Aupuni: | Nā holoholona |
ʻAno: | Kiʻi |
ʻAeke | Nā Pākuʻi |
Kaulana: | Nāona |
Kāohana: | Pulele |
Kāhea: | Nā Kuialaka |
Nānā: | Tarbagan |
Radde, 1862
Nā ʻano lāʻau ʻokoʻa IUCN 3.1 Ka hopena: 12832 |
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Tarbagan, a i ole Maʻa nui (Siberian) koʻikoʻi (lat. Marmota sibirica) is mammal of the genm marmots e noho nei ma Rūsia (ma nā anuʻi o Transbaikalia lāua ʻo Tuva), ʻUlopa (a haʻalele i ka hema), a me Northeast China.
Lā lōʻihi - a hiki i 60 cm. ʻO ka mea lawe mai i ka pathogen maʻi.
ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka holoholona. I ka wā kahiko, ua ʻai ʻia e nā kānaka poʻokela o Central Asia: nā Huns, Mongols, etc.
Hoʻaiho
Ma Transbaikalia, ʻo nā koina o ka marmot mai ka Late Paleolithic, nona paha ia Marmota sibirica. ^ E Ha yM. Ua loaʻa ka hapa kahiko i ka mauna Tologa ma ke kūkulu hema o Ulan-Ude.
ʻO Tarbagan kahi kokoke i nā hiʻohiʻona ma ka baibak ma mua o nā ʻano Altai, ʻoi aku ia i like me nā hiʻohiʻona hema o ke Kamchatka groundhog.
Loaʻa ka holoholona ma kahi a pau Mongolia a me nā wahi pili No Rusia, aia no hoi ma ke komohana a me komohana O Kina, ma Autonomous Okrug Nei Mengu (ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Inner Mongolia) e pili ana i ka Mongolia a me ka ʻāina ʻo Heilongjiang, e hoʻopili ana iā Russia. Ma Transbaikalia hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ke kaʻe hema o ka Selenga, a hiki i ke Kai ʻO Goose, i nā ʻihi o ke kūkulu hema o Transbaikalia.
Hiki iā ia ma Tuva i ke ala Chuiskaya, hikina o ka muliwai ʻo Burhei-Murey, ma ka hema hema o nā mauna ʻo Sayan ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Lake Khubsugul. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā palena palena loa o ka palena ma nā wahi e pili ai me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o nā marmots (hina i South Altai a me Kamchatka ma nā mauna Sayan Sava).
I nā makahiki 90 o ka iwakāluakūmākahi, ua emi iho ka heluna o ka lehulehu ma ka 70% ma muli o ka lawaiʻa ʻole ʻole.
Ma Lūkia, ua helu inoaʻia ka tarbagan i loko o ka Puke ʻaha.
ʻO keʻano
Tarbagan he holoholona holoholona nunui nui o ka genm marmots. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā holoholona makua he 50-60 cm, a ʻo ka huelo he 25-30 cm.ʻO ka pākaukau, ka nui o ka nui o ka holoholona mai 5 a 7 mau kilogram. Ua ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mele ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o nā Tarbagans o nā ʻākau ʻākau o ka ʻāina.
Ulu i ke ʻano hiki iā ia ke hoʻohālikelike a kāwā a ke kanu ʻia ma ka ʻāʻī pōkole. Ka ihu ākea. Aia nā wahi pōʻeleʻele e puni a puni. He liʻiliʻi a pepeiao nā pepeiao, ua lohe maikaʻi, ʻono a me ka hihio.
Uhi uhi ʻAʻole ʻano o ka loea groundgl e ka ʻāpana a hoʻohuihui mau ʻia ʻo ia ka mālamalama māmā a me nā polūʻeleʻele. I ka hāʻule, ua aniani lākou i kahi mea liʻiliʻi. ʻUlaʻula ka pito o ka huelo, nā wāwae a me nā pepeiao.
Ke noho maʻamau
ʻO ke ala o ke ola o kahi tarbagan ka like o ke ʻano me ke ola a me ke ola o kahi marmot, kahi lepo wai hina, akā he hohonu ka puni o lākou. ʻOi aku pinepine me ka mea ʻole, ʻo ia kekahi kāmele nui. Ma nā kuahiwi, ʻo ke ʻano o nā noho ʻana he fūpō a me ka girder.
Noho ka nui o ka marmot Siberian me ka nui o nā mea uala a palulu paha. Noho ana ia ma nā anuʻu, nā wao nahele, nā semi-wao, nā awāwa a me nā kaila kokoke. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā mauna ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3.8 mau mika ma luna o ke kai. m., akā, ʻaʻole e noho i loko o nā wahi ʻuala alpine. ʻO nā Solonchaks, nā kuʻekuʻe liʻiliʻi a me nā hollows e pale aku ʻia.
Nā Pōʻalima punahele - he ʻōpū a me nā kuahiwi mauna. Ma nā wahi like, nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻāina i hāʻawi i nā holoholona i kahi manawa lōʻihi. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka heleʻana o nā wahi i ʻōloe i nā lau nahele i ka hoʻomaka i ka pūnāwai a me nā wahi lulu kahi e pau ʻole ai nā mea kanu i ke kauwela no kahi lōʻihi.
Kahi like me kēia mea mikalena wā kūleale. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka wā hana o nā kaʻina olakino e pili ana i ka hana o ke ola a me ka hana hou i nā holoholona.
Ua makemake ʻo ka marmot Siberian i ke kapu.
- cereal mauna a me nā mahi hoʻowalewale, lōpala lāʻau,
- pua (hula)
- hulu manu, hānai, kāwili ʻia me ka pipi a me nā forbs.
Ma waena o lākou iho e kamaʻilio nā holoholona ma o nā hōʻailona pū. Ke hoʻokokoke aku nei nā mea hoʻomaka. Ke hoʻolohe nei i kahi alakaʻi kūlohelohe, holo koke ka hale holoʻokoʻa i ka pā o lalo o ka hale me ka ʻole o ka kānalua.
Noho ʻo Tarbagans i loko o ke ʻano ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki, ma ka noho pio ʻana hiki iā lākou ke ola a hiki i 20 mau makahiki.
