I waena o nā kahelehe o ka wao nahele e noho ana kahi holoholona nani nani - ke kāmela. Aole no ke kumu e kapa ia ai he moku one. Mai ka wā kahiko, ua ʻike ka poʻe i ka kāmela hiki ke neʻe iki i loko o ka pā, kū pū me nā ʻino, a me ke ʻano o nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Ua makemake nui ʻia kēia holoholona i ke kanaka a ua hoʻomau ʻia a hoʻomaka i ke kōkua i ka hale.

He aha nā kāmelo

I kēia lā, aia ʻelua mau holoholona: kahi kāmelo ʻelua ʻelua humped and one-humped one. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi kanaka e noho ana i ka lū a me ka home. ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema no ke kāmela ʻelua-humped ka Bactrian, ka dromedary hoʻokahi-humped. ʻO ka pinepine ke ʻano o kekahi inoa no nā kāmela hoʻokahi-humped - jammel, i unuhi ʻia e like me "kāmela Arab". Ma nā ʻanoʻano, pili lākou i kahi ʻohana kūikawā i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no lākou - Camelids.

Hike mai kahi kāmela a ʻelua kūkaʻe a hoʻokahi humped

He hewa paha ke kuhi ʻana i kahi kāmeka ʻelua Humped e ʻokoʻa i kahi pāngia hoʻokahi wale nō i ka helu o nā humps. Nui kekahi mauʻokoʻa o waho.

ʻO kekahi mea nui, nā kāmelo ʻelua ʻehā, nona kona inoa ʻo Bactrian. He mānoanoa ko lākou kapa, a ua kiʻekiʻe ko lākou kiʻekiʻe i ka 2.7 mika. Kaupaona nā holoholona me nā humps ʻelua a hiki i 800 kilograms. ʻOkoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka laʻa - ma Bactrian he hina-hina.

Eia nō naʻe, he mau hiʻohiʻona like pālua hoʻokahi-humped a me nā lua ʻelua hami, e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ai lākou i loko o kahi pahu kūikawā - ka Molefoot. ʻO ke kuhi ka hana kūikawā o ka wāwae, kahi e ʻae iā lākou e hele pololei ma ke one.

Hoʻohālikelike i nā kāmela a me ko lākou ʻāʻī, e kūlou i lalo.

Hoʻopauʻana i nā kūlana wao koʻikoʻi

I mea e ʻike nui ai i nā kūlana o ka wao nahele, ka ʻāina wela, ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona holoholona. ʻO ka mea nui ma ka wao nahele e hoʻopakele i ka nui o ka nui e hiki ai ke lanakila a hoʻoulu i ka wela. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka overhang kāmele i ka hakakā me ka overheating. Hoʻokahi liʻiliʻi ka lauoho kāhea. ʻO ka hapa paha, ʻo kēia no ka mālama ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i ke kūlohelohe. ʻO kekahi mea pono, he kāmelo ʻelua-ʻōluʻe. ʻO kona kapa kona lōʻihi (hoʻoilo) a i ka lōʻihi lōʻihi (ke kauwela). Akā i kekahi hihia, pohō loa ia. Hoʻokumu kēia i kahi pākē kupaianaha maikaʻi no ke kāmela, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ke ea wela a i ʻole anuanu.

I loko o ka wao nahele, nui ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke ao a me ka pō - no kēia, loaʻa kā nā kāmelo i hoʻokahi waiwai i hoʻokahi mau ʻāpana: kahi laulā o ke ʻano kino o ke kino. Hiki i ka holoholona ke kū i ka mahana mai min 35 35 a 40 degrees Celsius. Inā kahi momi maʻamau i ka mahana o ke kino i ʻohi ʻia i ka manawa o ka mīkini thermoregulation me ka loli iki, a laila kekahi kāmela i kēia mau hana (hana wale) i nā mahana i luna o ke 40 kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole kēia wale e hoʻonāukiuki i ka holoholona, ​​akā e hiki nō iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka makika momona pono.

E kōkua hoʻi nā nostrils kūikawā o nā holoholona i ka ʻole o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā lako wai a mālama iā ia.

Hoʻohana ka hana kūikawā o nā pūpū i kekahi hana koʻikoʻi - kōkua lākou i ke kāmela i ka hanu i ka wā o kahi sandstorm. A e pale nui i nā maka he nui i nā maka o ke one.

Kōkua nā ʻili a me nā puʻuwai e hoʻomau i ka humuhumu. Hoʻopau ka mea mua i ka urine, a ʻo ka mea hope i hana i ka mane dehydrated.

Pehea e hōʻuluʻulu ai nā kāmelo i ka wai? Hiki i nā holoholona ke komo wikiwiki i ka wai phenomenally: ma 10 mau minuke a i 150 lita. Hoʻoulu ka makana ola i loko o ka ʻōpū. Ua wela ʻole nā ​​kāmelo, a make ʻole nā ​​kāmelo a hiki i 5 mau lā, a ʻo ke kāmelo hoʻokahi-kūpaʻa - a hiki i ka 10 inā ʻaʻole lākou e hana i ka hana kino nui. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona kūikawā i nā holoholona e ka ʻoihana kūikawā o nā pona koko ʻulaʻula - he ʻano ʻano oval, kēlā, e mālama hou i ka wai.

Kamela Bactrian

ʻO ka Bactrian kahi elongated poʻo me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi. Mālama nā maka mai ka lepo i nā hulu lōʻihi. Hoʻopili ke kapa hoʻoluʻu a me ke kapa i ke kāmela i ka wē. Akā me ka hiki ʻana mai o ke kauwela - wikiwiki koke ia. Hiki i nā mea kūlohelohe ke kū i nā kahakaha pālahalaha a i ke kiʻekiʻe 70: mai -30 a +40 degere. Hāʻawi kēia i ka mālama i ka wai ʻilihune - no laila, ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻōlū kekahi no ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ke kino a no laila e mālama mau i ke ʻano paʻa. Hiki i Bactrian ke nalo i ka ʻumi o ka wai o ka wai (kokoke i 30 mau keneta o kona paona) i loko o ke ahi ʻO ka hewa naʻe ia akā no ka mea hana, hiki ke inu i ka nui o ka wai i loko o ka manawa pōkole me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi o nā ʻano hana hoʻohālikelike o ka wai-paʻakai.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kāmela ʻelua humped mai nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e ka hiki, me ka puʻu nui, e mālama i ke koko i kahi ka wai wai. Hoʻopakele kēia iā ia mai ka make i ka manawa maloʻo. ʻElua mau puʻu ʻaʻole mālama wai āpau - ʻo ia kahi kahi e waiho ai ka momona. A ʻo ia, ke hoʻohuli nei, ke kau ʻana ka oxidizing i ka nui he nui o H2O, ka mea e ʻoi aku i ka nui o nā momona i hoʻopau ʻia. Ma ke kua o ke poʻo o ka holoholona a he mau mea ʻala maikaʻi. No laila e hoʻopā, i ke kua o ke poʻo o nā mea kanu a me ke one - ʻo ia ka mākaʻikaʻi o ke āina. Bactrian nele i kahi ʻōpū pōpoki.

No ke aha he hielo kamelo?

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻonaʻokoʻa e hiki ai i nā keiki ke hoʻomaopopo iki i ke kāmelo ʻo kāna hump. He mea pupule paha ke manaʻoʻiʻo e loaʻa ka wai i loko. Aʻole. Mālama ʻia ka kiko o Adipose i ka umau - ua paʻa ia i nā mea kanu a ʻai ʻia ka holoholona, ​​inā pono, e like me ka meaʻai a inu paha. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka wai ma o ka mea o ka ʻaki o ka momona.

ʻO ka mea mahalo, ko ke ola o ka holoholona i hoʻoponopono ʻia e kona mau piko. Inā e hoʻopaʻa pono lākou, ua hele nui ke kāmela. Inā ʻaʻole, ua nalowale nā ​​humps sag a pau loa.

Hoʻaiho

Noho ka poʻe Bactrian ma nā wahi ākea. I ka hoʻoilo, noho lākou ma ke kahawai, a i ke kauwela hele i loko o nā papa i lalo a me nā wao. Hiki ke loaʻa nā kāmelo ʻelua humped i ka'āina ma waena o Asia Minor a me Manchuria. Ua hōʻea ka palena ʻākau i Lake Baikal a me Omsk. Ua māhele ʻia nā poʻe āpau i nā pūʻulu ʻekolu. Ua hui pū ʻia ka hui mua e noho ma ka wao nahele Takla-Makan, ka lua ma Kina - ʻo ka nui ʻo Lob-Nor Lowland, a me ke kolu o ka hui - ma ka wao Gobi i ka ʻāpana ʻo Mongoli.

ʻO Habitat o nā kāmelo he ʻelua a hala a hoʻokahi

Ma mua, ua noho kekahi mau kāmela ʻāwāwā ʻīleʻa i loko o ʻAsia, i kēia manawa hiki ke loaʻa wale i ka wao Gobi. Loaʻa ka Domesticated Bactrian i nā ʻāina he nui o ʻAsia, e like me China, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, Mongolia, Kalmykia, a me Kazakhstan. Mai ka makahiki 19, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kāmele ʻelua humped a hiki i Siberia. Hoʻomaopopo i nā kūlana climatic paʻakikī, kūpono ia no ka halihali i nā huahana.

ʻO ka Penia ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika - kahi i noho ai nā kāmelo hoʻokahi. I ka ulu lāʻau, loaʻa ʻole nā ​​dromedaries. ʻAʻohe o lākou o ke kapa hulu me he bactrans, no laila ke makemake lākou i ke mahana mahana. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma Pakistan a i ʻole India, ʻo nā kāmelo hoʻokahi-puʻe i hōʻea i Turkmenistan. Makemake nō hoʻi ʻo Australia i nā dromedaries - ua lawe ʻia lākou iā lākou ma kahi o hoʻokahi tausani mau makahiki i hala.

Pūkohu, ke ʻano a me ka hoʻonaʻauao

ʻO kā nā kāmelo Bactrian i hoʻoikaika nui i ka lā, ʻoiai lākou e hāʻawi i ka manaʻo o nā holoholona mālie. Mālama ʻia i nā pūʻulu o nā holoholona 15. ʻO ka hui maoli kēia he ʻohana - he kāne, nui nā wahine a me kā lākou keiki. Hoʻohana wale kekahi poʻe i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa hoʻokahi. ʻO nā mea kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i ʻai a ʻai i nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole. ʻAʻole e like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, hiki iā lākou ke inu i ka wai kūpaʻa a me ka wai paʻakai. Hoʻopili i kahi ʻōpū o ka nui o ka ʻōpū ma ke kaʻina hana a kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai i loaʻa i ke kāmela i ka wā eʻai ai.

