ʻO Saiga lāua ʻo Saiga nā inoa kāne a wahine wahine no kekahi o nā ʻōpū o nā antelope. Noho ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi, pili i ka nui o nā holoholona. Manaʻo pono ʻia ʻo Saigas me kekahi o nā momi kahiko ma ka lewa. Ua ola lākou i hoʻokahi haneli a keu aku mau makahiki, ola i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ikaika, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke loli, hiki iā lākou ke ʻano. Akā ka manawa i ka wā o kona manawa, ua loli ka honua i kēia manawa a ke kau nei nā saigas ma kahi o ka hoʻopau ʻana. Mai ka hele mai ana nā ʻano saiga i kahi lōʻihi loa, aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e hoʻohālikelike nei i ka ʻano like o ka holoholona a ʻokoʻa nō i nā kūlike mai ka moʻomeheu genus.
Hoʻoiho ʻo kaiga he holoholona holoholona nani, hiki iā ia ke aloha manu aloha. ʻO kēia ʻano, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka mea hulihulu a i ʻole antelope, e hoʻokaʻawale loa ia i nā ʻike o waho. Aia ka nui i ka nui, ulu a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1.5 mika ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ulu a kiʻekiʻe i kahi mika i ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o kā lākou mau hoa. Ke pāpaʻi nei ʻo Saigas i 25 a 40 kg. Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kino, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka ʻōpū poepoe. ʻO ka ʻihi ke pokole, a hiki i 10 cm, uhi ʻia me ka huluhulu. Ua lahilahi nā wāwae, e kūʻē i ke kiʻi o ke kino ākea ke nānā nei lākou i ka pōkole. Hoʻopau me nā pālua pālua i nā manamana lima ʻelua. Ke hele ʻana i ka lepo, hoʻākoʻi nā manamana lima, e waiho ana i kahi ala o 6-8 cm, e like me ka naʻau neʻe. ʻO ka ʻāʻī he elongated, lahilahi, he kakaka. ʻAʻole nunui ka poʻo, e pili ana i 30 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka ihu kekahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o ka saigas. Me kēia palapala hiki ʻole ke hoʻokūkala. Lōʻihi, hoʻomaka, kiʻekiʻe, kau ma luna o ka lehelehe ma luna. Ke kau nei ia, no ka mea ke pau me ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. He pālahalaha hoʻi, e hoʻomohala i kahi hump o ke poʻo, ʻoi aku ka like me kahi ʻāpana. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o lalo loa he neʻe loa, hiki ke huli i nā ʻaoʻao a kū i mua.
He ʻano ʻēheie ka hihi āpau i mea e ʻoi aku ka maopopo o ka male ʻana o nā holoholona. He maʻalahi, nā kāne he pū nā pepeiao, akā ʻaʻole nā wāhine. ʻAʻohe pū liʻiliʻi nā wahine wahine i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā kāne i nā ulu e like me ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo. Ke ulu iki ana lākou, piolo iki, akā mai pānaʻi. Ua nāhele loa nā hope. Kūkulu ʻia me nā lepa ulu wale mai ka lalo, a i waena a i ʻole i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kaila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka melemele a me ka ʻili o nā poʻo. E ulu ana nā liona ma ke ʻano he ʻelua.
Hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kapa i loko o kēia mau artiodactyls i nā ʻāpana. ʻO ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo heʻokoʻa ia. I ka manawa mahana, ʻaʻole ʻoi loa kona lōʻihi ma mua o 2 cm, he ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele ke kala. ʻEleʻele nā ʻaoʻao a me ke kua, ʻo nā wāwae, ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻōpū, ka ʻōpū, a me ke kua i mama, keʻokeʻo. Holoi nā pōpoki i ke poʻo holoʻokoʻa, nā ʻāpana, nā lehelehe, ka ihu a me ka nene hoʻi. I ka hoʻoilo, ua lilo ke kala i ka mama, e pili ana i ke kaiapuni. Hoʻohui ʻia nā kīpaha i 6-7 cm e hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ke kino. He hina a he keʻokeʻo ʻo ia. Ua waiho ʻia a lele ʻia kahi saigas i loko o ka hau ma kahi e ʻike ʻole ai ka mea nāna i hilo. Hoʻololi ka hoʻololi o ka lole i ka hāʻule a me ka pūnāwai.