Hoʻohui hana
Hoʻoilo nā mea i loko o ka hale a me ka heleʻana, ʻo ia ka 6 - 7.5 mahina. Hana ʻia ka ʻahaʻaina nui ma ka hikina hema o Transbaikalia ma ka hopena o Kepakemapa, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke ʻano ʻoi loa no 20-30 mau lā. ʻO nā holoholona e noho kokoke ana i nā alanui a i kahi e hoʻopiʻi ai paha kekahi iā lākou, ʻaʻole lākou e hele maikaʻi a momona a noho hoʻi i ka hibernation.
I ke anu anu, ua pau ʻole ka hoʻoilo, tarbagans ʻaʻole i hōʻiliʻili i ka make momona. Hōʻemi nā holoholona hoʻohemo i ke kakahiaka nui, ʻoiai he mau liʻiliʻi no ka meaʻai a i ka wā i heʻe ai nā hau ma ʻApelila-Mei. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo kēia poʻe ʻōpio ke loaʻa ʻole ka wā e hoʻomoʻa ai i ka momona.
I ka pūnāwai ʻO ke kūpaʻa nui o Tarbagans, hoʻopau lākou i ka nui o ka manawa ma ka lewa, e hele ana i kahi mamao loa, a kahi i hoʻohuli ai ka mauʻu ma ka 150-300 mika.
ʻO nā lā kauwela aia nā holoholona i nā lua, ʻaʻole e hele i ka ʻāina. Hele lākou i ka 'ai inā pili ka wela.
Hulu momona nā marmots Siberian ma luna o nā marmots, akā nā mea i loaʻa ʻole ka momona momona i loko o nā minamina. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, ua haʻalele nā tarbagans i ka lua, a ʻoiai, aia wale nō i nā hola ahiahi. ʻElua mau pule ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka nā holoholona e ʻohi i nā ʻihi no ka lumi hoʻoilo.
Loaʻa ka ola ola o ka tarbagan i ka nahele ma kahi he 13 mau makahiki.
He mea kaulana aia e hiki i kēia holoholona ke lawe i ka maʻi pathogen.
Mea ʻai
I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e hele aku ai nā holoholona mai nā lua, e hiki mai ka manawa no ka molting kauwela a me kahi hou o ka hana hou a me ka hānai. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, pono ka manawa o nā tarbagans e hōʻiliʻili i ka momona ma mua o ke ʻano anuanu e hiki mai ana. Hoʻomaopopo kēia mau holoholona i kahi nui o nā ʻano mauʻu, mau lāʻau, nā mea kanu kai.
Ma ka maʻamau ʻaʻole lākou e hānai i nā mea kanu, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e noho i ka pā. Nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau like ʻole, nā aʻa, nā hua waina e hānai iā lākou. Ma ka maʻamau e ʻai ana e noho ana, me nā wāwae mua e mālama ana i nā meaʻai.
ʻAʻole i ʻu ʻia nā hua i nā mea kanu, nā huaʻai o Siberian, akā ua lulu ʻia lākou, a hui pū me nā mea kanu organik a pīpī ʻia me kahi papa o ka honua. hoʻomaikaʻi i ka helehelena o ke ala.
I ka pūnāwaiI ka wā he kalo iki, ua ʻai nui nā tarbagans i nā hue o nā mea kanu a me kā lākou rhizomes. I ka wā o ka uluʻana o ka kauwela ikaika ʻO nā pua a me nā mea kanu, koho nā holoholona i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, a me nā pua e loaʻa ai nā protein pono.
Hiki iā Tarbagan ke ale i 1,5 kg i kēlā me kēia lā. mea kanu.
Hoʻopili i nā mea kanu, kekahi mau inikini - nā ʻili manu, nā nāhelehele, ka anuʻu, nā snails, a me nā pupae - komo i ka waha. ʻAʻole koho maikaʻi nā holoholona i kēia mau meaʻai, akā e hana ʻia i ka hapakolu o ka ʻāpana o kekahi mau lā i kekahi mau lā.
Ke mālama nei i nā tarbagans i ka noho pio ʻana, ua hānai ʻia a me ka ʻai, nā mea a lākou e ʻono maikaʻi ai. Me kēlā ʻanoʻai ikaika e loaʻa ai nā holoholona, kahi kilokilima o ka momona i kēlā ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke inu i ka wai ʻuʻuku.
ʻAno hānau
Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻomaha no Tarbagans i ʻApelila ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i kahi wahine hānai a hiki i nā lā 42. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi, ʻike ʻia ka makapō a me ka hairl 4-6 marmotaia, ma hope o 3 mau pule, e hoʻomaka e wehe i ko lākou maka. Mālama ka makuahine i ka waiū pēpē a hiki i 1,5 mau mahina, ma hope o ka hele ʻole lākou e hānai manu.
Ma muli o ko lākou ʻike ʻole ʻana i kēia manawa, hāʻule pinepine nā Tarbagans i nā lima o nā mea pōkō.
Ma Mongolia, kāhea ka poʻe kahu o nā makahiki āpau "kino ʻole", ʻElua mau makahiki makahiki -"ka māla", Uku mau makahiki ʻekolu -"sharahazara"." Nā Pane ʻAlo - "burkh", Ke wahine -"ʻāhā».
ʻO nā mākua ʻelua, i kekahi manawa o ka hanauna i hala, e hānai mau i ka hua. ʻO nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka kolone ʻohana e pili pū ana i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, ka mea maʻamau i ke ʻano o ka thermoregulation i ka wā hānau. Mālama kēlā mālama ma ka mālama olaʻokoʻa o nā ʻano.
ʻO ka kolone ʻohana ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻa e piha ana no 10-15 pākahi, ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻino mai ka 2-6. Ke komo pū nei lākou i ka pili e pili ana 65 % ʻo nā wahine ʻaneʻane.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe maoli o nā Tarbogans he mau manu make a me ka mammals. ʻO kā ka poʻe mau mea i hōʻalo pinepine ai, ʻo nā Tarbagans ka muli loa, ka poʻe makemake e pāʻani i ka mālama manu kokoke i kā lākou mau lua a huli lākou i kahi lono.
