ʻO nā ʻāpana Pākī a i ʻole ʻĀina Kīwīwī subspecies ʻo ka ʻohana salmon o ka ʻohana hina. Mai ka inoa mai kahi ʻano o kēia ʻano ʻano. ʻO ka hina ʻana o ʻEulopa, e noho ana i nā kīʻaha o nā muliwai o nāʻaoʻao ʻākau a he mea maʻamau loa ia mai Farani a me Great Britain a puni ʻo West Siberian Plain.

I kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa ua pale ʻia ma muli o nā helu liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano manuahi.

Hōʻike manaʻo no ka loiloi:

ʻO ke kūlana ola

ʻIke ʻia ka wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo o loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe ma nā kahawai kahe me kahi papa pōhaku. ʻAʻole pono ka wai o ka wai i ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela ma kahi o ʻumikūmālua ʻumikūmālua. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i nā loko wai hou.

ʻO ke kauwela ke kau nei lākou ma luna o nā kahe kahawai, a i ka hoʻoilo ke hele i loko o nā wai hohonu. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ʻo Grayling i nā mea i haumia ʻia - ʻo ia ke kumu e hōʻemi ai i ko lākou heluna kanaka.

I nā wai nui o ka wai, ua noho lākou mai ke kahakai, a ʻaʻa wale a kokoke i ke kakahiaka nui a i ke kakahiaka paha. Ma ka pale, pani ka hina ʻana ma lalo o nā lālā o nā lāʻau i ka wai a i lalo paha ma waena o nā pōhaku a me nā mea kanu.

E neʻe ana i ka hāmi ʻana i ka wā e ʻimi ai i ka hopu ʻana i ka lawaiʻa e pono ai.

Kāleka

Manaʻo nui ka poʻe ichthyologists e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hina ʻana o ʻEulopa i nā mea nani o nā ʻohana salmon. Hōʻike ke kiʻi i kahi pā leʻa nani, i uhi ʻia me nā kiʻi, a me ke kua aʻe.

Hōʻike ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia iʻa i nā kūlana o ia e ulu ai: nā hiʻohiʻona o ka kaila, ke kauwela a me ka oxygen saturation o ka wai.

Inā kūpono ʻole nā ​​kūlana ola, hiki i kahi hinaʻelemakule ma ke ʻano he ʻehiku o hiki ke hele aku i hoʻokahi kilokilo. No ka papa hoʻohālike ʻia ʻo Transbaikal.

I nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i ka iʻa ke kaupaona i ʻeono kilokilo a hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka hapa o ka hapalua mika. Aia nā moʻi nunui ma waena o ka Ordinary a me ke hina hina.

Hoʻopilikia ka noho i ka noho i ke kala o nā iʻa a me nā hiʻohiʻona hana o ke kino.

ʻAi ʻia a me ka ʻike pili e pili ana i ka hina ʻana o ʻEulopa.

Hoʻohui a ʻĀina Hoʻolāleʻa ʻEleʻele (Thymallus thymallus) - nā iʻa ʻōmole waiola o ka ʻohana salmon, kahi ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻano ʻano me ka launa nui a me nā niho liʻiliʻi. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ʻana i nā subspecies e kona waha nui; ʻaʻohe mānaʻu ʻehā ma ka ʻāʻī a i ka ʻāpana pectoral. E like me ke koena o ka subfamily, ke koʻokoʻo a me ka pau loa dorsal e hoʻonani i nā wahiʻeleʻele a me nā kaula. ʻO ke kala ke kala-kala, me nā kalaʻeleʻele i ka ʻāpana dorsal a me nā kaula ākea ka lōʻihi i nā ʻaoʻao. I kekahi manawa, loaʻa nā lepa i kahi laupaʻu a ʻulaʻula paha. Rupaʻa - mai nā melemele melemele a poni, i kekahi manawa ulaula.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka European Grey ma ka Buke Red i kekahi mau wahi o Rūsia (Chelyabinsk, Pskov, Yaroslavl, Orenburg mau wahi a me Moscow Region) a me kekahi mau ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa, ma ke ʻano heʻe he nui a laha paha, ʻaʻole ia i pili i ka ʻāina a me ka'āina. Ke kūlana o ka hina hina ʻEulopa: mai Farani, ʻEnelani, Kelemānia a me nā ʻāina Scandinavia i nā mauna Ural o Rūsia. ʻIke ʻia ia ma nā kahawai āpau, no ka laʻana, i ka Dniester, Urals, Danube, Neman, a me Volga. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā loko o Onega a me Ladoga. Noho ʻo Grayling i ka moana Arctic (i loko o nā kīʻaha o ka Baltic, Kara, Keʻokeʻo White. Loaʻa nā lehulehu nui i nā Leningrad, Murmansk a me Karelia. E makemake ʻo Grayling i nā kaila wai maʻemaʻe me nā kahe wikiwiki, e koho ana i nā wahi ma kahi o nā kīpili a me nā lua, makemake nui i ka puʻu a me ka pebbly lalo.

