ʻO Beluga kekahi o ka iʻa nui loa. I mua, he ʻano maʻamau ia, akā ma muli o ke ʻano mau i ke ʻano o ka pōʻaiapuni ʻana, a me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka poaching, ʻike ʻia ka beluga he mau mea make i ka mea a helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book.
ʻO ka lilo nui o kahi iʻa e like me ka beluga ʻo kona kumukūʻai. ʻOiai ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka iʻa a me ka ʻiʻo ka paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka uku (ʻaʻole ma mua o $ 15 no hoʻokahi kilogram) ma mua o nā ʻelele kūkaʻe, ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa iā lākou i ka manawa like me ko lākou mau ʻono.
No ka mea, ʻo ka beluga caviar kekahi o nā mea kūʻai nui loa ma ka honua, ʻo ka lehulehu o ka beluga ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe he nui iki i ke kākoʻo ʻia e nā lawaiʻa i nā māla iʻa a me nā waihona pilikino ponoʻī.
ʻO keʻano
He manu ʻokoʻa ʻo Beluga kahi i noho lōʻihi no ka manawa lōʻihi, a hiki i kona makahiki kiʻekiʻe ke hiki i nā makahiki he haneli. Hiki iā ia ke mokomoko ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i kona ola, a ma hope o ke kikoo ʻana i ka kiʻi i loko o ke kai. ʻO ke kaulike o nā wahine e hilinaʻi i ko lākou nui a i kekahi manawa e hiki ma kahi o 500,000 hua.
Ma ke kūlohelohe, ʻo ka beluga he mau kānaka kūʻokoʻa, akā, hiki iā ia ke hoʻōla me ka solidgeon, sterlet, spike a stellate firmgeon. ʻO nā māla Sturgeon e ulu maikaʻi loa i nā mahiʻai kūikawā.
Nui nā moʻaukala a me nā ʻolelo pili i kēia iʻa ʻano kupaianaha. ʻO kekahi, ʻōlelo aku nā lawaiʻa kahiko e mālama pono ana ka pōhaku Beluga i kahi kanaka mai ka ʻino ma ke holo ʻana o ke kai a ua hopu ʻia nā mea hopu. Hiki ke loaʻa i kēia pōhaku, e like me nā lawaiʻa, nā keiki a beluga, a he ʻano moa ʻo ia. I ka wā kahiko, hiki i ka mea nona ka mea ke hoʻololi i ka pōhaku no kekahi waiwai mahal. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei nō lākou i kēia moʻomeheu, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻohe ʻikepili pololei e pili ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka pōhaku.
Hoʻohana ʻia
ʻO ka hua Sturgeon e loaʻa: beluga, stellate stabilgeon, sturgeon, sterlet. I ka mokuʻo fossil, ʻike ʻia nā mea paʻa o ka Eocene (85.8-70.6 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei). Ma nā hua ʻōlelo zoogeographic, nā mākaʻi o ka subfamily like me ka mea i loaʻa ma ka lima hoʻokahi ma ʻAmelika Hema a ma kekahi ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, nani maoli ka mea e ʻike ai i nā koena o ka manuahi i hala i loko o kēia ʻano ʻanoʻano o kēia ʻanoʻano. Ua ola lākou no kahi 200 miliona mau makahiki, a ola i ka wā i noho ai nā dinosaurs i ko mākou honua. Me ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, i nā kīwaha o nā iwi iwi, hoʻomanaʻo mai lākou iā mākou i nā wā kahiko, i pono ke koi kūikawā a i ʻole kahi mākau ikaika e hiki ke ola. Ua ola lākou i kā mākou mau lā, me ka loli ʻole. Ka pōʻino, i kēia lā ua pilikia nā ʻano koa paʻa mau loa a i ʻole i pilikia i ka palena.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Beluga ka nui o nā iʻa wai āpau. Hiki ke kino o ka pākeke i ka lōʻihi o 4.2 m, a ʻo kona koʻikoʻi he 1.5 tons, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka uhi nui o ka beluga cylindrical i uhi ʻia me nā lālani lima o nā ʻano iwi - ka ʻāʻī, a me nā kuʻi ʻike i ka ʻili. ʻO nā papa o nā papa i uhi i ke poʻo, nā ʻaoʻao, a me ka ʻōpū i ulu maikaʻi ʻia. ʻO nā pale ma mua loa, i ka nui o nā ʻāpana he 13, aia ma ka hope a hana i ka hana pale.
E like me nā iʻa ākea āpau, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pua beluga ma mua o ka hele ʻana o nā ʻalā lōʻihi a me ke koʻikoʻi: aia ka dorsal ma kahi o 60 mau hihi. ʻO ka waha o Beluga he laulā nui ia, akā ʻaʻole pākaʻi ma waho o nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo; e kau ana kahi lehelehe luna ma luna.E pili ana ʻo Antenna ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka iwi haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lehulehu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kua o ka beluga e kahi ʻula uliuli a i ʻole hina hina, ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a ʻulaʻula hina paha, ka ihu me nā ʻano ʻiliʻili.
Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa
Ma kahi keu o kona nui, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia iʻa mai ke koena o ka paʻa i ka cylindrical kino a me ka ihu puupuu. He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā pale pale ma luna ona. Noho ka waha iā ia i ka laulā o ke poʻo, kahi lehelehe lehelehe e uhi iā ia. ʻOkoʻa nā ka antennae ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo i ka like like o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe ma ka hui firmgeon i ko lākou laulā a me ko lākou lōʻihi: i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ua liʻiliʻi lākou. Loaʻa ka papa o ka iwi ma ke poʻo, nā ʻaoʻao, a me ka peritoneum. Ma ke kua, hiki i ka nui o nā nahā i nā 13, ma nā ʻaoʻao - 40-45, a ma luna o ka peritoneum ʻaʻole he 12.
Hoʻaiho
He mau ʻai lau na Belugas, a lilo ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola ma nā wai o ke Kai Kūleʻa, ʻAlov, a me Caspian, a lele i ka wai wale nō i ka wā e ulu ai, a i ka pau ʻana o ka pīhoihoi e hoʻi i ke kai. Noho ka poʻe ʻōpio a me nā pākeke ma nā hohonu hohonu, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka wai ʻona ma kahi kokoke o ka muliwai.
I ke kauwela, ma hope o ka spawning, hoʻomaha ka iʻa ma ka hohonu, a laila e hānai ma mua o ka hānau ʻana. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, ua uhi ʻia ke kino o ka beluga me ka "ʻahuʻula" o kahi uhi o ka māla, a hāʻule ka iʻa i loko o kahi kūlana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai a hiki i ka pūnāwai.
Ke noho maʻamau
Hele nā mea paʻa a pau i ka lōʻihi no ka hoʻopailua ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Pili kekahi i waena o ka paʻakai a me ka wai i ka wai, aʻo nā mea'ē aʻe - ke ola wale nō ko lākou ola a pau i nā wai hou. Kēleʻa lākou i ka wai o ka wai, a loaʻa iā lākou kahi lōʻihi o ke ola lōʻihi, ʻoiai lākou e koi ai i nā makahiki, a i kekahi manawa he mau makahiki, e hiki i ka wā e ulu ai, i ka wā e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻohua hua. ʻOiai hoʻonaninani ʻo ka hoʻōho a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, a hilinaʻi i ka pae i loaʻa, kūpono a me ke ʻano, nā pūnaewele spawning kikoʻī, ka pinepine a me ka lele. Hiki i ke kūlohelohe kūlohelohe ma waena o kekahi mau ʻano o ka firmgeon. Eia kekahi i ka papa manawa i loko o ka wai no ka spawning, i ka iʻa paʻa i kekahi manawa ke komo ka wai i ka hāʻule - no ka hoʻoilo. Mālama ʻia kēia mau iʻa ma ka haʻahaʻa.
Ma ke ala o ka hānai, ke beluga he mea hoʻohemo nui i hānai nui i nā iʻa, akā ma ka mollusks, ʻōpala, a me nā mea hihiu. Hoʻomaka ia e hoʻomaka i kahi palaoa i loko o ka muliwai. Ma ke kai, hānai nui ia ma ka iʻa (herring, tyulka, gobies, etc.), akā, ʻaʻole e hoʻopoina i ka ʻuala. Ma nā ʻōpū o ka Caspian beluga a loaʻa nā kekona (cubs) o ka hōʻailona.
Pono ka iʻa nui i ka ʻai nui, a me ka nui o nā kānaka hoʻokahi e hilinaʻi pololei i ka ʻai: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui. ʻO nā meaʻai nui o ka beluga he mau ʻano iʻa like ʻole, a hoʻomaka ka beluga i ka wā ʻōpio loa, ʻo ia he mea pīpī.
Holo nā ʻōpio ma ke kai a i ka pou wai. ʻO ka meaʻai punahele ʻo Beluga, ʻo ia ka gobies, herring, sprats, sprats, iwakālua, roach, hamsa, nā ʻelele o nā ʻohana nui o nā cyprinids. ʻO nā Crustaceans a me nā mollusks, a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, no ka laʻana, ʻo nā ʻōpiopio ʻo Caspian a i ʻole ka wai ʻole, e hana i kekahi ʻāpana o ka meaʻai.
ʻAno hānau
Beluga - mau lawehala lōʻihi o ka honua holoholona, nā mea hoʻopihapiha i kū hoʻokahi i nā makahiki he 100, no laila ua hiki lākou i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka hua. Mākaukau nā male no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka makahiki 13-18 o nā makahiki, nā wahine ʻōpio i ka makahiki 16-27. Hoʻomaka ka spawning i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki a, e pili ana i kēia, hoʻokaʻawale ka beluga i ka pūnāwai a me ka ʻōʻī.
Ua komo ke kaiāluʻu beluga i ka wai mai ka hopena o Ianuali a hiki i ke kauwela loa. Hoʻomaka ka ʻōpala beluga e neʻe i ka hopena o ke kauwela a hoʻopau i Dekemaba, no laila ke koi ʻia i ka hoʻoilo ma ka hohonu o ka muliwai i loko o nā lua hohonu, a hoʻomaka e hoʻoulu wale i ka pūnāwai hou.ʻAʻole ʻano like kēlā me kēia kanaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā me kekahi mau manawa, maʻamau ʻo 2-4 mau makahiki. ʻO ka papa māla lau o Beluga e hele ma waena o nā kuʻu hohonu, i waena o nā alawai wikiwiki.
ʻO ke ulu ʻana o kahi wahine i hilinaʻi ʻia i kona nui, akā naʻe, i ka nui o nā hua spawned, ʻo 1/5 o kona kino ponoʻī. ʻO ka awelika o ka caviar mai ka 500 tausani a i hoʻokahi miliona. ʻO nā kala hina hina, he 3 mm ka lōʻihi, e like me nā pī. Ma muli o ka hoʻonui koʻikoʻi, pili ka lāʻau caviar i nā pū anu anuanu. I ka mahana o ka wai o + 12-13 degere, ʻo ka manawa inkubation he 8 mau lā.
ʻO ka moa i hānau ʻia e hele koke i ka meaʻai kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ke kāpae ʻana i ka ʻai me nā mea ʻala o nā mea maʻalahi. Ke kū ʻole o ke kau, ke hele ʻo ka ʻōpio i nā kai, kahi e noho ai lākou a hiki i ka wā ʻōpiopio.
Ka helu kiaʻi
Ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole, ua hōʻemi nui kēia mau iʻa i ka lehulehu a nalowale paha. No laila, helu ʻia ka beluga i loko o nā Puke ʻĀina o nā ʻāina a pau i kahi e loaʻa ana. Lā ʻia ka iʻa no ka lawaiʻa ʻana e nā rula lawaiʻa kūpono. Aia i loko o ka Red Book o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature. ʻAi ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana ʻo Beluga ma lalo o ka laikini. Ua hōʻike i ka nui o nā iʻa hiki ke hopu ʻia, ko lākou nui.
Hoʻāhewa ʻia ka lawaiʻa lawehala ʻana o ka beluga. Okoa na ano like ole o na aina. Ma Lūkia, no kēlā me kēia kanaka, ʻo 12.5 tausani mau rubles. Eia kekahi, ua kau ka pūʻulu o nā uku a pau, no ka laʻana, a hiki i ka 5 mano rubles. no nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ʻokoʻa, a ʻoi aku kekahi mea pili i ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ma Beluga. Aia ma muli o ka mea i hala, e lilo ai i lawelawe kaiāulu a i ʻole ka paʻahao a hiki i ka 5 mau makahiki.
E like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ua paʻapū ʻia ka belugas. He ʻoi aku ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma mua o ke koena o ka firmgeon. ʻO ka "inattence" hoʻokahi i ka iʻa e wehewehe ʻia e kona ulu lōʻihi - hiki ke loaʻa i nā caviar mua mai lākou aku ma hope o 17 ... mau makahiki 18. A ʻo ke kumu o ke caviar iʻoi aku ma mua o 10 tausani mau kālā / kg, he liʻiliʻi nā poʻe lawelawe e hoʻokau i ka mahi ʻana o kēia iʻa.
Hoʻolaha ʻia ka male ma nā ʻaoʻao wai. Hōʻike lākou i kekahi mau loko o kahi ʻano poepoe a ʻehā paha. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia (mai nā kumuwaiwai māmā), ke kikowaena, no ka laʻana, hoʻopaʻa ʻia, hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻO kā lākou nui maʻamau: hohonu - 1,5 m, diameter - 2,5 ... 3 m.
ʻO ka ʻiʻo Beluga
ʻAʻole like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, he ʻiʻo nui ka ʻiʻo beluga i ke kaona, akā naʻe he maikaʻi ʻono maikaʻi, no ka mea, ua ʻāpono ʻia ʻo ia ma nā wahi a pau. Hana ʻia nā huahana balyk mai ia. Hoʻopili, hana ʻia nā kīʻaha wela a me nā mea wela mai ia mea, a me nā mea ʻai manawaleʻa. Mai ka beluga ua loaʻa nā hua maikaʻi loa, hopu ana ma luna o kahi pānaehana ʻoihana ʻona e hoʻomaka ana kona paona i 5 kg, eia naʻe, ʻo ka beluga ka iʻa nui loa, ʻo kona kaumaha ma ka hapanui he nui i hoʻonui ʻia i kēia mau kuhikuhi. ʻOiai ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa i ka beluga, he lōʻihi loa ka nui o ka poʻe i hopu ʻia ma ka pae ʻoihana no ka nui o 30-40 mau makahiki.
