Aupuni: | Eumetazoi |
Moulou | Nā iʻa Bony |
Nā Kuhikuhi: | Kouiniphysi |
Kekaha: | Pēlā ʻolua |
Nānā: | Nā lawaiʻa |
Nā lawaiʻa, a i ole kinohi (lat. Vimba vimba) is a species of sin-finned fish from the carp family.
Ma kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻano, he ʻokoʻa nā subspecies e ka noho.
Aia i ka lōʻihi o 60 cm a me ka nui o 3 kg, ʻo ka nui loa he 17 mau makahiki.
Keokeo a ʻono ka iʻa iʻa, kūʻai a maloʻo.
ʻO ka iʻa kūʻai pāʻai waiwai. Hoʻomaka ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka manawa o ka lāe ma Mei-Iune. E hopu ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻeleʻele i ke kīʻaha o ka muliwai ʻo Don, ke kahawai ʻo Kuban a me ke kai o Azov.
Hoʻohana lākou i ka hoʻopili o ka iʻa i nā hatcheries.
Hoʻaiho
I ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me ka palapala ichthyological, he inoa lua ka inoa - "lawaiʻa". Ma nā ʻāina Baltic, kahi e kaulana ai ka lawaiʻa, kapa ʻia ʻo "wimba". Loaʻa ka lawaiʻa ma nā kōnani ma nā ʻaoʻao komohana a me ke komohana hema o Rūsia. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau a i Siberia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka maka.
Loaʻa ka hapa nui o ka wimba i loko o nā kino wai.
Ma Lūkia, ua palena nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka iʻa i ka muliwai Svir, aia aia ma ka Leningrad Region. Hoʻopili ka Rare hopu i ka syrty ma ka Lake Onega. ʻO kēia iʻa maikaʻi o ka ʻohana cyprinid i hopu maikaʻi ʻia:
- i ka hema hema o Lake Ladoga,
- i Narva
- i Volkhov,
- ma ka piko o ke Komohana o Farani.
Noho ʻo Wimba i nā lehulehu ma nā kahawai o ka ʻākau komohana ʻākau o ʻEulopa a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o Rūsia. No nā lawaiʻa e noho ana ma nā kapa o ka Dniester a me ka Bug, ʻo ka lau ka mea lawaiʻa maʻamau. Ma kēia mau muliwai, ua hele mai nā lawaiʻa ʻana i nā ʻano lawaiʻa like ʻole ka liʻiliʻi a me ka roach. He mea hiki ke hopu i keia iʻa i lalo o ka Dnieper, eia naʻe, ma ka waena a i luna a hiki i keia kahawai, lawaiʻa ka lawaiʻa i ka kūlohelohe, ma muli o ka nui o nā kime i kālai ʻia i ke ala no ka iʻa.
ʻO ka manawa maʻamau, hiki i ka lawaiʻa iʻa iʻa ma ka Don ke hopu i ka iʻa maka. Ma ke kahawai ʻo Kuban, i nā makahiki he 15 i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka iʻa, aia paha ma muli o ke ʻano maʻamau o ke kūlana kaiāulu i nā wahi e puni ana. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi mau kānaka liʻiliʻi i nā loko ʻākau nui, kahi e kahe ana nā wai e like me Narva a me Volkhov i loko.
Koho ʻo Vimba i kahi wai me ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ke anuanu no ka noho ʻana, ʻo ia ke kumu i ʻike ʻia i ka hema a me nā ʻaoʻao o Rūsia. ʻOluʻolu loa kēia iʻa i ka waiwai o loko o ka moana Baltic. Ma ka Neman a me ka Dvina Komohana, aia kahi ʻano ʻenehana kūikawā i ʻole e lilo i nā neʻe lōʻihi a noho wale ma ka muliwai, me ka hele ʻole ʻana i kahi noho kū aʻe e noho kokoke ana.
No ka hale mau loa, koho ʻo wimba i nā ʻāpana o kahi kahawai me kahi ʻōpua i lalo, kahi i ka hohonu o 2 mika mau. I waena o nā pōhaku, e ʻimi nei ka iʻa i ka meaʻai maʻamau.
- keʻa nui ʻōwili,
- nā mollusks
- ulia pepeke.
I ke kauwela, hiki i ka lawaiʻa ke hoʻololi ʻokoʻa i ka hānai i nā algae filamentous. I ka wā o ke kahe ʻana, holo kokoke ka wimba i kahakai a hūnā i nā wahi liʻiliʻi, kahi maʻemaʻe ka wai.
Kahala
Vimba vimba (Pall.)
ʻO ka maʻa, inā ʻaʻole he lawaiʻa, he mea nui loa no ka poʻe noho o ke komohana, hema a me kekahi hapa o ka hema o Rūsia, akā ma ka ʻākau, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka loko o ka muliwai. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hālāwai me Volga, a ua pānaʻi paha ʻo Pallas me ia i ka roach (cm. Kamaka). No nā mea noiʻi Volga ma hope, ʻaʻohe e ʻōlelo i kahi iʻa, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻowahāwahā ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia. i ke Volga ma o na kahawai. Aia nō hoʻi ʻo ia i Siberia, ʻoiai ʻo Valenciennes i haʻi ua loaʻa i kēia iʻa mai ka Ob. Ua kāwili ʻia ʻo ia iā ia me ka pea
Kuhi. 133. Holo, lawaiʻa.