ʻ .leʻele

Pākēlā hina - ka mea hoʻomau. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā mea a pau e hopu ai i kona maka: mai nā crustaceans, larvae, mollusks, hua a me ka palaoa i nā pepeke. Hiki iā ia ke kauā, nā manu manu, nā ʻano ʻano a me nā nāhele manu. Pāʻai ka ʻano holoholona i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ke kumu o ka ʻai, he crustaceans, invertebrates, aquatic, kokoke-wai a me nā mea hoʻowalewale. Hiki i nā pākeke ke lawaiʻa i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, a inā pōpilikia lākou, ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i ka mamima liʻiliʻi i komo i ka wai. ʻO Azarten, i ka hahai ʻana i ka mea pio, ke alualu nei i kāna mea ʻānai, hiki ke lele i ka hapalua mika ma luna o ka papa o ka wai.

ʻOi aku a maikaʻi loa e ka pōʻai ʻole i ke kai

Manaʻo ka hina haole he Europa he mau pōkole - makemake ʻia e huli i ka wanaʻao a me ke ahiahi. I ke ahiahi, hiki iā ia ke hūnā i ka wai hohonu, ʻoiai e hānai ana i ka antipathy i ka ʻike maikaʻi o ka lā. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hele ʻana i ka lawaiʻa i kēia iʻa i kēia mau motley. Ma ke ao ʻino paha ia i hiki ke hopu ʻia i ka lā inā he anu ʻole ka wai. Kūpono maikaʻi loa ia mai ka hopena o ke kauwela a hiki i ke kauwela kauwela, ʻoiai ma Iune. I loko o kēia manawa, hiki ke loaʻa nā pōpoki momona loa i ka wā o nā pō keʻokeʻo, mai ke aumoe a hiki i ka 5 i ke kakahiaka. I Iulai-ʻAukake, pono ʻia o ka iʻa i ke ahiahi, ma ka lā o ka lā. I ka wā kai, e lilo ka kaiāulu, e nānā i kēia iʻa i kahakai, kahi o ka silt a me ke one ka manawa e hoʻonā ai. Ma lalo o kēlā mau ʻano, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ma o ka hopu ʻana i nā mea wili. Hoʻopau ke kūleʻa Least i ka mahina o Nowemapa-Pepeluali. ʻO ke anu ka ua anuanu, ʻo ka mea maloʻo e lawe ana i ka maunu - pono ʻoe e hoʻāʻo i kāu lewa i ka lalo, e kū pū ana i nā lele lele a me ke ahonui.

Hōʻike Kahiila

ʻO ka ʻike maoli, ʻo ka "iʻa o ka ʻano ʻike ʻole" ʻaʻole like ia me ka salmon, ʻoiai lākou mai ka like mai ka subfamily. Manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā lawaiʻa loea i ka hina ʻalani e lilo i loko iʻa maikaʻi loa i ka ʻohana salmon. Ma muli o kēia, hoʻonui nui ʻia ka waiwai o ka hina a me kona ʻano i ke kūlohelohe.

ʻOkoʻa ʻē ka hina ʻana o ʻEulopa i kona mau kaikuaʻana - ʻo ia ka nani a nani loa ia.

Nā lawaiʻa

Ma UK, hiki ke hopu ʻia ka iʻa i ka wā o ka lawaiʻa holoʻokoʻa (mai Iune 16 a Malaki 14) no ka lele. Loaʻa ʻia ʻo Grayling i nā lele e hiki mai ana: ka melemele hina, nā klinkhamers, nā czech nymphs a me nā 'red tags'.

I Palani, ua kaupalena ʻia ka manawa e nā mea he nui. ʻO ka muliwaiʻo Allier kekahi o nā wahi liʻiliʻi ma ka hema o ʻEulopa kahi e noho ai ka hina hina Éropa ma kahi kūlohelohe. He mahalo nui ʻia kēia iʻa e ka poʻe Farani, a ʻai maikaʻi ia me ka waina ʻula.