Kāhea kāmela

ʻO kahi kahi e noho ai nā kāmelo ʻelua humped (a me kahi kāmele ʻokē hoʻokahi) he wao a he semi-wao hoʻi me ka nāʻu lāʻau haʻahaʻa. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i ke ʻano maʻamau o ka noho ʻana, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hele ma waena o ka lōʻihi i hōʻea ʻia, no ka mea, he ākea ka nui o kā lākou pākana. "He hahele nui '- eia kēia e unuhi ai" kāmela "mai ka ʻōlelo kahiko a ka Slavonic.

I ke ahiahi, i ka wela wela, moe ka holoholona, ​​moe. I ke ahiahi a i ke kakahiaka makemake lākou i ka ʻai. ʻO ka wikiwiki maʻamau o ke kāmela he 10 km / h. Inā makaʻu ka holoholona, ​​hiki iā ia ke piʻi i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 30 km / h. He mea kūpono ke hoʻomaopopo ke hiki ke hiki ke kāmelo i hiki ke ʻike i ka pōʻino ma kahi mamao.

Noho lākou i nā ʻohana. Loaʻa ka helu helu 10 i kahi kanaka. I ke poʻo o ka ʻohana, he kāne, he mau wahine a me nā keiki bipi e hoʻolohe iā ia. Aia nā kāne e alakaʻi nei i kahi noho kaʻawale. ʻO nā kāmelo nā holoholona a mālie. ʻAʻole lākou e lilo i ka ikehu i nā pāʻani a me nā hakakā.

He mea kūpono ia e ʻike ana he mau kāmela nani.

Loaʻa ka ola ola o ka holoholona i 40-50 mau makahiki. Holo ka wā pā i ka hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo. Eia kekahi, ke ʻano nui nei nā kāne i kēia manawa: hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i nā kāmela home, alakaʻi a pepehi paha i nā wahine. Ua hānau ʻia kahi pēpē ma waena o hoʻokahi makahiki me ka liʻiliʻi. Kokoke koke, kū aʻela ke kāmelo i kona mau wāwae.

ʻAʻohe o ka ʻenemi nona nā kāmela makua, akā ua hoʻopilikia ʻia nā kāmelo e nā ʻīlio.

Kaulana ʻia nā holoholona no ka mālama ʻana i kahi hihia. He mea kūpono hoʻi ke kiʻi pinepine ʻana i nā kāmelo ʻelua i hala i kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā kānaka iā ia. Aia wale nō, ma muli o ka holoholona, ​​pio mai ka mōʻī mai iā ia. Ke mālama ʻo kā kāmelo iā ia iho, pana pū, hoʻokuʻi a hiki ke hoʻokuʻi me kona mau wāwae mua.

Nā meaʻai kāmela

ʻO ka ʻawaʻawa, paʻakikī, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka mea e ʻai hoʻokahi a humped a ʻelua ʻūlī. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka inoa o ka nahele no ia iho: "Kāne hāmama." Kuhi manu ʻole nā ​​holoholona i ke koho ʻana i nā meaʻai. Ke hoʻoneʻe nei i nā lehelehe bifurcated e ʻae i ke kāmela i ka liʻiliʻi e like me ka mea hiki, no laila, ʻaʻole nā ​​mea kanu nāʻaila ke ʻala ʻole iā ia.

ʻAʻole i hele aʻe nā kāmela ma kēlā me kēia kumu wai: inu nui lākou i ka ʻoliʻoli a me ka ʻoliʻoli nui.

28.10.2017

ʻO kāmela Bactrian (lat. Camelus bactrianus) kahi makua nui i pili no ka ʻohana Camelids (Camelidae). I kēia manawa, ua noho ʻia ia i 2500 mau makahiki i hala ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Iran a i ʻole hema o Turkmenistan, me ka mea o ka domestication o nā kāmele hoʻokahi.

Kui ka holoholona i ka mea nui i Bactria, aia ma ka wā i waena o ka waena o ka waiʻo Amu Darya ma kahi o kēia manawa ʻo Afghanistan, Uzbekistan a me Tajikistan. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e lawe i nā huahana a lilo i kaulana ʻo Bactrian.

ʻO nā kāmele a me nā kāʻei

Eia naʻe, i ka mea hihiu, ʻike ʻia nā kāmelo a liʻiliʻi i ka liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā holoholona humped he nui i loko o ke kai kūlohelohe i nā manawa āpau, a ʻo ka nui o nā holoholona ʻelua humped ka 1000 wale nō e noho ana i nā kiʻina kūikawā. Ua kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka inoa o nā kāmelo ʻelua i ʻōhule i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka Red Red - he Bactrian.

ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻenemi i waena o ka poʻe i ka wao nahele, pilikia ke kāmelo no ka hana o ke kanaka. Ma ka ʻaoʻao aʻe, hopu ʻia nā holoholona no ka domestication a me ka haming, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua luku ʻia kā lākou mau noho.

ʻO nā kāmela hale kūloko, nā holoholona haʻaheo me ka mahalo iā lākou iho. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻae i ka hōʻino a me ka haʻalele ʻole. ʻAʻole nō hoʻi e kū ke kā Kamelo i ke noi a ka mea nona, ke ʻole ʻo ia e hoʻoholo nona iho ka hoʻomaha. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ke kāmela iā ia iho e kiʻi ʻia e ka mea o waho. Pono kekahi kanaka e hana i kēia a aia wale nō i mua o ke kamela. ʻOiai ke kamaʻilio paʻakikī ʻana i ka poʻe, he mau holoholona ʻoi loa nā kāmelo, no laila lākou i hoʻopili i kahi luna maikaʻi, hiki i ka aʻo a me ke aʻo.

Kālā

I kēia manawa, ua helu ʻia ka helu holoholona o ka home Bactrian ma kahi o 2 miliona mau kānaka. Ua hoʻolaha nui lākou ma nā ʻāina waena o Āpelika a me Central Asia, Mongolia, Kina a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o Rusia.

Ma kahi o nā kāmelo domesticated ʻelua-humped, nā bactrian wild (Camelus ferus) i mālama ʻia i nā mea liʻiliʻi.

I nā hale kūlohelohe, ua ʻike mua ʻia lākou a wehewehe ʻia e ka mea hele a me ka mea kūlohelohe Nikolai Przhevalsky i ka makahiki 1878.

Noho ʻo Kamelus ferus ma nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o 6 a 20 paha i kahi kanaka ma nā wao nahele o Gobi (Mongolia) a me Takla-Makan ma Kina komohana. ʻO ka nui o nā kānaka ka nui ma laila, he ʻoi aku ma kahi o 600 mau kānaka.

I ka mokuʻāina Kina o Gansu, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Lop Nur Wild Camel National Park i ka 2000 e mālama i kēia mau holoholona līlī. ʻOiai ke kūpono o nā hana a pau, me ka ka mana o ka manawa o ka make a me ka momona, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā ʻano ʻano i loko o 20 mau makahiki e ka 20-17%.

ʻO Bactrian

ʻO nā kāmela Bactrian, i ʻike ʻia e ka inoa ʻo Bactrian, kekahi o nā ʻano ʻelua o nā ʻōiwi ʻano "kamela kūpono". Ma ka ʻoi aʻe o ka nui nui a me ka hele ʻana o kahi lua, ʻo ka Bactrian, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ko lākou mau hoahānau ua hūlū hoʻokahi, aia nō hoʻi kahi kapa mānoanoa.

Hele mai ʻo Bactrian mai ka ʻāina ʻUlopa a me Asia Hikina, no laila ua hana ʻoanʻi ʻo ia iā ia i ke ola i nā kūlana o ke kauwela wela wela a me ka hau anu ka hau a (me ke hau. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka anatomy a me ka physiology ke hāʻawi i ka Bactrian ʻelua-humped no kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi ʻole ka wai i ka mahana wela, aʻo ka ʻoluʻolu me ka meaʻai haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa. Maikaʻi, hiki i ka hulu huluhulu ke hoʻomanawanui i ka pilikia ʻoihana me ka ʻole o ka pilikia. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki i ka Bactrian ke hoʻomanawanui i ka lepo, no laila, loaʻa wale ia i nā wahi kuahiwi.

ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā kāmelo ʻelua humped e noho nei ma kahi o 4 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a mai ia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia he holoholona koʻikoʻi nui ia ma kēlā mau wahi o ʻAmelika Huipū kahi e hoʻomohala ai ka pae ʻāina. ʻO ka hapa ka honua o kēia mau holoholona i liʻiliʻi loa he 2 miliona. ʻO ka manaʻo nui o nā kāmela i ka wā mua ma mua o nā hana i hāpai ʻia i ka ulu ʻana o nā hua kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o ka bactrian. I ka mahiʻai, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i mau ʻāpana a me ka laʻana o ka holoholona, ​​kūleʻa nui loa i ka lio. Wahi a Wikipedia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Bactrian no ka hana koa. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kāmelo kēia mea hānai i ka waiū, nā ai a me ka huluhulu. I kēia lā, ua hoʻohana ikaika ʻo Bactrian no nā pahuhopu hoʻāla - i loko o nā pōpō a me nā zoos.

He mea kupaianaha nō nā kime ʻelua humped a hiki i kēia lā ke hōʻike ʻia nei e kekahi mau lehulehu ʻōiwi, ʻoiai he liʻiliʻi loa kā lākou mau pipi. Noho nā poʻe liʻiliʻi ma kēia mau wahi i hiki ʻole ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia e Kina a me Mongolia.

ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻo "Bactrian", e kapa pinepine ʻia nei nā kāmele bactrian, hele mai ia ma ka inoa o ke kūlana kahiko o Bactria a i Bactrian, aia ma nā wahi kokoke i nā Afghanistan o kēia wa (ʻo ka ʻaoʻao nui), Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, China a me Pakistan. A ʻoiai kā nā kāmela ma ia manawa ʻaʻole i noho wale ma kēia ʻāina, akā ma ka hapa ma ʻAsia o Central, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa i ka Bactrian e nā Roma kahiko, nona nā mea āpau ma ka hikina o Peresia. Ua kapa inoa ʻia nā kāmelo ʻelua a ʻelua no nā wahi ʻokoʻa loa a kahi i lulu ʻia ai.

He pono i ka poʻe

Ua hoʻomaka ke kanaka hoʻomaka i ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana o nā kāmelo ma kahi lōʻihi aku, e like me 5 tausani makahiki i hala. Ma kahi o nā kōkua kino i ka lawe ʻana i nā huahana, nā holoholona he waiwai nui, ka momona pono ka momona, ka hulu wela. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia kekahi iwi kāmela e hana i nā mea hulu Bedouin a me nā mea pono hale. No ke kumu maikaʻi ua paʻa ka holoholona i ka mahalo ʻia e ka poʻe nāna lākou i hānai.