Kuhi. 134. He palaoa ka niho o pharyngeal.
Ma ka laulā, ka ʻāina home iʻa o Central Europa. ʻAʻole ʻo ia ma Farani a, maopopo loa, i Sepania a me Italia, akā maʻamau ʻo ia i nā maʻamau a me nā Kelemānia a me ʻAreteria, ʻo ʻEnelani a me Suena hoʻi. Ma Lūkia, ua hiki ke kumu makai i ka palena ʻākau ma ke kumu ʻo Svir a loaʻa ʻole i ʻike ʻia ma ka Lake Onega, ma ka piko o ke Kaiwa ʻo Finland, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Lake Ladoga, ma Neva hoʻi, Narova a me Volkhov, nona nā iʻa maʻamau a hele mai mai Meta mai, a ʻo paha paha ma Volga ma luna. Ma ke kai o Ladoga a hiki aku i Kexholm, a i loko o ke Gul o bothnia, lilo a Biorneborg i mea palena palena loa o kona kaʻana. Ma nā moku o Ostseey, ma ka ʻĀkau-komohana ʻākau, ʻo Polani a me ke komohana hema o Rūsia, ua nui loa ka nui o nā wahi maka. ʻO ka hapa iki loa, hiki i ka lawaiʻa ke Don, akā, ʻoiai, loaʻa kēia i nā helu nui ma Kuban. Eia kekahi, loaʻa ka ʻike maka i loko o kekahi mau loko nui ma ke komohana ʻākau o Russia, no ka laʻana. i loko Ilmen, ka mea nui, ma kona māhele ʻākau, kahi i hele mai ai ma kahi liʻiliʻi mai Volkhov.
Ma kona ihu elongated, kaulana, e uhi pono ana i ka waha, hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻāleʻa mai nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me kahi podust, kahi mea e hōʻike maoli i kekahi ʻano like me ia. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka podust ma mua o ka iʻa, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano ʻulaʻula a me ka puʻu anal pōkole (me 15 mau lā, ma ke syrtis 21-25), ʻoi aku ka pūpū o ka podust, i ka wā e wehe ʻia, ʻaʻole ia he puni, akā he ʻano quadrangular, ʻeleʻele ka peritoneum. ʻO ka kala o ka mea ʻenehana ʻokoʻa nui ma mua o nā kau. I ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka caviar, ʻo ia kekahi o kā mākou iʻa maikaʻi loa: ʻeleʻele loa ke kua āpau me ia, he ʻulaʻula waena o kona ʻōpū a me nā ʻeke liʻiliʻi, a hoʻomohala nā kāne i nā hua liʻiliʻi i kā lākou poʻo, nā uhi me ka hā o nā ʻāpana o nā unahi. kaʻau kaua hua ʻole. I ka hoʻoilo a ke hoʻoilo, he ʻala-hina ke kua o ka hope o ka lawaiʻa, ʻili ke kālā-keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele nā pua o lalo. I nā iho āpau, ka mea i kapa ʻia. bream-black blacked eyam (Abramis melanops) (1), ʻike ʻia e Nordman ma nā kahawai ʻo Crimean (Salgir), ʻaʻole ia he mau lāʻau kūikawā, akā he mea hoʻololi wale nō i kahi iʻa maʻamau. He pupu poohiwi nui ona a he kaulana nui, he kino hookeai, he keokeo hina a i no hoi ke kolo ana a pailaka olakino e poha ana i kona kua, a me na pua, a koe wale no ka anal a me ka pectoral (keokeo), he pika uliuli. 'Oiai' ole ia ma mua o ka wāwae wāwae.
ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maka ma mua o nā ʻano bream a pau, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 7–9 mau kūmole. a ʻo 2-3 paona, ke kaumaha, eia naʻe, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana a nā lawaiʻa Pskov, hele mai i ka maka a me ka 5 paona, akā ua ʻano ʻē loa kēlā. He ʻino a hoʻolaʻa kēia iʻa: i loko o nā kahe i hoʻopili mau ʻia i ka wai wikiwiki a hoʻomau mau i ka hoʻohālikelike, ka laulā, aloha nui ia i ka wai anuanu a maʻemaʻe, e wehewehe ana i ka waiho ʻana mai o nā kahawai ʻo Volga. ʻAʻole hopohopo ʻo ia, akā naʻe, ʻo ka wai brackish a makemake nui i ke ola ʻana i nā hale waiwai a me nā mea ulu nui, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka wā lohi. ʻO nā meaʻai o ka lawaiʻa ke kūʻokoʻa wale nō o nā iniseti like ʻole, nā mea kanu, ka ʻōpala, nā mollusks, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu aku.
