I nā wahi pīkoi o kā mākou honua, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokahike i nā mea kupaianaha o ka detachment nui o nā arachnids. ʻO ka ʻepekema Zoological i kapa iā lākou he saltpugs. I kēia manawa ma kahi holoholona ulu he 1,000 a ʻoi loa nā ʻohana pili kokoke o nā manu, i hoʻonoho ʻia ma ka aneane āpau. ʻAʻole wale ma Antarctica a me Australia. E ʻike mākou i kēia mau mea ola a hōʻike pū i nā kiʻi nani o nā ʻano salpugs.

Ma lalo o nā inoa like ʻole

Ua unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Latin, ka inoa o ke kauoha Solifugae ʻo ia "holo ana mai ka lā." Hoʻohana hou ʻia nā inoa ʻelua ma ka honua - phalanx a me bihorch.

Ma nā wahi kūleʻa o ʻAmelika hema, ua kapa ʻia lākou "he wulu hulu manu" a i ʻole "nā ʻūhā." ʻO kēia no ka manaʻo o nā ʻohana kūloko i ka ʻokiʻoki i ka lauoho o ka poʻe, a me ka lauoho holoholona, ​​i mea e hoʻopili ai i kā lākou pūnana me lākou.

Ma Asia, ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau kāmelo kamela, akā ma ʻEulopa hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i nā inoa "wind scorpion", a i ʻole "solar spider." Ke kāhea nei nā poʻe noho o Uzbekistan a me Turkmenistan iā alli hussola, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi poʻo poʻo.

ʻĀina kino

ʻO nā phalanges he mau ʻāpana nunui. No ka laʻana, ulu a nā pākeke o ka saltpug Central ʻAmelika i ka 7 cm i ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā koena ʻē aʻe, ma ka awelika, mai 4 a 5 cm.

Ua uhi ʻia ko lākou kino holoʻokoʻa me nā lauoho liʻiliʻi, a e hilinaʻi ke kala ma ka noho ʻana. ʻO ka kumu, heʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula a me keʻokeʻo hoʻi i ka kala. Ua māhele ʻia ke kino i ʻekolu ʻāpana. ʻO ke poʻo nui, convex. Māhele ka ʻāʻī, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu ʻāpana like. Akā ʻo ka ʻōpū kuʻekuʻe he mau ʻāpana 9-10. He nani maoli nā kānaka a pau.

ʻO ka mua he pedipalps e like me nā wāwae. I ka hopena ua uhi ʻia nā kīpiki ikaika me kahi pale kaua ikaika. I waena o nā arachnids, nā salpugs i nā cheliceurs ikaika loa, hiki iā ia ke huki i ka mea i ka hapalua. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻekolu o nā manamana lima i ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, a me ke koena i ka ʻāpana thoracic. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae o ka salpug ma mua o ke koena.

Mai poina i kā mākou papa pūnaewele most-beauty.ru mea hoihoi e pili ana i ka TOP 20 mea maikaʻi loa o ka honua i loko o ka honua.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ke ʻano

ʻAʻole i like me kekahi mau arachnids, he mau mea pena nāu. Nā mea wikiwiki wikiwiki, hiki ke wikiwiki a hiki i ka 2 km i kēlā me kēia hola, ʻimi i ka pō. Akā he lā mea ʻimi nā lā. ʻO ko lākou mau mea make, he mau huaʻōlelo, nā pupu manu, nā pili arthropod. Mālama nā pākaha ikaika iā ʻoe e hoʻokolo a me nā kīwaha.

Hiki iā lākou ke nānā aku i kā lākou pio, e alualu iā ia, a laila hoʻomaka koke e lele mai i hope. A aʻo ʻia e ʻoki ʻana mai kahi hoʻohālua. Nā manu hualoa, nā ʻele a me nā mākahele ʻoi aku ka mākaʻikaʻi. Hoʻomaka ʻia ka mea make e nā ʻāpana o ka pā, e hoʻohana ana i nā maka, a ʻike pū kekahi i ka hiʻi ʻana o ka lepo.

Hoʻohui ka ʻaoʻao a me ke ʻano o nā phalanges i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea mua a me nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe. Puhi i ka pōʻino, hoʻolei lākou i ka hope o ke kino ma luna o ke poʻo, a hoʻomaka e kani nui. Kuhi ʻia kēia kani pāwili ʻana e ka ʻalū ʻana i ka chelicera i kekahi i kekahi. Ma ka manawa like a lele a mokolo ma kahi e. Hūnā mai nā ʻenemi, eli nā salpugs i nā lua hohonu, a uhi ʻia nā puka i nā lau.

Nā hānai

Ke ʻike maoli nei ke ʻano o nā salpug. Aia kekahi ka moʻolelo he mea hikiʻole lākou a hiki ke make i ke kanaka. Akā ʻaʻole kēia pēlā. ʻEha ka ʻōpū, akā ʻaʻole i pōpilikia i nā kānaka. ʻAʻohe o lākou mau paona ʻona a ʻaʻole hoʻi i ʻole ka mea make. Kani maʻalahi kekahi mau ʻōiwi i ka ʻili o ke kanaka me ka maʻalahi.

ʻO ka mea wale nō e pono ai e hana ma hope o kahi huehue e mālama pono i ka hōʻeha a ʻaʻohe mea maʻi. I ka chelicera, hoʻopau i nā ʻōpala meaʻai e mālama ai i ke kuni ʻana. A no laila, he mea ola maikaʻi ʻole kēia.

Ma ke ala, ma kā mākou pūnaewele most-beauty.ru hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi papa inoa o nā mea hihiu nui e kū pono ʻole i ko mākou honua.

ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Ua hiki i kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi ke ʻike nui i nā kānaka nona lākou i loaʻa nā inoa a me nā inoa inoa. Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole nā ​​mea a pau e pili i ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona. E hoʻomaka kākou salpuga spider, eia nō nā ʻnika e pili ana i nā papa o ka arachnids, ʻaʻole ia ma ka mea āpau o ke ʻano kikoʻī, akā i kona ʻano o nā "saltpugs".

ʻO ia, ʻaʻole ia he spider e like me ia, akā he mea pili wale nō ia, e like like me ia ma ke ʻano kino. He ʻewalu shaggy hoʻi nā pūpulu, a uhi ʻia i nā lauoho nānā nui ʻia, nā wāwae. ʻOiai ma ka maka mua ke ʻike ʻia he ʻumi o lākou. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole o nā hualoaʻa o kēia mau mea i nā wāwae ʻole. ʻO ia kahi hale ʻōlelo i kapa ʻia he pedipalps.

Hāʻawi lākou i ka hana ʻaʻole wale no i ka neʻe, akā o ka hapa nui no nā paʻi āpau. Loaʻa i nā ʻewalu a ʻewalu nei a me nā kīhā suction e waiho nei ma waena o lākou, a hiki i ko lākou poʻe mea maʻalahi ke piʻi i luna i luna ma luna wale nō i ka pulu, akā, ma nā lau anu.

E like me nā mea spider, he ʻāpana o kā mākou mea ola i ʻelua ʻāpana nui, i uhi ʻia me nā bristles a me nā lauoho. ʻO ka mua o lākou he cephalothorax dissected, pale ʻia e ka māi chitinous. ʻElua mau humps ma ke poʻo o ka salpug. ʻO ia paha kekahi nāna i hana i kekahi inoa no kēia mea ola kino: ka pūmela spider.

Ma mua o kēlā mau holoholona, ​​hiki ke noʻonoʻo maikaʻi i ka hiʻohiʻona kiʻi salpugiloaʻa nā lālā nui he nui. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa o lākou ka mea ikaika, ikaika, ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, nā pāpālua pāpālua, e like me nā arachnids āpau, hoʻohanohano ʻia e ka chelicera.

Kūkulu ʻia nā lua, ʻo nā wahi i luna a me lalo o nā ʻāpana ʻelua a paʻa i nā pūlima a paʻa i nā niho. He mau mea nui kēia i ka pale a me ka hoʻouka kaua. He ʻehā mau maka ma ka cephalothorax i mua a i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou ma kahi ʻano paʻakikī, e like me ke kala ʻana, kekahi mau ʻohana kokoke o ka salpug. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka hihiʻo i ka māmā wale nō, akā e pane pū me ka uila uila i ka neʻe o nā mea like ʻole, kahi e hāʻawi ai i nā meaola like nui i ka hopu me ka pale mai nā ʻenemi.