ʻO nā mea hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka ʻaeto gula ke weliweli loa no ka marmot Siberian, ʻoiai he mea maʻamau ʻole ma Transbaikalia. ʻO ka Steppe e ʻaʻa ana i ka mea maʻi a me nā marmots, a ʻai pū i ka mea kanu make. No nā tetrapods karnivorous, e hōʻeha loa ana nā ʻīlio i nā pōʻino nui i ka ʻāpana o nā māmilika a Mongol, a emi ka helu o nā holoholona ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā ʻīlio. Hiki i nā leki melemele a me nā bea enaena e hahai iā lākou.
Hoʻokomo pinepine ka poʻe Foxes i nā momi ʻōpio. ʻIke nui lākou e ʻimi ʻia e corsac a me ka lānai steppe.
Hoʻohana ʻo Tarbaganov i ka heluna kanaka kamaʻilio i ka meaʻai. Ma Tuva lāua ʻo Buryatia, ʻaʻole pinepine ia i kēia manawa (malia paha no ka ʻike ʻia ʻoi loa ka holoholona), akā ma Mongolia ma nā wahi āpau. Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻiʻo o ka holoholona me ke ʻano ʻono. ʻO ka momona Tarbagan, kahi mau waiwai kūpono, mahalo ʻia e kekahi kanaka. Hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka maʻi maʻi, ke puhi a me ka hau, ʻo ka anemia.
ʻAʻole mahalo nui ʻia nā ʻili Rodent i mua o ka helehelena, akā hiki i nā ʻenehana o kēia mau lā e pili ana i ka lole a me ka hana ʻana e hoʻohuhū i ko lākou hulu no ka hulu ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Ke kūlana ʻona
I Buke Red Russia ka holoholona, e like me ka papa o ka IUCN, i ke ʻano "ka hopena"Ka lehulehu i ka ʻaoʻao ma ka hikina o Transbaikalia, i loko o ka māhele o" hoʻoneʻe "i ka ʻāina ʻo Tuva, Northeast Transbaikalia.
ʻO ke kumu o ka nalo ʻana o ka tarbagan i kahi noi nui no ka momona, ka ihu a me ka ʻona o kēia mau holoholona, a me ka hoʻēmi ʻana ma kona noho.
E mālama ʻia ka holoholona ma loko ʻO Borgoyskiy a Orotsky haikaa in Sokhondinsky a Daursky pale, me ke ia hoʻi Buryatia a Teritori o Transbaikal.
I mea e pale ai a hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna o kēia mau holoholona, pono ia e hana i nā mālama kūikawā a mālama i nā hana kūlohelohe.
Pono e mālama i nā pilikino o kēia ʻano holoholona ʻO ka hana koʻikoʻi o tarbagans he hopena koʻikoʻi ma ka pae. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā marmots mongoli ka mea nui i ka hana nui i ka zona biogeographic.
Ma Mongolia hānai ʻia nā holoholona no ʻAukake 10 a ʻOkakopa 15, e like me nā loli i ka nui o nā holoholona. Ua hoʻopau loa ʻia ka ʻaihue i ka makahiki 2005, 2006. ʻO Tarbagan ka papa inoa o nā holoholona lihilahi o Mongolia.
Tarbagan ka holoholona no mau mau monamona:
- Aia kekahi o lākou Krasnokamensk a he mea ia i mau kii ʻelua i ke ʻano o kahi miner a me kahi mea hopu, he hōʻailona ia o kahi holoholona i kokoke a kokoke i Dauria.
28.02.2019
ʻO Tarbagan, a i ʻole marmot mongoli (lat. Marmota sibirica) no ka ʻohana squirrel (Sciuridae). Me ka pika o ka pallassic pika (Ochotona pallasi), ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea lawe nui o ka maʻi ʻeha o ka maʻi ma Mongolia. Ua kapa ʻia nō ia i ka marmot Siberian.
ʻAi ʻia ka ʻiʻo Tarbagan e nā kānaka he nui o ʻAsia. Ke hoʻomākaukau nei nā Mongols i ka pānaʻi mai ka holoholona, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo Boodok.
Lawe lākou i ka ʻili ia mea, puhi iā ia i ke ahi a hoʻohenehene hoʻi ia me ka wai kaila a hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe. Hoʻowalewale ʻia nā koʻi, a ua kāwili ʻia ka ʻiʻo a me nā iwi me nā ʻala ʻala a me nā mea momona loa. Hoʻohui ʻia nā pōhaku wela i ka ʻano hopena. A laila ke kāʻei ʻia i loko o ka ʻili a me ka ʻalā, lūlū ke huli ʻana i kahi ahi ʻē aʻe.
Ma hope o ke kau ʻana o kahi ipo gula, ua hana ʻia kahi incision ma luna o ka ʻōpū a ma kahi hapa hapalua o ka wai e ninini ʻia. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻaina palaoa no ka hapalua hola. Lā ka ʻāala i loko o nā kīʻaha, lawe ʻia nā pōhaku, a ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā ʻāpana i mālama ʻia i nā poʻe kipa.
I Siberia, ʻai ʻia a ʻai ʻia paha ka ʻiʻo, hana e hana i nā pai a me nā ravioli. Hoʻohana ʻia ka momona o Tarbagan i ka lāʻau lapaʻau nā kānaka e mālama i nā wela, ke anu, ke kōkū a me ka anemia. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hulu no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā huahana o ka hulu.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻIke ʻia nā makmoli Mongoli i ka ʻ Hemlelo Hikina Nui, e like me kā lākou mau hoa āpau, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia kēia wahi i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Siberia, Mongolia a me China ʻĀina. He mea maʻamau ia e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā subspecies o ka tarbagan. ʻOkoʻo paha ʻo Marmota sibirica sibirica e noho ana ma Transbaikalia, ʻ Mongollelo Kauaʻi, ma Kina. Loaʻa ka Khangai subspecies Marmota sibirica caliginosus ma Tuva, komohana a me ka ʻaoʻao waena o Mongolia.
ʻO Tarbagan, he ʻumikūmākahi pili e pili ana a he ʻelima mau o nā ʻano marmots i loaʻa i ka honua i kēia mau lā, ua puka mai kahi lālā o kā genm Marmota mai Prospermophilus ma Late Miocene. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ma ka Pliocene. E noho ana ʻo ʻEulopa mai ka Pliocene, a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻAmelika ʻAmelika e pili ana i nā hopena o ka Miocene.