I ka hoʻoilo
ʻO Beluga kahi iʻa ʻulaʻula i makemake ʻia i ka hoʻoilo i ka lua (wai nāʻu), kahi e hele ai e piʻi a kau i ke kō. Makemake ka ʻōpio ʻōpiopio e hele i ke kahawai no ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole i ka hohonu hohonu. Ma kahi hohonu, makemake nui ka beluga i ka hoʻomaha ʻana, ua hele mua a hoʻi hou i ka moana i mua o ka hau. Hiki ke loaʻa ka nui loa a me ka pākia i nā hohonu wale nō, akā naʻe, no ko lākou ʻano physiological, ʻo ka hapanui o lākou ʻaʻole i hiki hou ke hana hou.
Nā lawaiʻa
Ma muli o ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ka heluna kanaka a me ka hoʻoweliweli a pau i ka hoʻopau mau ʻia, ua palena ʻia nā hopu a beluga ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. I kekahi mau ʻāina, ʻaʻole i hoʻopuka wale ʻia nā mau kuʻuna no ka huki ʻana o kēia iʻa. Ua helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Red ʻano he mau mea e kū ana ma ka hope o ka pau.Ma Lūkia, hiki i ka hopu ʻia ke beluga ke laikini, ʻo ka mea nui no ka noiʻi noiʻi a hoʻāla hou i ka mea genetic no ka hana hoʻoulu.
Lawaiʻa Beluga
ʻO kahi nui kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka beluga - ke hāakaʻu i ke kai ākea, kahi mamao no nā kilomita mai ke kahakai. Paʻakikī i kahi lawaiʻa e loaʻa iā ia. Makemake mākou i kahi alakaʻi e ʻike pono i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka iʻa a, no kekahi mau kumu kūikawā ke hiki ke kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi wahi hoʻohiki. ʻAʻohe wahi e loaʻa ke beluga i nā wai. Hiki i nā poulou i nā ʻanuʻu, nā pā kaheʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kahi lawaiʻa hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe.
He lawaiʻa maoli kēia iʻa a me ka mako maikaʻi loa ma luna o ke ʻano he ola mau. Eia kekahi, ʻoiai i ka nui o ka beluga, makemake ʻo ia i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. E makemake nui loa ʻo Beluga i ka hamsa, ka hipa, ka roach, nā ʻīniki, a me nā bipi. ʻAʻohe ʻike maikaʻi ʻo Beluga, no laila hiki ke hoʻowalewale ʻia ʻo ia e kekahi mea nani. ʻO nā ʻōpiopio'ōpiopio, koe wale kahi pīpī, hiki ke pani i ka pipi.
E kāʻili nā beluga i kahi e kau ai kāu wāwae, hoʻohana i ka mau. Hoʻohana lākou i nā ʻāpana o ka iʻa, nā iʻa ʻinā, ka ʻū a hina. Ke lawaiʻa nei lākou mai Beluga mai ka moku. Pono kāna noho kūpaʻa kūikawā. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻana o kahi mākaʻi, ke huki e kauoha ia. Hoʻokomo hou ʻia ʻo Beluga mai lalo o laila, no laila pono ʻoe e hāʻawi i ka makemake i ke ana lalo. Pono hohonu ka laina. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā māka i ka hilinaʻi a nui hoʻi. I nā coils, ʻoi aku kahi kūpono o ka multiplier. Pono ke kūleʻa o nā koʻokoʻo, me nā apo kiʻekiʻe, ke noho kekele, a mai hopohopo i ka wai kai.
Inā hiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka asp, roach. Hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻo Beluga me ka palaualelo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kī i ka iʻa ma hope o ka huki ikaika. Ua huki ʻia ʻo Beluga ma ka ʻaoʻao e kiʻi ʻia e kahi māka a huki ʻia i loko o ka waʻa. Pau koke nā ʻōpū. Pono ka hope o ka iʻa e oki i ka kālū ʻana me kāna huʻu.
Nā awelana i ka wā ma mua a i kēia manawa
Ke hala ʻana i ka iʻa e noho ana ma ke Kisa, ʻAzov a me ʻIʻeleʻele, mai kahi mea e komo ai i nā muliwai no ka lawaiʻa. ʻO Beluga kekahi manawa i nui loa, akā ua ʻoi i kēia manawa i ka pau i loko o ka hihiu.
Ma ke kai ʻo Caspian ua ākea. No ka mokulele, komo i kēia manawa ma Volga, ma nā helu liʻiliʻi he nui - ma nā Urals a me Kura, a me nā Terek. I ka wā i hala aku nei, piʻi aʻe ka iʻa iʻa i ka pānaʻo Volga - i Tver a hiki i ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka Kama. I nā Urals, ua kiko i ka hapa nui a i waena. Loaʻa iā ia ma ke kahakai ʻo Iran ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Caspian ma a lele i loko o ka muliwai. Kahiʻu. I ka wā 1961 a 1989. Pii aku ʻo Beluga ma ka Volga i ka Volgograd hydroelectric complex, kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai kahi ala ʻōlaʻi no ka iʻa migratory ma ka Volga Hydroelectric Power Station, kahi naʻe, hana maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ke hopena, ua hoʻi i nā manawa Soviet, i ka makahiki 1989, ua hoʻokaʻawale ka lela iʻa. Ke Kula ala hou aʻe i ka pahu kime o Kurinskiy o nā keʻena uila e hoʻoneʻe kino i Azerbaijan.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Azov beluga no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka Don a he mea liʻiliʻi loa ia i ka Kuban. Ma mua, ua ala kiʻekiʻe ʻo ia ma ke ala o Don, i kēia manawa ke hōʻea wale nei ʻo ke kaila hydroelectric Tsimlyansk.
ʻO ka hapanui o ka ʻenehana kūloko o ka Black Sea i ka wā ma mua, a noho i kēia manawa ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau komohana o ke kai, mai kahi e hele ai i ka spail i loko o ka Danube, Dnieper a me Dniester, hoʻokahi mau kānaka i komo (a komo paha ke komo) i ka Southern Bug. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Beluga ma ke Kaiʻula ma ka kahakai ʻo Crimean, ma kahi kokoke i Yalta ua mau ʻia ma ka hohonu a hiki i 180 m (ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻike ʻana mai o ka hydrogen sulfide) a, a ma ka kahakai Caucasian, mai laila aku ia i hele ai a kipa ma Rioni, a me ke kahakai Tureke. , kahi i komo ai ʻo Beluga no ka hakilo ʻana i nā muliwai ʻo Kyzylirmak a me Yeshilirmak. Ma ka Dnieper, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā poʻe nui (a hiki i 300 kg) i kahi kokoke i nā wahi hoʻokau (ʻo ka māhele Dnieper ma waena o nā kūlanakauhale o ka Dnieper a me Zaporozhye), a me nā hoʻokūkū nui i hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma Kiev a kiʻekiʻe aʻe: ma ka Desna, ua hōʻea ka beluga i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Vishenki, a me ka Sozh, a ma Gomel, kahi i nā makahiki 1870 i loaʻa ke kanaka ma luna o 295 kg (18 paona).
ʻO ka hapanui o ka ʻenehana o ka Black e hele ai i Danube, kahi o nā ʻano ma mua i ulu pinepine ʻia a hele akula i Serbia, a i nā wahi i hala a hiki i Passau i ka hikina Bavaria. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Beluga ma ka Dniester ma kahi o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Soroki ma ka ʻākau o Moldova a ma luna o Mogilev-Podolsky. Ma ka hema ʻo Piaka ma luna o Voznesensk (ke ʻākau o ka wahi o Nikolaev). I kēia manawa, aia ma ka lealea ʻo ka ʻeleʻele o nā ʻano pili. ʻO kēlā me kēia hihia, ʻaʻole hiki ke kū i ka Beluga ma luna o ke kaila hydroelectric ʻo Kakhovskaya ma ke kaila Dnieper, ma luna o ke kaila hydroelectric o Dubossarskaya ma ka Dniester, a ma luna o kahi kaila hydroelectric Dzherdap ma ka Danube.
Aia a hiki i ka 70s. Kenekulia XX Loaʻa nō hoʻi ʻo Beluga i ka moana Adriatic, mai kahi i komo ai no ke kahe ʻana i ka wai. Eia naʻe, ma nā makahiki he 30 i hala aku nei ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hālāwai ma ʻaneʻi, no laila ua manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻopau ʻia ka heluna Adriatic hel bel.
Mai ka 2009, ʻaʻole pili ka beluga i ka nahele ma Rūsia, ma muli o ka nalowale ʻana o nā mea hana a me ka hōʻemi o nā kumu kūlohelohe. ʻO ke ala wale nō e mālama ai i ka nohona beluga i loko o ka hihiu ʻo ka hana ʻana i ka hana artifically i nā hatcheries a hana i nā ʻōpio.
Kālā
Beluga - ʻo kekahi o nā iʻa wai nui loa, hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa haneli o ka lehulehu a me ka lōʻihi 4.2 m. Ma ke ʻano he kū hoʻokahi (e like me ka ʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia) nā poʻe he 2 a he 9 m hoʻi ka lōʻihi i hōʻike ʻia (inā pololei kēia ʻike, a laila hiki ke beluga ke manaʻo ʻia ka wai nui loa. iʻa o ka honua).
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻ onlelo noiʻi "State of Fisheries and Russia in Russia" (mahele 4, 1861) i ka beluga i hopu ʻia ma ka makahiki 1827 ma lalo o Volga, i ke kaupaona ʻana he 1.5 mau paona (90 mau paona). Ma Mei 11, 1922, ua hopu ʻia ka wahine ma ke kaupaona he 1224 kg (75 paona) ma Caspian kai kokoke i ka waha o Volga, me 667 kg pākahi me ke kino, 288 kg ma ke poʻo a me ka 146.5 kg no nā caviar. Kēia manawa, ua loaʻa ka wahine like o ka nui like i ke kai Caspian i ka wahi Biryuchaya Spit i 1924, kona hua a 246 kg, a ʻo ka huina o nā hua e kuhi ʻia ana he 7,7 miliona, kahi liʻiliʻi ma ka hikina, ma mua o ka waha o nā Urals Mei 3, 1926 ʻO kahi wahine wahine 75 makahiki e kaupaona ana ma mua o 1 ton a me ka lōʻihi o 4.24 m, kahi ma laila 190 kg (12 paona) o ka caviar. Ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o National Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan), he mea i ukana ʻia me ka beluga 4.17 m loa, ua loaʻa i ka Middle Volga ma kahi o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tetyusha i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua hōʻike ʻia. ʻO kona paona i ka wā i hopu ʻia ai ma kahi o 1000 kg, ʻo ka makahiki o ka iʻa he 60-70 mau makahiki. Ua kulu ʻia nā ʻāpana nunui ma ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu hema o ke Kai Caspian - no ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 1836, ua loaʻa ka beluga he 960 kg (60 paona) ma kahi kokoke i ka Krasnovodsk Spit (nā Turkmenistan hou).
Ma hope mai, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia ka iʻa ma ke kaupaona ʻana, akā i ka makahiki 1970, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hihia o ka hopu ʻana o kahi puaʻa 800 kg o Beluga ma Volga delta, kahi mai 112 kg o caviar i ola ai, a i ka makahiki 1989, ua loaʻa ka nui o Beluga he 966 kg a he lōʻihi o 4 ka hopu ʻia ma laila. , 20 m (i kēia manawa ua mālama ʻia kāna holoholona i waiho ʻia i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Astrakhan).
Ua hopu pū ʻia kekahi mau kanaka nui o ka beluga i waenakonu a hiki i ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o Volga basin: i ka makahiki 1876, i ka wai. Vyatka kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale o Vyatka (Kirov hou) ua hopu ʻia i ka beluga e kaupaona ana he 573 kg, a i ka 1926 ma ka wahi o ke kūlanakauhale hou o Tolyatti, he beluga e kaupaona ana he 570 kg ua loaʻa me 70 kg o ka caviar. Aia kekahi hōʻike hōʻike i ka hopu pio ʻana o nā poʻe nui loa ma luna o Volga ma kahi kokoke i Kostroma (500 kg, waena o ke kenekulia 19) a ma ke kaʻe o Oka kokoke i Spassk, Ryazan Province (380 kg, 1880s).
Ua loaʻa i ka nui o Beluga i loko o nā kai ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, ma ka Temryuk Bay o Azov i ka makahiki 1939, ua loaʻa ka beluga wahine e kau ana he 750 kg, ʻaʻohe kaā i loko. I nā makahiki 1920 Ua hōʻike ʻia he 640-kilogram Azov belugas.
I ka makahiki 2013—2015 Nā kiʻi kikoʻī he nui o ka beluga e kau ana i ka 125-300 kg i loaʻa ma ka muliwai Ural ma Kazakhstan.
I ka wā ma mua, ʻo ka nui lawelima lawaiʻa o ka Beluga he 70-80 kg ma ka Volga, 60-80 kg ma ke kai o Azov, a me ka 50-60 kg ma ka ʻāpana o Danube o ke Kaiʻula. ʻO L. S. Berg i kāna mōʻī kaulana "Iʻa nā wai kūmole o USSR a me nā ʻāina e pili kokoke ana" e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka beluga "ma nā ʻāina Volga-Caspian he 65-150 kg ka nui." ʻO ka awelika o nā kāne i hopu ʻia ma Don Delta he 75-90 kg (1934, ka ʻike no 1977 mau kānaka), a me nā wahine - 166 kg (awelika no 1928-1934).
ʻO ka ulu a me ka hana
He ola lōʻihi ʻo Beluga ma kahi o 100 makahiki. ʻAʻole e like me kā Salmon salmon e make ma hope o ka spawning, beluga, e like me nā mea paʻa ʻē aʻe, hiki ke lele i nā manawa he nui i ko lākou ola. Ma hope o ke alakaʻi ʻana, e ʻōloʻe i ka moana.
Caviar lalo, pili. Hōʻike ka pīhoihoi i ka Volga delta i Iune - ʻo ka lōʻihi o 1.5-2.4 cm lākou.Maikaʻi koke lākou i ke aniani i loko o ke kai Caspian, akā naʻe, hiki i nā mea hoʻopahi ke kau i loko o ka wai a hiki i ka 5-6 mau makahiki.
Kūpono nā kāne ʻo Caspian o Beluga i ka wā ʻōpiopio i ka 13-18 makahiki o kona mau makahiki, a ʻo nā wahine hoʻi ma ka 16-27 (ʻo ka nui he 22-27) mau makahiki. ʻO ka palupalu o ka beluga, e pili ana i ka nui o ka wahine, ʻo nā mamao mai 500 tausani a hoʻokahi miliona (ma nā hanana kūikawā, a hiki i ka 5 miliona mau hua). Hōʻike hōʻike (nui (2.5-2.59 m lōʻihi) Volga wahine uha i ka awelika o 937 tausani hua, a me nā wahine Kurino o nā pā like like - he awelika o 686 tausani huaole. I ka wā ma mua (e like me ka data 1952), ʻo ka nui iki o ka fecundity o Volga beluga i hala i lalo.
