He kapa kūpono loa kēia, kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻohana moʻomeheu. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, kapa ʻia ʻo ia he bonito, ʻae ʻia ka ʻeleʻele, mackerel, a me ka hiʻule hina-polaka. Manaʻo ʻepekema he mamo ʻo ia nā ʻano kanaka Isurus hastilus, nona nā ʻelele i hiki i ʻeono mau ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ana ma kahi o ʻekolu ʻanā. Ua ola kēia ʻano poʻo i nā wā Cretaceous i ka manawa like me nā plesiosaurs a me ichthyosaurs.
ʻIke ʻia kēia poʻe preditoria i nā wai āpau o ke kai a me ka moana. ʻAʻole lākou e noho i kēlā me kēia, e kū ana i nā moana nui "ka mamao a me ka ākea". Ma o ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā kuʻuna, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka mako me ka uhi ʻana i kahi mamao mai 500 a 4,000 km.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Mako e pili ana i ka mea pōʻino i nā kānaka, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano nui i ka hiohi. ʻAʻole nele ʻo ia i nā mea pio a me ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻoiai ua piha loa. ʻO nā mea make hano Mako he mea make make, ʻoiai i ka iʻa ʻoi aku ka iʻa me ka wikiwiki, no laila e manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hōʻino manu weliweli.
Lawe ʻia kēia mea kō i ka wahi i kahi "hoʻohanohano" ma ka papa inoa o nā māka pōmaikaʻi nui loa no ke kanaka. I ka manawa like, hiki iā ia ke lilo i alakaʻi, akā na ke ʻano e hoʻokūkū iā ia i nā wai ākea, kahi liʻiliʻi loa ka hopena o ka hālāwai ʻana o nā poʻe. Me he mea lā e makemake ana e hoʻoponopono i kēia nānā, ua holo kekahi o nā peke Mako i loko o ke Kai Akau i ka makahiki 2003. I 3 mau mahina wale nō, ua ʻāpono ʻo ia i ke kaua ʻana i ka poʻe 15 (ma ka liʻiliʻi) a laila holo mālie lākou i ka wai ākea.
Ua ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi nā hihia ʻo mako shark e hōʻeha i nā kānaka ma nā waʻa a i ʻole paha i ke kai. No laila, i ka makahiki 1956, ʻaʻole i kahi mamao loa mai Puerto Rico, kahi kūlana hoihoi. Hoʻokahi kekahi lawaiʻa kūloko i kahi o ka mako makona, akā ua pakele ʻo ia, huli a huli akula i ka mea lawehala. Ua lele pololei ʻo ka mea kō i mua o ke kai a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia e hopu i kahi kanaka.
A ʻo kēia ʻē aʻe ke hihia o ka hihia o Mako wale nō. I ikeia no keia maki aole ia ka uku no ka lele koke koke mai i loko o ka wai a hopu i kahi kanaka e kū ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka waʻa e huki iā ia ma lalo o ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, no ka ʻāpono, he mea kūpono ʻole e ʻāpono ʻia ka mea kuhi e hana ma kēia ʻano: ua manaʻo ʻia he mea maikaʻi loa no ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa.
ʻO nā poʻe aloha o ia lawaiʻa e mahalo mahalo i ka mako no kona hiki ʻole ke pale aku i ka hopu ʻana. Ma hope o ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka mea paʻa, hoʻowalewale ʻo ia i 6 mau ākea kiʻekiʻe, palupalu a huki hou aʻe i ka laina lawaiʻa, i hiki koke iā ia ke hālāwai me ka lawaiʻa a ʻimi e hana nona. ʻO ka lanakila ʻana ma luna o ia hoa ikaika ikaika e mahalo ʻia. Ma ke ala, loaʻa ʻo Hemingway ka mako nui loa i ka manawa hoʻokahi: kaupaʻa ʻo kāna iʻa 357 kg.