Ua hoʻomau nā kime o ka mana hou i nā hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o ka hoʻolālā o ka ʻōpala axial Paramyidae o ka manawa Oligocene ma mua o nā poʻe ʻelima o nā apana terestrial. ʻAʻole ia he kuhikuhi, akā nā ʻohana pili like ʻole o nā makika nā American Palearctomys Douglass a me Arktomyoides Douglass, ka mea i noho ma Miocene ma nā ʻulā me nā nahele ulu.
Kahele
Hāpai ka habona i nā ʻāina hema ma Rukia, Mongolia a me Kina ʻokoʻa. Ma Lūkia, noho ʻo tarbagan ma Siberia a me Transbaikalia, a ma Kina hoʻi i ka mokuna o Heilongjiang Kūʻai a me ka Pūnaewele Inner Mongolia.
Noho ka nui o ka marmot Siberian me ka nui o nā mea uala a palulu paha.
Noho ana ia ma nā anuʻu, nā wao nahele, nā semi-wao, nā awāwa a me nā kaila kokoke. ʻIke ʻia ia ma nā kuahiwi ma nā kuahiwi kuahiwi a me nā ʻāpana alpine i ke kiʻekiʻe o 3800 m ma luna o ke kai.
Ua wehewehe mua ʻia kēia mau ʻano ma 1862 e ke kanaka maoli ma luna o Gustav Radde. I kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia nā subspecies 2. ʻO nā subspecies nominative he mea maʻamau ma nā haʻahaʻa, a ʻo Marmota sibirica caliginous ola i nā kiʻekiʻe.
I nā makahiki 90 o ka iwakāluakūmākahi, ua emi iho ka heluna o ka lehulehu ma ka 70% ma muli o ka lawaiʻa ʻole ʻole. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Tarbagan ma ka Puke Hoʻopuka ma ka Russian Federation.
ʻAno lawehala
Noho ka mau māmole ma loko o nā kolone liʻiliʻi, e pili ana i kahi pānaʻi keiki a me kā lākou keiki, i hānau ʻia ma nā makahiki 2-3 hope loa. Aia ma muli o ka loaʻa o ka waihona hānai, ʻo ka māhele o ka kahua home ma waena o 2 a 6 ha. Aia ka nui o ka meaʻai, a hiki i ka 18 mau holoholona e noho ana i ka kolone, a i ka nui o ka nalo, helu ʻia kā lākou helu ʻia e 3-4 mau manawa.
ʻO ka pinepine, hui pū nā kānaka pākona i kahi kāne i male i ka male, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hierarchy o ka nohona a kū ʻole i ka hana.
ʻO Tarbagans i loko o ka hānaiʻai e hōʻeuʻeu nui ana i nā palena o ko lākou mau waiwai mai ka komo ʻana o nā malihini. Hōʻike lākou i kahi hoʻokūkū kūikawā i nā marmots hina (Marmota baibacina). Me ka nui o ka meaʻai, ʻae lākou i nā hoalauna a ʻaʻole i hōʻike i ka hoʻohaunaele iā lākou.
Ma waena o lākou iho e kamaʻilio nā holoholona ma o nā hōʻailona pū. Ke hoʻokokoke aku nei nā mea hoʻomaka. Ke hoʻolohe nei i kahi alakaʻi kūlohelohe, holo koke ka hale holoʻokoʻa i ka pā o lalo o ka hale me ka ʻole o ka kānalua.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe kumu nui nā ʻīlio, nā alopeke, nā ʻaukaha, nā oso, nā leopaliona a me nā ʻaeto. ʻO kā ka poʻe mau mea i hōʻalo pinepine ai, ʻo nā Tarbagans ka muli loa, ka poʻe makemake e pāʻani i ka mālama manu kokoke i kā lākou mau lua a huli lākou i kahi lono.
Ke kūkulu nei ʻo Siberian marmot i kahi ʻōnaehana ramified o nā lako hana lalo, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kaila maoli ma luna o lākou. Ma ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo, hāʻawi lākou i ka ulu lāʻau maikaʻi i loko o ke aniani ua hoʻohiki.
I ka hoʻoilo, ua hāʻule ka tarbagan i loko o ka pua. Ma mua o nā ʻōhulu mua, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia i ka lua i loko o nā lau maloʻo a paʻa loa ka puka i loko o ka lau ʻana o ka lepo, ka lau nahele, kāna paʻakai a me nā feces. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, eʻai nui nā keiki i ka hāpana me ka nui o ka momona. Ua hānau pū lākou a pau, e pili pū ana kekahi i kekahi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kiʻi: ʻO ka mea e like ai ka Tarbagan
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kupapaʻu he 56.5 cm, ʻo ka huelo he 10,3 cm, aia ma kahi o 25% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino.He ʻ6lō a he 8,6 mm ka ʻalā a he ʻolua kūpeʻe a kiʻekiʻe a me nā pāpālā ākea. I loko o ka tarbagan, ʻaʻole i haʻi ʻia ka puna tubo postorbital e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻaina, pōkole, palupalu. He hina hina ke kala, kūwili, akā hoʻi ma hope o ka nānā ʻana, he ʻeleʻele nīnū poʻomaʻo o nā ʻāpana hulu hoʻi. ʻO ka ʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka pahu kaleka, he ʻulaʻula-hina. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, kīaʻi ke kala a kūlike me ke kua a me ka ʻōpū.