ʻĀina Saiga
Inā ʻoe e nānā ana i ka saiga e hele ana ma ke alaahi, e kūleʻa ana paha ua ʻōwili nei. ʻO nā mea hoʻoiho āna, ʻaʻole ia e hana i ka'īlio a me nā wīwī. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā wāwae i luna, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke poʻo i luna a i mua. Inā pilikia ka ola o ka holoholona, hiki i ka mea hiki ke wikiwiki ke holo, a ʻo ka nui o ka kuhikuhi wikiwiki - a hiki i ka 70 km i hoʻokahi hola. Akā ua hāʻawi kēia i ka ʻike maikaʻi a me nā ʻāina ākea o ka pālahalaha. ʻO ke ʻano kino o ke kino, kūlohelohe a me nā wāwae manawaleʻa, ʻōlelo iki aʻe ʻo ka saigas, ʻaʻole ia ʻo nā mākeke nui loa o ka honua holoholona. Hiki iā lākou ke holo wikiwiki me 10-13 km, a laila paluhi lākou. Hoʻohui ʻia kekahi o nā mea lawaiʻa maikaʻi e hiki ke hele i nā muliwai ākea.
Ka leo Saiga
E kamaʻilio nui lākou me nā leo hoʻāho. I ke kūlana mālie, mālie lākou, pōkole, i nā manawa pōpilikia - leo nui a lōʻihi. Kōkua hoʻi ka leo i ka ihu. Hiki i nā holoholona ke snort, sniff, snore. Hoʻokomo ʻo Males i nā hoʻokūkū, hāāheʻe lākou i kā lākou mau ihu i loko o ka ʻōpū i ka wā hana. ʻO kēia ka mea hiki ke pale i nā hōʻuluʻulu kino.
ʻ historylelo mōʻī
Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema e ʻike a ʻimi ana i nā koena o nā holoholona, noho ka saiga i ka wā o ka mammoth, a ke kīloʻi aku kona wahi noho mai ʻEulopa a Siberia a me Alaska. ʻAʻole i like me kā lākou mau kala nui, saigas, a i kapa ʻia lākou - ʻo ka Kalmyk a i ʻole ʻākau huli ʻākau, i ola i ka wā paʻakikī. Maikaʻi maikaʻi a me nā fecundity i kēia. Ma mua, ua nui ka nui o kēia mau artiodactyls; ʻo lākou ka poʻe nui o ka poʻe hele wāwae. Pēlā a hiki i ka 17 kenekulia AD. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka nā mea hopu e hānai i nā holoholona hihiu like. ʻO ke ʻano o ka pīpī, ka make wai no ka loaʻa kālā ma nā ʻōpala, a hiki i kahi pehu. ʻAʻole hou ʻia ka Saigas; ua luku ʻia e ka tausani. I nā kenekulia 20, lawe koke ʻo ia i nā pale i kēia mau mea i lalo o ka palekana, me ka manaolana e hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana. Ua lilo ka nohona i nui nā kānaka, ua palena iki ka nui.
ʻElua mau subspecies o kēia antelope:
- Saiga Tatar (ʻōmaʻomaʻo). ^ E Ha yM. He uliuli ka inoa inoa, ʻaʻohe mea e pili ana i ka helehelena. Hōʻike ka hōʻike i ka ʻāina, kahi kanaka i ʻoluʻolu loa. Noho lākou ma ka palena o Rūsia, Kazakhstan, i nā pākaukau me nā mea kanu. ʻO ka helu e like me nā pahuhopu 50,000.
- Saiga Mongolian. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kona mau hoa, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā subspecies ma mua o 1000 mau pahuhopu. Noho lākou i ka ʻāina Mongoli, kokoke i nā wao. He haʻahaʻa loa ia i kekahi hoahele e nā ʻāpana.
KA MEA KULA
ʻO ke kauwela, ka hoʻoilo a me ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o ka saigas e hānai i nā ʻano mea kanu, perennials a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole lākou makaʻu i ka hoʻokūkū mai nā puʻupaʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu a lākou e ʻai ai no nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe he mea ʻawaʻawa a ʻono ʻole paha. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu succulent, e hoʻopiha i ka saasas i ko lākou pono no ka wai, no ka manawa lōʻihi ka manawa hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka wai ʻole.