Hoʻohana ka poʻe nui o nā ʻāina mākaʻikaʻi mau kāmele e hoʻokipa i nā malihini.

Inā ʻaʻole i komo kēia mau holoholona paʻakikī, ʻaʻole e tupu ka kālepa ʻana ma mua, a he hopena, ʻaʻole e pōmaikaʻi nā ʻōnaehana ikaika. ʻAʻole ʻike nā kānaka me ka ʻenekery oriental a me nā siliki China. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kāmela i nā kaua. Ma ke ala, aia ke kākela noho kāmela ma India.

Ua hoʻokani wale ʻo Kamela i kāna hana i ke kūkulu ʻana o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Me ke kōkua o kēia mau holoholona ua halihali ʻia nā huahana.Me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā huina alanui, nā kāmelo, me ka mea ʻole o ka lua, e lūlū ʻia i ka wahi kūlohelohe o nā wao nahele, kahi i luku ʻia ai e ka poʻe mahiai kūloko. No laila, ma ʻAmelika ʻaʻohe holoholona he nui.

ʻAmedlelo ʻia

ʻO ke kāmela hoʻokahi-inoa pū kekahi, ʻo ia hoʻi i ʻike ʻia ma lalo o nā inoa Dromedar (Dromedade) a me ka ʻĀiwi, ʻo ia ka lua o nā ʻōhua o nā kāmela kūpono. Hele mai nā Dromedars mai ka wao nahele a me nā ʻāina semi-wao o ʻApelika Hikina a me ka Hikina Hikina, ma kahi he nui o nā holoholona o kēia mau holoholona i noho i ka wā ma mua. Eia naʻe, i kēia lā ʻaʻole i pakahi nā iwi hihiu hoʻokahi.

ʻO ka kaikaina o hoʻokahi ka huke Bactrian kahi liʻiliʻi i ka nui, hoʻokahi wale nō hump a me nā kapaʻili ʻilihune. E like me ko lākou mau hoahānau pili ʻAmelika Huipūlani, ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia nā kākele me kahi pōkole i ke anuanu. Maʻalahi lākou e hoʻokele me ka wai no nā hebedoma he nui, e ʻai ana i nā mea kanu ulu. Akā maikaʻi ka Dromedars me ka anu. ʻAʻole i hiki i kahi ʻahu nāwaliwali iā lākou e noho mau i ka hau aniani no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Ka mea i haku ʻia, ka poʻe dromedars i hoʻomau ʻia ma ka puke kūloko Arab ma kahi o hoʻokahi tausani mau makahiki ma mua o ka Bactrian ma Central Asia. I ka mōʻaukala, ʻo ke kāmelo nā kāmelo i hoʻohiki mua ʻia ma nā wahi o ko lākou ʻano kūlohelohe, akā no ka manawa, ʻo ka pōmaikaʻi o kēia mau holoholona, ​​mahalo ʻia hoʻi i nā wahi e pili ana i India a i ka hikina a me Turkestan ma ka ʻākau. E like me Bactrian, ʻo Dromedars ʻaʻole wale ke kumu o ka ʻiʻo a me ka waiū, akā ka pepa nui loa a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā holoholona. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻohana ʻo nā kāmeka i hala i nā hana kaua ma mua o ko lākou mau hoahānau ʻelua. Mahalo i kēia, ua kaulana maoli lākou, a me nā poʻe ʻEulopa, ka mea pinepine i ka kaua me nā Aliʻi.

ʻAe, hāʻawi nā Helene kahiko i ka inoa ʻo Dromedar i nā kāmeka hoʻokahi humped. ʻO ka unuhi ʻana, ʻo ia ka "holo", no ka mea pinepine ka poʻe Helene me ka ʻāmela kamela o ko Peres a me nā ʻArapi. Ma ke ala, hiki i kēia mau lā nā dromemedars e hoʻohana ikaika i ka holo lio, ka mea ʻae ʻole i ko lākou inoa Helene.

ʻO Dromedar a me Bactrian - he aha kaʻokoʻa

No laila, ua ʻike mākou he ʻelua ʻoima ʻo Bactrian a me Dromedar, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokahi a me ʻelua mau kālua ʻeleka hūnē, ʻelua. E nānā kākou i kahi mea ʻē aʻe kekahi mai kekahi.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna aʻe o ka nui o ka nui o ka Bactrian: ʻo kā lākou ulu ʻana ma kahi o ʻelua mau mika i ka mauʻu (i kekahi manawa a hiki i 2,3 m), a ua kiʻekiʻe ka kiʻekiʻe o nā puahi he 2.7 mika me ke kaupaona kino o ke kino ʻoi aku ma kahi o 600 kg. I ka manawa like, ulu nā dromedaries ma ka awelika 20 cm i lalo me kahi ākea o 500 kg. ʻAʻole hiki ke hāʻawi pono i ka ʻikepili pololei, ʻoiai ma nā ʻano ʻelua i loaʻa nā moemoeā intraspecific, pinepine ʻokoʻa i ka ʻokoʻa.

Ma kahi o ka nui o nā peʻe a me ka hoʻoneʻe o ka lauoho, nā kāmelo o nā mea ʻelua ʻelua ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe. A ʻo kēlā a me kēiaʻokoʻa i waena o Dromedar a me Bactrian. ʻO ka pilikino a me ka anatomy o loko o nā ʻano ʻelua he mea like like, kahi mea e hōʻoia hou ai i ko lākou pilina pili ʻana. Wahi a ka ʻānela i ʻae ʻia i ʻōlelo maʻamau, he kāmela ka progenitor o nā Bactrian hou a me Dromedars, kahi mea i kū mai ma ka ʻaoʻao o ʻAmelika Hema. He mau haneli haneli mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ma ke ala o ka ʻāina i noho ai ma laila, a hiki ma Eurasia, kahi i hoʻohele ʻia ai i nā ʻano ʻelua i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā. Akā, manaʻo kekahi o nā mea ʻepekema i hana ʻia kēia kaawale ʻana ma ʻAmelika.

Ma kēia hihia, ʻike maoli ana nā ʻano mua, ʻelua maoli ka humped, ʻoiai ua loaʻa nā huaʻomela o nā dromedars hou i ʻelua mau pu, a aia wale nō me ke kūkulu ʻana o ka pūpū e nalowale ana ka lua o ka hump. ʻO kēia meaʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ke ala, i hiki ai i kekahi poʻe loea e waiho i ka ʻānō i hele mai ka Bactrian o kēia wā i Eurasia mai ʻAmelika, a ʻo ka dromedar "buddy" mai ia ia i kahi.

E ʻike ʻia, ʻo ka pilina pili o nā ʻano ʻelua, i ʻike ʻia e ka hiki ke hūnā i nā hua kanu ulu aloha a maikaʻi hoʻi. Hōʻike ʻia nā Hybrids e nā mau subtypes:

1. Nar ʻO ka hanauna mua mai kahi wahine Bactrian a me kahi kāne Dromedar. ʻO ka nui a me ka hoʻomanawanui, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huaʻai a Nar Bactrian a me Dromedar.
2. Ilomo. ʻO Hybrid o ka hanauna mua mai ka dromedar wahine a he Bactrian kāne. I nā pilids, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻoilina waena o nā hiʻohiʻona makua.
3. Jarbay. ʻO ka māido o ka lua o ka hanauna, i loaʻa e ka hana hou o ka hanauna mua "i loko ona." Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hua nui o nā hana genetic e pili ana i kēlā mau hōʻili, a aneane ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohele.
4. ʻPikopa Loaʻa nā Hybrids ma ke ala ʻana i nā pōpoki wahine me Bactrian kāne purebred. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ko lākou nui a me nā hoʻonui waiū nui.
5. Kez-Nar. Loaʻa nā Hybrids ma ke ala ʻana i nā wahine o Cospack me nā dromedaries.
6. Kurt. Loaʻa nā Hybrids ma ka hele ʻana i nā wahine iner me nā kāne dromedar
7. Kurt-Nar. Loaʻa nā Hybrids ma ke ala ʻana i ka wahine ʻo Kurt me ke kāne Bactrian.

ʻO ka māliko o ka hanauna mua o Bactrian a me Dromedar e like me ka helehelena me ka Dromedars: he hoʻokahi puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa ma ko lākou kua, i ka mea i ʻike ʻia ai i ka kikoʻī, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia i ʻelua mau puʻu i hui pū ʻia. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, he mau holoholona ikaika a paʻakikī loa, e hoʻohui pū i nā pono o nā pili makua.

He ʻauhau

ʻO Lūkia inoa - ʻelua kāmela nāelekē ʻelua
ʻLelo Latin - Kamelē bactrianus
Pelekane Pelekane - Kamela bactrian kamela
Palapala - artiodactyls (Artiodactyla)
Kiʻi ʻona - Callopods (Tylopoda)
‘Oe - Kamelī (Kamelikea)
Genus - Kamela (Kameleka)

Aia kekahi kāmelo a ʻōhule a ʻelua home. He kāmela hihiu ma Mongolia, i loko o kona ʻāina, ua kapa ʻia ʻo haptagai, ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ma kahi ʻāpana o mua - Bactrian (ʻo ka ʻōlelo ka huaʻōlelo mai kekahi inoa kahiko ma Central Asia, Bactria).

Pūnaewele mālama mālama

ʻO nā kāmeka ʻōhua ʻelua i ahaleka he holoholona maʻamau ma nā moku o Central Asia, Mongolia a me China. Ma Lusia, ka nui loa o nā kāmela i loaʻa ma Buryatia a me Kalmykia. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona holoholona honua 2 miliona mau poʻo.

ʻO kahi kāmele manu ʻekeʻawa he holoholona liʻiliʻi loa ia, i hōʻike ʻia i ka papa inoa IUCN Red List, i loko o ka papa inoa o CR - he ʻano pōpilikia hūnā ʻia ka hala. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau holoholona i liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā haneli. Wahi a kekahi mau lono, ʻo ka kāmele mohala ma nā ʻōlelo he loko i ka wahi ʻewalu ma waena o nā mamalia e pili ana i ka hope o ka pau.

Nānā a me ke kāne

ʻO kahi kāmela ʻelua mau ʻāpana ʻahuʻā (Bactrian) i ka nui o nā holoholona i nui i nā wahi o ʻAsia. ʻO ka mea mua, he kaʻa hilinaʻi ma ka wao nahele. Hoʻohana ka poʻe i ka waiū, ka ʻiʻo, a me ka ʻili, a me nā hulu kāmela, kahi a lākou i hana ai i nā pānaʻi like ʻole. Nui ka waiwai o ka manure o kēia holoholona: lawelawe ʻo ia me kahi wahie maikaʻi loa.