ʻO ka hope o ke kino he ʻōpū nui, e like me ka ʻōpū e pili ana i ka mua me ke ʻano o ka ʻāʻī a ka 'aniani. ʻO ke kūkulu ʻia he ʻumi ʻāpana e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā neʻe transverse kahe, he mea like me nā laina phalanx.

A hāʻawi kēia i inoa i kēia inoa no kēia mau mea. ʻO "Phalanges" kahi huaʻōlelo e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ai, ʻoiai ke manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole pololei. Hoʻokumu wale ʻia mākou i kā mākou mau kāne nani me kekahi ʻohana ʻē aʻe mai ka papa arachnid, phalanx a i ʻole, i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻomaopopo pū mākou me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā mea ʻē aʻe e kokoke kokoke iā lākou iho, he primitive ka salpugs ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, e like me ka hōʻoia ʻana e ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ko lākou mau kino a me ke kino. Akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomohala ʻia lākou, no ka mea ʻo ia kā lākou hoʻoweliweli maikaʻi ʻia a ʻo nā mana ikaika o nā tracheas me nā paena, hele mai nā ʻuhane. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻōpū hanu e nā kaona vascular branched, ka mea e hoʻopiʻi i ke kino holoʻokoʻa o kā mākou arachnids.

ʻO ka kala o nā mea like me ia he brown, ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo, a me nā hihia i loaʻa i nā ʻano lihilihi. ʻO ka hapa nui, hilinaʻi ia i ka noho maʻamau. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano pālahalaha lahilahi me nā leone kai, a ua hoʻōla maoli nā kamaʻāina o nā ʻāpana ʻāina i nā mea kanu momona.

"E hūnā mai ka lā" - eia kahi e unuhi ʻia ai ka inoa nui o kēia mea hana mai Lālia. A mai kēia wahi o ka manaʻo, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "salpuga"ʻAʻole hou e hōʻike piha i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hana o nā mea like ʻole. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻike ka nui o kā lākou ʻano ʻano, ka mea punahele i ka pō a me ke ao a me ka hoʻāʻo e pakele mai ka lā mai i ka pale.

Akā loaʻa pū nā ʻano thermophilic no kēlā lā ka manawa nui o ka hana. A ʻo ka hōʻoia ʻana o kēia mea ʻo ia kekahi o nā inoa Pelekane o nā mea i wehewehe ʻia, ka mea e unuhi ma ka "solar spider."

ʻOi loa kēia ʻāpana. ʻO ka ʻohana hoʻokahi wale nō, kahi 13 mau ʻāpana. Ua māhelehele ʻia lākou i 140 genera, loaʻa hoʻokahi kaukani mau ʻano. ʻO ka manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke kamaʻilio me kekahi o nā ʻelele o nā bihorca (ʻo ia kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai naʻe maʻa pinepine).

1. Salpuga maʻamau ka mahele nui i ka māhele hema o Rūsia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, a me ka Middle East. He mau mea nocturnal kēia, i ka lā e loaʻa ai ka puʻu i nā lua lepo maoli a ma lalo o nā pōhaku, a me ka mauʻu e ʻoka nei i kā lākou mau hana a i ʻole waiho ʻia e nā rodents.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻo ia mau arachnids me nā wāwae he 5 cm lōʻihi.ʻO ke kumu nui o ko lākou kala, he ke one, ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna ka pehu o kahi lalo. ʻO kā lākou mau chelice e ikaika loa.

A ʻoiai he ikaika loa ka paʻa i hiki ke kū i kona nui momona o ia mau holoholona, ​​ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻano waha ke hoʻopili me ka ʻili o ke kanaka. A ʻo kahi mākeke o kēlā mau kuʻekuʻe ma muli o ka nele o nā kelima paona i nā mea nona nā hana ʻole. He pōʻino kekahi, akā no nā spider a me nā moʻo kala, a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe.

2. ʻIke ʻia ʻo bihorca Transcaspian ma Asia Hikina. He ʻokoʻa ia a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻelele o nā ʻano like ʻole a he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 7 cm. He ulaula ka ʻaoʻao mua o nā mea like, he hina ke kua. Kuhi ʻia ka poʻina e ka pōkole pōkole pōkole nui a kahe, i kekahi manawa ke ʻano o ka laina longitudinal hoʻomau e kahe ana i waenakonu o ke kua.

3. ʻO Smoky Bihorch - he mākaʻikaʻi nui loa o ka hemo, ua loaʻa ma nā wahi wela i mamao ʻole ʻia mai mākou, a ma Turkmenistan wale nō. ʻO ka mua o nā meaola mea he melemele, he ʻihi nā wahi hope, i hōʻailona ʻia e ka laina ākea-hina i ka waena. ʻO nā nui o kēlā me kēia ʻano.

Aia kekahi mau lime liʻiliʻi, akā ua kākau ʻia nā nui he nui o ka 20 cm ka nui. ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke aʻo i nā ʻano āpau o nā arachnids mai kēia detachment i ka kikoʻī. No laila, ʻo nā mea i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa e noʻonoʻo ʻia.

Akā e pono e kamaʻilio wale nō nā mea kā nā poʻe ʻepekema ʻAmelika i ʻike a wehewehe i ke ʻano o nā ʻano nui. Ke hele pinepine nei kēlā mau holoholona ma nā ʻāina o nā ʻāina ʻAmelika a me ʻAmelika. I ʻEulopa Noho ʻo Salpuga ka mea nui i nā kūkulu hema: i Greece, Pokukala, Sepania, ma Central Asia, ma ka hema o Rūsia.

Hoʻoikaika & Habitat

He mau manu wiwo ʻole kēia, he manuʻa ʻino a ikaika hoʻi. ʻO kā lākou mea waiwai nui he cllicera claws. I ka manawa kūpono o ka hoʻouka ʻana, e hoʻopaʻa koke nā salpugs i ko lākou waha, me ka mea e kani ana i ke kani e like me ke ʻano ʻāʻī. Uaʻike nā mea koʻikoʻi o kēia hoʻoponopono kūlohelohe.

Noho ka poʻe noho o ʻApelika Hema i nā ʻano o ua mau mea lā e hiki ke ʻokiʻoki i ka lauoho kanaka a me ka lauoho holoholona me kā lākou chelicera. A like pū ʻia nā hana like like me ko lākou mau lalo noho. Mai ia mea, ua loaʻa nā hoaaloha i ka inoa ʻo nā mea ʻahuʻula a nā mea lole ʻole. Akā he paʻakikī ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kēia mau moʻolelo.

Eia nō naʻe salpuga nunuike noho nei ma kēlā mau wahi wela e hiki ke hōʻeha wale i ka ʻili o ke kanaka a me nā ʻuʻū, akā hōʻino hoʻi i nā iwi manu ʻōpala. ʻOiai he pōʻino kino maoli nō kekahi i nā kānaka, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea like ʻole i kekahi hihia.

Akā hiki i nā bichors ke lele i ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe mika. A holo lākou holo ma ka wikiwiki wikiwiki no ka nui, like me ka neʻe o ka mea uila a me ka wikiwiki o ka makani. Mahalo i kēia talena, loaʻa lākou iā ia hoʻokahi inoa - “scorpions wind”. ʻO nā wahi o ko lākou wahi e noho ai ka mea maʻamau i nā wahi neoneo, i nā wahi āpau, nā panalāʻau me kahi anoa a me ke anuanu. A loaʻa kekahi poʻe liʻiliʻi wale nō ma ka ulu lāʻau.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā salpugs he mau holoholona nocturnal e peʻe ana i nā wahi i lalo o ka lā i ka lā. He mea kūlohelohe lākou a me ke kūlohelohe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku nā mea like ʻole, e like me ka mālama mua ʻana, makemake e hoʻololi i nā wahi o ko lākou mau wahi papa e like me ka hiki.