Hōʻailona a me kahi noho no ka saigas
ʻOiai kekahi mau kenekulia mau makahiki i hala, ua uhi ka pae i nā ʻāina o nā ʻāina he nui, i kēia manawa, e uhi ana nā kulu i nā wahi liʻiliʻi ma Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, a me Kyrgyzstan. Ma Lūkia, aia ka nui o lākou i Kalmykia, no laila kapa ʻia ka inoa antelope Kalmyk, ma kahi liʻiliʻi loa i Altai a me Astrakhan.
ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Saigas e noho i waenakonu o nā mea kanu nui, pono lākou i ka nui o ka wai i ke kauwela kauwela, makemake lākou e noho i kahi e noho ai nā kānaka. ʻO kā lākou makemake e hāʻule i nā lewa ākea, nā pāpū, nā ʻāina wao nahele a me nā wahi nahele. ʻO ka lepo maʻa mau ka lepo, he pōhaku a pāpū paha, pāpaʻi, ʻaʻohe pihi a me nā puʻu. Nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi, mau nahele, mau lāʻau maloʻo maloʻo, nā mea kanu. I kēlā mau kūlana, ʻoluʻolu nā mea a pau e pale aku. Eia kekahi, kahi ʻano hopohopo i nā kūlana ola e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi mau i ka wahi. Holo pinepine nā pua o saigas me ke kū ʻole ma kahi a pau. I ka hoʻoilo, waiho lākou i nā wahi hina, a i ke kauwela ua neʻe lākou i nā ʻāpana i ke ala, kokoke loa i nā kumu wai.
Ke hele nei ka hele ʻana mai kahi lele. Ke alakaʻi nei kekahi alakaʻi i ka pipi, nāna e hoʻoholo i ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe a me ke alahele. Hiki i nā saigas Hardy ke huakaʻi i kahi mamao a hiki i 200 km i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua makaʻu kēlā holoholona i kēia manawa ma hope o nā ʻohana. ʻO nā maʻi a me nā ʻalemai holo ʻole hoʻi e holo i ka palena, e make pinepine ana i ka luhi. ʻO ke kuhikuhi o ka neʻe i ka zamo - hema, i ke kauwela kauwela e hele ma ke kūkulu ʻākau. Ke hele mai nā ala o nā hui holoholona ʻē aʻe, hōʻuluʻulu ʻia kā lākou hōʻemi.
NA LOAE ANA SAIKA
Mālama ʻo Saigas i nā haneli a i ʻole mau tausani kau mau kauahiahi i nā kiʻina ʻole hope loa a me nā wahi mua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO ke kahuhipa o kēia mau nēnū e holele mau ana i ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ke neʻe nei nā holoholona ma ka wikiwiki o ka 6 km / h a holo i kahi 50 km i ka lā. ʻO ka holo pinepine ʻana o saigas i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai kūpono, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea makaʻu e holo pōwili ʻia i ke keʻokeʻo. Inā loli kūlohelohe ke ʻano o ka wā, hoʻonui koke lākou i ka wikiwiki. Hiki ke holo i Saigas ma ka wikiwiki o 60 km / h.
Ke hoʻokokoke nei ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka ka poʻe liʻiliʻi e hui me nā hui nui a hui pū i ka hema i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā momona momona. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o ka wā lūlū, uhi nā saigas i kahi mamao o 250 a 400 km. I ka wā o nā hukalulu, kahi hapa nui o nā holoholona i hele mai i nā wahi e noho aliʻi ai nā mea like, e neʻe mau ana i ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe.
He aha nā meaʻai ma kaiga
He momona nui ka Saigas. ʻO ka meaʻai kā lākou mea maoli ma lalo o ko lākou mau wāwae. ʻAi lākou i nā mea āpau e ulu a loloa. ʻOiai e neʻe ana, ʻōlohelohe kēia mau holoholona i ka mea kanu. ʻO ka pono kūpono no ka meaʻai no kēlā pākeke he 5 kg o nā greens i kēlā me kēia lā. Mālama lākou i ka pono o ka wai ma muli o ka makulu mai ka lau like ʻole. Hoʻopili i kahi wela, e hoʻomaka ana ma ka hopena o ka puna, ua neʻe lākou i kahi ʻāina i momona i loko o nā pūnāwai.