Kahi ʻia nā kāmelo ma ka wā kahiko. ʻO ka ʻikepili mua loa e pili ana i ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka lā Bactrian i hoʻi mai ai i ka makahiki o ka makahiki. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kahi moku me ka manure o nā kāmela a ʻelua humped a me nā koena o ka huluhulu kamela, i hana ʻia i ka wā kāohi ʻia o nā hale noho kahiko ma Iran hikina, ua hoʻi mai i 2500. ʻO kekahi kiʻi kahiko o kahi kāmela hale i alakaʻi ʻia e nā kānaka ma lalo o ke kāʻei i ka makahiki 9 a ua kālai ʻia ʻo ia ma ka ʻĀnika Blackelel kaulana ʻo Salemanasar III III. a eia nō wau ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Beritania. ʻIke ʻia kekahi kiʻi ʻē aʻe ma nā wahi i hemo o ka hale o Apadan o ka hale aliʻi o nā aliʻi Peresia ma Persepolis, na V

Ua mālama ʻia ʻo ke kāmelo ʻelua i hala i ka nahele a ua wehewehe mua ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he ʻano he species i ka makahiki 1878 e ka mea kaulana kaulana o Rūsia ma Mongolia. I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomau nei ka lehulehu o ka "mea ola" ma muli o ka poaching a me ka hoʻokūkū me nā holoholona.

He ʻokoʻa nā kāmela ʻĀloko ma mua o ka holoholona hihiu, nāna i hāʻawi i kekahi manawa i kekahi mau ʻepekema e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i nā ʻano he ʻokoʻa, a i ʻole nā ​​subspecies. ʻO ka nīnau o ke kumu kumu o ke Bactrian mai nā kāmela hihiu olakino e wehe mau ana.

Nānāua a me ka morphology

ʻO ke ʻano o ke kāmela a me nā ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻelua, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae ʻia i kahi e hoʻopiha ʻia me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. He holoholona nui ka nui o Bactrian - ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mauʻu ma mua o ka 2 mau mika a hiki i ka 2,3 mika, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino me nā ʻōpū he 2.7 m. Ma ke kaupaona ʻo ka pākeke e pili ana i 500 kg ka awelika, akā maʻamau ka nui - i 800 a hiki paha i 1000 kg . ^ E Ha yM. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine: 320-450 kg, ma nā hihia liʻiliʻi a hiki i 800 kg.

ʻO ke kino palaka i nā wāwae lōʻihi, a me nā wāwae ʻānela e like me ke kūʻē ʻana i ke kumuhana ākea o ke kino, ka ʻāʻī ʻūlū lōʻihi, ke poʻo nui me nā maka e hōʻike ana, he mau ʻāpana ʻāpana o nā maka a he ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā ʻōpū he kāmela. Ma nā kāmelo maikaʻi maikaʻi loa, ʻano nui ka humps, ʻo kā lākou ʻano no kēlā me kēia holoholona, ​​i kahi kāmela manawaleʻa, hāʻule nā ​​humps a hāʻule paha kekahi i kēlā ʻaoʻao, akā, e ala hou i ka wā e ʻai nui ka holoholona. ʻO ka inoa o ka suborder - callosipe - hoʻoholo ʻia e ke ʻano o ka wāwae i hoʻopau i kahi wāwae bifurcated, e kau ana ma luna o kahi ulukāla, kahi ākea loa ma Bactrian, e ʻae ana i ka holoholona e hele ma luna o ka ʻāina. Ma ke alo o ka wāwae ka mea like o kahi pua, a i ʻole nāʻuʻu liʻiliʻi. Ua pōkole ke kaikuʻu, me ka tassel o ka lauoho lōʻihi ma ka hope. ʻAʻohe mea leʻaleʻa nā lehelehe o nā kāmelo - ʻoi loa lākou, aʻo ka ʻiʻo hoʻi, paakiki, hoʻolaʻa ʻia e kāʻili i nā mea kanu a maikaʻi loa. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lehelehe luna o nā kāmela a pau. ʻO ka pepeiao a puni a me ka liʻiliʻi, aneane ʻike ʻole ia mai kahi lōʻihi aku. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo aia nā ʻōkolu pili, aʻo ka mea i hoʻomohala ʻia i ke kāne, ka ʻehā a me ka hiona ʻulaʻula e hoʻohana ʻia e mākaʻikaʻi i ka ʻāina.

ʻO ka kala o ke kāmela ma kahi aniani, mai kahi keʻokeʻo a hiki i. ʻO ke kaʻo ke koʻokoʻo a lōʻihi loa (ma kahi o 7 cm ke kino, a hiki i 30 cm a keu paha ma lalo o ka ʻāʻī a ma nā poʻo o nā humps). Hoʻohālike ʻia ke ʻano o ka hulu o ke Bactrian i ka poʻe o ka ʻĀkau - ʻo ke kao poli a me ka reindeer: nā lauoho o ke koena, e like me ka tubes, he ana i loko. Me ka undercoat mākohu, ua hāʻawi kēia i ka conductmal thermal haʻahaʻa o ka pāpale kamela. ʻO ka molting o nā kāmelo he mea maoli nō hoʻi - e hoʻomaka ana me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā lā mahana a wikiwiki loa. Holo ka huluhulu kahiko, waiho maila i ke kino i nā ʻāpana nui, a i ʻole a me nā ʻāpana, a ʻaʻole hoʻi o ka mea hou i ka manawa e ulu ai i kēia manawa, no laila, ma ka hopena o Mei - Iune, ʻo kā kāmelo i loko o ka zoo a aneane "ʻākeʻaka". Eia nō naʻe, hala nā mau hebedoma 2-3, a ua uhi ʻia ka nani o nā ʻāpana he ʻelua a ua uhi ʻia ʻo ia i nā pālahalaha paleka nui, a ʻo ia ka mea nui loa ma ka hoʻoilo.

ʻO nā kāmela kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona morphological a me ka physiological e hiki ai iā lākou ke ola i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi loa. Hoʻokele kahi kāmelo i ka dehydration i mea momona i nā holoholona āpau. Hiki i kēia holoholona ke ola me ka hemo a hiki i ka 40% o ka wai o ke kino (make nā holoholona ʻē aʻe inā 20% o ka wai i nalowale. Hiki i nā keiki o ke kāmelo ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi nui o ka wai mai ka kaomi a hoʻihoʻi i ke kino, no laila, nui ka pīpī i ka urine. I nā kamela ʻulaʻula (nā selela ʻulaʻula) nā kāmelo he ʻano oval (ua puni lākou i nā mammals a pau), no laila, mālama ke koko i ka kaʻe maʻamau a hiki i ka ʻekikeke ikaika, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻoka lawena ʻulaʻula oʻulaʻu e hele ma waena o nā capillaries. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka kamera erythrocytes ke hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i ka wai, ʻoiai e hoʻonui ana i ka nui a hiki i ka 2 mau manawa. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka manure Bactrian ma mua o ka hana ʻana i ka pipi - ua piha ka 6-7 mau manawa i ka wai a ua hui pū ʻia me nā hāwili, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lau o nā mea kanu (bactrian manure paʻa i loko o ke ʻano o kahi hōʻaiohui he 4 × 2 × 2 cm ka nui). Me ka maloʻo nui, ʻike nui ke kāmela i ka paona, akā, ka loaʻa ʻana i ka wai, hoʻihoʻi i kona ʻano maʻamau i mua o ko mākou mau maka.

Hoʻololi i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻolālā waho e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i ka mālama ʻana o ka wai ma ke kino. Hoʻemi iki ʻia ka wai hoʻoneʻe ʻia no ka mea ua paʻa mau ke kāmelo i kāna mau nostrils e paʻa mau ana, e wehe wale ana i ka manawa wale nō. Loaʻa i ka hiki ke kāmela i ka thermoregulate. ʻAʻole e like me nā mommals ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaka wale ke kāmelo i ka wā inā hiki ke hōʻohu kona kino kino i ka +41 ° C, a ʻo ke piʻi hou ʻana aʻe. I ka pō, hiki i ka mahana o ke kino o nā kāmela ke hāʻule i +34 ° C.

ʻO ka momona i loaʻa i ka humps ʻaʻole i wāwahi i ka wai, e like me ka mea i manaʻoʻiʻo no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā hoʻokani ʻo ia i kahi haʻawina o kahi meaʻai no ke kino. Lawelawe pū kekahi i ke kāmela, hōʻiliʻili maoli i ke kua, ʻo ke alo o ke alo o ka lā. Inā hoʻoili ʻia ka momona i ka kino o ke kino, e pili ai i ka hoʻoilo ʻia o ka wela mai ke kino. Hiki i nā ʻōlau ʻelua ke ana i ka 150 kg o ka momona.

Vicuna

ʻO nā kāmela nā huaʻumi o nā mammals o nā kāmela ʻohana (Camelidae) o ka suborder o nā callopods (Camelidae) o nā kauoha o nā artiodactyls (Artiodactyla). Hoʻopili maikaʻi loa kēia mau holoholona nui i ke ola i nā wahi neoneo, nā semi-deserto a me nā anuʻu. Noho nui nā kakanina o nā wahi māla o ka honua a kāhea ʻia iā lākou "he moku waʻa".

Hoʻolauna a me nā Hoʻohui ʻĀina

ʻO kahi kāmela Bactrian kahi holoholona i hoʻoikaika i ke ao. I ka pō, e moe ana a i ʻole ia a ikaika ʻole i ka māiʻoki ʻoki. I ka wā hurricanes, hiki i nā kāmelo ke moe mau no kekahi mau lā. I ka manawa pōkole, hoʻāʻo lākou e pale i nā lāʻau a i ʻole nāhelehele paha, hele lākou i ka leʻa ma ka wela wela, ke kāʻei ʻana i kā lākou huelo, e kūʻē ana i ka makani me ka hāmama waha, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ko lākou kino kino.

E like me ka hoʻolālā kaiāulu, aia ma lalo o ke kaona o nā kāmeʻa ʻelua humped ma lalo o ke kaohi o kahi kanaka e hoʻoholo piha i ko lākou ola. Inā holo kolohe ke kāmelo, hoʻihoʻi lākou i ka ʻano pilikino i ko lākou ʻano kūpuna. Mālama nā kamelo ʻelua mau ʻekikeke i loko o nā pipi liʻiliʻi o nā poʻo 5-20 (i kekahi manawa a hiki i 30), ka mea nui i ka wahine a me nā ʻōpio, he aliʻi mana nui ke alakaʻi. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā kāne pākēmika i ka hīmeni ʻana. ʻO nā ʻohana kāmela paha kekahi mau kāne ʻōpio a ʻo nā kāne ʻōpio, akā aia wale nō ma waho o ka manawa hānai.