Pōʻaiki ʻo Syrti i ka hema ma ke kūkulu hema o Mei, a ma nā ʻāpana komohana komohana - a i ka hopena o kēia mahina a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iune. Ma mua o kēia, i ka wā ma mua o ka pūnāwai, hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā holoholona he nui a wīwī loa a mai nā kahe a me nā ʻukāwai he mau manawa hele nui i nā kahe, e hiki ai iā lākou ke helu ʻia he iʻa nui migratory. Pipi pinepine lākou i nā hua ma ka kahawai, ma nā wahi hohonu me ka puʻu pōhaku, ma luna o ka wai e kahe nui ana, spawning maʻamau i ʻelua mau pule a, ʻoiai, hana ʻia i ka pō wale nō. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi ka iʻa iʻa (me nā hua poppy) a nui ka nui: i ka wahine hapalua hapalua he 30,000 mau huaʻai. Hoʻokomo mau ʻia ka iʻa ika i nā pōhaku a lākou e wāwahi ai, a ma ia mea, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, ua ʻike ʻia i nā ulia e hoʻopiʻi a me ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, nā manu wai hoʻi, ma mua o ka iʻa e lele ana i ka mauʻu a me nā wahi pāpaku.
ʻO ka ʻike kikoʻī loa e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke ola o ka lawaiʻa, ʻoiai ua pālahalaha loa, ua hālāwai mākou me Terletsky, ka mea i ʻike i ka lawaiʻa ma Zap. Dvina a me Neman. Ma ka wehewehe ʻana i kāna wehewehe ʻana, ʻo ka syrt o nā muliwai i kapa ʻia i nā ʻāpana he nui ʻē aʻe i ke syrt o Rūhia hema a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ke komohana ʻākau. "E kalaka," wahi a Terletsky, "iʻa ka muliwai, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ke komohana o Dvina a me Neman, ʻaʻole i paʻa i nā loko. Ma ke kaʻa a i ke kauwela, ke koho nei ʻo ia i ka whimsical, nā wahi kūikawā, kahi paʻakikī loa e hoʻoholo. E mālama mau ʻia i ka wai kahe, me kahi lalo i uhi ʻia me ka gvira nui a i ʻole nā papa pāpū, me nā hohonu hohonu. Me ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka wai, akā, mālama ia i ke kahakai a komo i nā kua o ke kua. Noho ʻo ia, ma ka home a me nā alualu holomua, ʻo ia ka mea i hana pinepine ai ma mua o nā iʻa muliwai, ʻae mau o ka pipi. ʻO nā pua nui o ka syrti e hui pū ʻia e ko lākou mauʻina makahiki, a ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻōpiopio i nā kula o nā makahiki ʻōpio a he ʻelemakule paha a ʻo ʻehā. ʻO ka syrtinki liʻiliʻi, a hala i ʻelua mau makahiki ʻelua, hoʻi i ka kahawai hohonu, ʻeli mau i loko o ke one a ma waena o nā pōhaku, e ʻimi ana i nā testicles a me nā huaʻala o nā mea kūlohelohe, kahi e hānai ai lākou. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hopu wale ʻia, akā e hui pū i nā iʻa ʻōpio me ke kao kīnā. "
"Nā mākaʻi ʻōpala i ka hopena o Iune a i ka hoʻomaka mua o Iulai. ʻAʻole kahi mākaukau i hoʻokahi iʻa wai mākaukau no kēia hoʻolauleʻa e like me ka pike a i ʻole podust (raw). ʻO nā hebedoma ʻelua ma mua o ka estrus, ua hoʻomaka ka poli a ʻala a lilo i ʻalaʻula, nani a nani loa. ʻO ke kala maʻamau keokeo, he ʻulaʻula anilika a me ka palaho ʻulaʻula me nā pahu melemele kokoke i nā kihi o nā huaʻala a ke hui pū ʻia nā pua. ”
“Ma Zapadnaya Dvina, he kupaianaha kūikawā o ka ʻula i ka wā i ka pua o ka manu manu, i ka wā o ka hoʻomoʻo ʻana o ka ʻula a me ka ʻula o nā pua. Inā nui a wai liʻiliʻi paha ka wai, e piʻi aʻe ka podust i kēia manawa i loko o nā moku nui o Western Dvina. Pono e haʻi ʻia ma kēia mau ala e hānai ʻia ai e ka liʻiliʻi o ka podust, a laila, i ka wā o ka ʻūhū ʻana o ka rye, ka nui a me ka hua ʻōpala ʻo ia ka nui. Wahi a lākou: "aia kekahi podust - cheryomovka, robin a hele aku paha i alakaʻi alakaʻi." Kuhi lākou e mākaukau ia, e hoʻomākaukau ana no ka hoʻolei ʻana o nā hua i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e loaʻa iā ia i kahi kūpono no kēia i mua a, me he mea lā e hoʻomake ʻo ia iā ia iho, e haʻalele koke ia, no laila ka neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana wale nō i kekahi mau lā. "
“ʻAʻole ʻohi i ka ʻūhā no ka ʻāʻī ʻana, akā, ke noho nei ma kēlā mau kauhale nui a liʻiliʻi paha i ʻike ʻia ai nā caviar i? ke hoʻohilahila ʻia nei nā ʻano o ke kauā, ka podust, ma hope o kekahi, e lele mau i luna o ka pōhaku ponoʻī, me he mea lā e makemake ana e lana ma luna o ia mea. Pihi ka kua i ka poli i nā aniani i ka lā, i ka neʻe ʻana paha i ka nalo ai i ka wai hāʻule, a me ka hāhaʻi wikiwiki e lele ana i nā kahawai waiʻu. ʻO ka polū kaomi ʻana i ka caviar a me ka waiū i ka wā wikiwiki, kahe kahe, a lawe koke iā lākou i lalo. Ke loaʻa ʻana o nā wahi kūpono no ka pīhoihoi, hele pinepine ka podust i nā kahe nui o nā muliwai ma nā kauhale nui, kahi i loaʻa ai e Jacques (Zhokhs, snout), i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i kahi ala wikiwiki.