ʻO nā mea kai eʻai ai:
- ʻĀkau, tulip
- Lakalaha, Kermeku
- Fescue, mauʻu palaoa
- Steppe lichen
- Ephedra, ʻāwau.
ʻAʻole kēia ka papa inoa piha, no ka mea ʻo nā inoa o nā mea kanu, nā pua, nā mea kanu e kūpono i ka meaʻai, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka haneri.
Nā Piʻeha a me nā ʻenemi
I ka ʻenemi mua ka wili a ka ʻōpala. He holoholona ikaika a ikaika nō hoʻi. Inā e hoʻouka ʻia, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā pale wale nō i nā lele, nā pu a me nā hooves. Ke hele hewa nei i nā pūʻulu, e alualu nā ʻīlio iā lākou i nā pipi, e kali a hiki māluhiluhi kekahi, hoʻomaka i ka hāʻule ʻana ma hope, ua kī ʻia i nā ʻohana. Holo pū lākou pū i ka wahine e kahe ana o nā kāne a nāwaliwali no ka huki. Hoʻopilikia nui kēia poʻe kuhi i ka nui o ka artiodactyls. Akā, aia nō kekahi mau mea aloha e leʻaleʻa i ka ʻai saiga. ʻO kahi mākaʻikaʻi kēia o nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio. Ua ʻae lākou i ka ulu ʻōpiopio. ʻO ka hapanui o nā pēpē e hiki ke lilo i mau pōpoki o nā alopeke, aeto.
ʻO kahi pilikia ʻē aʻe e hoʻoweliweli ana i nā helu saiga a ʻoi aku ma mua o ka poʻe predator he maʻi. ʻO kēia mau maʻi nui i ka hoʻoili koke ʻia ma waena o nā kānaka, e hoʻoiho i ka mumū o ka ʻili, nā ʻili, a me ka hoʻoemi ʻana i ka ʻike. ʻAʻohe holoholona maʻi haki e kali no ke kōkua. Make loa ka make nui.
Pahu a keiki
ʻO ka wā hana, e like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka artiodactyls, ʻaʻole i pau me ka ʻole o ka huki ʻana. Hiki mai kēia manawa me ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo. Ua lohi a hoʻonāukiuki ʻo Sa rut. ʻAe mau ʻōpio, uaʻai lākou i nā manawa a pau e ʻimi ai i kahi wahine a i nā hakakā. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā koleke, nā pepeiao ʻoi loa e haʻalele i nā hōʻeha hohonu. Akā i kekahi manawa aia lilo nā mea a puni ka honua. E hoʻokūkū ʻo Males me kā lākou hē nui. Hana lākou i nā leo nui e hoʻoholo i ka mea lanakila i ka wā e haʻalele ai kekahi o nā mea hoʻokūkū. ʻO ka kāne ikaika e ʻākoakoa a puni iā lākou i kahi hui o 10 a 50 wahine. Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia lākou e pale mau iā lākou, e pale i ko lākou kuleana mai nā mea hoʻokūkū.
Noho ʻo ke keiki e pili ana i 5 mau mahina. No ka nui o nā wahine i lawe i ka hua, hana lākou i kā lākou pipi a hele i ka ʻae. E koho lākou i nā wahi nondescript ma kahi kokoke i ka wai, ʻo ia ka mea e hana ʻole ai nā mea predator. E hānau pololei i ka honua. I ka hānau mua, ʻaʻohe keiki o mua ma mua o ka pēpē, a laila mai ka 2 a i 3 ka hānau keiki. ʻO nā lā mua, kūleʻa nā pahu i ka lepo, lurking no ka ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā poʻe wānana. Hōʻai ʻo makuahine i kahi kokoke, hele mai iā lākou a hānai i ka waiū 3-4 i ka lā hoʻokahi. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, ua ikaika nā pēpē e hahai i ko lākou makuahine a me kā lākou kahu. Hoʻomaka kūʻokoʻa me ka mea kanu i ka wā ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa.