Akā e mamao loa kēia ma ka palena no ka mako: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka nui o ke kino wahine he 3.8 m me kahi paona he 570 kg. Ua liʻiliʻi iki ka moʻo: ʻo kā lākou kaumaha he 60-135 kg, a ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka nunui ʻaʻole he 3.2 m. Ua loaʻa i ka ʻelele nui o nā ʻano me ke kino he 4.45 m ma ke kahakai o Palani i ka makahiki 1973. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole koi koke nā ʻepekema i ka hāʻawi ʻana iā ia i ka palma, no ka mea i ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki 50, ua lawe ʻia ka hiʻu Mako i ka nui o ke kākāā ʻana o Tureke: a hoʻoholo ʻia e ke kiʻi, ʻo kona lōʻihi he 5.85 m.
Ua lulu iki ka mako silhouette ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua a hiʻi ʻia kahi kālā dorsal kiʻekiʻe, symmetrical crescent "ʻili" a me kahi poʻo conical i kuhikuhi ʻia. ʻO ke kala ka aneane keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka ʻōpū a me ka hina hina-ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā polū ʻeleʻele ma ke kua.
Kahi kūpono ka ʻōiwi kino holo kūpono no ka neʻe i ka wikiwiki. ʻO ia ka mako ka wikiwiki o nā ʻano poki. Hiki i kēia lawena lawaiʻa ke hana i nā lele kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ke 6 mika ke kiʻekiʻe!
ʻO ka meaʻai nui no ka hio mako i waena ʻo ia a me nā kula nui nā ʻohana. ʻO kēia pua nui mua, sardine, mackerel, mackerel, tuna. ʻO kekahi o nā inoa o ka mea nāna e hana maʻamau i nā ʻāpana like ʻole ʻo ka mackerel a me nā shark hered nosed herce, e hōʻike maopopo ana i kona makemake ʻono. Ma kahi o nā mea i kau inoa ʻia ma luna, ua loaʻa pū ka ʻai i nā squids a me nā octopuses, nā iʻa (kiʻekiʻe loa) a me nā iʻa, nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, nā pipi a me nā mōlia manu nui ʻole.
ʻO ka makeke i ka makako e ka oviposition. ʻO ka Embryos i hānai i nā hua a me nā hua i komo ʻole ʻia (intrauterine oophagia). I loko o ka litter mai 4 a 30 (ma ka awelika mai 10 a 18) nā keiki hou i ka lōʻihi o kahi 70 cm. ʻO ka nui o ka litter e hoʻoponopono pololei me ka nui o ka makuahine. Hoʻohālikelike ka helu ʻana o nā kāne a me nā wahine i waena o nā ʻaka manu i loko o nā ʻapo o KwaZulu-Natal, he 0.6: 1 a 2,5: 1 mau i ka manawa. Ma ka aoao holoʻokoʻa, ua lanakila nā kāne ma ka makahiki a koe wale no ka manawa mai Ianuali a ʻApelila. I waena o nā 17 mano pika, ka ho'ēlikelike ʻana o nā kāne ma nā wahine ʻo 1.4: 1.