Mawaena o ka beluga e hānai ana i ka moana ʻo Caspian North, 67% predominate (70 a 145 cm ka lōʻihi, e pili ana i 19 kg ka paona, a ma lalo o 13 mau makahiki). Loaʻa ʻia nā iʻa mai 11 a 37 mau makahiki i nā hopu kūloko. E lohi ana ʻo Kurin beluga i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka Volga. ʻO ka mea nui loa ʻo Azov beluga: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna mau kāne i ka makahiki 12-14 makahiki, nā wahine i nā makahiki 16-18.
Nā Moho
Ua kū ʻo Beluga i nā kahawai i ka wai (mai ke kai Caspian a hiki i ka Volga, nā Urals, kahi liʻiliʻi i Kura a me Terek, mai ke Kaiʻula a hiki i ka Dnieper, Danube, mai Azov a Don me Kuban). Hoʻomaka ka holo mua ʻana i ka Volga i ka lā Malaki ma kahi mahana wai o 6 - 7 ° C, a hoʻopau ʻia i ʻOkakopa. Hele ʻo Beluga iā Don mai Malaki a hiki i Dekemaba, a i ka Danube mai Malaki. ʻO ka wai i loko o ka wai i loko o ka makahiki e komo ai i loko o ka muliwai. ʻO nā mea pilikino o ka hoʻoilo ma ke kauwela-hoʻoilo ma ka muliwai i loko o ka nui. He helu liʻiliʻi o nā kānaka hoʻoilo i nā wai. Aia i loko o ke kai, aia nā wahi hoʻoilo ma ka hohonu o 6-12 m Ma hope o ke kaʻe ʻana, hoʻōho ka belugas i ka Volga mai ka huakaʻi ʻana i ka hau a me ka hoʻoilo (ma loko o ka hoʻoilo), i nā Urals mai Malaki a Iune a mai ʻAukake a Nowemapa.
Mea ʻai
Ma ke ala o ka hānai, ke beluga he mea kahuhipa e hānai nui ana i ka iʻa. Hoʻomaka ia e hoʻomaka i kahi palaoa i loko o ka muliwai. Ma ke kai, hānai nui ia ma ka iʻa (herring, tyulka, gobies, etc.), akā, ʻaʻole e hoʻopoina i ka ʻuala. Ma nā ʻōpū o ka Caspian beluga a loaʻa nā kekona (cubs) o ka hōʻailona.
Holo ʻana i ka beluga ma ka lālani Volga a i loko o ka wai ponoʻī, me ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole i hānai. ʻO nā kai ʻaʻai kai o Beluga i loko o ke kai ʻoi kekahi mau kaona a me ka stellate stellate firmgeon, ma ka muliwai he pike perch, asp, pike.
Pili kanaka
I ka wā ma mua, ʻo nā iʻa kālepa koʻikoʻi. Mai ka makahiki 2000, ua pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa beluga ma Rūsia; mai ka makahiki 2016, ua hana ka moratorium i ke ao holoʻokoʻa i ka pāpā ʻana i ka lawaiʻa o ka beluga (a me kekahi ʻano ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe) i nā ʻāina Caspian āpau. ʻO nā hopu kelepona o ka Volga Beluga i nā makahiki mua o ka makahiki 70 ma ka pae o 1.2-1.5 tausani mau haneli i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e helu ana no ka 10-11% o ka nui o ka hana piha o ka stabilgeon ma ka waihona Volga-Caspian. I nā makahiki 90 o ke kenekulia XX, he mau lohi mau (t): 1993 - 311, 1995 - 154, 1997 - 127, 1998 - 78, 1999 - 40, 2000 - 44. I 1995-1996, loaʻa wale ka hopu kīʻaha o ka beluga ma ka ʻeleʻele a me Azov Seas he 1 mau ton.
Ka nui o ka helu o ka Azov beluga me ka nalowale i ka lewa kūlohelohe o nā kūlohelohe, a ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻana iā hydro, ʻo ka helu liʻiliʻi o nā iwi pōpoki, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka hana hou ʻana ma muli o ka hapa nui o nā mea hana, me ka piha ma nā muliwai a me ke kai, lawe ʻia a hiki i nā waena o 80s mau makahiki I ka makahiki 70s. Ua lawe ʻia ʻo Caspian beluga caviar i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke Kai o Azov. Mai ka makahiki 1956, ua hoʻopuka ʻia ma nā hale paʻa o nā Don me Kuban. I kēia manawa, kokoke ʻo ka lehulehu ka mea i hoʻokumu i ka hale hana. Mai ka makahiki 1986, ua pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa no ka Beluga ma Azov, ua ʻae ʻia nā mea hana no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka ʻoihana. Ke pono nei ka Cryopreservation o ka hua ona, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ala no ka huli ʻana i nā mea kū hoʻokahi o ka hui o Azov a me Caspian i mea e pale ai i ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu i nā mea i loko o ke kai o Azov, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka biotechnology o ka pili male me ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana i nā wai i loko o nā loko wai a me ka lawe ʻana mai i kāna makahiki makahiki i 1 miliona a keu aʻe. Ua bred ia i loko o ka mahiʻai o nā koʻo a ʻoki (kūʻai pua), i loaʻa ai i ka caviar uliuli.
Ua kuhikuhi ka International Union for Conservation of Nature i nā ʻano no ka mālama a "Endangered Spies". No ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa hōʻoia o nā hōʻoia i loko o Rūsia, hāʻawi ʻia ka kuleana kīwila (a ʻo 3 mau makahiki i loko o ka hale paʻahao) a me nā uku hoʻoponopono.
He caviar Beluga
Hōʻulu nā kāne Beluga i nā caviar.ʻOi aku ka nui o nā huaʻai Beluga, ma ke kiko hiki lākou i ke anuanu, he 2.5cm ka nui o ke keiki bipi he 1 / 5-1 / 4 o ke kaumaha o ke kino. Manaʻoʻo caviar i ka mea nui i waena o ke koena o ka caviar. He lei kala hina kona me ke kala kala, he ʻono ikaika a me ka ono i momono. Ma mua o ke kime ʻana, ua kāhea ʻia nā ʻano kakano beluga maikaʻi loa i kapa ʻia ʻo "Warsaw redistribution", no ka mea, ʻo ka hapanui o kona mau lakoʻi mai nā Astrakhan a i Warsaw i ka Lūkia Lūkini, a mai laila aku. I ka hopena o 2005, 1 kg o ka belavi caviar ke kumukūʻai ma kahi o $ 620 ma ka mākele ʻeleʻele ma Lūkia (me ka pāpā ʻāpono i ke kūʻai aku ʻana o kēia caviar) a i $ 7,000 i kahi ākea, i ka makahiki 2019 he pahu kaupaona 250 ka nui o ka puʻu beluga poʻi i kā māka ʻeleʻele 42 - 45 tausani mau rubles. Wahi a WWF, ʻo 80% o nā caviar ʻele i kūʻai ʻia ma Lūkini i ka makahiki 2015 no ka poaching puka wale nō, aia wale nō ka caviar kūwaho i ulu ʻia i loko o nā mahi ʻai aku e ʻae ʻia no ka kūʻai aku ʻia.
ʻAukana Beluga
Ma Lūkini, aia kahi huaʻōlelo "puʻu beluga", eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pili e pili ana i kēia iʻa a pili pū ʻia me nā leo nui e hana ʻia e kekahi lele. kohula beluga. ^ E Ha yM. I ka 19 kenekulia, ʻelua mau papa inoa o ka inoa o kēia mau mea maʻamau: "beluga whale" a me "beluga". I kēia mau lā Lūkini, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "beluga" ke kumu nui - ka iʻa beluga, akā hoʻohana ʻia no ka mammal.
He wā noho lōʻihi ʻo Beluga ma waena o nā iʻa wai
He noho noho ʻo Beluga ma waena o nā iʻa a hiki ke ola ma 100 makahiki. He hiki ke kani i nā manawa he nui, like ʻole me ko lākou mau huakaʻi a ka Pākīpika i kū hoʻokahi wale i ko lākou ola āpau, a make ma hope o ke kolo.
Kūpono piha ʻia no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ua like like kēia mau nunui me ke kanaka. Ka mea, ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana e nā kāne a lākou e ʻoki i ka makahiki 15-18, a ʻo nā wahine ʻaʻole ma mua o 16-27 mau makahiki. ʻO ka helu maʻamau o nā hua iʻa i manaʻo ʻia e like me 715 tausani o nā hua. ʻO ke kūpono o ka beluga i hilinaʻi i ka nui o ka wahine, i loko o kahi noho. Ma ka Volga Beluga, ʻo kēia helu mai ka 500 tausani a hoʻokahi miliona, a ʻo Kurinsky i hoʻokahi like me ka hāʻawi ʻana i 640 tausani mau hua. Ua hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka wahi noho a me nā kūlana ola.
ʻO ka ipu kūʻai nui loa ʻo Beluga
No ka pili i ka caviar iho. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka huaʻai Beluga 1,4-2.5 mm. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o ke kaumaha o Caviar. He wahi ʻono ʻoluʻolu ʻoluʻolu.
ʻO kahi waihoʻoluʻu hina uliuli, kahi alana maikaʻi, kahi ʻala ikaika, ʻo kēia mau mea a pau ka caviar i hōʻoluʻolu loa i ka mākele uliuli ma Lūkini ke mākaukau ka mea kūʻai aku e uku i ka 620 euros i ka kg no kēlā mau huahana me ka ʻole o ka uku. ʻO Abroad, kahi o 7000 eureka e hiki ke loaʻa no ka caviar beluga. Hiki ke kumukūʻai mai ke kumukūʻai o kēia caviar a mai ka manaʻo i ka Rūsia ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai a kūʻai mai i kahi caviar beluga ma nā wahi āpau. Ke hana nei nā kālepa a pau ma lalo o ka hae o ka hae.
I kēia lā ma Lūkua aia kahi pāpā i kā hopu ʻia o ka beluga, ʻoiai aia ma ka palena o ka hoʻopau ʻana. Heluhelu pū ʻia ʻo beluga ma ka Buke Red. He hana paʻakikī kēia e hopu i ka beluga. ʻOiai ka nui o ka manawa.
ʻOno ʻoli i nā ʻano o ka ʻai beluga
ʻO ka ʻiʻo Beluga, ʻaʻole e like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe firmgeon, ʻaʻole ʻoi ka momona a loaʻa kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o nā momona momona. Akā naʻe, no ka manawa i ka manawa tsarist ʻo Beluga ua ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kēia manawa, ʻo nā aliʻi wale nō o nā aliʻi a me nā keikikāne i hiki i ka ʻono o kāna ʻiʻo. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻano pū lākou i ka ʻiʻo i kēlā manawa, a noʻonoʻo iā ka ʻai ʻo Beluga i kekahi mea ʻokoʻa a kupaianaha.
He mea huna a me nā manaʻo i manaʻo ʻia e Beluga
Akā ʻaʻole wale ka ʻiʻo a me ka caviar i waiwai beluga i kēlā mau manawa lōʻihi. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻokoʻa kēlā mau lawaiʻa e manaʻoʻiʻo nei i nā mana mana o ka pōhaku Beluga. Me ke kōkua o kēia ʻaha kupaianaha hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻōla i nā kānaka, e hōʻola i nā kauhale holoʻokoʻa Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia kekahi ʻano pōloli e lawe mai i ka hauʻoli a me ka waiwai maikaʻi i ka poʻe i loaʻa i kēia pōhaku.
Pole ana a me ka ʻōhaka i kūlike, a ua pili i ka nui o kahi hua moa. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻōpū o ka beluga nui. Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia a kūʻai ʻia paha a kūʻai ʻia me kekahi mea kūʻai ʻia.Akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa kēia mau lono. Akā e like me kēlā mau pōhaku, ʻo ia kahi wahi e koho ʻia ai he mau kikowaena kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā mea akamai loea. Aia kekahi poʻe e manaʻoʻiʻo ana i ka mana kupaianaha o kēia ʻōpala, a he ʻiʻo maoli kēlā mau pōhaku.
Akā ʻaʻole i pau nā mea huna o ka Beluga
He nui nā lawaiʻa like i ko lākou manaʻo he loko make ʻōpala ʻo beluga. ʻAʻole loaʻa i kēia manaʻo i ka hōʻoia. Akā ua maopopo ka poʻe lawaiʻa e hiki i kēia iʻa ke hiki i ka manu e like me ka ʻīlio a me ka ʻīlio. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ua ʻono nā mea make o ka beluga. He mea nō naʻe ka mea a ko mākou kūpuna e manaʻo ai ma laila, akā nō naʻe, he nui ka manaʻo i kuhi ʻia kēia mau ʻōlelo a pau.
No laila, ʻaʻole i ʻai ka mea maʻamau i ka ʻiʻo no ka meaʻai. He mea hiki paha ma kēia hoʻolohe i ka wā ma mua, hiki i ka beluga ke ulu a hiki i ka 2 x tons i ka paona a me 9 mika ka lōʻihi.
ʻO Beluga kekahi o ka iʻa nui loa. I mua, he ʻano maʻamau ia, akā ma muli o ke ʻano mau i ke ʻano o ka pōʻaiapuni ʻana, a me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka poaching, ʻike ʻia ka beluga he mau mea make i ka mea a helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book.
ʻO ka lilo nui o kahi iʻa e like me ka beluga kona kumukūʻai. ʻOiai ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka iʻa a me ka ʻiʻo ka paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka uku (ʻaʻole ma mua o $ 15 no hoʻokahi kilogram) ma mua o nā ʻelele kūkaʻe, ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa iā lākou i ka manawa like me ko lākou mau ʻono.
No ka mea, ʻo ka beluga caviar kekahi o nā mea kūʻai nui loa ma ka honua, ʻo ka lehulehu o ka beluga ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe he nui iki i ke kākoʻo ʻia e nā lawaiʻa i nā māla iʻa a me nā waihona pilikino ponoʻī.
ʻO ka ʻohana Sturgeon
Aia ka iʻa ma ka ʻohana firmgeon, nā māka mua i ʻike ʻia i nā makahiki he he mau i hala. ʻOkoʻa lākou i nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe ma o nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o kā lākou helehelena, ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona nui o nā ʻalima o nā ʻlima o nā iwi i loaʻa i ka pū o ke kino o ka beluga.
E like me nā paʻa paʻa, ʻo ka beluga he poʻo lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi, aʻo kona ʻāpana ma lalo iho nei, aia he 4 antennae e piʻi ana i ka waha o ka beluga. Eia kekahi, ma ka ʻano o nā kūmole i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka kartilage ka mea ma mua o ka hana, akā, ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona nui o nā pūmau me ke kumu kūloko o ko lākou kūloko, ʻo ia ka palena o ka heihei, no ka mea i hoʻomohala piha ai ka iʻa a me ka nānā ʻana i ka manaʻo no ka loaʻa ʻole o ka vertebrae i kona ʻano.