Ma Karelia, ʻo ka hina ʻoi ka waiwai iʻa nui. E like me ke kānāwai, hopu nā poʻe kamaʻāina iā ia ma luna o kahi "moku", a me nā lawaiʻa-aʻakeʻa-e pāʻani ana me ke kōkua o nā mea pāʻani. ʻAe wale ka māka i ka lawena wale. ʻO Greling, e like me ke kānāwai, ua ʻai maka ʻia, i loko o kahi paʻakai (ʻo ia ka stroganina).

ʻO nā wā mākelika o ka hina hina Europa.

Hoʻomaka kūlohelohe ʻo ʻEulopa i nā wīwī mua (i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka Slingian like me ka wahine): ʻo nā wahine - i 2 mau makahiki ʻelima, nā kāne - ma 3-4 mau makahiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine; ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ka nee ʻana o ke kukui hoʻohanohano a me nā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waihona dorsal. ʻO ka pālahalaha kiʻekiʻe o ka poʻo hina o ʻEulopa ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻohanohano iʻa. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe loea a me nā ʻepekema a i ka wā o ka lawaiʻa, hoʻomake ke kāne i nā ʻōpū o ka wai e ka puna, ka mea e kahe ai ka waiū i ka wai ʻole i kēia manawa, a hoʻonui kēia i ka nui o nā hua i kanu ʻia.

Kuihewa o ka ʻōuli papau.

ʻO nā lōliki hina maʻEulopa ma nā kahawai o ka wai me kahi ʻōpala a i lalo o ka pōhaku. Hoʻohui pinepine kēia i ka lāʻApelila-Mei, a ma nā lepa ʻākau a i Iune, i ka wā e mahana ai ka wai i ka 8-10 ° С. Aia i ka makahiki o ka hina wahine, hiki i kona fecundity ke loli mai 3-6 tausani huaole a 30-35 tausani huaole. No laila, ʻo ka hopena: ma ka hopu ʻana i kahi hina nui mai kahi kaila, e hoʻopilikia ai ʻoe i ka nui o ka lehulehu ma mua o ka hopu ʻana i nā spimensia liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka wahine o ka hina hina ʻana, hāʻule ka caviar i lalo, kahi e hoʻomaka ai ke kāne i ka pāʻani i kāna kuleana: ʻāpī ʻo ia i ka caviar me ke one. ʻElua a ʻekolu mau pule ma hope mai, e hāhai ana nā hina liʻiliʻi mai nā hua.

Kai ʻai ʻalani.

He palahalaha ka hina ʻana o Grayling. Inā noho ka hina hina ʻEulopa i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a me nā kahawai, aia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai, e ʻai ana i nā mea inika wai a me nā huaʻuku o lākou, nā koholā e hāʻule ana i loko o ka wai, ʻaʻole ka nui - iʻa ka iʻa. Inā noho ka poʻe i nā kahu i loko o ka wai, a laila hiki iā lākou ke hana i 80% o ka ʻai o ka iʻa. Hiki ke loaʻa nā momi liʻiliʻi ma kaʻai o ke kaena hina ʻEulopa: nā ʻōpala a me nā maule i hāʻule i loko o ka wai a i ʻole nā ​​kahawai a me nā muliwai i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana. No ka lawaiʻa "ma ke kiʻi" ʻaʻole pono ka lawaiʻa i ka taimen wale nō, akā hiki nō hoʻi i ka hina.

Ka manawa hōʻalu

Ke alakaʻi nei kēia iʻa i kahi ʻano hemit hermit, ʻo nā holoholona liʻiliʻi wale nō (a hiki i ka wā e ulu ai) a i ʻole nā ​​mea liʻiliʻi e komo i loko o nā hui. Hoʻomaka ka wā kanu no ka hina ʻana o ʻEulopa i ʻApelila-Mei, a ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau - i Iune i ka mahana i loko o ka loko wai i kahi o 4-10 ° C. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaikuaʻana ʻē aʻe i ka ʻohana (ʻo ia ʻo Siberian subspecies), ʻoni nā pua ʻala no ka make ʻana i ka nui ma mua: nā wahine - i nā makahiki he 2, nā kāne - ma 3-4 mau makahiki. Akā ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, hiki i ka ʻapala ʻana a hiki i ka 7 mau makahiki. Hōʻalo nā iʻa ma nā kahawai, nā kahawai a me nā punawai o nā kahe, ma nā wahi ʻaʻole i hohonu o 30-60 cm, kahi e loli ai ka manawa o ka wā a ua hana ʻia nā wahi i pōpō a i lalo paha. Hoʻolālā nā ʻelele o nā iwi no ka holo ʻana i ka pāʻani me nā lawaiʻa ma nāʻaoʻao kahakai.