ʻAeʻeleʻele ke poʻo o ke poʻo i ke ʻano o ka pāpale haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā hāʻule, ma hope o ka molting. ʻAʻole ia iʻoi aku ma mua o ka laina e hoʻopili ai i ka waena o nā pepeiao. He māmā nā papalina, vibrissae a me nā hui kala like. Mālamalama ka wahi i waena o nā maka a me nā pepeiao. I kekahi manawa he ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, akā i ka manawa pinepine, hina. Pehu iki ʻia ka wahi i lalo o ka maka, a ke keʻokeʻo a puni ka lehelehe, akā aia kahi palena ʻeleʻele i nā kihi a me nā ʻihi. ʻO ka huelo, e like me ke kala o ke kua, heʻeleʻele a hina paha-brown ma ka ʻaoʻao hope, e like me kona ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu o kēia koʻokoʻo ma mua o nā molars. ʻO ka hana kūpono i ke ola i loko o ka pōpō a me ka pono o ka ʻūlū ʻana me lākou me kā lākou mau wāwae e hoʻopalapula ana i kā lākou hōʻoki ʻana; Hoʻohui ʻia ka manamana ʻehā o ka rodent ma mua o ke kolu, a hala ʻole ka mua mua. ʻAʻohe o nā ʻona pipi nā Tarbagans. ʻO ka paona o nā holoholona i hiki aku i ka 6-8 kg, hiki i ka lōʻihi o 9.8 kg, a ma ke kala o ke kauwela 25% o ka paona he momona, ma kahi o 2-2.3 kg. ʻO ka momona subcutaneous he 2-3 mau manawa ma mua o ka momona o kaʻōpū.
ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o nā Tarbagans o nā ʻākau ʻākau o ka ʻāina. Ma nā mauna, ua ʻike ʻia nā kānaka nui a nui paha. Hoʻohālikelike ka spimimen i ka hikina, ʻo ka lōʻihi i ke komohana, ʻoi aku ka ʻoni o nā holoholona. M. s. Ua liʻiliʻi ʻo sibirica a ʻoi aku ka māmā ma ka nui o ka "cap" poni. M. s. ʻoi aku ka nui o ka caliginosus, ke pena ʻia i ka pihi ma nā kala ʻeleʻele, i ka brown brown, a ʻo ka pāpale ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia e like me nā ʻolelo ma mua, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hulu.
Wahi e noho ai ka tarbagan?
Hoʻi kiʻi
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Tarbagany ma nā anuʻu a me nā alpine meadow steppes. ʻO kā lākou wahi noho me nā mea kanu kūpono no ka ʻalā: nā ʻōpala, nā lāʻau, nā kihi alahele, nā ʻāpana alpine, nā wahi ala, nā anuʻu ala, nā puʻu mauna, semi-deses, nā puna wai a me nā awāwa. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 3,8 mau mika ma luna o ke kai. m., akā, ʻaʻole e noho i loko o nā wahi ʻuala alpine. ʻO nā Solonchaks, nā kuʻekuʻe liʻiliʻi a me nā hollows e pale aku ʻia.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka lepuni, noho lākou ma ke kūkulu hema, akā, kahi i ka ʻaoʻao o ka ululāʻau ma nā ʻaoʻao kūkulu ʻākau. ʻO nā hale noho punahele he mau ʻanuʻu a me nā pae ala mauna. Ma nā wahi like, nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻāina i hāʻawi i nā holoholona i kahi manawa lōʻihi. Aia ia mau wahi kahi e kulu ai nā mau nahele i ka puna mua i ka puna a me nā wahi i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia nā mea kanu i ke kauwela no kahi lōʻihi. E like me kēia, hiki mai nā kuʻuna o ke ʻano o nā tarbagans. ʻO ka wā hana o nā kaʻina olakino e pili ana i ka hana o ke ola a me ka hana hou i nā holoholona.
E like me ka pau ʻana o nā mea kanu, ʻike ʻia nā nalo ʻana o ka tarbagan, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā kuahiwi i ka mauna, ʻoiai e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka makahiki o ka humuhumu, nā hele mai nā hū. Hiki i nā neʻe wikiō ke lilo i 800-1000 mika ma ke kiʻekiʻe. Noho nā ʻōpio ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o M. s. noho ana ʻo sibirica i nā pae i lalo, a ʻo M. s. Ua piʻi ʻo caliginosus ma luna o nā kuahiwi kuahiwi.
Ua makemake ʻo ka marmot Siberian i ke kapu.
- cereal mauna a me nā mahi hoʻowalewale, lōpala lāʻau,
- pua (hula)
- hulu manu, hānai, kāwili ʻia me ka pipi a me nā forbs.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi home, koho ʻia nā tarbagans e nā mea ʻike maikaʻi maikaʻi - i nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ma Transbaikalia a me Mongolia hikina, noho ia i nā kuahiwi me nā puʻu gala, a me nā heiau. I ka wā ma mua, ua hiki nā palena o nā wahi noho ma ka nahele. Ma kēia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka holoholona i ke kuahiwi ʻo Hentei a me nā mauna o Transbaikalia komohana.
ʻĀnō iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi i loaʻa ai ʻo tarbagan. E ʻike i nā mea e ʻai ai ka groundg.
He aha kā ka tarbagan ʻai?
ʻO ke kiʻi: Marmot Tarbagan
He mau mea kanu a ʻakano Siberian a ʻai i nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu: cereals, asteraceae, mauʻu.
Ma ke Western Transbaikalia, ʻo ka papa kai nui o ka tarbagans ʻo:
- ʻona
- fescue,
- kaleria
- moe ʻuhane
- likomikomikēmai
- Astragalus
- scutellaria,
- nā pale āpau
- scabiosis
- ʻōwili
- hoopaa
- ʻōpiopio
- lāʻau kanu
- mahaile
- he mahinaai
- popo palaoa
- a me kekahi ano like ole o ka pōleʻa maloʻo a me ka ʻōpala.
ʻIke maoli nō: Ke mālama ʻia nei i kēia noho pio ʻana, ua ʻai kēia mau holoholona i nā mea he 33 o nā mea kanu mai 54 e ulu ana i kahi ʻōpala o Transbaikalia.
Aia ka loli i ka manawa i waena o ka hānai. I ka pūnāwai, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi ka lau o ka mauʻu, i ka wā e haʻalele ai ka tarbagans i nā ʻuʻā, ua ʻai lākou i ka māka ulu mai nā ʻōpala a me nā mea hamukū, nā rhizome a me nā tuki. Mai Mei a waena oʻAukake, loaʻa ka ʻai nui, hiki iā lākou ke hānai i ko lākou mau poʻo punahele o Asteraceae, he nui nā protein a me nā mea pīpī maʻalahi. Mai ʻAukake, a i nā makahiki maloʻo a ma mua, i ka wā e pau ai ka makeke wāwae, ua pau ka cereal iʻa e ʻai ai iā lākou, akā, ma ka puʻu, i ka hopohopo o nā hōʻoluʻolu, ua mālama mau ka mauʻu a me ka lāʻau.