ʻO nā ʻano paʻa ka mea paʻa i nā ʻano kaomi, stellate stabilgeon, kuluga, beluga a me ka sterlet. ʻO kēia mau loko iʻa nui, ma waena o ka beluga ka nui loa. Hiki i ka iʻa ke lōʻihi a hiki i 4 mika. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka paona o kekahi mau mea i loaʻa i nā hihia he mea nui loa ma mua o hoʻokahi ton. ʻOiai ka ʻike ʻana o ka beluga i ka nui ma loko o ka Caspian a me ke Kai Kūʻai, kahi e pālahalaha aku ai ʻo ia ma nā wahi a pau, i ka wā kaʻawale.
Beluga: ka wehewehe ʻana iʻa
ʻO Beluga kekahi o nā iʻa wai nui loa. Mamuli o ka nohona, ka piʻi ʻana o kona paona ma 50 kg a hiki i ka 1 t. ʻO ka paona awelika o ka iʻa beluga i loaʻa ma ka pāhana ʻekaehana mai 50-80 kg. He loko lōʻihi maoli kēia kaona migratory, no ka mea ua hiki i kekahi makahiki i kekahi o nā kenekulia.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka beluga he mea wī e hoʻomaka nei e ʻimi i ka wīwī. ʻO ka mea ʻai i ka hapanui o ko lākou ola i ka wai kai kai hānai i ka iʻa ma mua o ka iʻa. Eia kekahi, ma ke ʻano, hiki i ka beluga ke ʻano i nā ʻano like ʻole (hybrid), ma waena o nā keʻe he mea maʻamau:
- Me kahi pākaha - hana i kahi i kapa ʻia ʻoi loa ʻoi, ʻo ia ka pua nui loa o ka beluga. Ua ulu ia me ke kumu nui o ka lawaiʻa stabilgeon ma luna o kahi ʻenehana.ʻO kēia ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o kāna ʻiʻo i loaʻa i ka wā o ka hoʻokaʻawale, a me ka waiwai ponoʻi, a ma muli o ke ʻano o nā huahana i hana ʻia mai i kēia iʻa e hiki ai iā mākou ke mālama i kahi koi mau.
- Stellate firmgeon.
- Mākou kiko.
- Sturgeon.
Kui ʻia kēia mau pōpoki beluga ma loko o ke Kai o Azov a i kekahi mau hale waihona kālā.
Hoʻaiho
ʻO nā wahi nui o ka beluga: ke Kai ʻeleʻele a me Caspian me nā waʻa a pau e kahe ana i loko o lākou. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka beluga ka iʻa i ola i ka hapa nui o ka manawa i loko o ka wai, a komo wale i loko o nā muliwai ke hiki wale i ka makahiki e pono ai no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hua.
Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻi ʻo ia i ka moana, akā naʻe, e hui pū me ka ʻai. He mea nui ʻia e makemake ʻole ʻo ia e hele ʻole i kahi mamao, ʻoiai naʻe me ka manaʻo nui, mahalo ʻia i kona nui kupaianaha, hiki ʻole iā ia ke hopohopo i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana mai nā mea kaila wai. Eia kekahi, ua ʻoki loa ka beluga i kona kūlohelohe maoli, a ʻo kā māhuahua mau mea e kākoʻo ʻia e ka māla ʻai i nā a me nā waihona pilikino pilikino.
Nāloi caviar
Ke hoʻolei ʻana ʻo Beluga i nā hua o nā ʻāpana like ʻole i nā manawa like ʻole, akā, i ka poʻe ʻōpio loa, hāʻule kēia manawa i ka waena waena o ka puna a hoʻomau a hiki i ka wā hāʻule. ʻO nā lua hohonu me kahi kahe wikiwiki, kahi i lalo ai kahi puʻu a i ʻole ka cartilaginous i lalo, e lilo i wahi no ka kiola ʻana i ka caviar. Hele kekahi o nā poʻe i hele aʻe i nā wahi hohonu a me ke anuanu ma ka muliwai, a hoʻi kekahi i ka moana.
He nui nui ka caviar Beluga a hoʻohālike me nā pī i kona nui. ʻAʻole mea he mea nui ka hiki i kēlā ke kanaka ke hoʻopāpai i ka nui o nā hua i kūkulu i ka 1/5 o kona kino. Loaʻa ka nui o nā hua e loaʻa ai he miliona miliona. E hele koke ana iʻa ka poʻe ʻōpio, kahi a lākou e noho ai a hiki i ka wā ʻōpiopio.
Nā hiʻohiʻona biological
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Beluga i ʻelua ʻano nui:
Ke alakaʻi nei kēia iʻa i ke kumu lalo o ke ola.
I ke kai, mālama ʻia ka hapa nui. ʻO ka wā'ōpiopio ka hānai ʻana i nā kāne i 12-15 mau makahiki, a i nā wahine i 16-18 mau makahiki he mea pono ke hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ka mea, ʻoiai ʻo beluga he iʻa lōʻihi loa, ʻo nā mea nui o kona mau makahiki ma mua o 50-60 mau makahiki āpau. hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hua.
ʻO Beluga, ka mea i bred i ke pio ʻana, hoʻopiʻi e ka hoʻopiʻi kūlohelohe. Eia kekahi, mahalo i kēia ʻano, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā popi beluga i ulu i loko o ka lawaiʻa e hiki ai i ka bred.
Ua ʻōlelo lākou, ʻo ia nō ke aliʻi-beluga. A ma ka Pūnaewele ua hū hou ka MEM hou i ke ʻano o kahi pōpoki kaumaha a me ka pōkoki paʻakikī - he iʻa kaumaha. E ʻike hou kākou e pili ana iā ia ...
ʻO kēia ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Astrakhan o Local Lore.
E loaʻa i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Astrakhan ʻelua mau beluga hoʻopaʻa - hoʻokahi 4 mika (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e Nicholas II i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kazan) a ʻo ka nui loa - 6-mika. ʻo ka beluga nui, ʻeono mita. Hopu lākou iā ia ma ka manawa like me he ʻehā mita anana, i ka makahiki 1989, ua hopu ʻo Poachers i ka beluga nui loa o ka honua, ʻōpī i nā hua, a laila kāhea i ka hale moʻomeheu a ʻōlelo i kahi e ʻohi ai i kahi "iʻa" ka nui o kahi pā nui.
Ke ola nei no kahi ʻoi aku 200 miliona mau makahiki, nā mea paʻa - ua kokoke kēia i nā mea e pau ai. Ma Danube, ma ka ʻāina o Romania a me Bulgaria, ua ola kekahi o nā neʻe ikaika kūkaʻi ma ʻEulopa. ʻO Danube firmgeon kekahi o nā hōʻailona nui loa e pili ana i kahi ʻalemai kūlohelohe. Noho ka hapanui o lākou ma ke Kai ʻEleʻele a lele i ka Danube no spawning. Hiki lākou i ka 6 mika ka lōʻihi a noho i 100 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻowahāwahā barbaric, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka caviar, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui e hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei nā mea paʻa. ʻO ka haʻalele ʻana i ka noho a hoʻonāukiuki i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lele Miggeon kekahi mea hoʻoweliweli nui kēia i kēia ʻano ʻano.Ke hoʻokau nei ka World + Nature Fund (WWF) me ka komo ʻana o ka Community Community, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) i hana i kēia mau pilikia i kēia mau makahiki i hala me ke kākoʻo o nā hui ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe.
ʻLelo a me kahi kumu
ʻO ka hua Sturgeon e loaʻa: beluga, stellate stabilgeon, sturgeon, sterlet. I ka moku'āina o ka fossil, ʻike ʻia nā ʻike palekana mai nā Eocene (85.8-70.6 miliona mau makahiki i hala). Ma nā hua ʻōlelo zoogeographic, nā mākaʻi o ka subfamily like me ka mea i loaʻa ma ka lima hoʻokahi ma ʻAmelika Hema a ma kekahi ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, nani maoli ka mea e ʻike ai i nā koena o ka manuahi i hala i loko o kēia ʻano ʻanoʻano o kēia ʻanoʻano. Ua ola lākou no kahi 200 miliona mau makahiki, a ola i ka wā i noho ai nā dinosaurs i ko mākou honua. Me ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, i nā kīwaha o nā iwi iwi, hoʻomanaʻo mai lākou iā mākou i nā wā kahiko, i pono ke koi kūikawā a i ʻole kahi mākau ikaika e hiki ke ola. Ua ola lākou i kā mākou mau lā, me ka loli ʻole.
Ka pōʻino, i kēia lā ua pilikia nā ʻano koa paʻa mau loa a i ʻole i pilikia i ka palena.
Sturgeon - ka nui wai iʻa
He Buke Nā moʻolelo a Beluga
ʻAʻole ʻo Beluga wale nō ka hapa nui loa o nā pehu pālani, akā ʻo ka iʻa nui loa o ka poʻe i hopu ʻia i loko o nā wai hou. Aia nā wā i loaʻa i kahi mau spimens a hiki i 9 mika lōʻihi a ke kaupaona nei a hiki i 2000 kg. I kēia mau lā, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mea kaupaona ma mua o 200 kg; ua lilo a he mea weliweli loa ka loli
Ma ka "Research on the state fishing fishing in Russia," i ka makahiki 1861, haʻi ʻia e pili ana i ka beluga i loaʻa i ka makahiki 1827 ma Volga lalo, i kā ke ana 1,5 mau paona.
Ma Mei 11, 1922, ua hopu ʻia ka wahine he kau he 1224 kilokilo ma ka Caspian Sea, kokoke i ka waha o Volga, me 667 kilokilo e hāʻule ana ma kona kino, 288 kilokika i ke poʻo, a me 146.5 kilograms i nā caviar (ʻike i ke kiʻi). Eia hou hou, ua loaʻa ka wahine like o ka nui like me ke ana o ka Caspian i loko o ka Biryuchaya Spit wahi i 1924, he 246 kilogrami o caviar i loko ona, a ʻo ka huina o nā hua e kolo ana he 7,7 miliona.
Aia kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, i mua o ka waha o nā Urals i ka Mei 3, 1926, ua hopu ʻia kekahi wahine 75 mau makahiki he nui ke kaupaona ʻia ma mua o 1 tone a 4.24 mau mika, kahi he 190 kilokama o caviar. I loko o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ke Aupuni ʻo Tatarstan ma Kazan, kahi i kālai ʻia ai ʻo beluga he 4.17 mau mika, ua loaʻa iā Volga ma lalo o ka makahiki 20 o ke kenekulia. ʻO kona paona ma ka hopu ʻia ʻana ma kahi o 1000 kilograms, ʻo ka makahiki o ka iʻa he 60-70 mau makahiki.
I ʻOkakopa 1891, i ka wā i ʻaihue ai ka makani i ka wai mai ke kahakai o Taganrog o ke Kai o Azov, he kanaka kīkoi e hele ana ma kahakai hāmele, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he beluga i loko o kekahi pīlio, ua huki ʻia he 20 paona (327 kg), he 3 mauʻu (49 kg) he caviar.
Hele nā mea paʻa a pau i ka lōʻihi no ka hoʻopailua ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Pili kekahi i waena o ka paʻakai a me ka wai i ka wai, aʻo nā mea'ē aʻe - ke ola wale nō ko lākou ola a pau i nā wai hou. Kēleʻa lākou i ka wai o ka wai, a loaʻa iā lākou kahi lōʻihi o ke ola lōʻihi, ʻoiai lākou e koi ai i nā makahiki, a i kekahi manawa he mau makahiki, e hiki i ka wā e ulu ai, i ka wā e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻohua hua. ʻOiai hoʻonaninani ʻo ka hoʻōho a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, a hilinaʻi i ka pae i loaʻa, kūpono a me ke ʻano, nā pūnaewele spawning kikoʻī, ka pinepine a me ka lele. Hiki i ke kūlohelohe kūlohelohe ma waena o kekahi mau ʻano o ka firmgeon. Hoʻopili i ka papa manawa i loko o ka muliwai no ka spawning, paʻa i kekahi manawa ke komo ka wai i ka hāʻule i ka hāʻule - no ka hoʻoilo. Mālama ʻia kēia mau iʻa ma ka haʻahaʻa.
Ma ke ala o ka hānai, ke beluga he mea hoʻohemo nui i hānai nui i nā iʻa, akā ma ka mollusks, ʻōpala, a me nā mea hihiu. Hoʻomaka ia e hoʻomaka i kahi palaoa i loko o ka muliwai. Ma ke kai, hānai nui ia ma ka iʻa (herring, tyulka, gobies, etc.), akā, ʻaʻole e hoʻopoina i ka ʻuala. Ma nā ʻōpū o ka Caspian beluga a loaʻa nā kekona (cubs) o ka hōʻailona.
Mālama ʻo Beluga i kāna hua
Beluga - kahi iʻa lōʻihi loa o ka iʻa a hiki i ka makahiki 100.ʻAʻole e like me kā Salmon salmon e make ma hope o ka spawning, beluga, e like me nā mea paʻa ʻē aʻe, hiki ke lele i nā manawa he nui i ko lākou ola. Ma hope o ke alakaʻi ʻana, e ʻōloʻe i ka moana. Kūpono nā kāne ʻo Caspian i ka wā belerty ma ka 13-18 makahiki, a ʻo nā wahine ma 16-27 (ʻoi aku ka 22-27) mau makahiki. ʻO ka palupalu o ka beluga, e pili ana i ka nui o ka wahine, ʻo nā mamao mai 500 tausani a hoʻokahi miliona (ma nā hanana kūikawā, a hiki i ka 5 miliona mau hua).
ʻO ke ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻo ka beluga he mau iwi kūʻokoʻa, akā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale me ka sterlet, stellate sturgeon, spike a firmgeon. Me ke kōkua o ka insemination kūlohelohe, hiki ke kūpono - beluga-sterlet (maikaʻi loa) - ua loaʻa. Hoʻokomo kūpaʻa ʻia nā māla Sturgeon i loko o ka ʻulāʻau (ʻuʻuna) mahiʻai.
Pili ʻo Beluga i nā ʻano a me nā kaʻao he nui. No ka laʻana, i ka wā kahiko, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe lawaiʻa e pili ana i kahi pōhaku make kupaianaha, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻōla i kekahi kanaka mai nā maʻi āpau, pale aku i nā haunaele, e mālama ana i ka moku mai ka ʻino a ua hopu i kahi hopu maikaʻi.
Manaʻo nā lawaiʻa e hiki ke loaʻa kēia pōhaku ma ka ʻōpū o ka beluga nui, a ʻo kona nui e like me ka hua moa manu - he ʻele a me ka ʻano o ka like. Hiki i ka mea nona ka pōhaku ke kūʻai aku iā ia no kahi huahana kūʻai loa ʻia, akā ʻaʻole naʻe maopopo ia - aia maoli nā pōhaku, a ua hoʻowahāwahā ʻia nā mea akamai iā lākou. ʻOiai i kēia mau lā, hoʻomau ke hoʻomau nei kekahi mau māka.