I nā hemisela ʻelua, hana pinepine ka hana mai ka hoʻoilo i ka waena kauwela. Wahi a nā manaʻo e hoʻohalike aku i kahakai o KwaZulu-Natal, hānau ka hānau keiki i ka hopena o ke kauwela (i ka hopena o Nowemapa) a me ka male ʻana i ka wā ulu (mai Malaki a Iune). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāpaiʻana ma kahi o 15-18 mau mahina. Aia manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole hōʻiliʻili ka wahine i loko o 18 mau mahina ma hope o ke ʻano o nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio, ma hope o ia mea e hoʻopuka hou i kahi hua manu a kali i ka hana ʻana. I nā kāne pākeke, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka manawa o ka manawa ma ka gonadosomatic index (ka hoʻohālikelike o ka nui o gonad i ka iwi kino), i ka hoʻoilo ma mua o ke kauwela. I nā wahine makua, ʻo ke kuhikuhi ʻana ka gonadosomatic maikaʻi me ka hepatosomatic index (ʻo ka ratio o ka nui o nā ate ma ka nui o ke kino): i nā poʻe me nā ovaries nui, nui ka nui o ka ate.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ma 2006 i ka ʻike mua ʻole e pili ana i ka makahiki a me ka nui o nā māka mako makua e noho nei ma ka ʻAmelika Hikina. Wahi a kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka nui o ke ola nui ma kahi kāne 2.60 m lōʻihi - 29 makahiki a ma kahi wahine he 3.35 m lōʻihi - 32 mau makahiki he nui. 50% o nā kāne e hele ana i ka wā poperty ma ka makahiki 8 he mau lōʻihi me ka lōʻihi o 1,85 m, a me 50% o nā wahine i 18 mau makahiki he lōʻihi a 2.75 m.
Ua maopopo ʻole ka pili ʻana o nā mea hoʻomohala o nā pate Mako a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā pua kao. ʻO ka mo kūpuna o kēia pūʻulu paha ʻo Isurolamna inflata, i noho nei ma kahi o 65-55 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei a he mau niho liʻiliʻi ʻili me nā lehelehe a me nā niho ʻelua. I kēia ʻohana, aia ka manaʻo e hoʻonui i nā niho i ka wā o ka uluʻana, a me ka serrate a hoʻonui i ka laulā ākea, kahi hōʻailona i kahi neʻe mai ka hana a ka niho i ka hōʻoki a me ka hoʻomake. He hoʻohālikelike i kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole e pau nā mako shark.
Ma 2012, paʻi nā mea noiʻi mai ke University of Florida i kahi wehewehe o nā ʻāʻā a me nā niho o ka fossil shark Carcharodon hubbelliruen. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ma ke ʻano he alua i waena o nā mango mako me nā makaka keʻokeʻo. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau puke i ka makahiki 1988 i ka Pisco Formation ma Peru, ua manaʻo ʻia ko lākou makahiki he 6.5 miliona mau makahiki.
A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i kūkulu ʻia kahi ʻano e hoʻopili a puaʻa i nā hiwa-mako. I waena o nā ʻano 'īlio a me nā heihei o nā pelagic i hoʻāʻo ʻia e mālama ʻia. ʻO ka lōʻihi (5 mau lā) shark o kēia ʻano holoholona i noho ma kahi ʻatikala ma New Jersey. Ma kēia hihia, e like me nā hoʻāʻo ʻana ma mua, komo ka holoholona i ka aku i ka maikaʻi, akā naʻe, hoʻomaka koke e kīwī i luna o nā paia, hōʻole i ka ʻai, wikiwiki hoʻi nā nāwaliwali a make.
He nui wale kona mau hoaaloha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke māka i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe iʻa, i paʻa a me nā pailaka. Kōkua ka poʻe mua i nā mea āpau e wehe i nā ʻano pilalē e hoʻopili ai i nā pūpala a hānai i nā mea huna ʻili. ʻO ka ʻenemi, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā mako iā lākou. Hāpai ke kanaka i ka pale ʻana i kona mau hoahānau nui a me nā iʻa kula. Pēlā, inā hiki i ka dolphin ke lilo i mea pio, a laila e hiki i kā lākou hipa ke hoʻokau aku i kahi kanaka e noho mamao i kahi noho.
ʻAʻole ka alakaʻi hopu ʻia ʻana o kēia iʻa, ke lilo ʻia i kekahi manawa i loko o ka ʻupena, ke alualu nei i ka ʻai. Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻiʻo mako momona. ʻO kēia kapa, e like me nā ʻano hipa āpau, kūpono i ka meaʻai. Akā ʻo kekahi o nā ʻāpana kūloko a me nā peni i mea waiwai pono. ʻO ka momona o kēia mea hoʻoilina.