ʻO ke kānāwai, ʻaʻole i ʻai ka marmot Siberia i nā meaʻai holoholona, ma ka hoʻopio ʻana ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou i nā manu, nā ʻāpana ʻāina, nā ʻūhā, nā wīwī, nā larvae, akā ʻaʻole nā tarbagans i ʻae i kēia meaʻai. Akā ʻoiai, inā i ka ua o ka anā a me ka nele o ka meaʻai, ʻai lākou i ka meaʻai o nā holoholona.
ʻIke maoli nō: ʻO nā hua o nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole i ʻoloka ʻia nā huaʻai e nā ʻāpana koa Siberia, akā ua kanu ʻia lākou, a hui pū me nā mea kanu organik a pīpī ʻia me kahi ʻāpana o ka honua, hoʻomaikaʻi kēia i ke kuahiwi o ka ʻanuʻu.
ʻAi ʻia ʻo Tarbagan mai hoʻokahi a i ka hapa a kg o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻole inu ka holoholona i ka wai. Loaʻa ka groundhog i ka wā mua i ka lako me kahi lako kīnā ʻole o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, e like me ka momona o ka subcutaneous, hoʻomaka ʻia ʻo ia me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana. Hoʻomaka ka momona hou i ka hōʻiliʻili i ka hopena o Mei - Iulai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
ʻO ke ala o ke ola o kahi tarbagan ka like o ke ʻano me ke ola a me ke ola o kahi marmot, kahi lepo wai hina, akā he hohonu ka puni o lākou. ʻOi aku pinepine me ka mea ʻole, ʻo ia kekahi kāmele nui. Ma nā kuahiwi, ʻo ke ʻano o nā noho ʻana he fūpō a me ka girder. ʻO nā kahakai no ka hoʻoilo, akā ʻaʻole nā pau i mua o ke keʻena pili, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi meā earthen. Ma nā pāpū puʻuwai, no ka laʻana, e like me Dauria, ka laʻī o Bargoy, ʻo nā noho i ka no ka marmot mahele i nā ʻāpana kūwaha.
ʻO ka hoʻoilo, e pili ana i ka noho a me nā wahi o ka ʻāina, ʻo 6 - 7.5 mahina. Hana ʻia ka ʻahaʻaina nui ma ka hikina hema o Transbaikalia ma ka hopena o Kepakemapa, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke ʻano ʻoi loa no 20-30 mau lā. ʻO nā holoholona e noho kokoke ana i nā alanui a i kahi e hoʻopiʻi ai paha kekahi iā lākou, ʻaʻole lākou e hele maikaʻi a momona a noho hoʻi i ka hibernation.
ʻO ka hohonu o ka lua, ka nui o ka litter a me kahi nui o nā holoholona e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka mahana ma loko o ke keʻena ma ke pae o 15 tikelī. Inā e hāʻule i ka aʻa, a laila hele nā holoholona i kahi kāmele a me kā lākou neʻe e wela ai kekahi i kēlā me kēia a me ka wahi i puni. ʻO nā ʻōpū o ka mākeke o nā Mongol i hoʻohana i nā makahiki, he ulu i ka nui o nā ʻāina he nui. ʻO ka butanes ka inoa kūloko no kēlā mau marmots. ʻOi ka nui o ko lākou mau ʻāpana ma mua o nā baibaks a i nā kuahiwi mauna. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka 1 mika, kahi 8 mau ākea ma mua. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā marmots e loaʻa hou - a hiki i 20 mau mika.
I ke anu anu, ua pau ʻole ka hoʻoilo, tarbagans ʻaʻole i hōʻiliʻili i ka make momona. Hōʻemi nā holoholona hoʻohemo i ke kakahiaka nui, ʻoiai he mau liʻiliʻi no ka meaʻai a i ka wā i heʻe ai nā hau ma ʻApelila-Mei. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo kēia poʻe ʻōpio ke loaʻa ʻole ka wā e hoʻomoʻa ai i ka momona. I ka pūnāwai, ua ikaika loa ka tarbagans, hele lākou i ka manawa he nui i ka ʻāina, e mamao ana mai nā lua, kahi e hoʻohuli ai ka lau ma ke ʻano he 150-300 mika. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia i nā marmots, kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka mea kanu mua.
I nā lā kauwela, aia nā holoholona i ka burrows, ʻaʻole i hele iki i ka maka. Hele lākou i ka 'ai inā pili ka wela. I ka wā hoʻoilo, nui ke koʻikoʻi o nā marmots Siberian ma luna o nā marmots, akā nā mea i loaʻa ʻole ka momona momona i loko o nā manaʻo kaumaha. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, ua haʻalele nā tarbagans i ka lua, a ʻoiai, aia wale nō i nā hola ahiahi. ʻElua mau pule ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka nā holoholona e ʻohi i nā ʻihi no ka lumi hoʻoilo.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kuhi: Tarbagan mai ka Puke ʻaha
Noho nā holoholona i nā koloni i ke anuʻu, e kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi me nā kani a ʻike hoʻokele ʻia nei ke ʻano. No ka hana i kēia, noho lākou ma ko lākou wāwae hind, e nānā ana a puni ka honua. No ka ʻike nui ʻana, he mau maka convex nui lākou, kahi i kau ʻia ai i luna o ka lei a i ʻole nā ʻaoʻao. ʻOi aku ka makemake o Tarbagans e noho ma kahi o ka 3 a 6 heka, akā ma lalo o nā kūlana pōpilikia lākou e noho ai ma luna o 1.7 - 2 heka.
Hoʻohana ka hua ʻāina Siberia i nā lua no nā hanauna, inā ʻaʻole kekahi e hoʻopilikia iā lākou. I nā wahi mauna, kahi e ʻae ʻole ai ka lepo i ka ʻuʻuku o nā lua hohonu, aia kekahi mau hihia a hiki i ka 15 mau pōkole i hoʻokahi i loko o hoʻokahi lumi, akā ma ke ʻano he 3-4-5 nā holoholona hoʻoilo ma nā lua. ʻO ka paona litter i ka wa hoʻoilo hiki ke 7-7 kg.