ʻO keʻano

Aia ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kāmelo ʻelua mau kahe kahe a 2 m, ʻoi aku hoʻi me nā puʻe a hiki i ka 2.7 m.ʻO ka puʻupuʻu ma waena o nā hiʻi ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1,7 m, no ia mea he paʻakikī ke piʻi ʻana i kahi kāmela kū kaila a he mea pono no ia e kukuli a moe ʻole paha. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā hihaka he 30 cm. ʻO ka nui o kahi kāne makua i hiki ke 500 kg a keu aku. Kaumaha nā paʻahana wahine, mai 320 a 450 kg. Kūleʻa kekahi kāmela ʻōpio a 7 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā kāmelo ʻelua mau ʻāpana me ke kino palalike, he ʻōpū mānoʻowai ʻia, nā wāwae lōʻihi me ka wāwae wāwae, ka mea e kau ana ma luna o kahi uluna. Pau nā hooves. Ua lōʻihi ka ʻāʻī o ke ʻāʻī, i ka manawa mua e kū ma lalo a laila e piʻi ʻo U-ʻano. ʻO ka hiʻu pōkole loa, a hiki i ka 0.5 m loa ka lōʻihi, me kahi kaula ma nā kihi. ʻO nā pāpale ka mānoanoa a paleʻole; ma lalo o ka'āho e hoʻomanawanui loa. ʻO nā lā lōʻihi, ulu ka lauoho lōʻihi ma luna o nā puʻu, ma ke poʻo a me ka nape. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kāmele ʻelua me kahi kala i ke kala ʻulaʻula ma nā kāʻei like ʻole. I waena o nā holoholona ʻaiʻehā, ʻulaʻula, hina, ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo, a me nā kāmelo kirima ke maʻamau. ʻO nā wāwae lōʻihi a me nā mānoanoa hohonu, nā lehelehe kikokiko e helehelena i kahi kāmelo ʻelua-ʻelua. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pepeiao, liʻiliʻi. Ma ke kāmela maikaʻi, ua ʻo nā humps, kū pololei lākou. Ma ke kua o ke poʻo i nā aniani poli e hoʻopuni ai i kahi mea ʻala uliuli ākea a maikaʻi ʻole no ka hōʻailona ʻana i ka ʻāina.

ʻO ka leo ʻana o nā kāmelo ʻelua hokeʻe e like me ka hoki a ka hoki hānau. Kamelo i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā pa pā i ke kū ke kū i luna mai ka lepo a e hāʻule paha ma luna.

Nā kāmela Mea Pono Kāmela

ʻO kā kāmela ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui kahi holoholona lōlū. Hiki ke ʻai i nā mea kanu me nā kakalaioa.

ʻO ka papa ʻaina o nā kāmele hihiu me ka lau o ka pala, a me nā lau, nā aniani, ka bramble, ka saxifrage, ephedra, saxaul, poplar a me nā lau ʻoi. Ke hala ʻole o ia meaʻai, ʻai nui nā kāmelo i nā iwi holoholona a me nā ʻili.Ma keʻano ākea, ʻae i ka hoʻokē ʻai.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hana o ke keʻena kaiʻai no ke kino o nā kāmela e ka momona i loko o kāna mau humps. ʻAʻole ia i hoʻokaʻawale i loko o ka wai, akā hoʻohana ʻia no ka insuction thermal. Loaʻa ʻelua mau punamu kahi i 150 kg o ka momona.

Hele mai nā kāmelo i nā puna wai i hoʻokahi mau lā. ʻO ka mālie lākou ka mālama ʻana me ka wai ʻole no ka 2-3 mau pule, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kauwela, ma hope o ka ua nui o ka ua i ka uū i loko o nā mea kanu. Noho maikaʻi ke kāmela me ka nalowale o 40% o ka wai o ke kino. Eia kekahi, hiki i kahi kāmela ʻelua humped ke inu i ka wai paʻakai o kahi neʻe waonahele. I ka manawa like, hiki i ke kāmela ke inu i ka wai nui i ka manawa like. Me ka wai kaumaha - ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 lita.

ʻO ka hānai kai a me ka hānai

ʻO kā Bactrian kālima ka holoholona hihiu, a ma ka manawa like hiki iā ia ke hānai aku i nā meaʻai ʻoi loa ka liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā mea kanu me nā kakala hiki ʻole ke ʻai i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. He ʻokoʻa like ka meaʻai o ke kāmelo. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, makemake lākou i ka huaʻai, ʻai lākou i ke kāmela me ka leʻaleʻa, akā ʻoluʻolu loa lākou e ʻai i ka palu a me ka semi-shrubby hodgepodge, nā ʻuala, nā ʻeleʻele, nā lau lau me nā lau nui o ia, e ʻai ai i ka ephedra a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o ka saxaul, a i ka wā o ka wā o ka oases - nā lau poplar a me ka lāʻau. Ke hele ka pōloli a hiki ke ʻai i nā iwi holoholona a me nā ʻili, a me nā mea i hana ʻia mai lākou. Hiki i ke kāmela Bactrian ke hoʻomanawanui i ka pōloli lōʻihi. He kūpono ia ia me nā pōʻaiʻai i ʻole nā ​​meaʻai o ke kāmela home, hiki ke lilo i lalo o ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻana ma mua o ka mea momona.

Hōʻike nā kāmelo i ka hoʻomanawanui kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka wai. No ka laʻana, hele mai nā kāmele hihiu i nā pūnāwai ʻole ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia lā. Inā pilikia lākou ma laila, a laila hiki i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau pule ke hana me ka wai ʻole, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kauwela, i ka nui o ka mako i nā mea kanu ma hope o ka ua. Ua kāhea ʻia nā kāmela ʻelua-ʻelua no ka mea hiki ke inu i ka wai anapo o ka waonahele wao nahele ʻole me ka hōʻeha ʻole i ke olakino. Eia naʻe naʻe, e hopohopo wale nō ʻo ia kāmala mohala - ka poʻe kīʻaha e pale i ka inu ʻana i ka wai paʻakai. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, nui loa ka pono o ka paʻakai i ka holoholona - no kēia kumu, pono nā kāmele home e mālama i ka noho mau ʻana i nā kī paʻakai. ʻO nā kāmela ma ka laulā, a me nā pōhā maoli i ʻike ʻia no ko lākou hiki ke inu i ka wai o ka wai nui i ka manawa. Me ka hoʻoemi kino nui, hiki iā Bactrian ke inu a hiki i ka 100 lita i ka manawa.

Inā kahi ʻai meaʻai maikaʻi, e kīleʻa nā kamelo a me nā ʻāpana kūlolo i ka hāʻule. Akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā kāmelo ma mua, no ka laʻana, nā lio, i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohemo lākou i ka hau hohonu a me ka hoʻohuihui ʻole hoʻi, no ka mea hiki ʻole iā lākou, ke like me nā lio, ʻaʻohe hiona salju - ʻuwī i ka hau a ʻai i nā mea kanu ma lalo iho.

Nā Pākuʻi Kamela maʻamau

ʻO nā ʻelele kahiko o ka ʻohana kāmela, e like me ka poʻe ʻepekema, i noho ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, mai kahi i neʻe ai kekahi o lākou i ʻAmelika Hema, kahi i mālama ʻia ai nā llamas, a ʻo ka lua ma ka Bering Isthmus i hele aku i ʻAsia.

I kēia lā, ʻelua mau kāmela:

• Kamelie Bactrianus: Kamela Bactrian a Bactrian paha,
• Kamelona dromedarius: kamela hoʻokahi-humped, dromedar, dromedary a i ʻole ka arabian.

Wahi a nā moʻolelo fossil, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kāmelo he ʻelua a lele a hoʻokahi humped paha ma kahi o 25 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ma kēia hihia, ua ʻike mua ʻia nā kāmelo ʻelua humped, no ka mea i ka embryo o nā kāmela hoʻokahi humped ʻelua humps ʻelua i hana mua ʻia, kahi e nalowale ana i ka ulu ʻana.

Hōʻike ʻia ka pilina ma waena o nā kāmelo a me nā hongihue a ʻelua humped i ke kūʻiʻo ʻana a lākou i kaʻaʻi ai, hāʻawi lākou i kahi koloa, i kapa ʻia ʻo Nar. Ma waho, ua like ka bunk i kahi kāmelo hoʻokahi-ʻāpanaʻākae, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o kahi puʻupuʻu ākea, ke ʻano like ia me nā humps o nā bactrian. ʻO nā holoholona nui loa a ikaika nā Nars, ʻike pinepine lākou i Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Iran a me Turkey.

Hoike

ʻAʻole kamaʻilio kamaʻilio nā kāmela. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wa o ka rut, hoʻāʻā ʻia nā kāne e ka leo nui, kahi i lohe pinepine ʻia. E hoʻolaʻa nā holoholona hoihoi i ka hoʻokalakupua a me ka hamama nui. E kani nei nā kerub e kāhea ana i nā makuahine i nā leo kiʻekiʻe, pane aku nā makuahine me nā leo like ʻole, akā me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

Hānau a hānai i ka hua

Loaʻa nā wahine o nā kāmela i ka pākeke o nā makahiki 2-3 mau makahiki, nā kāne, ma hope iki, i kekahi manawa ma 5-6 mau makahiki. ʻO ka rut o nā kāmelo bactrian i hāʻule i ka hāʻule. I kēia manawa, kūlohelohe loa nā kāne. Hoʻi aku lākou i nā kāne ʻē aʻe a ho'āʻo i ka hoa kāne pū me lākou, ka uwē nui ʻana, holo a hāwele, ke puka mai ka waha o ka waha. Hōʻani nā holoholona i nā kani kūlike, a me kahi koholā i puʻupuʻu. ʻO nā kāne Dominant i ka wā o ka rut e hōʻalu i nā wāhine i loko o nā pūʻulu a ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae iā lākou e pālahalaha aku. I kēia ʻāina, hiki i ke kāmela kāne ke pilikia no ke kanaka a me nā holoholona. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā kāmela kāne kāne i ʻole e hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale paha no nā kumu palekana. Ma Mongolia, hōʻike ʻia nā pale wili e puni ana i ka ʻāʻī o nā kāmele i huki ʻia i paʻa i loko o ka ʻalae manuahi.