ʻO ke kūlana Saiga a me ka waiwai lawaiʻa
Ua ʻae ʻia ka nui o ka safas i ka poʻe ke ʻimi manu ʻole iā lākou. Akā ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pana ʻana a me ka helu o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻano he nui i lilo ai i mea e hōʻole ʻia ai ka hopu ʻana i mea e ola ai ka holoholona. ʻO ka kaulana o nā saigas e pili ana i kā lākou mau pepeiaohao nui a me nā hooves. Hōʻike ʻia nā mau hōʻola maoli ʻole iā lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi i hōʻike ʻia i ka ʻatikala o nā poʻe he anu. ʻO ke kālai ʻana i ka hopu ʻana i alakaʻi ai ka nui o ka lehulehu e holo nui ana i nā wahi ākea o ka pā, a me ka helu o nā pahuhopu ua hiki aku i 2 - 2,5 miliona. No laila ua ʻae hou ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ka mea e piʻi ai ke kī ʻana i nā saigas i nā tausani he ʻumi. Ua alakaʻi kēia i kēia kūlana kaumaha o ka lehulehu. Ua pale hou ʻia nā holoholona. Ka nānā ʻia kā lākou mau helu, lilo nā wahi palekana i ko lākou mau wahi. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou no ka hoʻopu ʻana i nā zoza a me nā mālama.
Meaʻai meaʻai
ʻOno loa ka ʻiʻo kīʻai, akā pono e kuke pono ʻia. Ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana iā ia i ka hana wela, pono ʻoe e hoʻomoʻi maikaʻi. Hana ʻia kēia me ka mea ʻawaʻawa. E hānai mau ka holoholona i nā mea kanu, ʻoiai nā nāhelehele a me nā mea make wai. Lawe ka ʻai i ke kīhaha o ke ʻano ʻawaʻawa, he maʻalahi ia e hōʻalo, e mālama ana i ka hana i ka pō pō i ka wai anuanu. Eia kekahi, me ka ʻiʻo hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kekahi mau paʻi a me nā improvisations. E hele maikaʻi ana me kekahi huahana, kūpono no nā kaʻina a me ke kaʻina ʻana. Hiki iā ia ke kakalī, kao, ʻūlī, ka pulapalapa, e hoʻomoʻa i nā ʻāpana nui, hana i ka chops a me ka palaoa.
ʻOi no ka ʻikea kalolo a me nā mea kemikohu, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka huahana me kekahi meaʻai e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻai i ka ʻai. ʻAʻole ʻōmole ia, loaʻa nā lako momona, nā huaora a me nā minela. Loaʻa nā huaora o nā hui B1-2-4-6-9, PP, D, F. No nā minuke, he mau pāpaʻi, kalasi, calcium, fluorine, hao, zinc, keleawe, sodium, a me ka chlorine. Kēia mea hoʻohui i hoʻohui ʻia no ka huahana.
Manaʻo ia eʻoi aku ka nui o ka saigas i ka palena palekana, i hiki iā mākou keʻai i kekahi manawa i loko o nā kīʻaha maikaʻi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka ʻiʻo o kēia holoholona.
Kālā
Ma hope o ka hapanui o ka Late Valdai, noho ʻo Saigas mai ke komohana mamao o ʻEulopa, e komo pū ana me nā mokupuni Pelekane, a hiki i waena o Alaska a me ke komohana komohana. I nā senekulia XVII-XVIII, noho nā kaila i nā kihi āpau a me nā wahi hoʻi mai nā ʻaoʻao mai o nā Carpathians ma ke komohana a hiki i Mongolia a me Kina komohana ma ka hikina. I kēlā mau lā, ua hōʻea i ka ʻākau i Kiev a me kahi laiki o Baraba o Siberia. Eia nō naʻe, i ka lua o ka hapa o ka makahiki XIX, ua holo koke ka poʻe i loko o nā wahi i hōʻike ʻia, a ua nalowale ka saiga mai Europa. ʻO ka nui a me ka nui o nā saigas ma Asia kahi i hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi ʻia. A ʻo ka hopena, ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20, mālama ʻia ʻo ia i ʻEulopa ma nā wahi mamao loa o ka paʻu o ka wai o Volga, a ma ʻAsia - a me Ustyurt, i Betpak-Dal, i ka lihi o Ili - Karatal (nā Pālani o Saryesik-Atyrau), i nā awāwa o nā loko komohana o Mongolia. a me kekahi mau wahi e.