ʻO ka pōpilikia weliweli loa i komo i ka pehu Mako, kahi kiʻi hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala, hana ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ke kahakai ʻo Australia i ka waenakonu o ka kenekulia 20. ʻEhā nā lawaiʻa ʻoluʻolu i hūnā ma ka moku nui. Ua lele koke mai i kahi pā mako iā lākou. ʻ triedlelo ka poʻe e ʻu e kahakai, akā ua ʻōkahi kekahi i ka ʻaoʻao ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka waʻa a aia nā lawaiʻa i ka wai. Hoʻokahi wale nō ka mea i hiki ke noho maluhia, hoʻopau ʻia ke koena a ʻai ʻia e nā makos.
Ua hana nui ʻo Mako i ka hana a me kēlā me kēia lā o nā ʻohana o Oceania. Ua hele mai ka inoa o kēia poʻe kānaka ʻōlelo i ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe e noho nei ma Aotearoa, ʻo ia hoʻi. I kekahi o nā kikoʻōlelo kūloko, ka'ōlelo "mako" ʻo ia kekahi ʻano hii. Ma nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe o ka Polenekia, he like like ka inoa like - mango, mao, etc. No laila, he paʻakikī paʻakikī ke hoʻomaopopo inā he nīnau no ka mako a i ʻole nā māka.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ʻike ke pili i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. No laila, no ka laʻana, ma kekahi mau mokupuni ʻē aʻe e ʻae ʻia nā ʻālana. Hāʻawi ka lawaiʻa i kekahi ʻāpana o ka hopu i nā māka. Inā ʻaʻole ʻole, e hoʻopaʻi nō ka poʻe kuhi. Ma ka manawa like, ʻoiai he mau kānaka keʻokeʻo paha i loko o ia mau wahi i lilo i mea hōʻike i nā hihia i ka wā e hoʻoulu wale ana nā holoholona ukiuki i nā pōpoki, "lawe" i nā kanaka maoli mai ka papa. ʻO kēia ʻano ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mako.
I ka manawa manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he kumu weliweli loa kēia mau hiu i waena o ka poʻe Polenekia. Ua ʻimi maikaʻi ʻia kekahi mau ʻohana iā lākou. I ka manawa like, hoʻohana nā natives i kekahi manawa kūikawā i hiki ʻole ai ke hōʻino i nā mea nui e pili ana i ke kino o ka mea hoʻohewa mai ko lākou manaʻo.
No laila, ua nānā pono ʻia nā niho mua o ka mako, kahi i hana e hana ai i nā mea nani. No ke kumu o kā lākou mea pio, hopu nā daredevils i nā makika i loko o nā puka kūikawā. Inā ʻoe e hoʻohana ana i ka loiloi kuʻuna me ka maunu, a laila paha paha ke kuʻi wale nā niho koʻikoʻi.
Kāleka
I ka lōʻihi, hiki i kēia iʻa kai lawehala hiki i 3.2 mika, ʻoiai he paona ia 260-280 kg. Akā ʻike pinepine pinepine nā poʻe me ka lōʻihi o 4 mika a me kahi paona he 450-520 kg. He nui nā wili o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Loaʻa ka ulu lāʻau lōʻihi loa i 1973 kokoke i ke kahakai hema o Farani. ʻO ka paona o ka mea wī he 1 Ton, ka lōʻihi - 4.45 mika. ʻAʻohe mea iʻike i ke ola o nā specimens nui.