Hoʻokomo pinepine nā kāne hakakā i nā kaua ikaika me kekahi me kekahi, ma ka manawa a lākou e uhai nei i ka ʻenemi me ko lākou ʻāʻī, ke ho'āʻo nei e kūlou i ka lepo a kuʻi aku. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hōʻoluʻolu i ka manawa o ka moekolohe e lilo i mea pōʻino, hopohopo, hiki ke hoʻouka i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā fangs, ka pume ʻana me nā wāwae mua a i hope. Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā niho (ʻoi aku ka hopu ʻana o ka hoa i ke poʻo me nā niho) a laila he mau hōʻeha nui a hiki i ka make ʻana o kekahi mea hakakā. I loko o nā pipi o nā kāmela home, i kekahi manawa ke komo wale nei i ka poʻe kahu hipa i nā kāmela nāwaliwali mai nā hōʻeha hōʻeha. Ke neʻe mai nei nā kāmelo hihiu i nā holoholona o nā holoholona hihiu, pepehi i nā kāne a alakaʻi i nā wahine - no laila, ʻaihue nā kahu hipa Mongoli i ka Zaaltai Gobi i nā kahu o nā kāmela hale i ka holo ʻana mai ka waonahele, i ka mauna e pale iā lākou mai nā puʻu haptagai.

I ka wā o ka rut, hoʻohana ikaika nā kāne i nā kūloʻi occipital e hōʻailona i ka ʻāina, e hoʻopiʻi i ko lākou ʻāʻī a pā i ko lākou poʻo me ka honua a me nā pōhaku. Hoʻi lākou i ka lākou mau wāwae hind me ko lākou iho urine a laha i ka urine ma luna o ke kua o ke kino me ka huelo. Hana pū ka wahine. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kāmela moe. I ka manawa e moe ai, ua hoʻokuʻu ke kāne Bactrian i ka foam mai ka waha, hoʻopili nui ʻo ia i kona mau niho, me ka haʻalulu i kona poʻo. Ma hope o 13 mahina o ka hāpai ʻana, loaʻa i kā kāmela hoʻokahi wahine. No kona pae mai 35 a 45 kg, ʻo kahi paha ʻo 5-7% ka paona o ka makuahine. He mea kupaianaha nō hoʻi ke kāmele a ʻelua humped i ka hānau hānau ʻana he ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi (ʻoi mau a pili a pili hoʻi i ka makuahine) ma mua o ke kāmelo hoʻokahi, ʻo ka paona o 100 kg.

He kāmele pēpē hou hiki koke ((ʻelua mau hola ma hope) e hiki ke hahai i kona makuahine. He mau ʻōpū liʻiliʻi o nā humps me ka momona o loko, akā i ka manawa o nā mahina e hāpai pono nā humps a lilo a hū ʻia i ke kumu. Pahu hānai ke pēpē i ka waiū a hiki i 3-4 mau mahina, i kēia manawa hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻāʻo i nā mea kanu mea kanu, akā pōkole loa no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ua hala ka lactation ma ka wahine i nā makahiki he 1,5, a aia nō hoʻi nā hihia a ua hānai ʻia nā keiki i kā lākou mau makuahine i ka manawa like me ko lākou mau kaikunāne. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei lākou i nā kāmela, ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ka wā ua, a maloʻo ka ulu, akā oki wale nō i ka makahiki 7 7.

I ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki, haʻalele nā ​​kāne i nā kahu hipa, hana i nā pūʻulu bachelor, a ma hope e loaʻa i kā lākou harem. Hoʻomoe ke kāmelo i nā hua aku, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia 2 mau makahiki.

ʻĀnō ke ola

Noho lōʻihi nā kāmela i nā manawa lōʻihi, a hiki i 40-50 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā kāmela ʻaʻole wale kekahi o nā holoholona maʻamau i ka zoos, akā ʻo kekahi o nā mea i aloha ʻia. He aha ke keiki e haʻalele ai i ka zoo me ka ʻole e ʻike i ke kāmela! Me he mea lā ʻaʻohe manawa i ka mōʻaukala o ka Zoo o Moscow i ka wā a mākou e noho ai me nā kāmele, ʻoi aku, mālama ʻia nā kākelo ʻelua a hānai ʻia hoʻi. Ua loaʻa kēlā i kēlā me kēia i kona ʻano, kāna ʻano ponoʻī. ʻO kahi kāmelo hoʻokahi, ʻo Pan, he ʻāʻehā, a i nā manawa a pau kāna i hakakā ai e hopu i kahi kanaka e hele nei e ke poʻo. A ʻo nā kāne nunui ʻelua ʻo Senya, i hōʻea mai iā mākou me VDNH, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kāne maikaʻi.

I ka wā i kūkulu ʻia ai ka zoo, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā holoholona mai kekahi wahi i kekahi. Ua ʻōmaʻomaʻo ia ke kāmele ʻo Manka, kahi hoaaloha o Senina a hele akula ʻo ia i ke kāhea i kekahi hoaaloha e kāohi ana i kahi ʻāpana ma kāna lima. A ua hana pū ʻia kekahi Senya. ʻAʻole i ʻike ka limahana ua hana ʻo ia ma mua o ke kanalani ma mua a manaʻo e lawe ʻia nā kāmela mai kēia mea hana. Ua hauʻoli ʻo Senya, akā, me ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana, ua neʻe ʻo ia i kona poʻo nui i ke kanaka me ke alahaka, kahi mea i weliweli nui loa. Ka mea, ua ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i kahi manaʻo i ʻike ʻia mai ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka hauʻoli e kau i kahi alahaka, kū mālie ma waena o Bolshaya Gruzinskaya.

I kēia manawa hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi kāmela ma ka Teritori Nui o ka zoo, aia kahi aviary e kū pono ana i mua o ke komo o ka Exotarium. He wahine kēia, ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau makahiki i hala mai nei ʻo ia mai ka ʻāina Astrakhan a noho ʻo ia me kēia mau lio Przhealsky, a kūpono kēia hui ʻana i nā kānaka a pau. ʻAʻole hōʻike ka holoholona i ka huhū liʻiliʻi i kekahi i kekahi, inā naʻe ke kīkoʻi ana ka lio i kona mau pepeiao (a he hōʻailona kēia o ka ʻoluʻolu), ka lau kāmela. Hiki pinepine ke kāmelo i ka poʻe malihini e lūlū me ka hoʻōho: "Aē, ʻānō ʻo ia!" ʻAʻole pono ke makaʻu, neʻe iki ka holoholona aloha aloha nei i ka mālama ʻana i ka mea maʻi. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hānai iā ia, ʻo nā holoholona āpau o ka zoo e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai a lākou e pono ai. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kāmela i ka mauʻu, nā lālā (kahi āna e makemake ai i ka heka), kahi kāwili o nā ʻano ʻala āpau a me nā mea ʻai. E hōʻoia e loaʻa i kahi solonetz me kahi hoʻonohonoho kūikawā o nā paʻakai ma ka ʻoki. Ke hele mai nei ka holoholona e kamaʻilio me ʻoe. E minoʻaka iā ia!

ʻAʻohe kāmela

Noho nā Kamelo ma nā hui o 5-20 kanaka, nona nā alakaʻi male aliʻi, wahine a me nā holoholona ʻōpio. Noho pinepine nā kāne pākahi i hoʻokahi manawa.

Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, neʻe kahe a nā kāmele hihiu mai kekahi wahi i kahi ʻē aʻe, makemake i ka ʻoka, ka ʻāina wao nahele, nā pāpū a me nā ala noho i ke ola, ʻaʻole i mamao loa i nā pū wai. Hiki ke piʻi i nā mauna. I ke ao, ua uhi nā kāmelo i nā 80-90 km. I ka hoʻoilo, lele i ka 300-600 km i ka hema.

ʻO nā kāmela e hoʻoikaika i ka wā kakahiaka. ʻO ka maʻa mau a lākou i ka pō. I ka lā maikaʻi, hūnā lākou i nā lāʻau, nāhelehe.

Kūhā nui nā kāmele holoholona i nā ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo kalima. Akā ma ka manawa like me ka makaʻala a hilahila hoʻi lākou, holo i ka hihia, e kūkulu ana i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 65 km / h.

Kāmela hua kāmela

Loaʻa nā wahine a me nā kāne o ke kāmelo i ka wā ʻōpiopio i 3-5 mau makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka lāhui ma ka hāʻule. He hoʻohālikelike loa nā kauā ʻana o kēia manawa. Hoʻoikaika lākou kekahi i kekahi, halulu me ka leo nui, holo. I kēia ʻāina, he pilikia ke kāne no nā kānaka a me nā holoholona.

I kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua, lawe mai ke kāmelo wahine i hoʻokahi kāmela. Noho ʻo ka wahine helu 13 mau mahina. Hānau ʻia nā kāmela i ka pūnāwai, i ka lā Malaki Malaki-ʻApelila, me ke koʻikoʻi o ke kino e pili ana i ka 36 kg a me ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi o 90 cm. Ma hope o kekahi mau hola, hiki iā lākou ke hahai i ko lākou makuahine. Pākuʻi ka hānai ʻana mai nā mahina 6 a hiki i 1.5 mau makahiki.

Ua nānā koʻikoʻi nā kāmelo Bactrian i kā lākou hua. Noho ke kamelo me ka makuahine a hiki i ka wā kahiko, a laila hoʻomaka nā kāne e noho kūʻokoʻa, a noho mau nā wahine ma loko o ka ʻohana hānau.

I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, e ola nā kāmelo mai 40 a 50 mau makahiki.

ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana ma kā Kamelo

ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā kāmela ʻelua humped i kū ma mua o 1000 BC. e. No laila, kahi kāmela i alakaʻi ʻia e kekahi kanaka ma lalo o kahi pāpū i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Black Obelisk o ke aliʻi no ʻAsuria Salmanasar III (IX kenekulia BC). I ʻEulopa, ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kāmelo ʻelua hānai.

He mea maʻamau ka kāmela bactrian domic ma Central Asia. ʻO ia ka holoholona nui o Mongolia a me Kina (ma kahi o 2 miliona mau kānaka), ka mea i puʻukū ʻia ma Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan a me Central Asia. Ma kahi o nā aupuni me nā kuʻuna kuʻuna, loaʻa nā kamelo ʻelua humped i Aotearoa, ʻo USA, Iran a me Pakistan. I loko o nā wahi hōʻiliʻili o nā kāmelo a ʻelua, ua ʻoi aku ka waiwai ma ke ʻano he ʻōpala a i hoʻohālikelike i ka holoholona, ​​a ma ke ʻano he waiū, a me ka ʻili.

Mālama nā kāmela i nā kāmela i ka māʻule, me ke ʻano o ka noho luhi - me ka mea ʻole i kahi mau ʻia i loko o nā mea hoʻihoʻi a i ʻole ma lalo o nā alo. Pono ka maloʻo e hoʻomaloʻo, kahi e moe ai i ka heu, ka mauʻu a me ka mauʻu i loli mau. I nā hana piha, ua uhi ʻia nā kāmelo i nā lole pale.