Ua ukali ʻia nō hoʻi me ka emi ʻana o nā helu a me ka aneane pau ʻana o nā saigas i nā makahiki 1920, akā hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano i hana ʻia e pale ai a me nā kiʻekiʻe o nā saigas, nā kānaka i hoʻi hou a i ka makahiki 1950 ka nui o ka 2 miliona mau kānaka e noho ana i nā alahele a me nā semi-desses o ka US US mua. I kekahi manawa, hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā hui kōkua holoholona, e like me ka World Wildlife Fund, e ʻimi ana i ka lawaiʻa saiga, e kāhea ana i ko lākou mau pū i kahi nui no nā pūlani rhino. Ua emi hou ka heluna o ka poʻe i kēia manawa, aia i kēia manawa na kaila ka papa inoa o nā holoholona maʻi maʻi i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e ka World Conservation Union. I kēia manawa, kahi o 70,000 kaila poʻe e pili ana i nā subspecies Saiga tatarica tatarica a noho i Rusia (North-Western Caspian), ʻekolu mau ʻāina o Kazakhstan (Volga-Ural Sands, Ustyurt a me Betpak-Dala) a me ʻelua mau wahi mahele o Mongolia (Shargin) i ola. Wahi a Gobi a me Manhan somona). Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Black Earth Reserve i ka Repubalika o Kalmykia (Russia) i ka makahiki 1990 e mālama i ka heluna saiga e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o North Caspian. ʻO nā kānaka ma Mongolia kahi subspecies - Saiga tatarica mongolica a ʻo kēia mau helu e pili ana i 3,500 kanaka.
I kēia manawa, aia wale ʻo Moscow Zoo i nā saiga, ʻo nā zoos ma San Diego lāua ʻo Cologne kekahi i kā lākou mea i kā lākou mau kolamu. Aia nā hoʻolālā e hana hou i ka saiga ma ke kahawai Siberia ʻākau ma kahi o ka papahana ʻo Pleistocene Park.
ʻO 2010 ma ka Republic of Kalmykia ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka makahiki o ke Saiga.
Hōʻike moʻolelo
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, ʻo nā saigas ke kumuhana o ka lawaiʻa koʻikoʻi i nā ʻāpana nui o Kazakhstan, ma kahi kokoke i ke Kai Aral. Hōʻike ka Brockhaus a me Efron Encyclopedia i nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī o ka huno huno:
S. ka pelo i loko o ka nui o ke kauwela, i ka wela i ka wā o ka luhi i ka hakakā ʻana me nā mea ʻino e hōʻeha nei iā lākou - nā midges, gadflies, a me ka huaʻō o ke kelepona e ulu ana i lalo o ko lākou kino, ʻaʻole ka loaʻa ka hoʻomaha, ua lilo ʻo S. i ka ʻeha a like ʻole me ka hehena ua holo aku la ma ke alaloa, a i ole like me na kanaka palaka e ku ana ma kahi hookahi a eli iho i na lua (cobla) me na palu, a laila moe iho la lakou iloko olaila, e huna ana i ko lakou ihu malalo o ko lakou mau ihu mua, alaila, pii aku la lakou a pahu i ko lakou wahi, i kela mau hora ana o S. ". ", E nalowale ana kā lākou mālama pono ʻana, a maʻa mai nā mea lawaiʻa iā lākou pana. Holo ʻia ʻo Kyrgyz huners S. i kā lākou mau hoa, ka poʻe e moe ana me nā pu, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ke kokoke o nā punawai, a i ʻole nā pūlima puaʻi i kipa ʻia i loko o kahi ala e iho ai ʻo S. i kahi i ka wai, a laila nānā aku lākou iā lākou ma nā alahele, ma nā kahawai kahawai, mākana lākou iā lākou. lua a me luna o ka hau hau, kahi e hiki ole ai i S. ke pakele. ʻO kekahi mau mea e hānai ana lākou i nā ʻīlio Baikal me kā karategin greyhounds (basins), kahi i ʻike ʻia e ka ʻōpala koʻikoʻi, hele ka poʻe hahai hewa i kēlā ʻimi ma kēlā me