I ʻole ʻike ʻole ʻia ka poʻe Jacques a e hoʻopuni iā ia a ʻoiai ke kīleʻaleʻa liʻiliʻi, i kēlā manawa ke ʻano nui i ka podust, ʻā pinepine ʻia ia me nā lau (?) Mai nā kulu i uhi ʻia me nā lau a i ʻole nā lau. "
ʻO ke ola a me ka lawaiʻa o ka iʻa wai wai. - Kiev: Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Kūpono o ka Palapala Hoʻoila o Ukraine SSR. L.P. Sabaneev. 1959.
Kāleka
He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā maka i nā poʻe ʻelele o ka ʻohana cyprinid ma o kona ʻili nui e komo ai i ka puka o ka waha. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona, hilahila pinepine ia me ka podust, nā mea like me nā ʻāpana like. ʻO nā hōʻailona ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi lawaiʻa a me kahi iʻa iʻa:
- ke kino ʻāpana e ʻokoʻa nā kala ʻē aʻe.
- oi aku ka nui o nā hihi i loko o ka anal anal (inā he 15 mau hihi i ka fin, a laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maka ma mua o 20).
- ke ʻano o ka waha (aʻo ka waha he quadrangle i loko o ka nostril),
- nā kaulua maikaʻi.
Hiki ke loli ka kala o ka wimba i loko o kēia makahiki. Ma mua o ke spawning, peʻe ke kino o kēia iʻa i kahi kala kukui, me kahi nui o ka ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻoniʻula. E like me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana cyprinid, lilo ke poʻo a me nā gill i ka wiwi kāne i pili loa i ka pa i ka wā wili. Ma hope o ka manawa hoʻōla, helehelena ke kiko o nā pua. Me ka wai hoʻōla o ka ngahulu, ʻo ka hope o ka waihona o ka lau ke loaʻa i kahi mālamalama māmā, hina. Kōleʻele nā ʻōlepala a me nā poli.
Ma ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina ʻo Crimean he ʻano ʻano kai maʻamau - bre-black black eye. ʻOkoʻa kēia ʻano ʻano me nā loiloi o ka hui nui ma ka waiho ʻole ʻana o ka ihu nui a me kahi kino kikoʻī. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā poʻo o ka bream maka maka i kapa ʻia i ka pouli, a me nā alapi wai a me ka pectoral i kahi palena ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa ka lōʻihi o kekahi ʻano o kēia ʻano ka nui ma mua o 30 cm. Ma kekahi mau kukuna, aia he kewa ma waena o kahi wimba a me kahi ʻula. Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā mau hybrids i kahi kala i makawalu a me kahi peni anal concave.
Hopu aku nā lawaiʻa i nā ʻenehana wimba, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka iʻa ma ke ʻano he iwakālua kilokilo, eia naʻe ka nui o ka nui o kēia iʻa ma kahi o 30 cm me ke kaumaha o 600–800 g. iʻa.
Spawning
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā cyprinids ʻē aʻe, hoʻomaka ka wawing wimba ma hope i ka hopena o ka mahana o ka wai i ka 18-20 deg. Ma nā ʻāina hema, e hoʻopau ana ka manawa kikoʻai i ka hopena o Mei, a ma ke kūkulu ʻākau-komohana i ka hoʻomaka-waena o Iune. Ma mua o ke kaʻe ʻana, hana ʻia nā lawaiʻa he mau ʻohana nui a hoʻomaka e piʻi i nā kahawai. He ʻano maoli nō kēlā mau ʻano lawaiʻa i ka migratory spesies. Kuhi ʻia kēlā mau kula e like me ke kānāwai o ka makahiki, no laila aia kekahi kanaka i ka nui o ka nui i ka ʻāpana o nā iʻa e kokoke ana i kahi e ʻai ai.
Inā loloa ka meli a me ka crucian carp i kahi hohonu, e waiho ana i nā hua ma nā kumu o nā mea kanu aku, a laila ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka wawning. E waiho ana ka maka i ka hua ma nā wahi kuʻi ma ke kahawai, kahi e piʻi ai ka hohonu a ʻelima paha mau mika. ʻO nā hua i kau ʻia, me ke kōkua o kahi mea kikowaʻe e hoʻopuni ana i ka ulaula, paʻa paʻa i ka ʻaha o nā pōhaku, ka mea e pale ai i kona kaohi ʻia e ka wai kahawai. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā hua i waiho ʻia i loko o nā puʻu pōhaku i lilo i mea hiki ʻole i ka wai wai a me ka nui o nā iʻa.
Hiki i ke kaʻina hana hakakā i mau manawa ʻelua ma kahi o nā hebedoma ʻelua, aʻo ka hapa nui loa ka poʻe nui e waiho i ka hua. ʻO ka lawena puaʻa wale nō i ka pō. Liʻiliʻi ka nui o kona mau hua. Hiki i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ʻōlelo ke waiho ʻia ma kahi o 30 mau huaʻai, e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hapa o nā lālā o kēia ʻano. Hohū ʻia ʻo Fry mai nā hua, nā makahiki ʻelua o ke ola e pili ana i kahi pūnaewele i hānau lāua. Inā ʻike ʻia nā wai o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe i loko o ka wai pāpō i hoʻomā ʻia ʻia e ka lā, ke noho wale ʻia ka pī o ka iʻa maka i ka nānā ʻana i nā maka.