ʻO ka ʻū, a ma hope koke o ka luku ʻana, e hele ana ma ka marmots Mongala ma hope o ke ala ʻana i ka wā hoʻoilo ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana i ka ʻāina. Noho ka wahine hāpai 30-42 mau lā, lactation mau ka lōʻihi. E kūʻai, ma hope o hoʻokahi pule hiki iā lākou ke huki i ka waiū a hoʻopau i nā mea kanu. Aia nā pēpē 4-5 i loko o ka litter. Hoʻohālikelike ka māhele moekolohe. I ka makahiki mua, make ka 60% o nā mamo.
ʻAʻole haʻalele nā ʻōpio i nā makahiki ʻekolu a i ʻole ka wā i hoʻoilo ai nā mākua. ʻO nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka kolone ʻohana e pili pū ana i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, ka mea maʻamau i ke ʻano o ka thermoregulation i ka wā hānau. Hoʻopili kēia mālama mālama āpau i ka ola holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻano. ʻO ka kolone ʻohana ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻa he 10-15 mau kānaka, ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻino mai ka 2-6. Ma kahi o 65% o nā wahine hāpai wahine i komo i ka pua. Ua kūpono kēia ʻano o nā marmots i ka hana hou i ka makahiki ʻehā o ke ola ma Mongolia a ma ke kolu o Transbaikalia.
ʻIke maoli nō: Ma Mongolia, kāhea ka poʻe hopu heʻumi makahiki he "mundal", ʻelua mau makahiki ʻōpio - "cauldron", ʻekolu makahiki - "sharakhazzar". ʻAno kāne - "burkh", wahine - "tarch".
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻO ke kiʻi: ʻO ka mea e like me ka tarbagan
Ua emi iki ka heluna o ka tarbagan i nā makahiki i hala. Kūpono nui ʻia kēia ma Rusia.
- kaʻina pio o nā holoholona,
- ke kanu ʻāina ʻana ma Transbaikalia a me Dauria,
- ka hana pelekane kūikawā e wehe i kahi maʻi o ka maʻi lapalapa (tarbagan kahi mea mālama pākō o kēia maʻi)
I nā makahiki 30-40 o ka kenekulia hope i Tuva, ma ka pali o Tannu-Ola, aia nō ka mea ma kahi o 10 tausani mau kānaka. Ma ke komohana ʻo Transbaikalia, ʻo ko lākou helu ma ka 30s he 10 tausani mau holoholona nō hoʻi. Ma ka hema hema o Transbaikalia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki iwakālua. ua nui nā miliona tarbagans, a ma waena o ke kenekulia i kēlā mau wahi, ka mea nui i ka māhele hoʻoili ʻana, ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka poʻe ma mua o 10 mau kānaka no ka 1 km2. Ma ke komohana ʻākau o Kailastui wale nō ma kahi liʻiliʻi he mahele o 30 mau ʻāpana. a lo 1 km2. Akā ua emi mau ka nui o nā holoholona, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka moʻomeheu i waena o ka lehulehu kanaka.
ʻO ka helu ʻumi o nā holoholona ma ka honua nei he 10 miliona. I ka makahiki 84, i ka makahiki ʻumikūmālua. Ma Lūkia, hiki i kahi 38,000 mau kānaka, e komo pū ana:
- i Buryatia - 25,000,
- i Tuva - 11000,
- i loko o Kahiki ʻo Transbaikalia - 2000.
I kēia manawa ua emi pinepine ka nui o ka holoholona i kākoʻo ʻia e ka neʻe ʻana o nā Tarbagans mai Mongolia. ʻO ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona ma Mongolia i nā makahiki 90 e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ka lehulehu ma o ka 70%, e hoʻoneʻe ana i kēia ʻano mai ke "ʻūlū liʻiliʻi" i ka "hoʻoweliweli". Wahi a ka ʻike hopu hopu no ka 1942-1960. ua kaulana ia aia ma 1947 i ke kālepa kūleʻa a hōʻea i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2.5 miliona mau ʻāpana. I ka manawa mai 1906 a 1994, ua liʻiliʻi a ma ka ʻĀpana 104.2 miliona mau ʻāpana ʻili no ke kūʻai aku ma Mongolia.
ʻO ka helu maoli o nā ʻili i kūʻai ʻia ma mua o nā kuʻi huni ma mua o ʻekolu. I ka makahiki 2004, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 117 mau mea i loaʻa i ka ʻili i hala ʻole ʻia. Ua hele mai ka pahū hānai mai ka manawa i hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai o nā ʻili, a ʻo nā mea e like me nā ala hou a me nā ʻano o ka halihali i hāʻawi aku i ke komo nui o nā poʻe lawaiʻa e ʻimi ana i nā kolone.
Mālama ʻana iā Tarbagan
Kuhi: Tarbagan mai ka Puke ʻaha
Ma ka Red Book o Rūsia, ʻo ia ka holoholona, e like me ka papa inoa IUCN, i ka māhele "ʻakekau" - he heluna kēia ma ka hema o Transbaikalia, i ka māhele o ka "hōkeo" ma Tyva, Northeast Transbaikalia. E mālama ʻia ka holoholona ma ka mālama o Borgoysky a me Orotsky, i loko o nā wahi i Sokhondinsky a me Daursky, a me ka mokuna o Buryatia a me ka Trans-Baikal Territory. No ka pale a hoʻihoʻi i ka nui o kēia mau holoholona, pono ia e hana i nā loea holoholona hihiu kūikawā, a me nā ana no nā reintroduction, e hoʻohana ana i nā poʻe mai kahi hoʻokō maikaʻi.
ʻO ka palekana o kēia mau holoholona holoholona e pono hoʻi i ka noʻonoʻo no ka mea he ola nui ka ola o nā tarbagans i ka aniani. ʻO Flora ma nā marmots ʻoi aku ka paʻakai, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi e pau i ka burnout. ʻO nā marmots mongoli ka mea nui i ka hana nui i ka zona biogeographic. Ma Mongolia, ʻae ʻia ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona mai ʻAukake 10 a ʻOkakopa 15, e like me nā loli i ka nui o nā holoholona. Ua hoʻopau loa ʻia ka ʻaihue i ka makahiki 2005, 2006. ʻO Tarbagan ka papa inoa o nā holoholona lihilahi o Mongolia. Aia ia i loko o nā wahi palekana i hala o ka pā (e like me 6% o ka pae).