Eia naʻe, aneane hopohopo lākou i nā poʻe. A no laila, he kanaka maʻalahi i ka ʻāina kahi i loaʻa ai nā lāʻau arachnid, e hālāwai me lākou he mea maʻalahi loa ia. I ka manawa pinepine e kipa lākou i nā noho kanaka. A inā ʻike kekahi i ka makaʻu i ka manawa like, a no ko lākou mau kamaʻāina, a me nā malihini kipa ʻole, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, e manaʻo e like me nā mea nona.

Akā inā ʻaʻole e manaʻo ka salpugs e pono ke kū me ka kumu ʻole, lawa ia e hoʻomālamalama i ke ahi ma ke kīaʻina i ka pōʻeleʻele o ia pō, a ʻo kekahi mau mea like o ia mau mea e holo mau i ka mālamalama lohi, ʻike ʻia mai.

ʻAno hānau

ʻO ka mākāwa no nā ʻano ʻano phalanges i hilinaʻi ʻia i ka wahi o ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana. ʻE pinepine ka hana ʻana i ka pō. Ua hoʻowalewale ka wahine i nā kāne me kahi ʻoni kūikawā.

Hōʻike ka kāne kāne i ka spermatophores, a me ke kōkua o ka chelicera e hoʻohuli iā lākou i ka wehe ʻana i ka wahine. ʻO ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa e lawe mai 2 a 4 mau minuke.

Ma hope o ka moe ʻana, holo koke ke kāne no ka wahine ʻaʻole i ʻoluʻolu i kāna pōloli. I ke kino o ka wahine, loaʻa i ka hoʻolālā a me ke kūkuluʻana i nā Appendages fertilized. I loko o kēia manawa, ʻai nui ia, a ma hope o kekahi manawa e waiho i nā hua i loko o ka pohō i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma mua o ka lepo.

A i kēia manawa hou aku kā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano salpugs e noho nei i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka honua.

ʻO nā kikowaena maʻamau / Galeodes

ʻO kēia ʻano, ka mea maʻamau i Lūkia a me nā ʻāina o Central Asia, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia ka saltpug Hema. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Lūkia, ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā papahō o Ukraine, Kazakhstan. ʻO ka palena o ka noho ʻana mai ʻAigupita mai Afghanistan.

Kūpono nā kāne ʻelima a 6 cm. He liʻiliʻi nā wahine - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 4,5 cm. He ʻano kino ke one keokeo kao ʻana o kēia ʻano, a ma ka kua ke ʻike ʻoe i nā wahi pōkole liʻiliʻi.

Manaʻo ʻo Zoologist e loaʻa ka wahi maʻamau i loko o kahi o Volgograd kūloko. Ua wehewehe mua kēia ʻano ma hope o ka zoologist Lūkiniʻo Peter Pallas. I ka makahiki 1772, ua hoʻokomo ʻo ia i ka poʻe e noho ana i nā kihi ʻākau, nā wao, a me nā neoneo i loko o ka papa ʻepekema.

ʻĀlelo Arab Salpuga / Galeodes arabicus

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wahi o ka noho hou ʻana o ka phalanx formidable i nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika Akau a me nā Kūleʻa Arabian. ʻO ka mea kaukuhi "Arabian" e hānai i nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā huaʻai ʻē aʻe.

Ke ulu nei lākou i 5 cm. Hoʻopili ke kino holoʻokoʻa a me nā umauma i nā lauoho lōʻihi. Ke alakaʻi nei lākou i kahi nohona nocturnal, a i ka lā e hūnā ai lākou mai ka lā a me nā ʻenemi ma lalo o nā pōhaku, i nā lua, nā mea pupu.

ʻAʻole make ʻole, a no laila e hoʻopau pinepine i nā home terrariums. Ma ka home, ʻike nui lākou, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke hōʻole ʻole ʻia.

Kumulapula / Galeodes fumigatus

ʻO ka mea noho ma ka wao nahele o Turkmenistan he ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele ia. Aia pū kekahi mau kanaka ʻeleʻele. ʻO kēia ʻano, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli.

Ke ulu nei lākou a hiki i 7 cm ka lōʻihi, a no laila ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻelele nui o nā ʻano gen Galeodes. Ke kāʻei nei lākou i kā lākou mau poʻe pō i ka pō, i ke ao e hūnā ana i nā lua. Hoʻohana kekahi poʻe i kēlā lua, akā loaʻa ka hapanui i kahi puʻuhonua hou i kēlā me kēia lā.

E neʻe wikiwiki me nā wāwae wāwae. Ke hiki i kēia hana hiki iā mākou ke lanakila maʻalahi i nā kuʻikuʻu me ke alo kū.

ʻO ka pena kāmela Trans-Caspian / Galeodes

Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Camel Spider. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia inoa i ka poʻe e noho ana i kahi o ka ʻaoʻao o Kazakhstan a me Kyrgyzstan, akā maoli ʻo ia ʻaʻole ia he spider.
He ʻaneʻane loa ia he helehelena, akā no ka mea ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi kēia mea, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia ua make.

E hōʻeha ʻia paha. Hōʻehu ka ʻike. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha i nā kala kala ʻoi aku. ʻO ka salpuga pīpī e ulu ana a hiki i 7 cm ke maʻalahi me ka holoʻana i kahi mea make.

ʻAno ke kala o ke poʻo a me ka umauma me ke kala ʻulaʻula. Akā, ʻo ka hina o kā lākou ʻōpū me nā pehu transversʻeleʻele.

Palapala paʻakai

I waena o nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa o ka honua o Crimea spiders ma nā wahi piedmont pali o ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu hema o ka peni, hiki ʻoe ke hoʻokuʻi i nā phalanges nani. ʻAʻole e like me tarantulas a me karakurt, ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa nā meaʻawaʻawa.

Hiki lākou i ka lōʻihi o 5 a 6 cm. Mālamalama ke kala. Hoʻohana lākou i ka pōʻeleʻele, nā holoholona lūlū, nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi, nā ʻahi ʻawaʻawa.

He hiʻohiʻona paʻakikī kēia mauʻano o nā kiko o ka hihiʻo e hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi hopena maikaʻi. ʻAʻole lākou wale e ʻike i ka mea i make, akā ua manaʻo pū hoʻi lākou i ke ala ʻana ma o ka neʻe ʻana o ka lepo.He mea kuhihewa ʻia, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hopohopo i ke kanaka a hiki ke komo pū me kahi hana poina i kahi hale mākaʻikaʻi.

Ammotrechidae

Hoʻopau mākou me kahi ʻohana nui ma mua o 80 mau ʻano. Loaʻa nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana ma nā wahi ākea o ʻAmelika Hema a me Latin. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano fossil, ʻo Happlodontus proterus, loaʻa ma Dominican amber ma Haiti.

Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano ʻo 80 āpau e nā zoologists ma 20 mau genera. Hoʻopau maʻalahi nā mea kahakaha Nocturnal i nā termites, nā pepeke nui, nā reptile liʻiliʻi.

Kokoke ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole i ka makahiki iwakālua. Noho ka hapanui o nā ʻano noho i Venezuela a me Chile. Loaʻa ke kiʻi o ka salpug i nā kaha kiʻi o ka Incas, ka ʻohana Mayan.

ʻO wai ka mea ikaika: salpuga a palu paha?

Hoʻopau mākou i kā mākou moʻolelo maikaʻi loa-e pili ana i ka saltpugs me nā kiʻi hoihoi e pili ana i kēia mau kiʻi pīhoihoi maikaʻi.

• Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka inoa kūikawā o ka salpug "heʻe i ka lā", akā ma Sepania ua kapa ʻia lākou he "spider sun". Hāpai ka Central Asian sun-aloha saltpug Raga galeodes heliophilus ma ka holo wāwae i ka wā o ke ao.
• Inā hāʻawi ʻia ka salpuga me nā meaʻai kūpono ʻaʻole ia he pono ke huli, a ʻai a hiki ke uha ʻia kona ʻōpū.
• Kekahi poʻe kamaliʻi o ka honua. Ke makaʻu ʻole, hoʻouka ʻia ia i nā holoholona he mau manawa nui ka nui ma mua o kona nui.
• Ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o Rūsia ma kahi o 50 mau ʻano. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou ma ka Buke Red.
• Ma ka Pūnaewele YouTube, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā wikiō kahi e hakakā ai ka salpuga e kūʻē i ka tarantula, hakakā me nā scolopendras a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe.
• Holo koke lākou i ka haki 52 cm i ka lua o 1. E hiki nō hoʻi iā lākou ke lele i hoʻokahi mika ka lōʻihi, a hiki i kekahi ke lele i ka 3 mika ke kiʻekiʻe.
• I ka 1913, ua loaʻa ka lāʻau keu loa o Protosolpuga carbonaria Petrunkevitch ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Loaʻa iā ia ma nā waiho kālā o ka wā Carboniferous. No laila, ua ʻike ʻia nā phalanges mua i ka honua 340-300 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
• Loaʻa paha ʻo Solpuga i ka ʻike i nā ʻano ʻuhane o nā kānaka, akā ma kahi ʻano o nā holoholona holoholona o Kazakhstan aia kahi kiʻi o kēia kanaka noho kupaianaha o nā ʻāpana.