ʻAʻole ia he iʻa lawaiʻa o kēia iʻa, no ka mea, heʻuʻuku ka nui o kona heluna. Hoʻoholo maikaʻi ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kekahi o nā iʻa wai puna loa. He mea maikaʻi ia i ka ʻano pāmu a maloʻo.
Nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa
No ka mea, e hoʻopili ana ka maka maka i nā wahi me kahi manawa kūpono, pono ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka lawena kūpono, e ʻae ana i ka nui o ka maunu i ka wai ikaika. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hopu iā Wimbu ma kā Bologna hou a me nā mea hānai. E mālama ka ʻoihana hoʻonaʻauao hou i ka hānai kūpono ʻana o ka nozzle i ka wahi lawaiʻa a e lawe mai i ka lawaiʻa he ʻoliʻoli maikaʻi i ka wā e pāʻani ana i ka iʻa.
ʻO ke kumu lawaiʻa Bologna
Nui maikaʻi ka hoʻokele Bologna no ka hopu ʻana i ka wimba ma nā muliwai liʻiliʻi me kahi manawa maʻalahi, kahi e kaomi ai ke kahaki o 15-20 mau mā lawa e loaʻa i ka iʻa i kā lākou wahi o ka paka.Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Bologna no ka lawaiʻa o wimba i kekahi mau mea:
- he kahiʻa lawaiʻa Bologna 6-7 m loa, ua hoʻouka ʻia me ka ʻoihana puaʻa 3000 inertia,
- ka laina lawaiʻa nui e pili ana i ka laina o 0.16-0.18 mm:
- he papa papae a iʻa hoʻihoʻi paha i ka ʻai me ka lawe ʻana i nā 4-12 g,
- aolo helehel
- lūlū lole silicone,
- swivel inā lahilahi
- he alakaʻi mai ka laina lawaiʻa monofilament me ka mānoanoa 0.12-0.16 mm,
- hook.
I ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā ʻono ikaika, pono e hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻowalewale me ka mana lawe e ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 10 g. ʻOiai ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka lua wili e pili ana i ka launa pinepine ʻana o ka laina lawaiʻa nui me ka papa lalo o ka papa, mai hoʻohana i nā monofilament maemae loa, no ka mea, e lilo koke lākou i ka hana. ʻO ka laina lawaiʻa monofilament kiʻekiʻe me kahi diameter o 0.16-0.18 mm e kūpono no ka hoʻopiha ʻana i kahi koʻokoʻo Bologna.
Hōʻalo ʻia ka wai hoʻoneʻe a i ʻole paha ka mea i hoʻemi ʻia i ka neʻe ʻana mai ka kahe wai i hōʻike ʻia a paʻa ʻē aʻe i lalo o nā kūlana o ke au ikaika. Pono ke aniani o ka hāmeʻa hōʻailona Bologna i loaʻa kahi pono ponoʻī nona, e ʻae ai no ka ʻae o ka palaka.
Hiki i kahi mea lawaiʻa pāpaʻi ke hōʻeha i ka laina lawaiʻa i ka wā lawaiʻa, no laila, pono ke hoʻokomo ʻia i ka cicric silicone i loko o kona lua e pale ai i ka monofilament. ʻO ka bead silicone e noho nei i loko o ka paʻa-i ke pale ʻana i ka waihona alakaʻi mai ka wāwahi i ka ʻaha hui. Mālama ka swivel maikaʻi i ka twisting o ka lehe i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu.
Pono ka nānā mua ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka lime, he 60-90 cm loa. ʻO kēlā mau leʻihi lōʻihi e hāʻawi i ka maunu o kahi pāʻani hou ma ke papa, no ka mea e ʻike wikiwiki ai ka hānai i ka nozzle. No ka mea e kamaʻilio ana mākou i ka hopu ʻana i nā iʻa ikaika a i ʻole, mai hoʻohana ʻoe i kahi leʻa e ʻoi aʻe ka palupalu ma mua o 0.12 mm, ʻoiai ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā leele e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā pali pinepine a me nā hōʻuluʻulu hōʻeuʻeu.
Ua hakakā mau ka Wimba i ka wā o ka pāʻani, no laila hiki ke hōʻalo o nā manuki mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā māka ma mua o ka helu 12. Hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaula ākea, ʻo ka mea i ʻike pinepine ʻia ka iʻa ma luna o nā mau lā nui nui. ʻO ke kaʻina hana no ka lako lawaiʻa o wimba, penei:
- ua kau ʻia kahi kahua i ka monofilament nui,
- kau ʻia kahi mea lawaiʻa ʻana ma kahi iʻa lawaiʻa,
- kau ʻia kahi wili paʻa i ka monofilament,
- ka mea e paʻa ai kahi paʻa i ka palena o ka laina nui
- kahi leʻaleʻa me ka māka e hoʻopili ʻia ma ka swivel.