ʻO kekahi moʻoolelo kahi e hoʻopuni ai ka beluga me kahi halo nui ʻole - ka ʻona o ka beluga. Ua manaʻo kekahi kekahi i ka momona o ka iʻa lau a i ʻole ka beluga i mea make ʻia, hiki ke hele a lele ʻo like me ka ʻīlio a me ka ʻīlio paha, a hiki i kāna ʻiʻo ke ʻona. ʻAʻole i ʻike kahi hōʻike i kēia
Ua pau loa kēia wā o Beluga. ʻAʻole kahi ʻano nui no kēia ʻano.
Nā hale hana kahiko a i kēia manawa
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ko lākou pālahalaha i ka ʻākau ʻākau, kahi e noho ai lākou i nā muliwai a me nā moana ma ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.
ʻOiai ka ʻoi a puni ka honua i kēlā me kēia mau mea he 20 mau ʻano ʻano o ka paʻa kūkaʻa, i loaʻa nā pono like i nā kūlana ola a me ke kaiapuni, he like ʻano like lākou.
Ke komo ʻana i ka iʻa, e noho ana ma Caspian, Azov a me ʻĀlau ʻae, e komo i nā muliwai no ka spawning. I ka wā ma mua, ua lehulehu loa ka beluga, akā i ka wā i lilo ʻole ai kāna ulu ʻana.
ʻO ka Danube a me ke Kai ʻEleʻele i ka manawa hoʻokahi ke ʻano ikaika no ka lawe ʻana i ke ano o nā beluga he nui - a hiki i 6 mau ʻano like ʻole. I kēia manawa, nalowale kekahi o nā ʻano, a ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia ke koena ʻelima me ka pau loa.
Ma ke kai ʻo Caspian, pili nui ka beluga. For spawning, komo i loko o Volga, a nui liʻiliʻi - i nā Urals a me nā Kura, a me Terek. Noho ʻo Amur firmgeon ma ka Hikina mamao aʻe. Ma kahi kokoke i nā hale noho waiwai ma Rūsia e kūpono no ka habitgeon habitat. I ka wā kahiko, ua paʻa nā mea paʻa i loko o ka Neva.
ʻO ka lawaiʻa nui a me ka mākeke caviar
ʻO ka lawaiʻa nui nui - i hoʻokahi manawa kū kānāwai, a i kēia manawa lōkino - ʻo ia kekahi o nā hoʻoweliweli pololei i ka hiki ʻana o ka Danube firmgeon. Ma muli o ko lākou mau holo ʻana o ke ola a me ka wā lohi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā puʻukū ka nui loa o ka piha ʻana, ka ʻohana e holo ai i nā makahiki he nui e hoʻi.
I ka makahiki 2006, ʻo Romania ka ʻāina mua e hoʻolaha ana i ka pāpā ʻana i ka lawaiʻa kūkaʻi. Hoʻopau ka ʻauhau he ʻumi makahiki i ka hopena o 2015. Ma hope o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka EU, ua hoʻolaha hoʻi ʻo Bulgaria i kahi pāpā ma ka lawaiʻa stabilgeon. ʻOiai ke pāpā, ke hoʻomau nei nā poʻi e pālahalaha loa ma ka ʻāina o Danube, ʻoiai he mea paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kīʻaha pilikino. Ua kaulana loa aia ua kūleʻa ka mākeke caviar. ʻO kekahi kumu no ka hoʻopihapiha ʻana ʻo ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka caviar. ʻO nā caviar i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma Bulgaria a hiki ke kūʻai ʻia i ʻo Romania ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o EU. Mahalo i ka noiʻi noiʻi caviar mua i hana ʻia ma Bulgaria a me Romania ma 2011-2012, ua hiki i nā poʻe loea mai ka World Wide Fund for Nature ke hiki ke hoʻopili i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā kirimana ma ʻEulopa.
ʻO Danube Beluga, nā makahiki like me ka dinosaurs
Ua hoʻohuli aʻe ʻo Iron Gate Dam i kahi ala hele lele
ʻO ka lōkahi no ka puhi manu kekahi o nā mea nui i ka nui o ke ʻano o ke ola kūlohelohe o nā solidgeons āpau ma ka Danube. I ka wā ma mua, piʻi ʻo beluga i ka wai i Serbia, a i nā wahi mamao, hiki aku i hōʻea ʻo Passau i ka hikina o Bavaria, akā i kēia manawa ua kālai mua ʻia kona ala ma waena o Danube.
Aia ma lalo o ka Pōkuhi Wili, ma ka lehele ʻo Jardap Gorge ma waena, ma waena o Romania a me Serbia, ʻo ka Hydroelectric Power Station a me ka Iron Gate Reservoir ka nui loa ma ka Danube āpau. Kūkulu ʻia kahi kikowaena wai hydroelectric ma 942 a me 863 mau mile o ka muliwai kahawai o ka Danube Delta. A hopena, e ke kaupalena ʻana i ke ala o ka neʻe i ka iʻa o ka solidgeon i 863 mau kilomita, a hoʻopau loa i ka mea nui e moe ana i ke kikowaena waena o Danube. A ke hopena, huli ʻia nā mea paʻa i ka paʻa o ka kahawai ma ke alo o ka ʻōpū, a ʻaʻole i hiki hou iā ia ke hoʻomau i ko lākou ʻano, millennia-kahiko, kaona mua o ka pūnaewele spawning. Laka i loko o ia mau ʻano lilihule, ʻike ka lehulehu paʻa i ka hopena maikaʻi loa o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana a nalowale kāna ʻano genetic.
Ua nalo aku ʻo Beluga ma ka Danube
Pono nā Sturgeon e hoʻololi i nā loli. Hoʻololi koke kēia mau hoʻololi i ka spawning, hoʻoilo, ke hiki ke ʻimi maikaʻi i ka meaʻai maikaʻi, a hiki i ka huli ʻana i ke kuʻuna. Kui ka hapanui kūkaʻi nui ma ka ʻaoʻao puhaka ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o Danube, kahi i waiho ai i kā lākou mau ʻimi. Pono e hoʻoulu ʻia ke kuʻi manuahi ma ka hohonu hohonu ma kahi pālahalaha o 9-15 mau kiʻekiʻe.
Ua hōʻeha nui ʻia ka lehulehu o ka puali paʻa ʻana ma muli o ka nalowale o ka pae hoʻoili mua ma ka Danube. Ke hoʻoikaika nei i nā kaila a hoʻokaʻawale i ka muliwai i nā waʻaahi, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hana ʻenehana ikaika e pale aku ai i nā kahe wai, hōʻemi i nā waikahe kūlohelohe a me nā ʻāina nā ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana kaʻina ma kahi o 80%. ʻO Navigation kekahi o nā hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ka pae o ka firmgeon, ʻo ka mea nui ma muli o nā hana e komo ai ka hohonu a me ka hana maʻa o ka kahawai. ʻO ka hoʻopauʻana i ke one a me ka mahele, nā loli ʻāina i hana ʻia e ka ʻōpū o ka moku i mea e loaʻa ai kahi pōʻino i ka poʻe paʻa i loko o ka Danube.
ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka iʻa kaona Danube sturgeon e ʻike nui a inā ʻole ʻoe e lawe i ka hoʻokuʻi a me nā hana radical, a laila ma hope o kahi mau minuke ua ʻike ʻia kēia iʻa keu nani a ʻike ʻia i loko o nā hale hana. ʻO ia ke kumu ʻo ke Kōmike Nui no ka palekana o ka Danube, me ka World Wide Fund for Nature a me ke Kōmike ʻEulopa, ma ke ʻano he Hoʻolālā ʻĀwili Eulopa no ka Moku Danube, e lawelawe ana i nā papahana a me nā haʻawina a me ka manaʻo e hoʻomohala i nā hana e hoʻopakele ai i ka Danube beluga.
Pono ke kāhea lawaiʻa ʻana o Beluga i ka iʻa - iʻa no kona nui nui . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā kai ʻeleʻele a me Caspian ke noho mau ʻana o ka beluga; ua loaʻa iā lākou ma ka Adriatic a me ke kai Mediterranean. He aloha lōʻihi kēia iʻa, hiki ke noho i 100 mau makahiki a waiho i nā hua i nā manawa he nui i kona ola. Hoʻohana ʻo Beluga i nā mollusks, nā mea kanu, ka iʻa.
He mea hoʻohemo kēia. Nā ducklings, nā pēpē pēpē i loaʻa ma loko o ka ʻōpū . ^ E Ha yM. I ka wā i hiki ai ʻo ia i wā pālolo, hele ka beluga i kahi i loko o nā wai wai wai. A manaʻo ʻia ʻo Beluga spawning manawa e hāʻule mai Mei a Iune a kū i hoʻokahi mahina. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Caviar i nā kahawai hohonu-hohonu me kahi o ka wikiwiki a me ka pā pōhaku. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i kahi kūpono, ʻaʻole e hoʻolei nā beluga i nā hua, e hoʻohemo ʻē ʻia i loko o ka iʻa. Ke kiʻi i ko lākou wahi no ka pohā puna, ke ʻano hoʻoilo ʻo Beluga i ka hoʻoilo i loko o nā kahawai, ʻā ʻoi a māhuahua me ke kuihue. Hiki i ka wahine hoʻokahi ke lawe aku i 320 kg o ka caviar.
ʻAno hina ka poli o ka hua ʻōlapa. ʻAi ʻia ka caviar Beluga e nā iʻa ʻē, i lawe ʻia e kēia wā. Ma kahi o 100,000 huaʻai, 1 mau mea e ola nei . ^ E Ha yM. ʻPiopio, ua noho ʻo ia i hoʻokahi mahina ma kahi o ke kuahiʻu, ʻōwili i loko o ke kai.He nui meaʻaiʻai nui ʻo Beluga caviar. ʻO ia ke kumu i hopu ʻia ai ka iʻa i nā nui, nā mea i hōʻemi ai i kāna helu.
Ke ʻoki ʻia nei ka kūʻai ʻana aku o ka caviar beluga ma ke kānāwai . ^ E Ha yM. Ma hope o ka palaʻai, luhi ka pōloli pōloli me ka ʻimi. ʻAno nā ʻeke wahine kahiko i nā mea i hiki ʻole: driftwood, pōhaku. Kūʻokoʻa lākou i nā poʻe ʻōpio me ke poʻo nui a me ke kino hina. ʻAʻole ʻai nā kūpuna i kēlā iʻa.
E hopu i ka beluga, nā lawaiʻa e hele i ke kai, holo 3 km mai ke kahakai . ^ E Ha yM. Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi pou, pono ʻoe e loaʻa i kahi e nui ai nā pōhaku ʻōpala i lalo, kahi e hōʻike ai ka wahi no ka beluga. ʻO kahi ʻōmole he makana, asp, hū. Ke huki nei i ka iʻa i loaʻa i ka moku, pono e mālama pono kekahi, no ka mea aia kekahi manawa i hoʻohoka ʻia kahi iʻa nui a ʻike ka lawaiʻa i ka wai. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Beluga i ka Buke Red a he mea ia i ka lawaiʻa hākinakina. Pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi hopu pio.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, ʻo ka beluga he iʻa kūʻai maʻamau. Loaʻa nā ʻona o kēia iʻa i ka Danube a me ka Dnieper, Volga. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o nā kumu kūlohelohe maoli, i hōʻemi nui ka nui o ka beluga.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā pākeke, ʻo 98% ka mau mea ʻona . ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokomo nui kahi pua o beluga a me ka sterlet - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ulu lāʻau.
Loaʻa nā moʻolelo i ʻike ʻia ʻo belask ma ke kaupaona ʻana he 1.5 tons, 2 mau mea, ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia kēia mau ʻike. I ka 1922, ke Kai Caspian ka lapalapa ʻoi loa ma ka honua, he 1224 kg ka nui . ^ E Ha yM. Ua hōʻike ka hale moʻomeheu o Kazan i kahi beluga 4.17 m ka lōʻihi, ua loaʻa i ka hoʻomaka o 20 ma ka Volga haʻahaʻa. A hopu ʻia, kaupaʻa ka iʻa 1000 kg. E kūʻai ʻo ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Astrakhan i kahi beluga i kālai ʻia, ua hopu ʻia ma ka pūkela Volga a kaupaona 966 kg.
Hiki iā mākou ke kapa iā Beluga ka iʻa ʻona loa. Nui nā mau ʻike e pili ana i ka hopu ʻana o ka beluga i ke kaupaona ʻo 500, 800 kg . ^ E Ha yM. Loaʻa lākou a pau i ka hopena o ka 19 - hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 20. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka maʻamau ka nui o kēia iʻa mai 60 a 250 kg.
ʻO nā mea kanu mana Hydroelectric, nā mea mālama, nā kāmela - pili kēia i nā hua hou, ka ulu a me ka ola o ka iʻa.
Ke hōʻike nei mākou iā ʻoe i kahi wikiō o ka beluga nui i hopu ʻia ma Atyrau.
ʻO Beluga kekahi iʻa no ka ʻohana o nā paʻa paʻa, kahi kauoha paʻa. He holoholona waiwai nui ia, ua loaʻa ʻia i nā nui he nui no ka manawa lōʻihi, no ka mea, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia kona nui, a ʻo kēia mau mea he manu make.
ʻO kēia ʻano nui ka iʻa o ka wai wai nui loa mai ka firmgeon. ʻO ka hopu ʻana o nā mea e hōʻea ana i ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 4.2 m ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia.ʻO ka nui ka nui he 1.5 tons. ʻ. Nā kānaka lawaiʻa e ʻike ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka beluga ka nui, ua hiki i 9 m ka lōʻihi a he kaupaona ma mua o 2 mau paona, akā ʻo kēia mau ʻike aole i hoopaa e kekahi mea. ʻO ka laulā like o ka iʻa he liʻiliʻi: ʻoi aku ka mea i hele mai ma waena o ka beluga, ke kaumaha ma mua o 300 kg.
Ua like ʻia ke ʻano o kēia mea noho ma lalo o ke kai e like me ke ʻano o nā ʻelemaka o nā kūʻokoʻa: pili loa ke kino, ākea, puni. Halapa ʻia ke kino o ka beluga i ka huelo. He lei pale-ashy ka pāpale. He māmā ka ʻōpū, keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo, ʻalani hiki i kahi melemele.
ʻAʻole pono ke hilahila ʻo Beluga a me beluga. I ka wā ma mua, ua kapa ʻia nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua i ka mammal, ʻo kēia manawa "beluga" ʻo ia ka iʻa, "beluga" ʻo ia ka pā iʻa.