Etimekema

Kapa inoa Latin Solifugae unuhi ʻia ka "holo ʻana mai ka lā." I loko o South Africa, ua kāheaʻia ka salpug na? uha? eaka ("Nā hulu ʻahuʻula") a i ʻole Baardskeerders ("Nā Pūʻeke"). Ua pili kēia mau inoa i nā stereotypes kūloko e loaʻa nā salpugs me kā lākou cheliceurs ikaika i hiki ke hōʻoki i ka lauoho o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona a laina i kā lākou mau nika lalo o lākou.

Chelicera

ʻO ka chelicerae nui kekahi o nā hōʻailona e ʻike ʻia ana o kahi salpug. ʻO nā arachnids āpau, nā salpugs nā ikaika nā cheliceurs ikaika a maikaʻi loa e hiki ke hoʻopili i kahi manamana o ke kanaka. Loaʻa kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o kā ka chelicerae ʻelua mau ʻaoʻao i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kekahi ʻāpana, i loko o nā hua like i kahi pua i like me kahi clab crab. Aia nā niho chelicera i loaʻa ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole i nā ʻano ʻano. ʻO ka mana o ka chelicera e ʻae i nā salpugs e hōʻoki i ka lauoho a me ka hulu paha o ka mea i hōʻuluʻī a hāʻule paha, ʻoki ʻia ma ka ʻili a me nā iwi nini (manu). Ke hoʻowai ʻia, hoʻopuka mai ka salpugi i kahi pahu kūloko a i ʻole ke kamaʻilio ʻana o ka frlic chelic kekahi i kekahi.

Kālā

ʻO nā Salpugs ka hiʻohiʻona o nā wahi wao. Ma ka ʻāpana o ka US US ma mua, ua ʻike ʻia lākou ma ke kahakai hema o ka penikala ʻo Crimean, ma ka moku o Lower Volga (Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan region, Kalmykia), ma North Caucasus a me Transcaucasia, i nā repubics o Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (Osh rohe), Tajikistan, etc. n .No Europa nō hoʻi i ʻike ʻia ma Sepania, Pokukala a me Helene. ʻAʻohe o ka noho ma ʻAmelika a me Antarctica.

Puʻuwai

He mau inoa ʻepekema ʻo Salpugs (Solifugae Sundevall, 1833, Solpugida, Solpugides, Solpugae, Galeodea, Mycetophorae) a me nā mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia (Lūkini - salpugs (pū kekahi mau solfugs), phalanxes, bichors (pū kekahi bihorchs), English - kamela spider, wind scorpion scorpion, sun spider, South Africa - red romans, haarskeerders, baarskeerders, Tajik and Uzbek - calli hussola (poʻo poʻo).

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

ʻO nā Solpugs kahi hui o arachnids i loaʻa inoa inoa like ʻole. Paona wale nō nā salps, ʻaʻohe kīlaha make ʻole a ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ʻia i nā kānaka, ʻoiai hoʻowahāwahā nui loa lākou a neʻe koke a hiki i kahi hōʻeha hōʻeha.

The name "salpuga" mai nō ka Latin "solifuga" (a kind of racous ant or spider), ʻo ia hoʻi, hele mai ia "fugere" (holo, lele, lele i loko) a me ka sol (sun). ʻO kēia mau mea kūlohelohe he mau inoa maʻamau ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekane a me ʻAmelika, ʻo ia ka nui o ia mau huaʻōlelo ʻo "spider" a "scorpion" paha. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia a i ʻole kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi spider ma kahi moʻo. Hoʻohui ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "sun spider" i kēlā mau ʻano e ola i ka lā, e ʻoka e pale i ka wela a hoʻolei iā lākou iho i ka malu o ka pale ʻana, ka mea pinepine iā ia ke ʻano o kahi mea e alualu ana iā ia.

Wikiō: Solpuga

Hiki mai ka huaʻōlelo ʻo "red Roman" mai ka ʻōlelo Afansans "rooiman" (ke kanaka ʻulaʻula) ma muli o ke kala ʻulaʻula o kekahi mau ʻano. ʻO nā huaʻōlelo kaulana "haarkeerders" ʻo ia ka "palekana" a mai kekahi o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kekahi o kēia mau holoholona i ka wā e hoʻohana ai lākou i kahi hale holoholona. ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka salpug wahine i kahi lauoho he mea hoʻopili kūpono loa i kahi pā. Ua ʻōlelo a hōʻike ʻo Gauteng, ua hōʻoki ʻia nā salpugs i nā lauoho i ka poʻe me kaʻole o ka kānalua. ʻAʻole kūpono nā Salpugs i ka ʻokiʻoki i ka lauoho, a hiki i ka wā i hoʻāʻo ʻia, pono ia e noho i kahi ʻano nūʻau, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke uhai i ka ʻūhā o nā hulu manu.

ʻO nā inoa ʻē aʻe no ka salpug kahi spider sun, Roman spider, wind scorpions, wind spider or camel spiders. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi e pili pū ana lākou me ka pseudoscorpions, akā e hoʻowahāwahā ʻia kēia e nā aʻo hou.

Kahi helu

Aia ke kauoha e pili ana i 1,000 mau ʻano mai nā 140 genera, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻohana 13.

• Ammotrechidae Roewer, 1934 - 20 mau genera a me nā ʻenehana 80, ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema
• Ceromidae Roewer, 1933 - 3 genera, 20 mau ʻano, ʻApelika
• Daesiidae Kraepelin, 1899 - 29 genera a me 180 mau ʻano, ʻAmelika Hema, ʻApelika, ʻEulopa, ʻĀsia
• ʻO Eremobatidae Kraepelin, 1899 - 7 genera, 190 nā ʻano, ʻĀina a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa
• Galeodidae Sundevall, 1833 - 9 genera a me nā mea 200 he nui, ʻApelika, ʻEulopa, ʻAsia
• Gylippidae Roewer, 1933 - 5 mau genera a me nā mea he 25, ʻo ʻAmelika Hema, Asia
• Hexisopodidae Pocock, 1897 - 2 ʻano genera a me nā ʻano he 25, ʻApelika Hema
• Karschiidae Kraepelin, 1899 - 4 mau genera a me nā mea he 40, ʻApelika ʻAmelika, Greece, ʻĀsia
• Melanoblossidae Roewer, 1933 - 6 genera a 16 mau ʻano, 16 ʻApelika Hema, Vietnam, Indonesia
• Mummuciidae Roewer, 1934 - 10 genera a me 18 mau ʻano, ʻo ʻAmelika Hema
• Rhagodidae Pocock, 1897 - 27 genera a he 98 mau ʻōpū, ʻApelika, ʻAsia
• Solpubongae Leach, 1815 - 23 mau genera a me nā mea he 200, ʻApelika, Iraq
• † Protosolp hoʻolahaae - hoʻokahi mau holoholona i wehewehe ʻia e nā fossil i waiho ʻia mai Pennsylvania (USA).

Mea ʻai

Hoʻomaʻaau ka poluttony o nā ʻalā. ʻO kēia nā mea kikoʻī ʻaʻole i maopopo i ka naʻau o ka ʻoluʻolu. ʻO nā holoholona nui, ʻo nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e lilo i meaʻai. ʻO nā makana lāʻau, millipedes, spider, termites, mauʻa, nā pepeke i komo i ka meaʻai.