ʻO ke kāmela hana ʻelua humped ke paʻakikī a kūpaʻa i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi: ke kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻai a ka wai. I kahi lā, hiki iā ia ke uhi i ka 30-40 km i kēlā me kēia lā me nā pahu o 250-300 kg. ʻOi aku ma mua o 100 km i kēlā me kēia lā ma lalo o ka mea holo i ke ana wikiwiki o 10-12 km / h.

ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana i ke kāmelo ma mua o ka lio, me ka paʻakikī loa. Ma ka malama ʻana i ka holoholona he mea mau loa ia.

ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o ke kāmelo ʻelua humped, ʻai ʻia no nā kāmelo ʻōpio. He ʻono ia e like me ka ʻai ʻaʻai, akā me kahi momona maikaʻi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo Kamela i nā meaʻai ma nā ʻāina kahi i hana pinepine ʻia nā kāmelo. Hoʻomau ʻia nā lau ʻai ʻaila mai ia mea (ma ka laʻana, beshbarmak).

ʻO kahi huahana meaʻai koʻikoʻi kekahi hoʻi momona kāmela. ʻAi ʻia ka momona a me ka ʻoluʻolu ma hope o ka luku, kahi i kapa ʻia he mea ʻai maikaʻi, a ʻo ka momona hoʻono ʻia no ka hoʻoheheʻe.

Nui ka waiwai o ka poʻe Asia a me ka waiū kamelo. Ua ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka pipi, makemake i ka momona, akā heʻuʻuku ka waiū. Ka mea i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka waiū kamela momona - shubat, he mea hoʻākāka o koumiss.

ʻO ka hulu kamela he mea waiwai nui ia, ʻoiai he mea momona loa nā huahana mai ia mea. Hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā lole no nā astronau, polar explorers, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻili maloʻo hāneʻe a paʻakikī i nā ʻano hana like ʻole (nā kāmaʻa o luna, nā kipi, nā kāʻei)

Hoʻohana ʻia ka manure o nā kāmela home i ke ahi no ka foci, ʻaʻole ia e koi i ka maloʻo lōʻihi a hāʻawi i kahi ahi wela, ʻoluʻolu a wela hoʻi.

ʻAno Hoʻonui

• ʻO ka inoa kāmela "kāmela" mai ka Pre-Slavic, ma kāna ʻōlelo he nui ka Gothic "ulbandus", kahi e unuhi ʻia ai he "elephant". Ua haʻi ʻia nā kāmela ma ka moʻolelo o Bygone Year.
• Ma Mongolia a me Kina, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā wahi kūlohelohe e mālama i ka nui o nā kāmelo hihiu.
• Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā kāmelo ʻelua me kahi kāwele o ka Lūkini Kara-Kum, ʻoiai naʻe heʻoneʻoneʻe lākou ma ka wao nahele Karakum, he kāmele nā ​​hue ʻeke me hoʻokahi.
• Lanakila ʻōlau nui Olzhas Kairat-uly (Kazakhstan) i kāʻili i kahi kāmela a ʻelua i lele a lawe ʻia 16 mau mika.

Kamelo - nā kānaka nunui me Humps ʻelua

ʻO nā keʻa nunui ʻelua o ka ʻohana kāmela holoʻokoʻa ke kūʻokoʻa nei i hiki ke ola i nā kūlana e hoʻopalike ai i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe.

Loaʻa me ka pono a me ka pono no ke kanaka i hana akame mai ka wā kahiko, he hoahele mau o ka poʻe o ʻAsia, Mongolia, Buryatia, China a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe me ke anuanua.

Loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā kāhea o nā kāmela ʻelua-humped

Aia he ʻano nui ʻelua Nā kāmelo Bactrian. Nā inoa ʻo Haptagai nā kāmela liʻiliʻi ma Mongolia, ʻo Baptrian nā kāmeʻa maʻamau.

Kuhi ʻia nā mea ʻelele ma ka Red Book ma muli o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o nā haneli o nā haneli hope loa. Ua kākau mua ka mea noiʻi kaulana ʻo N.M. no lākou. Przewalski.

ʻO nā kāmela kamakū i hōʻike ʻia ma nā wahi kaona o nā hale aliʻi kahiko i ka makahiki IV. SM. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā huakini he 2 miliona mau kānaka.

Aia a hiki i kēia lā kāmela - ke kaʻa holo ʻilihua no ka poʻe ma ka wao nahele, ua lilo ia i kāna ʻai, ka huluhulu, ka waiū, ka manure he wahie mea maikaʻi loa.

ʻO ka hoʻouluulu ʻo Bactrian ma ka maʻamau no ka poʻe noho o ka maʻa, nā wahi wao me nā kumu wai liʻiliʻi, nā wahi piedmont me nā mea ulu ulu. Ma kahi āu e loaʻa pinepine ai i nā kāmela dromedary hoʻokahi-humped.

Noho ka wai liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​kahawai wai e huki aku i nā kāmele i ka lua wai e hoʻopiha ai i nā mālama o ke kino. I ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa iā lākou me ka hau.

Hoʻopau ʻo Haptagai i nā lōʻihi lōʻihi a hiki i ka 90 km i kēlā me kēia lā no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā pono wai.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā keiki kāne ʻelua humped ʻelua: a hiki i ka 2.7 m ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaupaona kino a hiki i 1000 kg. Ua liʻiliʻi iki nā wahine: ke kaupaona a hiki i 500-800 kg. ʻO 0,5 ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kahi huelo.

Hōʻike nā humps pololei i ka piha o ka holoholona. I ke kūlana pōloli, mahele heel ko lākou.

Hoʻohui ʻia nā wāwae e neʻe ai i luna o ka pāhele a i ʻole nā ​​ʻaluna pōhaku, hali ʻia nā wāwae ma kahi ākea nui.

ʻO ka alo i kahi ʻano claw-like a i ʻole ka like o ka hoof. Hoʻopili ʻo Corpus callosum i nā kuli mua a me ka umauma o ka holoholona. I nā poʻe kūlohelohe, he mau ia, a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku kona kino kino.

Ua neʻe ʻo ke poʻo nui i ka ʻāʻī o ka a pihi. Uhi ʻia nā maka ākea i nā lālani ʻelua o nā maka ʻāpana. I loko o nā wahi keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole lākou e pani wale i nā maka, akā, nā nostril e like hoʻi me ka mauhe.

ʻO ka lehelehe lehelehe kiʻekiʻe he ʻano no ka poʻe kāmela nā bifurcated, hoʻonohonoho ʻia no ka meaʻai paʻakikī. Ua liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao, ua aneane ʻaʻole maopopo mai kahi mamao.

Ua like paha ka leo e ke kani ʻana o nā hoki, ʻaʻole ʻo ia ke kanaka maikaʻi loa. E uwē mau ana kahi holoholona inā e kū a hāʻule paha paha me kahi ukana i lawe ʻia.

ʻO ka kala o ka huluhulu ʻokoʻa o nā ʻokoʻa like: mai keʻokeʻo a hiki i ke kala ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka lole huluhulu e like nō me nā bea polar a reindeer paha.

Hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ʻole i loko o nā lauoho a me lalo o undercoat e pale i ka pale kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe.

Pono ʻo Molting i ka pūnāwai, a nā kāmelo "Hōʻalo" mai ka wikiwiki o ka huluhulu. Ma hope o ʻekolu pule, e ulu hou ana kahi kohu huluhulu hou, ke lilo a lōʻihi loa i ka hoʻoilo, mai 7 a 30 cm.

ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o ka momona i nā hihiliki a hiki i ka 150 kg, ʻaʻole ia wale nei ke hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o ka meaʻai, akā mālama pū nō hoʻi i ka wela, no ka mea, ʻo ka hihi o ka lā e hoʻopilikia nui i ka kua o ka holoholona.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā Bactrian i nā pahu wela loa a me nā haʻalulu wela. ʻO ka mea nui no kā lākou ola ʻo ke anuanu ke anuanu, ka umauma e ʻae a maikaʻi ʻole lākou.

ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o nā kāmelo ʻelua

Ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe nā kāmelo hoʻokipa ʻana, akā e neʻeneʻe mau i nā ʻāina nā wao nahele, nā wahi pāpū a me nā ʻōpio i loko o nā wahi nui.

Ke neʻe nei ʻo Haptagai mai kahi wai wai lihini i kahi ʻē aʻe e hoʻopiha hou i nā mālama mālama pono.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea 5 5 kanaka. ʻO ke alakaʻi o ka pipi wahine ke kāne nui. Hōʻike ʻia ka hana i ke ao, a i ka pōʻeleʻele, moe ke kāmela a moe paha i ka languidly a me ka apathetically.

I loko o ka wā wikiwiki e moe ai ia no nā lā, ma kahi wela ke piʻi lākou no ka thermoregulation a hūnā paha i nā pulu a me nā lāʻau.

He poʻe hilahila a kūwili wale nā ​​holoholona kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole like me ka mea palupalu, akā ʻoluʻolu nā Bactrian. Ke nānā pono nei ʻo Haptagai, ua holo me ka pōʻino, hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki a hiki i 60 km / h.

Hiki iā lākou ke holo no nā lā 2-3 a hiki i ka pau ʻana. Nā kāmela Kūleʻa Bactrian i ʻike ʻo ia he ʻenemi a makaʻu pū me nā ʻīlio hihiu, tigers. ʻO ka uahi o ka pahu ahi e makaʻu ai iā lākou.

Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ʻaʻole i mālama ka nui a me nā mea kūlohelohe i nā higants ma muli o ko lākou puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi.

Ke kūpaʻa nei ka ʻīlio, ʻaʻole lākou e noʻonoʻo a pale i ka hoʻopunipuni iā ​​lākou iho, ke ʻāhā wale nei lākou a lele. Hiki i nā ʻōpio ke hōʻoki i nā hōʻeha holoholona a me nā ʻoki mai nā kaumaha kaumaha, kāmela ke hoike nei i kona hemahema.

I kahi wahi huhū, ʻaʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka molī i ka lawaiʻa, e like me ka poʻe e manaʻoʻiʻo ana, akā ka mea i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū.

ʻO ke ola o nā holoholona home i lalo o ke kanaka. I ka hihia o ka pili manu, alakaʻi lākou i ke kiʻi o ko lākou mau kūpuna. Hiki i nā kāne kāne ʻelemakule ke noho hoʻokahi wale.

I ka hoʻoilo nā kāmelo ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e neʻe i loko o ka hoʻoilo ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻohi i ka meaʻai ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo ma muli o ka nele i nā maʻa mau.