ʻO ka noho a me nā hana maʻamau o ka hina.

Noho ʻo Grayling i nā kahawai kahe wikiwiki. ʻO ka hele ʻana o ka wai kahe, ke waiwai nui i ka oxygen a me ka kahe wikiwiki, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kūlana nui no ke ola o kaʻili Pākē. ʻO nā hale noho maʻamau nā wahi me nā alapiʻi a me nā lua. ʻAʻohe kūlike ka Europa hina ʻana i nā loko. He ʻona lone ka ʻāina hina, a mai ka hānau ʻana. Hiki i ka manawa wale ke holo i loko o nā hipa liʻiliʻi o ka iʻa 7-10, a hiki hoʻi ma ka nui. Akā aia kekahi mea i kēia kānāwai. Ma Vishera ma luna o ke kuʻi ʻana iā lākou iho i ka wā o ka zhora, nā kula ʻo ka nui o nā iʻa aniani. Kaulana ʻo Grey no kona kaʻi ʻana i ke koho ʻana i ka mea pio, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he ʻāpana ʻōpio e makemake nui e ʻimi e huli i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. ʻO ka manawa makemake nui loa no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ke ahiahi ʻo ka manawa ʻawa ʻana, i ka wā a iho mai nā pōlū a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe i ka wai a hoʻomaka ka iʻa. Ma nā lā ua hiki ke ʻai ʻia i ka lā a pau, akā he mea nui ʻole ka ua, a maloʻo hoʻi ka wai ma loko o ka muliwai. He ikaika loa ʻo Grayling a me ka wiwo ʻole e hopu i nā mea ʻino i hāʻule ʻole ma ka wai. ʻO kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā pehea e ʻāwīwī ai ka pīhoihoi i ka pīhoihoi a i kahi lele a lele paha mai loko o ka wai no ka hapalua mita a i ʻole paha!

Pākē ʻaoli i loko o ka kuke ʻana

ʻO nā pilina e pili ana i ka hina ʻana o ʻEulopa me ka salmon a me ka keʻokeʻo i ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole wale nō e ka momona momona ma ke kua, akā ʻo ka ʻono maikaʻi hoʻi me nā lepa keʻokeʻo-pinkish. Aia wale nō i nā pahuhina, ka momona a me ka wai, ʻaʻohe mau kākala - ke kupapaʻu a me ka steaks o kēia iʻa e mālama maikaʻi ai, haʻahaʻa-calorie a mai hana i nā alerima. Heʻuʻuku nā iwi, ua ʻike iki ka papa momona. ʻAʻole i hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻiʻo i kahi ʻano leʻaleʻa, līlū ʻia, no ka mea i mahalo nui ʻia nā mea kohi i loko o nā haleʻaina. Aneane ua kokoke nā mea āpau mai loko mai o ia - sopal, roll, steaks, marinades, pickles, salads and snacks. Hiki ke ʻoluʻolu ʻoe e hoʻohui i ka hina me nā hua he nui, nā mea ʻala, nā mea kanu a me nā cereals. He maikaʻi palaoa, pala, paʻakai a hoʻomohu aʻe. Noi aku la ka Farani e lawelawe me ia me na wabi malamalama.

ʻO ka laulā lahilahi a me nā kikoʻī Spimimens o nā hina

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka iʻa ma ke ke kiʻekiʻe loa - ʻaʻole ia i ulu ma mua o 10 cm ma ka makahiki mua, e 5 mau makahiki ua neʻe ia i 20-25 cm a kaupaona 200-500 mau pā. ʻO ka nui awelika i loko o nā hopu: 20-30 cm me ka nui o ka hapa ʻole o ka 0.3-2 kilogram. I kekahi mau wahi, hiki i ka iʻa pākeke ke piʻi i 3 kilograms me ka nui o ka ʻai a me nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā poʻe nui i 60 cm ka lōʻihi, hiki ke kaupaona ma mua o 6.5 kg, akā ʻo kēia kahi pōmaikaʻi. Ua ʻike ʻia ka walaʻau e pili ana kekahi mau lawaiʻa i kahi lōʻihi i hoʻokahi mika, akā ʻaʻole kēia i ʻike.

Lūkini Lūkini - hina haole ʻEulopa (maʻamau) me ka ʻohana salmon