Pālāole e hoouka aku i na mea ola apau e nee aku a e ku like me kona nui a hiki i kona hāʻule ʻana mai ka overeating. Ma Kaleponi, haehae nā spider i nā ʻūhā o nā pi, hoʻōla me nā waha, nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā moʻo kala ʻōpio a me nā kalpugs iā lākou iho, hiki ke hoʻopau i kā lākou pālua ma hope o ka hala ʻana, e lilo i poʻe pōā.

ʻAi ʻia ʻo Solpuga i kahi mālani

Mālama ka ʻūpā ahi i ka wikiwiki me ka wikiwiki. E hoʻopau i ke kupapaʻu ua haehae ʻia nā ʻāpana, ka chelicerae e ʻoki. A laila e hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka meaʻai me ka wai a me ka hoʻohuihui ʻia e ka salpuga.

Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana, ulu nui ka ʻōpū ma kahi nui, ʻoi aku ka hauʻoli ʻuhua no kahi manawa pōkole. Pono nā poʻe e mālama i nā kuʻuna i nā terrariums e nānā i ka nui o ka hānai, ʻoiai hiki ke make ka phalanx mai ka gluttony.

Nā Kūlana Kūʻai

Aia kekahi mau makahiki e ulu nui ana ka nui o nā salpugs a ua kū maoli lākou i nā hale o nā kānaka, e lele ana i kahi a lākou e makemake ai. A e hanana kēia i nā ʻāina wela wale nō, akā ma nā wahi Lūkia hoʻi. Ma keʻano kūikawā, i ke kauwela hope loa ma ka mokuʻo Volgograd, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ke ʻano o nā mea make shaggy, i kapa ʻia ka ʻā o ka makani ma kēlā mau wahi, ka makaʻu maoli i ka poʻe kahiko o ka pāla ʻo Shebalino ma kēia ʻano.

Palapala paʻakai he mea hiki ke lawe pio i ke koena no nā poʻe mākaʻikaʻi i hele i ke kūlohelohe ma ia mau wahi. ʻIke ʻia nā hanana i ka wā i holo pū ai nā mea makaʻu ʻole a hoʻopili iā lākou iā lākou iho e hōʻoluʻolu iā lākou iho i nā wahi hoʻomoana e noho ana ma ke ahi. 'Aʻole paipai i ka poʻe i kēia kūlana e noho mālie.

Ma hope o nā mea a me ka hoʻomanawanui, ka uē a ka ʻā ʻana i nā lima he ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻokuʻi ai i kēia pilikia. Hoʻolālā kēia mau mea hoʻonaninani, wikiwiki a lele. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, e wikiwiki lākou i kahi hoʻouka kaua hoʻopaʻi. He paʻakikī loa e pīhoihoi iā lākou ma nā lepo lepo, ma kahi mea paʻa.

Akā ʻaʻole pono ke manaʻo ʻia nā hopena nui mai kā lākou lele ʻana. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopuʻi ma o ka palukalū mānoʻi, inā inā lākou e haki i lalo o nā lole a i ʻole hoʻi i ka halelewa, hele i ko lākou alo, a laila hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui ʻia.

ʻO ka ua Salpuga ʻaʻole hōʻeha loa a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa. Akā i ka ʻike ʻana o kēia mau mea hoʻopihapiha pono ʻole maikaʻi ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolauna i nā hōʻeha i hana ʻia me kā lākou mau puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi i liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai i hiki i ka wā o ka hopu a me ka papaʻai momona.

ʻO nā palu lohi kao ʻole i ka nalu e hiki ke hoʻowalewale a hoʻopuʻi ʻia paha ke koko. A no laila, e pono e hana pono i ka wahi o ka hōʻino i ka hiki ke mālama ʻia me ka peroxide, iodine a i ʻole ʻalani maikaʻi.

A laila pono ʻoe e noi i kahi lole hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i kekahi mea disinfectant. He maikaʻi ia e ninini i kahi antibiotic liʻiliʻi i loko o ka hōʻeha i loko, a laila e pale pono me nā mea āpau me ka palima. A ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pōʻino pale, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi mau ʻana i nā ʻaʻahu.

He aha ke ʻano o ka paʻakai?

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka holoholona e hele wale ana mai 5 a 7 paha kenimika. ʻAʻole i like me nā hoa pili e pili ana i ke ola, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kino o ka salpuga i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: ʻōpū, ka puʻuwai a me ke poʻo. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka māhele thoracic i 3 mau māhele.

Solpuga (lat.Solifugae)

Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino piha o ka holoholona me nā lauoho liʻiliʻi. Hiki ke kala o ka salpuga he mālamalama a ʻulaʻula paha.

Ma hea ke noho ai kēia poʻe ʻokiʻoki liʻiliʻi.

Noho nā wahi o lākou. Ua loaʻa iā lākou ma nā konika a pau, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o Antarctica a me Australia. Ma nā ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Eurasia, ua noho ka phalanges i Sepania a me Helene. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau arachnids ma Central Asia, no ka laʻana, ma Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, a me Kazakhstan. Ma ka palena o kā mākou moku'āina, e noho ana nā salpugs ma Crimea, i ka ʻāina Volgograd, ma Kalmykia a me nā wahi ʻo Astrakhan.

ʻO ke ola a me nā ʻano ma ke ʻano

Kahi kūpono, kūleʻa e kūpono i kēia mau holoholona; ʻO ka hana nui loa e hele ana i ka pōʻeleʻele, i ka lā e makemake ai ka phalanx e peʻe i nā pā. He mea hiki ole ke kaulana i ka nohona o ka Salpug e hoʻololi i ko lākou home i kēlā me kēia pō, ka mea wale nō o nā luna o kēia neʻe "noho mau" i ka "home".

Salpuga ma ka pōhaku hū.

E ʻike ʻoe i kēia holoholona, ​​ʻaʻohe pono ʻoe e hoʻoikaika, hoʻālamā wale i ke kukui a i ʻole paha e hana i ke ahi i ke ahiahi - ʻo kēia mau ʻōpio liʻiliʻi he ʻewalu pū kekahi i laila!

Ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke neʻe koke (a hiki i 16 km / h) a me ke kaanaki kiʻekiʻe, ua kapa ʻia nā salpugs i ka "scorpion wind".

He aha nā mea ʻaʻai phalanges?

ʻO kēia mau mea kikoʻī! Eia kekahi, nani loa. ʻĀnō e ʻike ʻoe i ke kumu o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka moʻolelo i kapa ʻia lākou he mau polulona. A kiʻi ka salpuga i kāna mea i hopu ai, ʻai ʻo ia ia me ka mea ʻole, ʻoiai inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea pio ma mua o kona nui.

Aia kekahi manawa i ʻaina ai kēia holoholona a hiki i ka ʻōpū o kona ʻōpū. Akā ʻoiai e make ana, hoʻomau nā phalanx i nā koena o ka mea nāna i pepehi ʻia! ʻAʻohe hiki ke noʻonoʻo, akā ʻo ia!

Hiki i nā ʻōpala o ka salpuga makua ke hānai ma ka ʻili o ke kanaka.

ʻO ka papaʻaina o kēia mau mea lūlū e pili ana i nā mau nahelehele, nā kāleka lāʻau, nā ʻawaʻawa, nā ʻoniʻī, nā kiʻīneke, nā ʻoni a me nā manu liʻiliʻi.

Pehea ka hana ʻana i nā phalanges

A ma kēia wahi o ke ola, ke hōʻike nei nā Salpugs i kā lākou gluttonous ʻano. Ma hope iho o ka moe ʻana, hiki i ka phalanx wahine ke ʻai kāne, no laila makemake nui nā kāne e nalo koke aku mai nā maka o ko lākou hoa.

Hana ka wahine i ka masonry i loko o ka lua kahiki kūikawā. I hoʻokahi wā hoʻoulu, hiki i ka salpuga wahine keʻae i 30 a 200 mau hua. Ma hope o 2 - 3 mau pule, ua hānau ʻia kahi hanauna ʻōpiopio.

ʻAʻole hewa ke kipi ʻo Salpugi e hoʻopili wale i kekahi.