Hoʻololi ʻia nā mea hana i kahi o ka mamao mai ka puke a i ka lewa he 0.5-1 m kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hohonu maoli ma kahi o ka lawaiʻa. Ke kaʻi ʻana mai, kau ka wai pū ʻana ma lalo o ka muliwai, a he mau leʻe me kahi kaula e hahai ma mua o ia. Mahalo i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka papahele, kahi lawaiʻa o ka iʻa e hoʻoneʻe koke ʻia i ka pahu.
ʻAi lāʻau pono
Loaʻa nā manawa pinepine inā ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma ke kahawai liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 50 m kahi, e hiki aku ai i ka iʻa, pono ke hoʻolilo ke lawaiʻa 30-40 m o nā lako hana. ʻāpana wahi. I kēia hihia, hiki i ke ʻano ke hoʻohana i ka ʻoihana feeder, kahi e pili ana:
- 40-100 g kōpulu hānai ʻōpala, 2.7–3.5 m ka lōʻihi, ua hoʻolako ʻia me ka 3000 series inertialess reel,
- ke kaula kipi nui me ka lōʻihi o 0.12 mm,
- he hapalua hapai pipi i kaupaona 30-80 g,
- hook one.
Hiki i kahi lāʻau hoʻolaʻa ikaika ke hoʻolilo i ka mea hānai e kau ana ma kahi o 80 g a i kahi mamao o 60 m.hiki i kahi pānaʻi koʻikoʻi i ka wā e huki ana i ka pipi a pono ia e mālama i ka pelepeke i kahi kikoʻī i kahi manawa ikaika. ʻAʻole ʻoe e hoʻohana i kahi kaula kila kili no ka lawaiʻa ʻana, no ka mea e hoʻonui kēia i ka kaomi o ka wai ma ke kāʻei a hōʻemi nui ʻia kona naʻau.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā koi like i kahi leʻaleʻa me kahi kaula e like me ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka ukana Bologna. Mai ka lawaiʻa i ke kahawai e lawe ai ka iʻa me ka ʻoi loa o ka maunu a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī i ka wai kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe ʻōmole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā laina leile iki a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pōkole liʻiliʻi.
Nui ka ʻoki i ka lawaiʻa i ka wimba i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka hau. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma mua o ka lawaiʻa wai, akā he mea hoihoi nō naʻe. E hopu i kahi lawaiʻa mai ka hau ma kahi hākele puaʻa hoʻoilo. Hoʻololi ka mea hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻoilo ma ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka manawa wela ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi mea paʻahana e kaupaona ana mai 10 a 30 mau mau mea hana. Ma kahi o kahi coers inertialess, ʻo ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo o ka "multiplier" e kau pinepine ma kēlā ʻanuʻu. ʻO ke koena o ka mea hana o ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo ke kūlike ia e like me ka mea no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka wai wehe.
ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e like me nā ʻelele āpau o nā cyprinids, pane maikaʻi i ka wai hoʻohuihui. Me kekahiʻano, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ke kūʻai a kūʻai ʻia a i ʻole nā hale i hana ʻia e hoʻihoʻi i ka bream a i ʻole ka roach. He mea nui hoʻi e hoʻomanaʻo e hoʻomaka ana ka lawaiʻa i nā wai ikaika, pono ia e hoʻohui i ka ʻāina koʻikoʻi i ka palu mauʻa, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka kahe ʻana o ka wai me ka hoʻohemo koke i nā mea momona mai ka pae lawaiʻa.
E like me ke one no ka lawaiʻa, he maʻamau ka ʻā o ka lepo a i ʻole maggot e hoʻohana mau ʻia ʻO nā kahe koko a me ka palaoa palaoa kāhea ʻia.
Inā lawa ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ka lawaiʻa ma ka muliwai kahi i loaʻa ka iʻa maka, a laila pono ʻo ia e hoʻāʻo e hopu i kēia iʻa ʻano nani a nani. Ma mua o ka hele ʻana i ka lawaiʻa, pono ʻoe e heluhelu pono i nā lula o ka lawaiʻa a me ka hōʻoia i ka pae lawaiʻa i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻana, ʻaʻole i komo pū ʻia nā mea iʻa no ka lawaiʻa ʻana.
Ka wehewehe ʻiwi
Hiki i ka lawaiʻa ke lōʻihi o 60 cm me ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino a hiki i 3 kg. ʻAʻole ola ma mua o 17 mau makahiki.
ʻO kahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka hiʻohiʻona o ka iʻa kahi elongated ihu, e uhi piha ana i ka waha o kēia iʻa. Aia ma kēia kumu ke maʻalahi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka iʻa mai nā ʻano wai ʻē aʻe (bream, scythe, hipa, etc.). Eia kekahi, ua hōʻano hou ka waha o ka iʻa, ua elongated ke poʻo.
He kino ʻē aʻe kekahi lawaiʻa, kahi i uhi ʻia me nā paona nui. Dorsal fin kiʻekiʻe a pōkole.
A ʻo ke kala o ka iʻa, he umauma hina kālā. Eia naʻe, loli ka pale ʻana ma muli o ka manawa o ka makahiki. Ma ka hapa o ka spawning, i ka pūnāwai, ua uhi ʻia ka hope o ka lawaiʻa he ʻeleʻele, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻeke liʻiliʻi e kiʻi i kahi ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka moʻo i ka wā o ke kāwili i luna o kā lākou poʻo, ka uhi a me nā ʻaoʻao o nā unahi i loaʻa ke ʻano lole.