Ka noho ʻana a me ke ʻano
ʻAʻohe like o kēia mau ʻenemi i kēia mau ʻenemi. Eia naʻe, hiki i nā hua ʻai ke ʻai i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopau kekahi mau ʻāpana a lalo i ka ʻōpala a me ka palaoa. Hiki ke ʻai ʻia ka ʻōpio nui o kēia ʻano paʻa o ka ʻano paʻa i ka iʻa e ulu ʻia ʻana o kēia iʻa nui predatory.
Nui kekahi nui o nā kānaka o lalo o ka wai, kahi o nā ʻelele nui o nā ʻano wai kai nui loa e ʻai ai - a e hoʻolele ai ka beluga i ka poʻe i liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēia mau ʻano liʻiliʻi iʻa, nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi, nā mollusks, nā crustaceans, a me nā pūnāwai wai. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pahu i ka wā i loaʻa ai ke koena o nā ʻīlio ʻōpiopio i ka ʻōpū o nā poʻe i hopu ʻia. ʻO ka palaoa ʻai i ka huahe pepeke, zooplankton.
ʻO nā pono o ka ʻiʻo beluga
He ʻai momona ka iʻa o kēia iʻa ma mua o nā ʻelele mau ʻohana o ka ʻohana firmgeon. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi a me kāna kiko momona. No kēia kumu, hiki ke hoʻohana nui i ka huahana i kahi meaʻai. ʻO ka protein i loko o ia mea e maʻalahi ia e ke kino o ke kanaka. Aia ka huaʻala A, D, PP, E, C, hao, kalala, phosphorus, magnesium, molybdenum, potassium, fluorine, sodium. ʻO ka hoʻonohonohoʻana o ka pulp i loko kekahi o nā mea momona omega-3, waʻa amino, e komo pū i nā mea pono. ʻAi ʻia ka waiū: hiki iā lākou ke ʻai hou ʻia a i ʻole i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopiha.
He kōkua maikaʻi ka Beluga caviar uliuli pū kekahi. ʻO kēia huahana kūʻai nui he nui nā mea kanu. Ua manaʻo ʻia he mea kānalua.
ʻAʻole pono e ʻai ʻia ka ʻai Beluga no nā maʻi maʻi, nā maʻi kūlohelohe, nā maʻi ʻeha, ka maʻi diabetes mellitus, gastritis, edema. I kēia mau hihia, hiki ke hōʻeha i ke kino.
Beluga ʻōpiopio
Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka lehulehu, ua loli ka kūlana o nā ʻano "ʻeha". Ua helu lōʻihi ʻo Beluga i ka Red Book i pale aku ai i nā poachers. Ma muli o kēia, ua palena ʻole ka lawaiʻa ʻana; ma kekahi mau ʻāina ua pāpā ʻia ʻo ia e hopu i kēia mau kānaka i lalo o ka wai. E hoʻihoʻi i ka nui o nā ʻano, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe: ka poʻe kānaka bel bel i loko o nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
Me ke kōkua o ka hana hoʻopiʻi kūlohelohe, kahi kīpiha hiki ke hāpai i nā hua kō i hoʻopiha ʻia i ka Don ma Volga. No ka loaʻa ʻana, ua hala ʻia ka beluga me kahi payel. Ua noho hou ʻia ka poʻe hopena i ke kai o Azov. Eia kekahi, hoʻopuni ʻia nā kaila ʻana ma o lākou.
Hoʻokomo pū ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mea kanu i kekahi mahiʻai akuʻa kūloko.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
- Hoʻomaka ka paona kalepa o ka beluga ma ka 5 kilograms, eia naʻe ka nui o ka iʻa beluga i hiki ke lōʻihi o 7 mau mika a keu i ke kaupaona hoʻokahi a me ka hapa tons.
- ʻO ka iʻa, hele i ka spawn, e hoʻāʻo e ʻimi i kahi kūpono kūpono no lākou iho, inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ʻia, ʻaʻole paha i hakina paha.
- Hoʻomaka i ke kiko, ua haki ka beluga i ka lalo a waiho i nā hua i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka nui o nā nui a me nā ʻehā.
- Pale i kahi miliona o hua moa, mahalo nui ʻia e nā amateurs mai a puni ka honua.
Kāleka
ʻO Beluga ka nui o ka nui: ʻo ke kaupaona ke like me hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua tons, a ʻo ke lōʻihi e hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻehā mau mika. ʻO kekahi o ka mea ʻike maka ʻē aʻe i ʻike i ka belask e hele ana i ka lōʻihi o ka ʻeiwa mau kaʻe. Ināʻoiaʻiʻo kēia mau mea āpau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻole, a laila hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ka beluga i ka iʻa wai nui loa ma ka honua. He kino paʻa kona a me ka nui.
ʻO ka ʻōlapa a ka beluga me ka like me kahi puaʻa: ʻo kona moʻo, e like me ka piglet, he pokole a pāpū ia, a me ka waha oʻuhikiʻi, ʻaʻohe niho, ka mea e haehae ʻia ma nā ʻāpana āpau o ke poʻo, i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā lehelehe mānoʻa, he ʻano maʻi like ʻole. ʻO nā pipi wale nō ka beluga nā niho, a ma hope o ka manawa pokole ua nalo aku lākou. ʻO ka antennae e waiho ana mai lalo mai ka lehelehe a hōʻea i ka waha a i lalo iki i lalo. Kahi liʻiliʻi nā maka o kēia iʻa, no laila ke kipa ʻia me ka nui o ke ʻano o ka ʻohu.
He hoihoi! Mai ka inoa Latin hua ʻia ʻo Beluga (Huso huso) i unuhi ʻia he "puaʻa. A, inā ʻoe e nānā hele ʻokoʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka like o kēia mau mea ʻelua ma kahi mea a me waho a ma o kā lākou mana hoʻi.
He ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona kāne a me nā wahine o ka beluga, a ua uhi ʻia ke kino me nā ʻāpana nui. Kahi ʻia nā kaulike me nā rhombs a ʻaʻole e pale i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ke kapa ʻia kēia ʻanoʻano i kapa ʻia he ganoid. He ʻili a hina ka hina o Beluga, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū.
ʻO Habitat, noho
Noho ʻo Beluga ma ke Kaiʻula, ma ka Azov a me kahi Caspian. ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi maʻamau, loaʻa nō hoʻi i ka Adriatic. E heleʻe ana i loko o Volga, Don, Danube, Dnieper a me Dniester. ʻO ka pinepine, akā hiki ke hālāwai iā ia i nā Urals, Kura a Terek. He pōpono liʻiliʻi loa nā ʻike e ʻike ʻia ai ka beluga ma ka Pihi Maʻa a i ʻole kahakai ʻo Crimea.
I ka wā i hele aku ai ka Beluga ma Volga i Tver, ma ka Dnieper e piʻi i Kiev, a ma ka muliwai Ural a hiki i Orenburg, a ma ka ʻaoʻao iā Kura i Tbilisi ʻo ia iho.Akā no kekahi manawa i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia kēia i kēia makaʻi. ʻO kēia ke kumu nui o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka beluga i hiki ke piʻi aʻe ma muli o ke kālai ʻia ʻana o ke ala o nā mea kanu mana hydroelectric. Ma mua, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia i loko o nā muliwai e like me ke Oka, Sheksna, Kama a me Sura.
ʻAiʻai Beluga
ʻO ka pā o ka wā i hānau ʻia nei, ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana, ʻaʻole e kau ʻia ma mua o ʻehiku mau pākēleka, hānai i ka plankton muliwai, a me nā huaʻala o nā pala, nā lele caddis, caviar a me ka pā o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, e komo pū ana me nā mea ʻole e pili ana i ka ʻano paʻa. ʻAi ʻia ka beluga i ka ʻōpiopio kūwaho uʻi a me ka paʻa. Kāne ʻōpiopio ka ʻāpiopio i kā cannibalism. Ke ulu nui a beluga ʻōpio, ua loli pū kekahi.
Ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o nā manamana lima mai ke kahawai a hiki i ke kai, ʻai nō lākou i ka pōpoki, mollusks a me nā ʻano iʻa, e like me nā gobies a i ʻole nā sprats, a me ka pī o ke kuʻi puaʻa a me nā cyprinids, a hiki i ʻelua mau makahiki ʻelua. I ka hiki ʻana i ʻelua mau makahiki, lilo ʻo beluga i mau mea wī. Ma kēia e pili ana iā 98% o kā lākouʻai ʻana i ka iʻa. ʻOkoʻa nā mea makemake i kā ka meaʻai Beluga ma muli o ka manawa a me nā wahi hānai. Ma ke kai, ʻai nui kēia iʻa i ka makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, e ʻai iki ia. Ke haʻalele nei no ka hoʻoilo i nā muliwai, hoʻomaka mau ʻo ia e ʻai.
He hoihoi! ʻO nā meaʻai o nā holoholona hānai he nui ʻē aʻe nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma lalo, a ʻo ka nui loa ia o lākou - beluga a me kaluga - ʻai i ka iʻa. ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā iʻa iʻa, nā mea paʻa ʻē aʻe a me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe paha ko lākou mau mea i hōʻeha.
Ma ka ʻōpū o kekahi o ka belask i kāhea ʻia, loaʻa kahi paʻa paʻa paʻa, he nui ka roach a me ka bream. A ʻo kekahi wahine wahine o kēia ʻano mea i hopu aku i ʻelua kalima nui, ʻoi aku ʻoi aku ma kahi o ka ʻinū a me ʻekolu oki. Eia nō hoʻi, ua lilo ka pikeperch nui i kāna waiwai ma mua: ua loaʻa kona mau iwi i loko o ka ʻōpū i loko mai o ka beluga hoʻokahi.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻohe hana kūlohelohe maoli ka belugas. Akā, ʻo kā lākou hua, a me ka hua manu a me ka pākī e noho ana i nā muliwai, ʻai ʻia e ka iʻa kai waiʻala.
He hoihoi! ʻO Paradoxically, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka beluga, ʻo ia ka iʻa ponoʻī. ʻO ka mea ʻoi ke ulu ʻana o beluga i ka 5-8 cm ʻoliʻoli ʻai i ka caviar o ko lākou poʻe hoahānau i ka papa spawning.
Ka pae o nā kānaka a me nā kūlana
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 21, ua emi nui ka heluna o ka beluga, a ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ʻehā a ua helu ʻia ma Rusia a me ka International Red Book.
Ma ke kai kūlohelohe, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o kāna mau ʻano, hiki i ka beluga ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea paʻa ʻē aʻe e pili ana me ia. A i ka makahiki 1952, ma o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā kānaka ʻepekema, cūlū ʻia kahi kolamu o ka beluga a me ka sterlet, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka maikaʻi loa, ka mea. I kohu ʻia, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i loko o nā hale ʻai mea kūlohelohe, mai ka mea kūlohelohe, kahi i ʻike ʻia nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mea maikaʻi loa e mālama i nā nū maoli o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
He manu ʻokoʻa ʻo Beluga kahi i noho lōʻihi no ka manawa lōʻihi, a hiki i kona makahiki kiʻekiʻe ke hiki i nā makahiki he haneli. Hiki iā ia ke mokomoko ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i kona ola, a ma hope o ke kikoo ʻana i ka kiʻi i loko o ke kai. ʻO ke kaulike o nā wahine e hilinaʻi i ko lākou nui a i kekahi manawa e hiki ma kahi o 500,000 hua.
Ke kūlohelohe nei, ʻo ka beluga, kahi kiʻi hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma lalo nei, he ʻano kūʻokoʻa ia, akā naʻe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale me ka firmgeon, sterlet, spike a me ka stellate stabilgeon. ʻO nā māla Sturgeon e ulu maikaʻi loa i nā mahiʻai kūikawā.
Hoʻohui me kēia iʻa ʻano kupanaha nui nā moʻolelo a me nā kaʻao . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kekahi, ʻōlelo aku nā lawaiʻa kahiko e mālama pono ana ka pōhaku Beluga i kahi kanaka mai ka ʻino ma ke holo ʻana o ke kai a ua hopu ʻia nā mea hopu. Hiki ke loaʻa i kēia pōhaku, e like me nā lawaiʻa, nā keiki a beluga, a he ʻano moa ʻo ia. I ka wā kahiko, hiki i ka mea nona ka mea ke hoʻololi i ka pōhaku no kekahi waiwai mahal. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei nō lākou i kēia moʻomeheu, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻohe ʻikepili pololei e pili ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka pōhaku.
ʻOkoʻa ʻo Beluga i nā mea ʻē aʻe hāpua nui nui i ke ʻano o kahi lua, e like me ka ʻike ʻia e nā kiʻi he nui.He ʻumi hoʻi kāna ʻumi a pāpale ma nā ʻaoʻao. I loko o kahi ākea kikowaena aia kahi kaula i hoʻokumu ʻia mai nā membranes i hui pū ʻia.
Ma ke kua ke kau nei nā alaka, ʻo ka mea mua i ka poʻo ma kahi poʻo a he liʻi liʻiliʻi, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā koena. Ma nā kumulāʻau lōʻihi, ʻike ʻia nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi, ka mea i like me ke lau.
Pono ke kino cylindrical ākea ke kino, a pōkole loa ka ihu, e pili pū me ka huʻala. Paʻi ʻia ke kino i ka pale pua a lehu, a ʻoi aku ka māmā o kona ʻōpū. ʻO ka nui o ka paona hiki ke like me 1,500 kilograms me ka ʻāpana ʻōpala a hiki i ʻeono mau mika.
Huli a hoʻoneʻe
ʻAʻohe kahua no ka beluga no ka mea ua manaoia e he hele ana oia . ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaka ʻia ka spawning i loko o nā wai wai kai i komo iʻa mai loko mai o ke kai. Loaʻa ka mea nui hoʻokahi i ka ʻai wale nō ma ke kai (Black, Caspian a me Azov). ʻO ka mea hou loa, ua nui ka nui o ka iʻa a ʻaʻole kū ka lawaiʻa ʻana. No ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā caviar priceless, ua hopu pinepine ʻia nā wahine.
Ma ke kai ʻo Caspian, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka beluga ma nā wahi a pau, a no ka hakiluma, lele ʻo ia i Volga, Urals, Terek a me Kura. Eia kekahi mea mai 1961 a 1989, hiki i ka lawaiʻa a i ʻole ma Volgograd, i pili pū kekahi me ua kūkulu ʻia kahi iʻa o ka iʻa, nā kiʻi kahiko e hiki ke nānā ʻia ma ka Pūnaewele.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Beluga ma ke Kaiʻula kokoke i ke kapakai ʻo Crimean ma kēlā mau wahi kahi i loaʻa o ka ʻehuna halepule. ʻIke ʻia nā kānaka nui ma kahi kokoke i Zaporozhye a me Dnepropetrovsk - ʻo ko lākou paona ma kahi o 300 kilograms.