He aha aha phalanx a me nā mea āu e pono ai ke ʻike e pili ana i kāna nūnū

ʻOiai ʻaʻole loaʻa nā salpuga, hiki i kāna mau bites ke hōʻeha i ka pilikia nui. ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo aia ma luna o kāna chelicera (ka "ʻaoʻao" o nā ʻāpana waha e hiki ai iā ka ʻaki) ke nui nā meaʻai kīnā he, a hāpana, ke komo ʻana i ke kino o ke kanaka, ka mea ʻo ka maʻi nui. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e kōkua i ka manawa me ka pīhoihoi o kahi salpuga, a laila hiki i nā hopena ke lilo i mea leʻaleʻa.

ʻAʻole hopohopo nā holoholona hihiu i kānaka, a aia pū kekahi me salpugas.

I mea e pale aku ai i ka maʻi maʻi, pono ʻoe e mālama i ka hōʻeha ʻia me ka disinfectant a hoʻopili i kahi bandage a i ʻole ke alapine paha, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka gel a i aila i mea lāʻau lāʻau. Hoʻopiliʻia ke kapa i nā lā a pau a hiki i ka hōʻeha ʻana.

Eia naʻe, hiki i nā pākeke ke hoʻopili i ka ʻili o ke kanaka; ʻaʻole hiki i nā holoholona ʻōpio ke hana i kēia.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kuhi: He aha ke ʻano o ka salpug?

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kino o ka salpuga i ʻelua mau māhele: millet (carapace) a me opistosome (ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū).

ʻEkolu mau pelekala i ʻekolu māhele:

• propeltidium (poʻo) he chelicera, nā maka, nā mākaʻi a me nā wāwae ʻelua o nā wāwae,
• ʻo ka mesopeltidium he kolu ʻekolu o nā wāwae,
• loaʻa i ka metapeltidium ka ʻehā o nā wāwae o ka paws.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻae ʻia he mau wāwae he 10 mau nō ka salpug, akā he ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kiʻi mua o nā papahele he mau pedipalps ikaika, i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻano like ʻole, e like me ka inu ʻana, ka lawaiʻa, ka hānai, kaʻa a me ka piʻi.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka salpug he mau ʻāpana kū like o kā lākou mau wāwae. Ua ʻike ʻia hiki i kekahi mau saltpugs hiki ke hoʻohana i kēia mau kino no ka piʻi ʻana i nā papa kuahiwi, akā ʻaʻole pono kēia i ka mea hihiu. ʻO ka wāwae āpau he femur. ʻO ke kapa mua o ka wāwae wāwae he ʻūpiki a pōkole a hoʻohana ʻia ia i mea hoʻowalewale (ʻekena) a, ʻaʻole no ka neʻe a he hū ʻole paha.

ʻO ka salpug, me ka pseudocorpions, nele ka patella (ka māhele o ka wāwae i loaʻa i nā spider, scorpions a me nā arachnids). ʻO ka ha ʻehā o ka wāwae wāwae ka lōʻihi o nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae a he mau wāwae, nā ʻokoʻa kūlohelohe paha i loaʻa ka waiwai chemosensory. ʻO ka hapa nui he 5 mau wāwae o nā kuʻekuʻe, ʻoiai he mau pōkole ʻo 2-3.

He loli nui ka Salpugs (ka lōʻihi o ke kino 10-70 mm) a hiki i kahi kuʻi paa a hiki i 160 mm. Nui ke poʻo, e kākoʻo i ka chelicera ikaika (jaws). Kū ka propeltidium (ke kalapeka) e hoʻokipa i nā uaua i hoʻonui ʻia i ka chelicerae. Ma muli o kēia ʻano kolepa, hoʻohana ʻia ka inoa "cam spider" ma ʻAmelika. Loaʻa i ka lima manamana lima lima ʻo Chelicera a me kahi manamana lima hāmeʻa neʻe, i paʻa i nā niho cheliceral e wāwahi i ka waiwai pio. ʻO kēia mau niho kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kahi salpug.

ʻElua mau maka māmā o ka salpug ma luna o ka pūhaka o ka maka ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka propeltidium, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia a ʻike wale ʻia ka mālamalama a me ka pouli a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻike. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ua hiki ke koho a ʻike ʻia ka ʻike e nānā i nā mea wānana lele. Ua ʻike ʻia he paʻakikī loa nā maka, no laila e pono hou ka noiʻi ʻana. Loaʻa pinepine nā maka lateral Rudimentary ma hope.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ka saltpug?

Kiʻi kiʻi: Solpuga ma Lūkia

ʻO ka mīpena paʻakai he 12 mau ʻohana, ma kahi o 150 genera a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma mua o 900 mau ʻano a puni ka honua. ʻIke pinepine lākou i nā wao a me nā subtropical ma ʻApelika, Middle East, West Asia a me ʻAmelika. Ma Africa, loaʻa kekahi iā lākou i nā nahele a me nā nahele.Hele lākou ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, ʻaʻole naʻe ma Australia a i ʻole New Zealand. ʻO nā ʻohana saltpug ʻelua ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ʻo ʻAmmotrechidae lāua ʻo Eremobatidae, i hui pū ʻia e 11 genera a me nā ʻano he 120. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o lākou ma ke komohana komohana. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ke ala ʻo Ammotrechella stimpsoni, ka mea i loaʻa ma lalo o ka lāʻau o Florida kahi mau huaʻai.

Mea ʻoi aku: ʻO nā pūpū Solpugs ma lalo o kekahi kukui ultraviolet o ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi a me ka mana, a ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e like me ka nani e like me nā kala kala, ʻo ia kahi ʻano o ka hōʻiliʻili iā lākou. ʻAʻole hana nā kukui kukui o UVviolet i nā salpugs i kēia manawa.

Manaʻo ʻia nā Salpugs i kahi hōʻailona endemic o ka biome wao a noho i nā wahi mahana a pau o ka Middle East a me nā mea kanu lāʻau ma nā ʻāina āpau koe wale nō ʻo Australia a me Antarctica. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ke loaʻa ʻole kahi salpug ma Antartika, akā no ke aha la ʻole ʻAstralia? ʻO ka mea pōʻino, he mea paʻakikī ia e ʻōlelo - paʻakikī loa ka nānā ʻana i nā salpugs i ka hihiu, ʻaʻole lākou e ola maikaʻi ma ka noho pio ʻana. ʻO kēia mea paʻakikī loa iā lākou e aʻo. No ka mea aia ma kahi o 1,100 subspecies o salpugs, nui nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i hea e kū ai a me nā mea a lākou e ʻai ai.

E ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka salpuga. E ʻike i nā mea e ʻai ai kēia spider.

He aha kā ka meaʻai salpuga?

Whakaahua: Salpuga Spider

ʻO nā pūpū make i nā mea ʻino, nā ʻalopeke, nā kala, nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā manu make, a pēlā pū kekahi. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano manuʻaleʻa wale nō ka wānana. Noho kekahi mau salpugs i ka pale a e hoʻohālua i kā lākou mea pio. Pepehi nā mea ʻē aku i kā lākou pio, a i ka wā ia i hopu ai iā lākou me kahi puʻe ikaika a me nā hana ikaika o nā ʻāho ikaika, ʻai koke lākou i ka ʻai, ʻoiai mea ola e ola ana ka mea.

Ua hōʻike ke wikiō e hopu ana nā salpugs i kā lākou mea make me ke kōkua o ka elipalated pedipalps, e hoʻohana ana i nā kikowaena mamao o ka succorial e hoʻopili ai i ka mea i lawe ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia ke ʻōhua succulent, no ka mea e hoʻopili ʻia ana i nā lehelehe cutral dorsal a me ka ventral cuticular. A hiki ke hopu ʻia a lawe ʻia i ka chelicera, pani ke kelepona huki. I mea e wehe ai a pale i ka umauma o ka umauma, hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hemolymph. ʻIke ʻia me ka lela chameleon pōkole loa. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona adhesion ka mea ikaika o Van der Waals.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano saltpug he mau predator nocturnal, e kū mai ana i nā kahe mau o nā puʻu e ʻai nui ana i nā ʻano arthropod. ʻAʻohe o lākou nāu paona. E like me nā mea e ʻike ai ka honua, ua ʻike ʻia lākou no ka hānai ʻana i nā pōpoki liʻiliʻi, nā manu a me nā momona. Ma nā wahi kahiki o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, pae pinepine ka hānai o ka salpug i ka anai. ʻAʻole hoka ʻo Salpuga i hoʻokahi manawa kūpono e ʻai ai. Inā ʻaʻole pōloli lākou, e ʻai ka salpugs. ʻIke maopopo lākou i ke āpau inā paʻakikī ia e loaʻa nā meaʻai. Hiki i nā salps ke hōʻiliʻili i ka momona i ke kino i ke ola e noho ai i kēlā mau manawa ʻaʻole pono lākou i ka nui o ka meaʻai hou.

