā algae a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, akā ʻaʻole i ka like ma mua. ʻO ia kā lākou mea ʻoluʻolu, no laila e ʻōlelo ai. ʻO kā lākou mea liʻiliʻi nui e hoʻonui i ka ulu a me ka territoriality e pili ana i nā iʻa a me ko lākou ʻano like ʻole.
Ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo Siamese i kāna ʻano maʻamau. E mālama pono i ka iʻa a hoʻomanaʻo i kona ʻano, e like me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe e kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o kēia inoa inoa i nā hale kūʻai holoholona.
Seaweed Seʻa
Ua kapa pololei ʻia kēlā mau lāʻau kuʻuna i nā wina o ka maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka momona maikaʻi ka wai piha wai launa, nona nā kino e lako me nā "pā" kūikawā.
Poka kēia mauʻu i ka wai a me ka lawe mai loko mai o ka meaʻai i kāwili ʻia, nā palana o nā mea kanu a nā koena o ka poʻe i make. Mālama nā ʻeleʻele i ka lepo a kānana i ka haunaele, ʻo ia hoʻi i kū ai ka manawa like. ʻO ka wahine e wehe i nā meaʻino mai ka lalo o lalo.
Ma kahi o ka kānana ʻana i ka wai, hoʻokaʻawale kēia mau mea i nā limu fluffy mai nā lau o nā mea kanu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau loa, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā iʻa.
- hiki i kahi limu liʻiliʻi ke lawelawe i kahi mea liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā hana,
- no laila he hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa ia i loko o ka hale aku, pono ʻoe e pono ai i nā honu (hoʻokahi ʻokoʻa i hoʻokahi pāhau).
- mea pale aku lākou a hiki ke ʻai ʻia e ka iʻa, ma muli o kahi e pono ai e koho pono ʻia nā hoalauna e pili pono ana, me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā waihona he nui.
Hoʻopili i ka cherry, hakakā maikaʻi nā kūpeʻe Amano hani maikaʻi. ʻO nā pōkele Cladorof e mālama pono a mālama ʻia i ka pae.
Nui! Hoʻokomo ka hopena o ka "hana" i ko lākou nui. ʻOi ka nui o ka honu, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā alakae hiki ke ʻai. ʻEhā mau kenimeterta ʻehā ʻoi loa ka maikaʻi.
ʻEnama 5 o kēia mau ʻāpana i 200 lita. Pono nā ʻekolu kenimika i hoʻokahi kanaka no kēlā me kēia 10 lita wai. Pono nā mea liʻiliʻi e ʻoi aku (1-2 no kēlā me kēia pā). ʻO ke koho hope loa ʻo ka huahana nui loa a keu loa. He mea pono ia e hoʻomaopopo i ʻole kēia mau mea ʻai e ʻai ai i ka xenococcus a me nā algae ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻē aʻe. Hoʻolule ʻole ʻo Blackbeard e hoʻohana.
ʻO kekahi ʻano neocaridins. ʻO lākou i nā maʻamau maʻamau i waena o nā amateurs, no ka mea he maʻalahi ke hoʻohālikelike. He liʻiliʻi lākou, he 1-2 cm wale ka lōʻihi, no laila, e koi ʻia ka nui o nā "pūʻali kaua" (hoʻokahi hoʻokahi no ka pākela). Hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i ka puʻupuʻu palemene palupalu o ke ʻano Rizoclinium. ʻO Neocaridins kahi koho maikaʻi loa no nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu. Hoʻopau lākou i ka mea i hoʻolaʻa hou ʻia, me ke kōkua ʻana e hoʻokū i ka kaulike. I ka pākeke, mālama lākou i ka kaulike.
Spirogyra
He umuhui a palupalu kona lulu. He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻokuʻuʻana i nā algae, ʻoiai e ulu ana i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe ma ka aquarium. ʻO ke kumu no ka ulu nui he nui o ka mālamalama a me ka nele o ka meaʻai. Huli i ke kukui i hui pū me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka iʻa algae-eater a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO Algae hakakā snails
ʻOiai ʻaʻole kūleʻa ka mollusks i ka hana o nā kauoha, ʻo ko lākou ikaika ka hiki ke hoʻopau i ka hoke āpau (ke koena o ka meaʻai, ke ola ʻana a me nā koena o nā poʻe make, nā mea kanu ʻia, ka ʻūhū a me ka pāpaʻi ma nā papa āpau, he kiʻi mai ka wai o ka wai).