He aha nā meaʻai o Beluga?
Ma muli o ke kānāwai, ʻo ka iʻa nui e koi i ka nui o nā meaʻai, a ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻai no ia ma ka muliwai. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai, hele ʻo ia i kai. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia kēia iʻa ma ka kolamu wai i kahi hohonu. ʻO ka mea nui ʻo ka ʻona ʻana i lawa nā mea ʻala kūpono i nā meaʻai. Ma ke Kai ʻEleʻele, noho nā kānaka i kahi hohonu a hiki i 180 mika, a ma ke Kai Caspian - a hiki i ka 140 mika. Hoʻohana ka poʻe ʻōpiopio i nā invertebrates mai lalo o ke kai i mea ʻai. I ka hiki ʻana aku o ka belugat i ʻumi paha kenimika, hoʻomaka lākou i ka ʻimi no nā kaikuaʻana liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke hele ʻana o ke kaʻina o kā lākou mālama i ke kiʻi a me ke wikiō ma ka Pūnaewele.
ʻO nā kānaka nui loa ka poʻe i ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, e like me:
- Haʻa moana,
- Anchovy,
- Herring,
- Nā lālā pilikino o ka ʻohana ʻokiʻoki.
Nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa
He kāne maikaʻi loa ʻo Beluga i nā keiki he 14 a ʻoi paha nā makahiki, a ʻo nā wahine keu he 18 o kona mau makahiki. ʻO ka iʻa, ua hiki i ka wā ʻōpiopio, e ʻauʻau mai ke kai i nā wai wai wai wai no nā mahi hoʻomake. Kauka i ka manawa i komo ai ka beluga i ka wai, hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ka hopena a me ke kau o ka pūnāwai:
- E kaʻe ʻana ʻo Spring ma ka muliwai mai ka hopena o Ianuali a ma laila a hiki i Mei. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma ka haki ʻana i ka mahina o Iune.
- Hele mai ka wā kanu i loko o kahi waihona waiwai ma ʻAukake a noho mau ma laila a hiki i Dekemaba. Pēlā ma ke kānāwai, e hānau ana i nā lua wai hohonu, a hoʻomaka e hānai i ka pūnāwai.
Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā hua moa o ka beluga ma nā ʻano like like me nā iwi ʻē aʻe - ma waho. I ka wā hoʻomaha, ʻike nā māka lawaiʻa i ka iʻa mai loko mai o ka hale kō, a nui ka poʻe i hopu i kēia ma ke kiʻi. Manaʻo nā mea hōʻike e hana ʻo ia i kēia e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o caviar. Hoʻololi ka helu o ka hua ma ka ʻāina o 200,000 - 8,000,000 ʻāpana. No ka paliki nā hua, pili pono lākou i nā pōhaku. Ma ke ana wela o 12.6-13.8 degere, ua mau ka wā inkubation ma kahi o ʻewalu mau lā, me ka pīhoihoi o ka pī e kokoke koke a lele i loko o ke kai.
ʻO Beluga ka iʻa nui loa
Ua loaʻa kēia iʻa ʻokoʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi, no laila ʻaʻole ia no ka mea wale nōkapa ʻia ʻo iʻa ka iʻa . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka iʻa nui loa ka hopu ʻia he 4.17 mika ka lōʻihi a ua kaupaona paha ma kahi he 1 mau wahi i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka hale kākala o Tatarstan. ʻAʻole ʻike ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole ka manawa leʻaleʻa i kēia "hana" ola i ka iʻa ma ke kiʻi.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia ka nui o kēia beluga, ʻoiai ka mea lawaiʻa e lawaiʻa ana i kahi kanaka ʻeiwa hoʻokahi a kaupaona ana e pili ana i 2 mau mea i ʻike ʻia.I kēia mau lā hiki ʻole ke hopu ʻia kekahi iʻa nui, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia ka pīpī i ka beluga me ka wikiwiki.
ʻO ka iʻa Beluga ʻokoʻa
Beluga - ʻo ia ka nui o ka iʻa kai hou a ʻānō i kēia manawa. Hoʻokumu kahi kāne iā ia no ka caviar waiwai, hoʻololi i nā ala maʻamau o ka spawning, hōʻino a me nā mea haumia. E like me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻoweliweli ʻia, he ʻokoʻa maoli ka beluga. No ke aha lā kēia, a ʻo wai beluga ka nui i ka honua - e heluhelu e pili ana ia ma ka ʻatikala.
Nā mea paʻa palapala
ʻO kekahi mau spimimens i hopu maoli ʻia i kā lākou nui. He nui o lākou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i ko lākou nui a me ke kaumaha. ʻO wai ka mea lanakila ma waena o ka beluga:
- Aia he mauʻike ʻo Belugs i ke kaupaona ʻana he 2 mau mile a hiki i 9 m, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i kākau ʻia,
- Ma 1827, i ka lalo o Volga, i hopu ʻia ai ka beluga e kaupaona ana he 90 paona / 1.5 tons / 9 m loa, e like me "Ka noiʻi ʻana i ka mokuahi lawaiʻa ma Lūkia" mai 1861,
I ka Mei 11, 1922, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi wahine wahine beluga he 1224 kg ma loko o ke kai Caspian, he 146.5 kg o nā caviar i loaʻa ma loko, ua kau ʻo kona poʻo i ka 288 kg, a me kona kino - 667 kg.
Loaʻa ʻo Beluga i ke kai ʻo Caspian i loko o ka makahiki hoʻokahi i ka makahiki 1924, ua loaʻa i loko o 246 kg nā caviar ma loko.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 20, kahi beluga 4.17 m ka lōʻihi, ke kaupaona nei i hoʻokahi ton, ua hoʻololi ʻia ma Volga haʻahaʻa. Ua manaʻo ʻia kona makahiki he 60-70 mau makahiki. Ke mālama ʻia nei ka holoholona holoholona i mālama ʻia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Tatarstan ma Kazan,
ʻO kekahi mea hoʻoili beluga ʻē aʻe, ke kaupaona nei ʻo 966 kg a ua ulu a hiki i 4 m 20 cm, ke hōʻike ʻia nei i loko o ka hale kākala o Astrakhan. Mālama ʻia kēia iʻa ma ka Volga Delta i 1989, ʻoi loa hoʻi na nā poachers. Ka lawe ʻana i nā hua, ua hōʻike ʻole lākou me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea i kaulana. Pono ke kaʻa e lawe aku ai i ke kupapaʻu. Kau ʻia kona makahiki ma 70-75 mau makahiki.
I ka hopena o XIX - hoʻomaka i nā kenekulia XX he nui mau hōʻike e pili ana i ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa me ke kau he 500-800 kg. I kēia manawa, ma muli o nā ʻano hoʻopiʻi ʻana, ʻaʻole maʻamau ʻo Beluga ma mua o 250 kg. ʻO kahi mea kupaianaha he wahine nui loa nā beluga. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne Beluga ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻO kēia manawa koke ua kālai ʻia nā lawaiʻa o kēia iʻa, a kākau ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia. ʻOiai naʻe, hoʻopiʻi ka poʻe poʻomanaʻo i nā kumu kūʻai āpau, no ka mea, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka caviar beluga ma ka mākekeʻeleʻele ma Lūkini e $ 600 no ke kilokilo, a ma kahi ʻē aʻe - $ 7000!
ʻOi aku ka pōʻino o ka lawaiʻa ma mua o ka lawaiʻa ʻenehana, no ka mea ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ia i ka wā a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, a ʻaʻole paha i ka hopena o ka wā e hiki mai nei ke ʻano he hanana like ʻole o ke ʻano o nā holoholona i ʻike ʻia a ʻike wale ʻia nā hua aʻoaʻo mai nā hōʻike ʻana i nā waihona.
Ua ʻōlelo lākou, ʻo ia nō ke aliʻi-beluga. A ma ka Pūnaewele ua hū hou ka MEM hou i ke ʻano o kahi pōpoki kaumaha a me ka pōkoki paʻakikī - he iʻa kaumaha. E ʻike hou kākou e pili ana iā ia ...
ʻO kēia ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Astrakhan o Local Lore.
E loaʻa i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Astrakhan ʻelua mau beluga hoʻopaʻa - hoʻokahi 4 mika (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e Nicholas II i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kazan) a ʻo ka nui loa - 6-mika. ʻo ka beluga nui, ʻeono mita. Hopu lākou iā ia ma ka manawa like me he ʻehā mita anana, i ka makahiki 1989, ua hopu ʻo Poachers i ka beluga nui loa o ka honua, ʻōpī i nā hua, a laila kāhea i ka hale moʻomeheu a ʻōlelo i kahi e ʻohi ai i kahi "iʻa" ka nui o kahi pā nui.
Ke ola nei no kahi ʻoi aku 200 miliona mau makahiki, nā mea paʻa - ua kokoke kēia i nā mea e pau ai. Ma Danube, ma ka ʻāina o Romania a me Bulgaria, ua ola kekahi o nā neʻe ikaika kūkaʻi ma ʻEulopa. ʻO Danube firmgeon kekahi o nā hōʻailona nui loa e pili ana i kahi ʻalemai kūlohelohe. Noho ka hapanui o lākou ma ke Kai ʻEleʻele a lele i ka Danube no spawning. Hiki lākou i ka 6 mika ka lōʻihi a noho i 100 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻowahāwahā barbaric, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka caviar, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea nui e hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei nā mea paʻa. ʻO ka haʻalele ʻana i ka noho a hoʻonāukiuki i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lele Miggeon kekahi mea hoʻoweliweli nui kēia i kēia ʻano ʻano. Ke hoʻokau nei ka World + Nature Fund (WWF) me ka komo ʻana o ka Community Community, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) i hana i kēia mau pilikia i kēia mau makahiki i hala me ke kākoʻo o nā hui ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe.
ʻLelo a me kahi kumu
ʻO ka hua Sturgeon e loaʻa: beluga, stellate stabilgeon, sturgeon, sterlet. I ka moku'āina o ka fossil, ʻike ʻia nā ʻike palekana mai nā Eocene (85.8-70.6 miliona mau makahiki i hala).Ma nā hua ʻōlelo zoogeographic, nā mākaʻi o ka subfamily like me ka mea i loaʻa ma ka lima hoʻokahi ma ʻAmelika Hema a ma kekahi ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, nani maoli ka mea e ʻike ai i nā koena o ka manuahi i hala i loko o kēia ʻano ʻanoʻano o kēia ʻanoʻano. Ua ola lākou no kahi 200 miliona mau makahiki, a ola i ka wā i noho ai nā dinosaurs i ko mākou honua. Me ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, i nā kīwaha o nā iwi iwi, hoʻomanaʻo mai lākou iā mākou i nā wā kahiko, i pono ke koi kūikawā a i ʻole kahi mākau ikaika e hiki ke ola. Ua ola lākou i kā mākou mau lā, me ka loli ʻole.
Ka pōʻino, i kēia lā ua pilikia nā ʻano koa paʻa mau loa a i ʻole i pilikia i ka palena.
Sturgeon - ka nui wai iʻa
He Buke Nā moʻolelo a Beluga
ʻAʻole ʻo Beluga wale nō ka hapa nui loa o nā pehu pālani, akā ʻo ka iʻa nui loa o ka poʻe i hopu ʻia i loko o nā wai hou. Aia nā wā i loaʻa i kahi mau spimens a hiki i 9 mika lōʻihi a ke kaupaona nei a hiki i 2000 kg. I kēia mau lā, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā mea kaupaona ma mua o 200 kg; ua lilo a he mea weliweli loa ka loli
Ma ka "Research on the state fishing fishing in Russia," i ka makahiki 1861, haʻi ʻia e pili ana i ka beluga i loaʻa i ka makahiki 1827 ma Volga lalo, i kā ke ana 1,5 mau paona.
Ma Mei 11, 1922, ua hopu ʻia ka wahine he kau he 1224 kilokilo ma ka Caspian Sea, kokoke i ka waha o Volga, me 667 kilokilo e hāʻule ana ma kona kino, 288 kilokika i ke poʻo, a me 146.5 kilograms i nā caviar (ʻike i ke kiʻi). Eia hou hou, ua loaʻa ka wahine like o ka nui like me ke ana o ka Caspian i loko o ka Biryuchaya Spit wahi i 1924, he 246 kilogrami o caviar i loko ona, a ʻo ka huina o nā hua e kolo ana he 7,7 miliona.
Aia kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, i mua o ka waha o nā Urals i ka Mei 3, 1926, ua hopu ʻia kekahi wahine 75 mau makahiki he nui ke kaupaona ʻia ma mua o 1 tone a 4.24 mau mika, kahi he 190 kilokama o caviar. I loko o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ke Aupuni ʻo Tatarstan ma Kazan, kahi i kālai ʻia ai ʻo beluga he 4.17 mau mika, ua loaʻa iā Volga ma lalo o ka makahiki 20 o ke kenekulia. ʻO kona paona ma ka hopu ʻia ʻana ma kahi o 1000 kilograms, ʻo ka makahiki o ka iʻa he 60-70 mau makahiki.
I ʻOkakopa 1891, i ka wā i ʻaihue ai ka makani i ka wai mai ke kahakai o Taganrog o ke Kai o Azov, he kanaka kīkoi e hele ana ma kahakai hāmele, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he beluga i loko o kekahi pīlio, ua huki ʻia he 20 paona (327 kg), he 3 mauʻu (49 kg) he caviar.
Hele nā mea paʻa a pau i ka lōʻihi no ka hoʻopailua ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Pili kekahi i waena o ka paʻakai a me ka wai i ka wai, aʻo nā mea'ē aʻe - ke ola wale nō ko lākou ola a pau i nā wai hou. Kēleʻa lākou i ka wai o ka wai, a loaʻa iā lākou kahi lōʻihi o ke ola lōʻihi, ʻoiai lākou e koi ai i nā makahiki, a i kekahi manawa he mau makahiki, e hiki i ka wā e ulu ai, i ka wā e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻohua hua. ʻOiai hoʻonaninani ʻo ka hoʻōho a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana, a hilinaʻi i ka pae i loaʻa, kūpono a me ke ʻano, nā pūnaewele spawning kikoʻī, ka pinepine a me ka lele. Hiki i ke kūlohelohe kūlohelohe ma waena o kekahi mau ʻano o ka firmgeon. Hoʻopili i ka papa manawa i loko o ka muliwai no ka spawning, paʻa i kekahi manawa ke komo ka wai i ka hāʻule i ka hāʻule - no ka hoʻoilo. Mālama ʻia kēia mau iʻa ma ka haʻahaʻa.