kēia, i kēlā me kēia mea he pā leʻa i ka pā, me ka ʻike ʻana iā S., ʻo kekahi o ka poʻe lawaiʻa e holo mua ma mua o nā pua, a ʻo kekahi ʻē aʻe e hele ana ma 5-8 mau mile. e ʻae ana ka ʻīlio mua i nā ʻīlio iā ia a lawe i ka holoholona i ka lua o ka mea hahai, e kali ana iā S., e ʻae i kāna ʻīlio, a hopu hou i ka poʻe nāu o ka hana mua. Kūlima lākou i ka manawa me S. me ka ʻaeto gula. Haka nā wahine Kyrgyz i kekahi mau wahine hāpai i ka wā e hānau ai a hopu ʻia lākou i nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, e hānai ʻia nā mea hope me kahi kao hale a ulu kīwī. ʻO ka ʻiʻo S. Make i kahi kīʻaha maikaʻi o ke kīpē, nā pu i ka waiwai nui o ke kālā kālā, a ʻo ka ʻili ka maikaʻi loa no ka hana ʻana i nā kuʻuna (ergaks). He ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻena o nā ʻōpio S. ʻōwili, me nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, paʻu, nani, nā pepeiaohao o S. kahiko he hina-ʻula, opaque, me nā paila lōʻihi. He pōkole a pōkole ʻo Wool S., hele i nā huahana hale ʻokoʻa. ʻOi ka nui o ka lawaiʻa saiga ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20, a ʻo ka nui o nā pepeia i hoʻopiʻi ʻia i hōʻea i nā kaukani he mau tausani ma luna o ka makahiki 1894-1896. ʻO nā pilikia nui o kēia lawaiʻa ka hana ʻana ia i ka wā wela, ma muli o he mea pono e lawe nā miners e lawe i ka paʻakai a me nā ʻolika me lākou a me ka paʻakai i ka holoholona i ʻoki ʻia i ka wahi e lawaiʻa ai.
KA HOOMAHA O SAIGAS
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānai o nā saigas i Dekemaba. I kēia manawa, hōʻiliʻili nā kāne i kēlā me kahi wahine i piha i ka 4-6, a i kekahi manawa mai nā wahine wahine 15-20. ʻO nā kāne makua ka hakakā ma luna o nā wahine. I kēia manawa, hoʻonui ka proboscis o nā kāne, a me nā hiʻona ʻulaʻula me kahi hanu pungent e kahe mai nā pūpū i pili i nā maka, e ʻike ai nā kāne i kēlā me kēia i ka pō.
Loaʻa nā wahine ʻo Saiga i ka wā wili o ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ia ke kumu i koho pinepine ai nā kāne pākeke me nā wahine hānai 8-9-mahina i hala i ka wā ʻōpiopio. ʻAno nui ka pīhoihoi kāne ma Saiga wahine a me ka lawaiʻa ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻai no ka mea ʻaʻole lawa ka manawa e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai. Ma hope o ka wā e moe ai, ua pau ka male a palupalu nā kāne a make kekahi o lākou. ʻO ka poʻe i pakele i hui pū ʻia i kā lākou poʻe bipi a i ʻole hana i nā hui "bachelor" hoʻokaʻawale.
Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻihoʻi nā wahine i nā mahi ʻai kauwela. ʻIke lākou i nā ʻāpana pāpū loa o ka hehi wāwae i nui me ka mauʻu haʻahaʻa, ke ʻike ʻia nei nā lā ʻenemi mai kahi mamao aku. ʻEkolu mau wahine ma waho o ka ʻehā e hānau i nā māhoe. He luhi ka hānau hānau ʻana he 1 a 3 mauʻu. ʻO ka pinepine o nā wahine, ka poʻe e lawe mai i ka hua, i kū i nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "nā māka maʻa". Ma ka hekahi 1 hectare, ma ka awelika, hiki ke 5-6 i nā keiki hou. ʻO ka pēpē ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana a lele i ko lākou mau wāwae a hoʻomaka e holo, akā i nā lā mua o ke ola kā lākou moe piha ʻana i nā papa lepo piha, ka hui pū me lākou. He mea paʻakikī ke nānā aku i kēlā mau pahu a ma kahi lōʻihi he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau kaʻe.