A ʻo ka hana maikaʻi a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano ʻano e ʻano ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe o ka lepo a me ka wai.
'O ka mea hewa,' aʻole hiki i ka nui o nā pihele ke hoʻohālikelike, a hoʻopuka nui lākou.
Akā i waena o nā aquarium mollusks aia wale nō ʻaʻole e ulu wale ana i nā pōpoki pīpī. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi o nā ʻalā ke hoʻohālikelike i ka noho pio ʻana, aia kekahi mau hua liʻiliʻi o nā mamo, a he mea hoihoi a nani hoʻi kekahi, no laila, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae wale ʻia i ka hale kūʻai holoholona kokoke, akā e hāʻawi nō paha i kahi mea.
Eia kekahi o nā mea maʻemaʻe maʻamau i loaʻa i nā hale aku home.
Neretina Zebra (tiger snail), neretina hedgehog, neretina ʻeleʻele pepeiao. Hoʻopau lākou i ke kīpē mai ke aniani, nā pōhaku, ka driftwood, nā hale nani a me nā lau nui me ka ʻole e hōʻino iā lākou. ʻAʻohe hele ʻole lākou. Minus - waiho aku i ka masestry ole caviar ma ke aniani o ka loko aku, kahi i hoʻomoʻa ʻole ai nā wai.
I kahi ʻia ʻo Neretina. ^ E Ha yM. Hiki i kēia crumb (1-1,5 cm) ke piʻi i loko o nā wahi i hiki ʻole ke ʻae ʻia a hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou i kahi kukui. E kālai me nā diatoms.
Septaria a i ʻole piʻo me kahi ʻōpala awhi. Paʻa maikaʻi loa, akā, ʻoiai ke hoʻopale maikaʻi nei ia me algal fouling a me Vietnamese. ʻAʻole hana ʻino nā mea kanu. ʻO ka poina ka ʻano ʻona - caviar, kau i luna o ka hiʻohiʻona.
ʻBlelo. ^ E Ha yM. Lē he wahi ʻekolu-kenimeta kēia. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia i ka pōleʻa ma ka melemele ʻelele a i ʻole ke kaulua gula. Kōkua e hoʻokō i ka pohō o ka wai, pohō a me ka pua ʻana, ʻoiai he kānana ia. Hoʻomaopopo kēia i ka mollusk e hele i ka wai ma loko ona (a hiki i 5 lita i hoʻokahi hola!), ʻAi i nā microorganism i loko o ia mea. ʻO ka mea mahalo, aia i loko o nā mea kanu me nā kalakona, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka iʻa i ka ichthyophorosis, no ka mea e hoʻopalike lākou i kā lākou mau pupu. Ma kahi pahu akuʻa o 100 lita āu e pono ai mai ka 1 a 3 o kēia mau suna. Loaʻa nā wahi maikaʻi i ka ʻohi ʻana i ka lepo a me ka ʻalo ʻana i nā mea kanu me nā aʻa nāwaliwali.
Ampullaria. ^ E Ha yM. Wahi a mollusk nui ākea. Kili i nā koena o ka meaʻai, nā iʻa make, a me nā snails, e hoʻoikaika ikaika ana i ka fouling mai nā paia o ka aquarium. ʻO kekahi o nā mea i makemake ʻia, e hoʻopuka i ka nui o nā manawa, no laila pono e hoʻonohonoho i nā kānana ikaika i loko o kahi pahu me kēia sime.