No kekahi kumu, hele nā ​​salpugs i hope ma hope o ka nalo o ke aniani, e ʻaki wale i nā ʻūpā i ka hapa a i ka hema a me ka hema, a hoʻopuni ʻia lākou e ka nui o nā kalua o ke ʻokiʻoki e ʻoki ʻia i ka hapalua. Ke manaʻo nei kekahi poʻe ʻepekema e pepehi paha lākou i nā popo i mea e mālama ai iā lākou e like me kā mea e manaʻo ai no ka wā e hiki mai ana, akā ma 2014, ua paʻi ʻo Reddick i kahi mea e pili ana i ka meaʻai ʻo Salpug, a me ia pū me kahi mea kākau, ʻike lākou ʻaʻole i aloha nui ka Salpugs i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻōpala. ʻO ka wehewehe hou no kēia ʻano ka hana a lākou e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka nalo o ke aʻalolo e loaʻa i kahi maikaʻi a pakele mai ka wao nahele, akā he mea maoli no ia e hana ai.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

Whakaahua: Crimean Solpuga

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā salpugs he nocturnal, e hoʻolilo ana i ka lā i hūnā ʻia i loko o ka palupalu but, ma ka pohū a i lalo o ka pā, a hele mai e noho a kali a puni ka pōʻeleʻele. Aia kekahi mau ano diurnal, ma ka pena maʻamau i paʻi ʻia i ke kala ʻulaʻula me nā kukui a me ke aniani ākea ma ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kino, aʻo nā ʻano nocturnal he mau tan a ua ʻoi aku ka nui. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino o nā ʻano he nui me nā ʻāpana o nā lōʻihi, kū lōʻihi a hiki i 50 mm lōʻihi, e like me ka pulu lauoho pōpoki. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea nānā he sensor kūpono.

ʻO Solpuga ke kumuhana o nā moʻomeheu lehulehu a me nā mea ulu e pili ana i ko lākou nui, wikiwiki, hoʻolaʻa, hoʻolaʻa a me ke ola kino. ʻAʻole lākou ka nui loa, ʻo ka nui ka nui o ka papa kahe a 12 cm He mamao loa lākou ma ka ʻāina, ʻo ko lākou kiʻekiʻe wikiwiki hoʻi ma ka 16 km / h, he ʻeka lākou i ka wikiwiki ʻekolu ma mua o ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki kanaka.

ʻAʻohe kelima i nā lau he manu ʻole a me nā mea hoʻopio e ʻike ai, e like me nā spider fangs, nā wasp stings, a i ʻole nā ​​mea make ʻūlō o nā kukuna o nā ʻano lonomia. Ua hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā haʻawina 1987 e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻokoʻa i kēia kānāwai ma India i ka salpuga he mau puʻu ʻona, a ʻo ka huina ʻana o kā lākou huna i nā kiʻi pinepine mau i ka make. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea i noiʻi ʻia i hōʻoia i ka ʻike i kēia pili, no ka laʻana, ka ʻike kūʻokoʻa kūleʻa o nā aila, a i ʻole ka pilina o nā mea e ʻike ai, i hōʻoia ai i ko lākou pololei.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: hiki i nā mea Solpugs ke hana i kahi kani aʻalolo inā manaʻo lākou ua pōpilikia lākou. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia kuhihewa i hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokae iā lākou mai kahi kūlana paʻakikī.

Ma muli o ko lākou helehelena like-spider a me ka wikiwiki o ka holo, ua hoʻomau nā salpugs i nā poʻe he nui. Ua lilo kēia makaʻu i ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka ʻohana i waho o ka hale i ka wā i ʻike ai lākou i ka ʻūī i loko o ka hale o ka puʻu i Colchester, ʻEnelani, a ua koi aku i ka ʻohana e hoʻopiʻi i ka ʻai no ka make o kā lāua ʻīlio aloha. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lākou i ʻino, nā cheliceurs ikaika a hiki i nā poʻe nui ke hōʻeha i kahi maʻi hōʻeha, akā mai kahiʻike mai ke koʻikoʻi.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Whakaahua: Salpuga maʻamau

ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o kahi salpug e kau ai i ka neʻe a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻina paha o ka sperm. Loaʻa nā salpugs kāne i ka flagella e like me ka flagella ma ka chelicerae (e like me ka antennas i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia), kū hoʻokahi i ke ʻano no kēlā me kēia ʻano. Hiki i nā ʻāpana ke hoʻohana i kēia mau haeella e hoʻokomo i kahi spermatophore i loko o ka wehe wahine o ka wahine.

E ʻimi ke kāne i ka wahine me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna pūnaehana suctorial, nāna e huki mai iā ia mai ka wahine mai kāna hoʻi ʻana. Hoʻohana ka kāne i nā pelipalps e lawe i ka wahine i kahi maloʻo, a i kekahi manawa hoʻokomo ʻia kona ʻōpū me kāna chelicera, ʻoiai ʻo ia e waiho i ka spermatophore i ka wehe ʻana o ka wahine.

Ma kahi o 20-200 mau hua a hua ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia ma kahi o ʻehā pule. ʻO ke kumu mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka salpuga ka palewa, a ma hope o ka haki ʻana o ka ʻili, kū ka ʻōpū. Noho ʻo Salpugs i hoʻokahi makahiki paha. He mau holoholona hūnā kēia e noho ana i nā wahi i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, pinepine ma lalo o nā pōhaku a me nā ʻalā a i nā pū paha a hiki i 230 mm hohonu. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Chelicera no ka eli ʻana i ka wā pālima kino o ke kino, a i ʻole ke ʻoki pono ʻole i nā wāwae hind e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke one. He paʻakikī lākou e mālama ma ke pio ʻana a make lākou ma mua o 1-2 mau pule.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: hele nā ​​mea Solpugs i nā helu he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka hua, 9-10 puppet age age a me ke ʻano makua.

Salpug kūlohelohe

Kuhi: He aha ke ʻano o ka salpug?

ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka salpugs i noʻonoʻo pinepine ʻia i nā poʻe wīwī, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea koʻikoʻi i ka mea ʻai nui o nā holoholona e noho ana i loko o ka paepae a me nā semi-arid ecosystem. ʻO nā manu, nā mammals liʻiliʻi, nā mea reptile a me nā arachnids, e like me nā mea spider, i waena o nā holoholona i hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā mea kūʻai lawena. Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia kekahi, ʻai nui nā salpugs i kēlā me kēia.

ʻO nā ʻakaʻaka, nā mea e ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā salpugs ma ʻAmelika Hema, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kumu o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā koena o ka ʻukala i ʻike ʻia ma nā moʻo manu. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia ko nā ʻōpala o ke ao Hou, ka lark a me ka holo waelē o ka Old World ua ʻai ʻia ma luna o kahi salpug, a ʻo nā koʻi o ka chelicera ka loaʻa pū i loko o ka ʻōpala.

ʻO kekahi mau mommile liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka paʻakai i loko o kā lākou mau meaʻai, e like me ka mea ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻopuʻi ʻia ʻana. Ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻāʻī nui-pepeiao i ʻai i ka salpug ma loko o ka ua anu a maloʻo ma ke Kalahari Gemsbok National Park. Hoʻohana ʻia nā moʻolelo ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia nā salpugs i mea pio no ka mau mommika liʻiliʻi Aferika e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i ka ʻike maʻamau o ka maʻamau genetic, African civet, a me ka scoop jackal.