I ka hopena o ka hopena o ka hopena, loaʻa i ka hope o nā lawaiʻa ka pua ʻulaʻala i ulaula, lilo nā pūpū i lalo i keʻokeʻo, ʻili ke kālā a keʻokeʻo.
ʻĀnaka ʻaʻa
ʻO ka lawaiʻa nui e mālama ʻia i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela. I kēia manawa, haʻalele ka hapa nui o ka iʻa i ka loko no nā muliwai, a i ka hoʻoilo ke makemake lākou e hoʻi i loko o ka loko.
Manaʻo nā lawaiʻa i kahi iʻa iʻa me kahi ʻano nimble a ola maikaʻi. Ma nā muliwai, hiki iā ia ke noho i nā wahi me kahi manawa ikaika a hiki nō hoʻi i nā neʻe. Noho ia ma nā wahi noho me ka wai maʻemaʻe, ma nā wahi ma kahi haʻahaʻa wati a i ʻole ka ʻōpio paha. ʻO kekahi manawa mālama ʻia i nā lua i nā hohonu hohonu.
Ma kēia ʻano i alakaʻi ai i kahi ʻano nohona. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano o nā iʻa e nā poʻe like o ka like me ka nui a me nā makahiki, kekahi manawa lehulehu loa.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano mea hihiu ʻano, mollusks, pōpilikia, nā ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i loko o ka ʻaʻa lawaiʻa. Me kahi meaʻai maikaʻi ʻole, hiki i ka lawaiʻa ke hele i algae.
Waʻai wai i nā mea hana i loko o Mei-Iune. Ma ka pipi o ka spawning, hōʻiliʻili nā iʻa i nā kula nui a hele i nā muliwai. Hōʻalo nā wahine i nā hua ma nā waha wai, ma nā wahi me ka wikiwiki a me ka puʻu pōhaku, a i kekahi manawa ma kahi hohonu. Noho ka iʻa ʻana ma ka hopena he ʻelua pule, ulu nui ʻia ma ka pō.
Liʻiliʻi ka caviar iʻa, e like me nā hua poppy, akā lehulehu. ʻO kekahi wahine kaupaona 600 g hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia a hiki i ka 30 tausani mau hua.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka iʻa (ma 100 g)
ʻO ka kūpono o ka meaʻai | |
Kālā, kcal | 88 |
Pūnaewele, g | 17,5 |
ʻOi, g | 2,0 |
Wai wai g | 70 |
Nā Macronutrients | |
Chlorine mg | 165 |
Sulfur, mg | 175 |
Hōʻikeʻike i nā ʻāpana | |
Zinc mg | 0,7 |
Chromium, mcg | 55 |
Fluorine, mcg | 430 |
Molybdenum, mcg | 4 |
Nickela, mcg | 6 |
Nā huaora | |
ʻĀpana PP (niacin kūlike), mg | 2,905 |
He waiwai e hoʻohana ai i ka iʻa
Ma kekahi lawaiʻa e ʻike ʻia he iʻa kūpono ʻia na kanaka. ʻO kāna ʻiʻo i loaʻa nā momona protein nui, ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa i ka kao o ka ʻai i ka hui waikawa amino. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i lawa ka iʻa i ka momona saturated, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia e pili ana i ka pale a me ka mālama ʻana i ka atherosclerosis. Hōʻike ʻia ka iʻa no ka hypertension, edema a me nā pilikia e pili pū ana i nā maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular. Pono wale ia e ʻai ai i ia mau mea i loko o kahi pākaʻi a hoʻolapalapa paha, no ka mea, puma, maloʻo a paʻakai ʻia nā loko i hiki wale ke hoʻomāino ʻia ka maʻi o nā mea maʻi.
Heʻuʻuku loa ka ʻoliʻona o nā iʻa, no laila e ʻōlelo ʻia i ka mea ʻai i ka ʻaina.
ʻAuhea e loaʻa ai ka iʻa a puʻe?
ʻEhā mau māka nui o ka lawaiʻa, ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka nohona, a me nā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi i nā helehelena:
- ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻeleʻele kai liʻiliʻi (noho nui ma loko o nā kīʻaha o ke Kai Kūleʻa a me Azov),
- Kiʻui Caspian (kahi noho ʻole o ka ʻaoʻao moana ʻo Caspian),
- lawaiʻa liʻiliʻi (Black Sea basin),
- ka maka (maʻamau i nā kīʻaha o ke Kaiakau a me Baltic Seas.
ʻO ka iʻa maka, he lawaiʻa paha, hiki i ke iʻa kai piha, a iʻa paha migratory a iʻa i kahi maihi migratory. ʻIke ʻia ia i loko o nā wai wai o ke kikowaena a me nā ʻāpana o ʻEulopa, ma Rūsia ua pālahalaha ʻia ʻo ia ma nā ʻaoʻao o South-Western a me Southern, a ʻo ia nō hoʻi ka mea i loaʻa i loko o nā loea o Caspian, Baltic a me North Seas. Maʻa ākea ka nui o nā ʻōhua ma mua o ka wai kai, e noho ana i nā hale waiwai a me nā ʻukua, kahi i kiʻekiʻe ʻole ka paʻakai o ka paʻakai i ka wai.