HE KAHIKI LAHUI
Nui e hoʻohiki ai i nā holoholona. Mea pio nā mea pōkole ma nā saigas no ka ʻiʻo, nā mea huna a me nā pū.
I ka wā kahiko, holo ʻo Saigas i nā holoholona nui ma nā wahi ākea o ʻEulopa a me Asia. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia XX, ua aneane pau loa lākou. Eia naʻe, saigas, noʻeau, ua mālama ʻia. I kēia mau tausani o kā lākou mau tausani huakaʻi e hele nei i loko o nā ʻāpana o Kazakhstan a me Rūhia hema, akā ma Mongolia lākou, e like me ka wā ma mua. Aia nā holoholona i ka nui o ka nui - a i ke kiʻekiʻe o 80 cm, lōʻihi o ke kino - a hiki i 120 cm. Noho lākou i loko o nā papahō, nā wao nahele a me nā neʻe mua-semi. ʻO ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, hiki i ka wikiwiki ke hiki ke 70 km no ka hola.
KA MOOLELO KAHIKI PILI ANA I SAIGA.
- Mai ka 1840 a 1850, ua kūʻai aku nā mea kūʻai Lūkini ʻelua ma kahi o 350,000 mau pūlima.
- ʻOiai ka mālama mau ʻana o nā saigas i nā haneli a i ʻole mau mano he nui, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻoponopono i nā wahi hana.
- Hoʻohana ʻia ka proboscis e nā saigas i nā makahiki āpau - i ka wā hele me kāna kōkua me lākou e kānana i ka lepo, a i ka hoʻoilo ka hoʻoilo lākou i ka ea hau maloo lākou e hanu ai.
- ʻO Saiga kāne, pale ʻana i nā mele, e kaua no ka ola, akā no ka make, i ka ʻike maoli o ka ʻōlelo. Ka make o ka nui o lākou i ka wā hana.
- He mea paʻakikī loa ka ulu ʻana o nā saigas ma nā kīwaha, no ka mea, ʻo nā holoholona makaʻu ʻia e holo wīwī me ka wikiwiki loa, ʻaʻole i kaawale i nā alanui.
HUI E KAKAHI KEOKE SAIGAK
Kauwe: palaka melemele ke kauwela a he melemele-ʻulaʻulaʻula, a i ka hoʻoilo he māmā a, he hina-hina. Hoʻomaikaʻi ka lōʻihi o ka lauoho ma luna o ka hoʻoilo. I nā kāne, i ka wā hānai, ulu ka mane ma ka'ā'ī.
ʻAno: ulu ulu wale i nā kāne. Hoʻokuʻu loa ʻia ʻoi aku me ke kakiki e like me ke kakiki. Kūkākūkō ʻia nā ʻōlule, waxy māmā. ʻO ka hapa he nui o nā kuʻina.
Poʻo: palu i kāʻohi ʻia i kahi puʻu ākea e loaʻa ana kahi proboscis palupalu e lana ana ma luna o ka waha. I ka wā moe, hoʻonui ʻia ka proboscis o nā kāne.
Limbs: ke kiʻekiʻe a lahilahi a hoʻopau, a hoʻopau i nā manamana lima ʻelua a me nā hooves (neʻe nā artiodactyls).
- Loaʻa Saiga
MAUI IA SAIGAH noho
Noho ʻo Saiga ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia ma kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o Rūsia, ma Mongolia a me Kina. I ka kenekulia XVII, ua komo ka palena komohana o kāna wahi i ka Carpathians.
KAHAIOLA
I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 a me ka 19 ma mua o nā kenekulia, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā saigas me ka pau ʻole. Mai ka makahiki 1919, pale ʻia ka saiga. Ua hoʻonui ka nui o nā saigas i 1,3 miliona mau kānaka, akā noho lākou a noho i kahi palena.