Pēlā ka nui o nā manu o ka ʻai, nā manu, a me nā momi liʻiliʻi e ʻai i ka saltpug i kā lākou papaʻai, me nā:

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

ʻO nā lālā o ka detachment Salpug, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka spela kamela, nā ʻikina hoʻopunipuni, nā spider Roma, ka spider solar, nā ʻōpū o ka makani, he ʻano ʻokoʻa a ʻoluʻolu, akā he mea liʻiliʻi ke ʻike i nā loea, ka nui o ka nocturnal, e holo ana i nā arachnids hune, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kā lākou ikaika ikaika ʻelua-kaina chelicerae apeta. maikaʻi wikiwiki. Hāʻawi lākou i ka ono o kēlā me kēia nui o nā arachnids i nā ʻōlelo o ka nui o nā ʻohana, ka moʻomeheu, a me nā ʻano.

ʻO Salpugs kahi pana arachnid paʻakikī e noho ana ma nā wahi neoneo o ka honua holoʻokoʻa (kokoke ma kēlā me kēia wahi, me ka ʻike ʻole o ʻAmelika a me Antarctica). Ua manaʻo ʻia aia ma kahi o 1,100 mau mea kanu, ʻo ka hapa nui ʻaʻole i aʻo ʻia. ʻO kēia ʻāpana ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā holoholona i ka hihiu he paʻakikī nui lākou e nānā, a hapa hapa ʻole no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke noho lōʻihi i ka lua. ʻO South Africa he momona salupug fauna i hōʻike ʻia e 146 mau ʻano ma nā ʻohana ʻeono. ʻO kēia mau ʻano, he 107 (71%) ka hopena o ʻApelika Hema. ʻO ke ʻano ʻōlima no ka Hema Hema ma 16% o ka honua.

ʻOiai kekahi o kā lākou inoa maʻamau e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka lawaiʻa manu - scorpions wind, solar spiders - nona maoli i kā lākou iho arachnid kauoha, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai nā ʻanike maoli. Hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina e pili pono ana nā holoholona me nā pseudoscorpions, aʻo nā hana ʻē aʻe e pili pū ana i kahi salpug me kahi pūʻulu. ʻAʻole mālama i nā Salpugs, paʻakikī lākou e mālama i ke pio ʻana, a no laila he kaulana nui lākou i ke kālepa holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, pilikia paha lākou mai ka haumia a me ka luku hoʻokaumaha. I kēia manawa ʻike ʻia ʻo 24 mau ʻano mea liʻolima e noho ana i nā paka kūloko.

Solpuga - He ʻīlio hakakā nui kēia pō, ʻike ʻia i ka mea kamela spider a i ʻole ka spider sun, i ʻike ʻia e kā lākou chelicera nui. Loaʻa ka nui loa ia ma nā wahi noho. Nā loli nui i ka nui mai 20 a 70 mm. Aia nā mea he 1100 i hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻano salpugs.

Hoʻaiho

Noho ʻo Solpugs i ke kahakai hema o ka peni Crimean, ka ʻāina Volga o lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Volgograd a me Astrakhan, a me Kalmykia. ʻO ka wahi noho nō ka ʻĀkau Kauleau a me Transcaucasia, nā mea repubics o Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan. ʻO kā lākou maʻamau ma Sepania a me Helene. Hele wale nā ​​Salpugs i loko o ʻA Australiaia a me Antarctica wale nō.

ʻO ka hana o kēia mau holoholona hihiu i ka pōʻeleʻele. I ke ao, mālama ʻo salpugi i lalo o nā pōhaku, i loko o nā pahu o nā rodents a i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. I kekahi manawa ke ʻeli kūwili nei lākou i nā pōpō me ka chelicera, a hoʻolei aku i ka honua ākea me ko lākou mau wāwae. Hiki i ka lua leʻa no ka lōʻihi lōʻihi.

Loaʻa kahi pōkele o Solpug e kahi ʻano kumu. ʻO nā wahi o kā lākou mau pua i helehelena malamalama, nā hale noho a me nā wahi e puni ana i nā kukui poli. ʻO ka hapanui salpugi e like me ka radiation mai nā kukui ultraviolet. Eia naʻe, aia kahi mau mea e leʻaleʻa i ka lā. ʻO kēia ka poʻe o nā lā Spani Spider a me nā Central Asian Raga galeodes heliophilus.

Nā Manuia

Hoʻolālā ʻia ke kauoha e nā ʻohana 13. He aneane kēia a hoʻokahi kaukani ka mea kokoke a me ka 140 genera. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou i koho i nā wahi wao o ka Honua, koe wale nō ʻo Australia.

1. 80 ʻano - nā noho o ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika Hema.
2. 200 ʻano - ka poʻe noho o ʻApelika, ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia.
3. ʻO 40 mau ʻano - ka poʻe noho o ʻApelika Hikina, Greece a me Asia.
4. 16 mau ʻano - ka poʻe noho o ʻApelika Hema, Vietnam a me Indonesia.
5. 200 mauʻu - nā kānaka o ʻApelika a me Iraq.

ʻO ka saltpug maʻamau, a i ʻole Galeodes araneoides, he mea noho o ka ʻEulopa. Kahele nui ʻia i ka Crimea, nā uika hema a me nā Caucasus. Kuhi nui, a ʻelima paha kenimika ka lōʻihi, a me ke ʻano wikiwiki. He lei kala ʻula e waiho nei.

ʻO ka paʻakai Trans-Caspian, a i ʻole Galeodes caspius, ʻo ia nā ʻano like ʻole o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Loaʻa nā lihi i 6.5 kenimika. He hiʻohiʻona ia i kahi kala brownish-ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻulaʻula hina, a me ka hūnā hoʻi i nā kīhāʻeleʻele. ʻO ka paʻakai enaena ʻonaʻulaʻula, a i ʻole Galeodes fumigatus, he mea noho o nā ʻāpana o Turkmenistan. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino - ʻehiku kenimika.

Hoʻomaikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole

ʻAʻole wale ka neʻe i nā alaloa i ka wikiwiki, akā ʻike pū hoʻi i ke ala e piʻi mālie i nā wahi ākea a lele pono i kahi ākea ākea. Hiki i nā ʻano nui ke lanakila i kahi mamao ma mua aʻe o kahi mika ma ka peke. I ka wā e hālāwai ai me kahi ʻenemi, hāpai ʻo ia i kahi kūlana makaʻu loa: hāpai ʻia ke alo i mua o ke kino, a alakaʻi ʻia ka chelicera a me nā ʻaka puʻu i mua. Loaʻa kekahi mau holoholona i kēia manawa ke hana i nā kani kani.

ʻOiai ka mea maoli ʻole ʻōlohelohe o ke kino o ka salpuga, ua hele maoli nā mea kanu maoli āpau a me ka hōʻeha nui.

ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea liʻiliʻi o ka salpuga a me nā mea ʻōpio ke hoʻopili i ka ʻili o ke kanaka. Akā, uaʻoki pinepine nā pākia ma o ka ʻili o nā kino, ʻaʻole nā ​​holoholona wale nō.

Mai nā mea huna o nā ʻōpala lāʻau, ua aʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema e hōʻemi i ka waiʻona formic, ʻo ia kahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kū'ē i ka rheumatism, arthritis, tuberculosis, etc. E heluhelu i ka wehewehe piha ʻana o kēia mea inikona i ka ʻatikala.

Ke nele i ka meaʻai, hiki i nā argas mites ka parasitize i nā kānaka. No ke aha e pōʻino ai kēia mau mea hihiu, e heluhelu i ka loulou https://stopvreditel.ru/parazity/zhivotnyx/argasovyj-klesh.html.

ʻO nā hopena o kahi kulu a me nā mea hoʻohālike

ʻOiai ke kaumaha nui loa o nā kuʻekuʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kēia mau arachnids nā lohu ʻona. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, nā hāʻule me lākou e hana me kahi hopena ʻole. I nā pilikia pinepine, ulu ka ulu ʻana. ʻO kēia pili i ka hele ʻana ma ka chelicera o ke ʻili o nā mea i hala. I ka wā e kope ai, hāʻule nā ​​koena i ka ʻeha a hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻano arachnoses.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha ʻana iā ʻoe iho, e hoʻohana ana i nā analgesics, a i ʻole āu e launa aku i kahi keʻena olakino.

I kekahi hihia, pono ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka ʻeha me kahi disinfectant.

ʻO ka hana, pono ʻoe e hoʻopili i kahi pāpale me kahi gel a iʻa aila, i loaʻa ka antibiotic. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka hae ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i ka ho'ōla ʻana.