Lō Mako
ʻO ke kino o ka mako shark he cylindrical. Aia ma luna o ka ʻili ka ʻulaʻula uliuli, he keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. I ka wā o ka makahiki, eʻeleʻele ke kala o nā mango. ʻO ka muzzle he kiko a me ka elongated, ʻo kona wahi haʻahaʻa he keʻokeʻo. Loaʻa nā iʻa ʻōpio i kahi wahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka hope o ka muzzle, kahi e nalowale ana me nā makahiki. Loaʻa nā maka nui. He nui ka nui dorsal o ka huluhulu, he nui ka hope o ka posterior, a he nui ka pectoral fin. He kūlike ka ʻano o ke kālā caudal me kahi crescent e like me ka lalo o lalo a me luna. O kona mau niho poʻomanaʻo i ʻike ʻia i ka wā i paʻa ai ka waha o ka manō.
ʻAno hānau
He iʻa ola ʻo Mako shark. Aia ka Puberty i ke kino lōʻihi o 2.7 mika i nā wahine a me 1,9 mika i nā kāne. ʻO 15 mau lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke hāpai ʻana. ʻO nā meaʻono no nā embryos he unfertilized hua ma loko o ka ʻōpū. Mai ka 4 a me 18 ka pīpī i hānau ʻia, ʻo kona lōʻihi e pili ana i 70 cm.
Kaʻai ʻana a me ka kaʻai ʻana
ʻO ka papa ʻai o ka mea iʻa ka mea nui i ka iʻa nui - mackerel, tuna, me ka iʻa. Hiki i ka pahi kaua ke lōʻihi a hiki i 3 mika a ke kauka a hiki i 600 kg a hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui me ka iho. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻo ia e hakakā ʻo mako, akā aneane hikiʻole ke lanakila iā ia, he ikaika ikaika a ikaika hoʻi.
Hoʻoulu ʻo nā niho o nā poʻo i ko lākou ola a pau, e hoʻonui mau ʻia.
Hoʻomaka ʻo Mako mai lalo a piliʻu kokoke i ka caudal fin, like eia kahi o ka vertebrae hope a me nā kihi nui e kū nei. Ua hōʻeha kēia i ka mea i make, me ka mea ʻole ʻoi loa ke kōkua.
ʻO nā hiu ʻē aʻe a me nā moa kō hiki ke lilo i mea pio. Akā ʻo ka meaʻai nui (ma kahi o 70% o kaʻai) he tuna - ʻo kekahi o ka iʻa wikiwiki loa, ʻo ka wikiwiki hiki ke piʻi i 70 km / h. Akā ka honu ʻo ka palaho Mako me ia hou a hōʻoia hou i kāna 'ikepili wikiwiki loa.
ʻO ka pilina me ke kāne
Mai ka noho ʻana o ka mea nāna i ʻō aku i ke kai ākea, he ʻāʻeha kahi kaua i ka poʻe kokoke i ke kahakai. No nā makahiki he 30 i hala iho nei, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻeha ʻana o nā mea he 8, 8 he mau mea make. Eia nō kekahi laʻe 20 o nā hōʻemi ʻana i nā moku lawaiʻa ua kākau ʻia ʻO kēia nō ka hana ʻana i ka lawaiʻa iā lākou iho, ka poʻe i hoʻāʻo e hopu i ka māka mako a hōʻeha paha iā ia a no laila ua pane kēia. ʻAʻole makemake ke kanaka i kēia iʻa iʻa me kāna ʻano loiloi - he nui nā iwi, a pono ka pika i ka ʻiʻo a me ka momona.
ʻO ka hālāwai ma ke kai ākea me ka poppy he mea pōʻino maʻamau i nā kānaka.
Noho liʻiliʻi ʻo ia i ke pio, a hiki i ka 5 lā, a laila make, no ka mea, ʻai nui ʻo ia a nāwaliwali wikiwiki ʻia. Pono ka iho i ka moana, kahi a me kahi neʻe manuahi, kahi e hōʻike ai ʻoe i ka ikaika a me ka ikaika. Aia ʻo Mako ma ka papa inoa o nā hiʻi migratory. Ke kūpaʻa mau nei ka lehulehu a ʻaʻole i kumu i ka hopohopo ma waena o nā loea.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.