Theodoxus. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia nā liʻiliʻi hōʻuluʻulu wai ʻōpiopio. Nui nā ʻano. Hiki iā lākou ke noho a hiki i nā wai wai a me nā loko paʻakai. Hoʻohana wale lākou i ka faling, makemake i ke kala a me ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ua hoʻokūkū pū lākou me gerinoheyluses no ka mea kiʻekiʻe i ka maikaʻi o ka hakakā ʻana me xenococus. Akā ʻaʻole lākou makemake i ka "ʻumiʻumi". ʻAʻole hōʻino nā mea kanu.
I ka hopena hopena, ʻōlelo mākou he hiki i ke ola kūlohelohe o nā aquarium i kū wale me ke kōkua o ke kanaka. ʻO ke koho kūpono a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pono hana a me nā kukui, ʻo ka hoʻokaʻa kūpono ʻana i ka pōkole, ka mālama maʻamau ʻana i nā ʻāpana wai a me ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana. ʻO nā iʻa, nā ʻeke a me nā ʻōpū i mau mea kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia o ke kaohi o ke algae, ʻaʻole nā mea nui. Heʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ʻaneʻi wale nō mākou i wehewehe wale ai i kekahi mau mālamalama o nā ʻāpana o ka aquarium, no ka mea hoʻokahi i hiki ʻole ke haʻi ʻia mai i nā mea pili i nā mea āpau. E mahalo mākou no nā hoʻohui hoihoi.
ʻO nā hana o ka kāohi a me ka waiho ʻana i nā alikae a me ka aquarium
No nā ʻano āpau o algae, pono ke ala a me ka wehe ʻana.
- koho ʻōpala mau mau i kou mau lima
- holoi i ke aniani
- e hele i ka siphon ma ka papa
- ninini i nā kuʻuna
- hoʻololi i kekahi wai.
Eia kekahi, lawe ʻia ka hakakā e pili ana i nā algae e nā ʻano hana ʻokoʻa.
- ka hoʻoponopono māmā
- kanu nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe,
- ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mea kanu.
E hoʻomanaʻo he lawa ʻole ka mea e hoʻopau wale i nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi, pono ia e hoʻopau i ke kumu o ka ulu nui.
Ksenokokus - kīwī uliuli ma luna o nā paia o ka mea kanu
E hoʻomaka ana me kēia algae i nā mea hoʻomaka a me nā helehelena mua. ʻIke ʻia mai nā kukui kukui ʻona ʻole a i ʻole pono ʻole ke ao. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole ke kuleana i ka lāʻau biomass. Puka ʻia i loko o nā koina, me ka mea kanu lōkahi, a ma kahi kaiola me "ʻekolu hōʻaila".
ʻO ka ʻānō no ka hakakā ʻana me xenocrocus (ʻo ka inoa pololei ʻo kolekheta) i ka laulā: hōʻemi, hoʻoponopono i nā hola ʻona, algicide, hoʻomaʻamaʻa mechanical, kōkua i nā iʻa a me nā mollusks, nā loli pinepine o ka wai.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka iʻa e ʻai ai i nā algae
Hoʻokumu i nā holoholona ʻoi e ʻai i ka flora lalo i ka hui pū me nā hana ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā holoholona mālama:
- Siamese kahe al ewa. ʻAi ʻia ka kaula, xenococus and diamate algae. Hoʻololi pinepine pinepine ia i ka Vietnamese a me kahi ʻumi ʻeleʻele inā ʻaʻohe meaʻai ʻē aʻe.
- ʻO nā cichlids Malawian. ʻAi lākou i ka manikele uliuli, akā hiki pū lākou i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe.
- Soma (nā aliʻi, nā otocincluses, plataraomy). ʻOiai maikaʻi i ka hakakā me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo a me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo, akā i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo eʻai i nā lau lau o ka anubias a me nā lemongrass.
- Pau nā huaʻai (horned, ampullaria, hīmeni, coils, neretins). Palapala ʻia a nā palaka a me nā filamentous, ʻo ia hoʻi a me ka holomoana, kahi paʻakikī ke hoʻokaʻawale, ʻai.
- Nā iʻa Viviparous (guppies, swordsmen, mollies, pecilia). Kāhu me nā ulu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me kaʻula.
- ʻO ka ʻili Amano - kōkua i ka hakakā ʻana me ke kaula.