Ma ke ala o ka hānai, ke beluga he mea hoʻohemo nui i hānai nui i nā iʻa, akā ma ka mollusks, ʻōpala, a me nā mea hihiu. Hoʻomaka ia e hoʻomaka i kahi palaoa i loko o ka muliwai. Ma ke kai, hānai nui ia ma ka iʻa (herring, tyulka, gobies, etc.), akā, ʻaʻole e hoʻopoina i ka ʻuala. Ma nā ʻōpū o ka Caspian beluga a loaʻa nā kekona (cubs) o ka hōʻailona.
Mālama ʻo Beluga i kāna hua
Beluga - kahi iʻa lōʻihi loa o ka iʻa a hiki i ka makahiki 100. ʻAʻole e like me kā Salmon salmon e make ma hope o ka spawning, beluga, e like me nā mea paʻa ʻē aʻe, hiki ke lele i nā manawa he nui i ko lākou ola. Ma hope o ke alakaʻi ʻana, e ʻōloʻe i ka moana. Kūpono nā kāne ʻo Caspian i ka wā belerty ma ka 13-18 makahiki, a ʻo nā wahine ma 16-27 (ʻoi aku ka 22-27) mau makahiki. ʻO ka kaulike o ka beluga, ma muli o ka nui o ka wahine, mai 500 tausani.a i hoʻokahi miliona (ma nā hihia koʻikoʻi, a hiki i ka 5 miliona mau hua).
ʻO ke ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻo ka beluga he mau iwi kūʻokoʻa, akā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale me ka sterlet, stellate sturgeon, spike a firmgeon. Me ke kōkua o ka insemination kūlohelohe, hiki ke kūpono - beluga-sterlet (maikaʻi loa) - ua loaʻa. Hoʻokomo kūpaʻa ʻia nā māla Sturgeon i loko o ka ʻulāʻau (ʻuʻuna) mahiʻai.
Pili ʻo Beluga i nā ʻano a me nā kaʻao he nui. No ka laʻana, i ka wā kahiko, ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe lawaiʻa e pili ana i kahi pōhaku make kupaianaha, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻōla i kekahi kanaka mai nā maʻi āpau, pale aku i nā haunaele, e mālama ana i ka moku mai ka ʻino a ua hopu i kahi hopu maikaʻi.
Manaʻo nā lawaiʻa e hiki ke loaʻa kēia pōhaku ma ka ʻōpū o ka beluga nui, a ʻo kona nui e like me ka hua moa manu - he ʻele a me ka ʻano o ka like. Hiki i ka mea nona ka pōhaku ke kūʻai aku iā ia no kahi huahana kūʻai loa ʻia, akā ʻaʻole naʻe maopopo ia - aia maoli nā pōhaku, a ua hoʻowahāwahā ʻia nā mea akamai iā lākou. ʻOiai i kēia mau lā, hoʻomau ke hoʻomau nei kekahi mau māka.
ʻO kekahi moʻoolelo kahi e hoʻopuni ai ka beluga me kahi halo nui ʻole - ka ʻona o ka beluga. Ua manaʻo kekahi kekahi i ka momona o ka iʻa lau a i ʻole ka beluga i mea make ʻia, hiki ke hele a lele ʻo like me ka ʻīlio a me ka ʻīlio paha, a hiki i kāna ʻiʻo ke ʻona. ʻAʻole i ʻike kahi hōʻike i kēia
Ua pau loa kēia wā o Beluga. ʻAʻole kahi ʻano nui no kēia ʻano.
Nā hale hana kahiko a i kēia manawa
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ko lākou pālahalaha i ka ʻākau ʻākau, kahi e noho ai lākou i nā muliwai a me nā moana ma ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.
ʻOiai ka ʻoi a puni ka honua i kēlā me kēia mau mea he 20 mau ʻano ʻano o ka paʻa kūkaʻa, i loaʻa nā pono like i nā kūlana ola a me ke kaiapuni, he like ʻano like lākou.
Ke komo ʻana i ka iʻa, e noho ana ma Caspian, Azov a me ʻĀlau ʻae, e komo i nā muliwai no ka spawning. I ka wā ma mua, ua lehulehu loa ka beluga, akā i ka wā i lilo ʻole ai kāna ulu ʻana.
ʻO ka Danube a me ke Kai ʻEleʻele i ka manawa hoʻokahi ke ʻano ikaika no ka lawe ʻana i ke ano o nā beluga he nui - a hiki i 6 mau ʻano like ʻole. I kēia manawa, nalowale kekahi o nā ʻano, a ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia ke koena ʻelima me ka pau loa.
Ma ke kai ʻo Caspian, pili nui ka beluga. For spawning, komo i loko o Volga, a nui liʻiliʻi - i nā Urals a me nā Kura, a me Terek. Noho ʻo Amur firmgeon ma ka Hikina mamao aʻe. Ma kahi kokoke i nā hale noho waiwai ma Rūsia e kūpono no ka habitgeon habitat. I ka wā kahiko, ua paʻa nā mea paʻa i loko o ka Neva.
ʻO ka lawaiʻa nui a me ka mākeke caviar
ʻO ka lawaiʻa nui nui - i hoʻokahi manawa kū kānāwai, a i kēia manawa lōkino - ʻo ia kekahi o nā hoʻoweliweli pololei i ka hiki ʻana o ka Danube firmgeon. Ma muli o ko lākou mau holo ʻana o ke ola a me ka wā lohi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā puʻukū ka nui loa o ka piha ʻana, ka ʻohana e holo ai i nā makahiki he nui e hoʻi.
I ka makahiki 2006, ʻo Romania ka ʻāina mua e hoʻolaha ana i ka pāpā ʻana i ka lawaiʻa kūkaʻi. Hoʻopau ka ʻauhau he ʻumi makahiki i ka hopena o 2015. Ma hope o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka EU, ua hoʻolaha hoʻi ʻo Bulgaria i kahi pāpā ma ka lawaiʻa stabilgeon. ʻOiai ke pāpā, ke hoʻomau nei nā poʻi e pālahalaha loa ma ka ʻāina o Danube, ʻoiai he mea paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kīʻaha pilikino. Ua kaulana loa aia ua kūleʻa ka mākeke caviar. ʻO kekahi kumu no ka hoʻopihapiha ʻana ʻo ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka caviar. ʻO nā caviar i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma Bulgaria a hiki ke kūʻai ʻia i ʻo Romania ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o EU. Mahalo i ka noiʻi noiʻi caviar mua i hana ʻia ma Bulgaria a me Romania ma 2011-2012, ua hiki i nā poʻe loea mai ka World Wide Fund for Nature ke hiki ke hoʻopili i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā kirimana ma ʻEulopa.
ʻO Danube Beluga, nā makahiki like me ka dinosaurs
Ua hoʻohuli aʻe ʻo Iron Gate Dam i kahi ala hele lele
ʻO ka lōkahi no ka puhi manu kekahi o nā mea nui i ka nui o ke ʻano o ke ola kūlohelohe o nā solidgeons āpau ma ka Danube. I ka wā ma mua, piʻi ʻo beluga i ka wai i Serbia, a i nā wahi mamao, hiki aku i hōʻea ʻo Passau i ka hikina o Bavaria, akā i kēia manawa ua kālai mua ʻia kona ala ma waena o Danube.
Aia ma lalo o ka Pōkuhi Wili, ma ka lehele ʻo Jardap Gorge ma waena, ma waena o Romania a me Serbia, ʻo ka Hydroelectric Power Station a me ka Iron Gate Reservoir ka nui loa ma ka Danube āpau. Kūkulu ʻia kahi kikowaena wai hydroelectric ma 942 a me 863 mau mile o ka muliwai kahawai o ka Danube Delta. A hopena, e ke kaupalena ʻana i ke ala o ka neʻe i ka iʻa o ka solidgeon i 863 mau kilomita, a hoʻopau loa i ka mea nui e moe ana i ke kikowaena waena o Danube. A ke hopena, huli ʻia nā mea paʻa i ka paʻa o ka kahawai ma ke alo o ka ʻōpū, a ʻaʻole i hiki hou iā ia ke hoʻomau i ko lākou ʻano, millennia-kahiko, kaona mua o ka pūnaewele spawning. Laka i loko o ia mau ʻano lilihule, ʻike ka lehulehu paʻa i ka hopena maikaʻi loa o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana a nalowale kāna ʻano genetic.
Ua nalo aku ʻo Beluga ma ka Danube
Pono nā Sturgeon e hoʻololi i nā loli. Hoʻololi koke kēia mau hoʻololi i ka spawning, hoʻoilo, ke hiki ke ʻimi maikaʻi i ka meaʻai maikaʻi, a hiki i ka huli ʻana i ke kuʻuna. Kui ka hapanui kūkaʻi nui ma ka ʻaoʻao puhaka ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o Danube, kahi i waiho ai i kā lākou mau ʻimi. Pono e hoʻoulu ʻia ke kuʻi manuahi ma ka hohonu hohonu ma kahi pālahalaha o 9-15 mau kiʻekiʻe.
Ua hōʻeha nui ʻia ka lehulehu o ka puali paʻa ʻana ma muli o ka nalowale o ka pae hoʻoili mua ma ka Danube. Ke hoʻoikaika nei i nā kaila a hoʻokaʻawale i ka muliwai i nā waʻaahi, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hana ʻenehana ikaika e pale aku ai i nā kahe wai, hōʻemi i nā waikahe kūlohelohe a me nā ʻāina nā ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana kaʻina ma kahi o 80%. ʻO Navigation kekahi o nā hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ka pae o ka firmgeon, ʻo ka mea nui ma muli o nā hana e komo ai ka hohonu a me ka hana maʻa o ka kahawai. ʻO ka hoʻopauʻana i ke one a me ka mahele, nā loli ʻāina i hana ʻia e ka ʻōpū o ka moku i mea e loaʻa ai kahi pōʻino i ka poʻe paʻa i loko o ka Danube.
ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka iʻa kaona Danube sturgeon e ʻike nui a inā ʻole ʻoe e lawe i ka hoʻokuʻi a me nā hana radical, a laila ma hope o kahi mau minuke ua ʻike ʻia kēia iʻa keu nani a ʻike ʻia i loko o nā hale hana. ʻO ia ke kumu ʻo ke Kōmike Nui no ka palekana o ka Danube, me ka World Wide Fund for Nature a me ke Kōmike ʻEulopa, ma ke ʻano he Hoʻolālā ʻĀwili Eulopa no ka Moku Danube, e lawelawe ana i nā papahana a me nā haʻawina a me ka manaʻo e hoʻomohala i nā hana e hoʻopakele ai i ka Danube beluga.
ʻO Beluga ka nui loa o ka iʻa o ka ʻohana firmgeon, e noho nei ma nā kai ʻo Caspian, ʻ Blackleʻele a me Azov a kāhea aku i nā kahe i nā kahawai kokoke. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki iā ia ke ola ma mua o 100 mau makahiki a i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole like i kona mau hoahānau make ma ka Pākīpika, ʻaʻole ia e make ma hope o ke kolo. Ka mea, ua ulu loa kēia manawa i kēia manawa, a ke manaʻo nei au e makemake nā poʻe āpau e ʻike i nā nui o ka beluga nui loa i ka honua.
ʻOi loa ka wahine ʻo ka beluga, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kāne ma mua o nā kāne. E hōʻea ka iʻa i ka wā poperty mai 16 mau makahiki, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma hope o 20. Hoʻopukū ka caviar i ka 20% o ka ʻōpū holoʻokoʻa a loaʻa mai 500000 mau hua (ma ka nui - 5-7 miliona). A ʻaʻole hele i ka flawning i ka manawa like, akā ma luna o 3 mau mahina spring. No ia mea e hoʻokipa mau ʻia ʻo beluga no nā mea ʻenemi caviar - no kāna i uku ai.
Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia kēia iʻa ma ka Red Red Book no kona waiwai - caviar ʻeleʻele, ka mea ʻai maikaʻi. ʻAʻole ʻoe e ʻike aku ai ma ke kūʻai aku i ka ʻaha, akā ma ka mākele o nā mea i loko o Lūsia, he kilekilo o nā caviar kumukūʻai mai $ 600, a i waho aku - mai $ 7,000.
ʻOiai ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono loa, 90% o nā hua ʻaʻole i ulu a ulu i nā pākeke. Ma ka manawa hou, "mālama" ʻo ia mau poʻe i kekahi mau wai i loko o kekahi mau muliwai ua nalowale ka beluga (ma ka laʻana.Akā ua lilo ʻo beluga i hōʻailona mau i ke olakino e pili ana.
ʻAʻole ʻae nā poimana a me nā mea kanu waiwila e ulu ai i ka iʻa a ʻo ka mea nui i hopu ʻia ma ka makahiki 50 he mau makahiki, he iʻa ka paona ʻo 800 kg i ka makahiki 1970 a me 960 kg i ka makahiki 1989. ʻO ka scarecrow me ka lōʻihi o 4.2 m a me kahi makahiki he 70 mau makahiki i mālama ʻia i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Astrakhan. Ka iʻa ua hopu ʻia e ka iʻa, puhipihi caviar, a kāhea ʻia kahi inoa e ʻike e pili ana i ka ʻālunu, ka mea e pono ai ke kaʻa kā māua e lawe. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka beluga nui loa i ka honua a me kahi wikiō e pili ana i kēia hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ma YouTube, kahi lākou e hōʻike ai i kahi kikoʻī he 500 kg.
Ua hōʻike ka puke "Fisheries Research in Russia" i ka nui o ka beluga i loaʻa ma Volga he 9 mau lōʻihi ka lōʻihi a he 90 pauna (1440 kg) ka paona. O ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia ka iʻa nui loa o ka iʻa ma ka Honua, he mea aloha ia no ka mālama ʻana i ke kiʻi o ka beluga nui loa e hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e like me ia i ka makahiki 1827.
I ka makahiki 1922 a me 1924, ua hopu ʻia nā iʻa like me ka waha o ka Volga a me ka Caspian - 75 paona kēlā me kēia (1224 kg), kahi he 700 kg ka paona o ke kino, 300 kg ke poʻo, a me ke koena - caviar. Mālama ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Aupuni o Kazan i kahi iʻa pākahi 4-miki i loaʻa ma ka lalo o Volga. ʻO kona makahiki 60-70 mau makahiki.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia o ka beluga nui loa i ka honua ka mea i hopu a hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Akā ʻo ka poʻe lawaiʻa e hālāwai me nā loina no ka mea ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o ka ikaika a ikaika paha, a ua make malū lākou i waena o lākou, me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā loea nui o nā ʻano heʻe. Ka mea, ma ke ala, i nā kumu āpau, no ka mea i loko o ka ʻōpū o nā poʻe Caspian i hopu ʻia i ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ka manawa i loaʻa ai lākou he mau pika (ʻo ka lōʻihi - mai kahi mika) ..