Hoʻohana nō ia ma ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka mea mua i nā lio i hoʻoilo i ka hau, a laila nā kāmeloke kāʻei i ka mea ʻai i koe.

Ke hānai nei nā kāmelo Bactrian

ʻO ka ʻohi a me ka meaʻai hānai i ka puʻuwai o ke ʻano o nā mea ʻelua i hele ai. ʻAi nā kamelo Herbivorous i kēlā mau mea kanu me nā kakalaioa, a hōʻole ʻole nā ​​holoholona ʻē aʻe a pau loa.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻano nahele flora i ka waihona hānai: nā pua reed, nā lau a me nā lālā o nā lau, nā aniani, a me ka mauʻu palupalu.

Hiki iā lākou ke hānai i nā koena o nā iwi holoholona a me nā ʻili, nā mea i hana ʻia mai lākou, me ka ʻole o nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe.

Inā he waiu ka mea kanu i ka meaʻai, a laila hiki i kahi holoholona ke hana me ka wai ʻole a hiki i ka ʻekolu pule. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kumu, inu lākou ma ka awelika i kēlā me kēia lā 3-4 mau lā.

Pau ka poʻe ʻōiwi i ka wai aniani me ka hoʻopōʻino ʻole i ko lākou olakino. Hōʻalo nā mea hale, akā makemake lākou i ka paʻakai.

Ma hope o ka maʻi kaumaha o ka wā kamela ʻelua pālua hiki ke inu i ka wai 100 o ka wai.

Ua kūloi ke ʻano nā kāmelo hiki ke ahonui i ka pololi lōʻihi. ʻAʻole hōʻino nā hōʻeuʻeu o ka meaʻai i ka mokuʻāina.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai i ka momona a me ka hana hewa ʻana o nā hana. I nā pāʻina ʻohana, ʻaʻole ʻohi a nā kāmelo, hānai i ka mauʻu, nā ʻai palaoa, cereals.

Hōʻailona a me nā lōʻihi o ke kāmela ʻelua-humped

Palapala Hema nā kāmelo aia ma kahi o 3-4 mau makahiki. ʻO ka mua nā wahine i mua o nā kāne i ka hoʻolālā. I ka wā e ulu ai, hoʻomaka ka wā koho.

Hōʻike ʻia ka Agressiveness i ka uē ʻana, ke kiola, ka hū, a me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana ma luna o nā mea āpau.

No ka hōʻalo ʻana i ka pōʻino, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kāmela kāne ʻōwili i hōʻailona ʻia a hōʻailona ʻia me nā lole luhi a hoʻokaʻawale paha iā haʻi.

Hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻo Males i nā hakakā, hahau i ka hoa paio a me ka piʻu. Ma ka hoʻokūkū huhū, ua hōʻeha ʻia a make paha i kēlā kaua ʻana inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopā aku nā kahu hipa a pale i ka nāwaliwali.

Kamelika Bactrian Wild i ka wā moe e lilo ai lākou i wiwo ʻole a ʻimi e lawe i nā wahine i loko o ka wahine, a make nā kāne a make.

Hānau ʻia ka ʻōpū o nā wahine a hiki i 13 mau mahina, i ka pūnāwai kahi pēpē ke pēpē a hiki i 45 kg ka hānau ʻia, ʻaʻole nui nā māhoe.

ʻElua mau hola ma hope iho, e hele kūʻokoʻa ana ke keiki no kona makuahine. Noho ka waiū hānai a hiki i 1.5 mau makahiki.

Hōʻike maopopo ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā hua a kū a hiki i ka wā kahiko. A laila haʻalele nā ​​kāne e hana i kā lākou harem, a noho mau nā wahine i loko o ka ʻohana o ka makuahine.

No ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā dimen, nā ʻano like ʻole o ka crossbreeding: nā ʻano waihue - BIRTUGAN (male) a me MAHINA (wahine). ʻO ka hopena, haʻalele ke ʻano i hoʻokahi hump, akā elongated ma ka hope o ka holoholona.

ʻĀnō ke ola kamela ʻelua ʻelua ma ke kūlohelohe he 40 a mau makahiki paha. Me ka mālama pono, hoʻonui ka poʻe home i ko lākou ola ma o ka makahiki 5-7.

Kinship ma waena o Bactrian a me Dromedary

E pili ana i nā pupu o nā kāmelo, ua hopena ʻo ko lākou mau kūpuna i noho ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua neʻe kekahi o lākou i ʻAmelika Hema, a ʻo kekahi ma o Bering Isthmus a hiki i Asia. Ua māhele ʻia ka mahele i loko o ka dromedaries a me Bactrian ma kahi o 25 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua ʻike ʻia nā holoholona helohou i ka wā o ka ʻōhala ma mua o kā lāua mau hoahānau ʻelua ʻelua.

Ua hoʻoulu nā ʻaanua a ʻelua a hua i nā hua hānau, kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo bunks a i ʻole iners (i ka moʻomeheu ʻEulopa, ʻo Turkoman).

ʻO nā Hybrids e like me ka dromedars, i hoʻohālikelikeʻia e ka hoʻonui koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku nā maikaʻi kino maikaʻi a kaupaona i ka 1000-1100 kg. Hoʻohana nui ka Nars no ka halihali i nā ukana ma Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Iran a me Turkey. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kāne hānai no nā hana hoʻoulu.

Nā maʻi maʻi Bactrian

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kāmelo Bactrian i nā maʻi he nui. ʻO ka maʻi ʻohi pinepine ʻia ʻo ka maʻi tuberculosis, kahi maʻi pinepine lākou i ka wā e komo ai i kahi ʻāina paʻapū. ʻO kā lākou maʻi maʻamau hope loa no ka tetanus, kahi e hoʻopili ai i ka ʻōnaehana nerve, ma muli o ka hōʻeha a me ka ʻehaʻeha o ka naʻau. ʻIke nui ʻia ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻeha like, keu i ka wā mālama. Hoʻopilikia pinepine ka ʻili i ka microflora pathogenic, e hoʻoiho i ka mycoses a me dermatophytosis.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻeha o ka hanu me nā nematodes liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano ʻoi Dictyocaulus cameli i ke inu ʻana i ka wai mai nā pala momona. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka maʻi i ka puna a me ke kauwela ma waena o nā holoholona i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 mau makahiki. Ke hoʻomohala nei lākou i ka mai, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai i ka hina, a me ka nui o ka pohō nui, ke alakaʻi nei lākou i ka make. Hoʻopilikia ka Dipetalonema evanse nematodes i ka puʻuwai, māmā, ke kaʻe a me nā ʻōnaehana genitourinary. Hoʻokomo lākou i ke kino ma o nā ʻuaka lele a hiki ke noho iā ia a hiki i 7 mau makahiki.

Nā kukui lohi (Stomoxys calcitrans) e waiho i nā hua ma ka lewa o ke kino, kahi e puka ai nā lālau. Hoʻopau lākou i ka membrane mucous, hoʻomohala mālie i loko a hiki i ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Ma ka huakaʻi o Bactrian i ka ua nui a i nā lumi umeke, hiki mai ka coccidiosis, nā kumu no ka protozoa o ka papa Coccidia. Hōʻike ka artiodactyls i ka lethargy, ka maʻiʻeha, ka anemia, a me nā ʻulaʻula.

ʻO ka pilina me nā kānaka

Hoʻokomo ʻo Bactrian i ka hana koʻikoʻi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā kaiaulu. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka holo ʻana, ma ke ʻano he mana lā a me ke ʻano o ka ʻiʻo, ka waiū a me ka ʻili. Ma waena o nā ʻohana nomad a i ʻole semi-nomadic i manaʻo ʻia he makana nui a ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano o ka waiwai o ka wahine mare.

Hiki i ke kāmela ʻelua mau kaʻa i hiki ke lawe i nā ukana ʻo 260-300 kg ma kahi lōʻihi o 40 km i ka lā, e neʻe ana i ka wikiwiki o 5 km / h a hōʻike i ka ahonui nui e like me nā lio a me nā hoki. Hoʻopili ia i ke kāwele, ua kāhi ʻo ia i nā ʻeke he 3-4 i kona paona.

ʻAi ʻia ka ʻiʻo kamela, ʻokoʻa ka maʻa i waena o nā kāmelo. I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ua like ia me ka leʻa a me ke keiki hipa a mahalo nui ʻia e nā gourmets. ʻO ka ʻiʻo o nā kāmela aila makua kahi kokoke i ka pipi a ikaika loa hoʻi, no laila ua luku ʻia nā poʻe ʻōpio ma lalo o 2 mau makahiki. Pau ia i ka nui a paʻakai. I ka nui o nā wahi, ʻike ʻia ka momona kamelo he mea ʻono maikaʻi loa a ʻai ʻia ma hope o ka luku ʻana o ka holoholona i ka wela.

ʻO nā kāmela hulu ka waiwai maikaʻi o ka hoʻohuihui a hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā lole, no ka mea hoʻohana i nā polar explorers, astronauts a me nā mea hū. I ka maikaʻi, hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka hulu merino. No ka lauoho lauoho, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i 6-10 kg o ka huluhulu. Hōʻalua ʻia nā pākeke i ʻelua makahiki i ka makahiki, a ʻōpio kekahi. Mai ka 1 kg o ka huluhulu i loaʻa he 3.5-4 mau mika mita. m knili knili. He lawa kēia e kuʻi i nā lole lua.

ʻO ka momona o ka waiū kamela e hōʻea i ka 5-6%. Hāʻawi kekahi kāmelo i kēlā me kēia lā i 5 lita o ka waiū, ka lōʻihi o 15-20 lita. I ka wā lactation, hiki iā ia ke hana mai mai 5000 a 7500 lita o ka waiwai momona.

He ʻano momona ko ka waiū wai, no laila ʻāpono ʻia ka lāʻau wela wela. He mea lāʻau lapaʻau, loaʻa i ka nui o ke kao o ka protein, lipids, hao, calcium a me ka vitamina C. Ma Kazakhstan a me Turkmenistan, ua hoʻohāinu ʻia, e kiʻi ana i ka waiū fermourini inu shubat (chal). Hoʻohanaʻia ia i ka mālamaʻana i ka hānō, tuberkulosis, maʻi maʻi, psoriasis a me nā maʻi ʻeha.

Hele ke kino i ka hana i nā kāmaʻa a me nā kāʻei. Maloo loa ka excrement hou, no laila, ma hope o ka hoʻomoʻo ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe mua, ua kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka pauku. Ke ʻau ʻia, hāʻawi lākou i kahi wela wela a me ka uahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, kūkulu kahi bactrian i ka 1 tonure o ka manure.