Pehea a me ka mea iʻa iʻa iʻa
Loaʻa ka iʻa (ma muli o ke ʻano noho o ka noho), maʻamau me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela, ke hele ka iʻa i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ke kōpana a e piʻi aʻe paha ma ka muliwai e kaʻu. Ma mua o ka spawning, hoʻomaka kahi zhor i loko i ka iʻa, a i kēia manawa ke kū maikaʻi ʻo ia.
ʻO ka wahi e lawaiʻa ai e hele pū me ka holo wai wai ʻole. ʻO ke kūlana maikaʻi loa o ka lā no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ke kakahiaka kakahiaka, a no ke ahiahi. I ka loaʻa o ke kūʻokoʻa i ke koho ʻana i kahi no ka lawaiʻa (i ka hoʻoilo ʻana i ka wā o ka wā i hele ai ka iʻa i nā wahi hohonu), e aʻo ʻia he moku.
ʻO kā lākou hopu maoli ma lalo (nā kahuʻai), a me ka mauʻu (maʻa mau ke aloha ʻana) nā mīkini, a me nā mīkini pūnoi a me nā ʻano loea. No ka mea he iʻa maikaʻi loa ʻo Rybnik, ʻōlelo nui nā lawaiʻa e hoʻohana ana i ka lōʻihi (mai 50 a 90 mau kenimika) i ka leʻa i ka wā e lawe ai i ka nozzle ka manaʻo ʻole o ka iʻa i ka pale ʻana.
No ka hānai, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka metala, me nā pīpī liʻiliʻi (i ʻike ʻole ʻia lākou e nā mea i kēia manawa), nā mea hānai. I nā meaʻai hoʻohui, pono nā ʻāpana o ka hapa e hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka maunu ʻana (nā koko koko, nā ʻōpala, nā maggots, a pēlā aku).
E like me ka pain, ka hānai i nā hua holoholona, e like me ke kahe, nā maggots, nā ʻōpala a me nā mollusks, e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, akā i ke kauwela he hopu maikaʻi nō hoʻi ka lāʻau baits (ʻai, pī, bīlī, kuhiki, semolina, a me nā mea). Ke lawaiʻa ka lawaiʻa, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i lalo o lalo a me lalo o ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, no kēlā, ʻo ka maunu e kū ai i lalo a i ʻole hoʻi i kiʻekiʻe.
Nā mea kūpono i kahi iʻa
ʻOiai ke kūpono ʻole o kēia iʻa i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia kona ʻano maikaʻi loa i ka ʻāpana lawaiʻa o kekahi lawaiʻa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, nona nā meaʻai a Rybtsa, ua kokoke ke hoʻokahi o ka protein a hoʻokahi wale nō 88 kiliona . ^ E Ha yM. He momona, kalo, maloʻo a ʻoluʻolu loa, hiki ke kau i ka palaoa, palaoa, palaoa kālele, akā mahalo ʻia i ka ʻano maloʻo a ʻomaʻama ʻia. Ma muli o ke kiko o ka fluorine, vitamika PP, nā waikawa amino pono a me nā momona momona, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia i ka ʻai no nā kānaka a pau, akā e lilo ia i mea kūpono no nā maʻi me osteoporosis, rickets, atherosclerosis, hypertension a me nā maʻi cardiovascular.
Hoʻohana a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā iʻa
He nui ka nui o ka protein i loko o ka iʻa, kahi i kona waiwai momona e hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka protein ʻai ʻiʻo, a ʻoi aku hoʻi - ʻaʻole i ka protein kāʻei o ka iʻa i loaʻa nā kīʻaha saturated, ua hui ʻia nā mea nui amino amino, me ka ʻole o ka hana piha o ke kino o ke kanaka he hiki ʻole. ʻO kēia mau waikawa amino nā lysine, methionine, taurine a me tryptophan. ʻO ka Taurine ka mea nui loa ka momona amino, ʻo ia hoʻi, e like me ka ea, i mea e pono ai no nā poʻe e hōʻeha nei i ka atherosclerosis, edema, hypertension a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe me ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular. No laila, he nui loa ka lau no ka poʻe me nā pilikia ma luna. Hoʻopiliʻia, nā protein āpau i loko o ka iʻa e maʻalahi noke me ka maʻalahi o ka digestible.
E like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka hohonu o ka wai, aia ka lawaiʻa i kekahi mau huaora, macro- a me nā microelement, kahi e lanakila ai ka fluorine. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, pono ke kino e pono ai no ka ikaika o ka iwi o ka iwi a me ka enamel niho, a no ke olakino olakino a me nā pili koko. Mālama ka Fluoride i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā caries dental, rickets a me osteoporosis. Loaʻa ka nui o nā chromium i loko i ka iʻa, e kōkua ana i ke kino e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kao kalima, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā metabolism myocardial a hoʻoponopono i ka glucose, like hoʻi me ka molybdenum, e kōkua ai i ka paleʻana i ka anemia.
ʻO nā huaora i loko o ka iʻa, nā huaora vitamin wale nō, a i ʻole acid nicotinic, aia nō. Lawe ka Vitamin PP i kahi hana ikaika i ka hoʻoliʻi a me ka hoʻoliʻi ʻana i ka protein, hoʻoneʻe i ka hana o ka nupepa, hoʻōla i ka hana o ka lolo, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pae o ka cholesterol maikaʻi ʻole i ke koko.