Tarbagan kēlā holoholona, he mau monikona he nui. Aia ʻo kekahi o lākou ma Krasnokamensk a he ʻano hoʻohālikelike o ʻelua mau ʻano ma ke ʻano o ka miner a me kahi ʻaki holoholona, ʻo ia kahi hōʻailona o ka holoholona, i aneane e hoʻopau nei iā Dauria. Ua kau ʻia kahi ʻano ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kūlanakauhale i Angarsk, kahi i kū ai i ka hopena o ke kenekulia i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā pulima mai ka hulu tarbagan. Aia kahi kūlana nui o ka papa kiʻi ʻelua ma Tuva kokoke i ke kauā Mugur-Aksy. Ua kūkulu ʻia nā pahola ʻelua no ka tarbagan ma Mongolia: hoʻokahi ma Ulan Bator, a ʻo kekahi, i hana ʻia i nā pahele, ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Mongolia.
ʻO ka helehelena o ka tarbagan
Tarbagany - koʻikoʻi a nunui a marmots. He pōkole lākou a me ka lā lōʻihi, fluffy, kahi e kū ai kahi hapakolu o ke kino. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mele ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻAna ʻia ʻo Tarbagan he baibak.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kāne ka mea e pili ana i 60 centimeter, a ʻo nā mea nui o nā kuhi he nui i hiki aku i ka 65 kenimika.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino wahine ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o 55-58 kenimika. ʻO ke kālele ʻo Tarbagans ma kahi o 6-8 kilograms i ka hāʻule a i ka wā hānau.
ʻAʻole kūpono ka huluhulu o kēia mau marmots, akā he hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā ʻīlio, he lahilahi ka pānaʻi. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka huluhulu mai ka ʻulae māmā a i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Pōʻeleʻele ka undercoat. ʻUlaʻula nā wāwae. ʻEleʻele ka luna luna o ke poʻo a me ke poʻo o ka huelo. Loaʻa kahi kala i kahi kalaʻulaʻula. I ka pūnāwai, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka hulu ma mua o ke kau.
He mau tarbagans.
ʻO Habbat Tarbagan
Noho ʻo Tarbagan ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o Rūsia, ma Transbaikalia a me Tuva. Ma Kazakhstan a me Trans-Urals, ola ke marmot-bakak. ʻO nā māhele hikina a me nā ʻāpana nui o Kyrgyzstan, me nā ʻāpana kupaianaha o Altai, ua koho ʻia e nā ʻano Altai.
Noho ka ʻohana Yakutian i ka ʻaoʻao hema a me ke komohana o Yakutia, ke komohana o Transbaikalia a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Hikina mamao. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe - ʻo Ferghana Tarbagan, ua māhele ʻia ma Central Asia.
Ua lilo nā mauna ʻo Tien Shan i wahi home no Talas Tarbagan. Noho ʻo kahi kāmeka i loko o ka Kamchatka, kahi inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo tarbagan. ʻO kahi wahi e noho ai no lākou e noho ai he wahi me nā ʻāpana alpine, nā pākaukau anuʻu, nā anuʻu ala, nā ʻāpana kūwaha a me nā ʻauʻau wai. Noho lākou i ka 0.6-3 tausani mika ma luna o ke kai.
ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano
Noho nā Tarbagans i nā kolone. Akā, aia ka ʻohana o kēlā me kēia pilikino ponoʻī o kāna mau minks, kahi i loaʻa ai kahi pū manu paʻa, ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela "mau hale noho", nā keʻena hoʻomaha a me nā hoʻoponopono ʻāina ʻole, e hoʻopau ana i kekahi mau puka.
No laila, ʻaʻole he holoholona wikiwiki, hiki iā ia ke noʻonoʻo iā ia iho i ka palekana palekana - inā i kahi hoʻoweliweli, hiki iā ia ke hūnā. Loaʻa ka hohonu o ka lua i kahi mau mika 3-4, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā neʻe ma ka 30 mau mika.
ʻO ka hohonu o ka palahalaha tarbagan ka 3-4 mika, a ʻo ka lōʻihi he 30 m.
ʻO ka ʻohana, he ʻulu liʻiliʻi kēia i loko o ke kolone, ka mea nona nā mākua a me nā cubs ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe i ka 2 mau makahiki. Maikaʻi o ka lewa ma loko o ka noho ʻana, akā inā komo nā malihini i ka ʻāina, ua kipaku ʻia lākou.
I ka nui o ka ʻai, ʻo ka kolone he 16-18 mau kānaka, akā inā paʻakikī nā kūlana o ke ola, a laila hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka lehulehu i 2-3 specimens.
E alakaʻi nā holoholona i kahi nohona i kēlā me kēia lā, puka mai i nā minks ma kahi o kaiwa i ke kakahiaka, a i ka ʻeono i ke ahiahi. ʻOiai luhi ka ʻohana e ʻimi ana i nā lua a i ʻole e hānai ana, aia ke kū nei kekahi ma luna o ka puʻu a inā he pōʻino lākou e hōʻike aku i ka moku āpana me ke kī kipi.
Ma ka aoao holoʻokoʻa, hilahila a mālama nui kēia mau holoholona, ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lua, ke nānā pono lākou a huki ka lōʻihi no ka manawa a hiki i ka manaʻo o ka palekana o kā lākou mau hoʻolālā.
Lohe i ka leo o ka groundbog tarbagan
Me ka hiki ʻana o ka wā o ka ʻohi, i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa, hānau nā holoholona i kahi hohonu i loko o kā lākou mau lua no nā mahina he ʻehiku mau mahina (ma nā wahi e ʻoluʻolu, ua liʻiliʻi ka ʻōpū, i loko o ke anuanu).
Hoʻopili lākou i ka puka o ka lua me nā feces, honua, mauʻu. Mahalo i ka papalina o ka honua a me ka hau ma luna o lākou, a me kona wela iho, ua pili pono ka mga tarbagans i kēlā me kēia e mālama i ke ʻano maikaʻi.