ʻAno a me ke ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia he nui-rahi (ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea he nui ka pōmaikaʻi), aʻo ka nui o nā falcon i kū i ka hale ikaika, pālahalaha loa a lōʻihi hoʻi nā ʻaukā, me nā “trousers” hoʻomohala ʻia ma ka shin. ʻO 48cm ka lōʻihi o ke kino, he 0.8-1,3 kg ka lōʻihi o nā kāne, ʻo 1.4 femkeka ka nui, ʻo nā ʻōpio he 110-1-160 cm. Noho ma luna o nā wahi kiʻekiʻe i ka tundra.

ʻO keʻano. ^ E Ha yM. Ka manaʻu o ka plumage o ka manu makua ma waena o ke smoky hina, me kahi kaila maʻamau o nā pua a transverse a i nā pua pana ma luna, me nā puhaka i nā pua a i ʻole nā ​​pua i nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻōpala i hoʻomohala i kahi papa māmā mai lalo iho, i ka keʻokeʻo maʻa keʻokeʻo, me kahi pua ʻōnika maʻamau. kālai ka ʻū ʻana ma ke kua ʻEleʻele a ʻeleʻele nā ​​kukui i ka hina, a me ka waihoʻoluʻu keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo. ʻAʻeleʻele ke anana, ka hiapo a ka orbital, ke aniani a me nā ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻole o nā wāwae i ʻāpana.

ʻO ka ʻōpiopio ka ʻeleʻele a me ke kaʻe ʻulaʻula, ma ka ʻaoʻao, aia nā mānoanoa, ʻeleʻele, ka nui o ka ʻākā ka lōʻihi, he "mustache" ma nā pāpālina i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. I loko o ke kaila keʻokeʻo, ʻokoʻa ka ʻano o ka manu ʻōpio i ka plumage o nā pākeke i ka longitudinal wale nō, a ʻaʻole hoʻi ka panu, ka ʻu a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano lau e like me kaardrop ma ke kino a me nā ʻēheu. ʻO nā apo orbital, waxen, undecorated nā wāwae o ka ʻoniʻula-hina. Ma kahi manu lele lele, ākea nā ʻēheu, elongated ka ʻili, me nā kaula transverse pinepine; i nā manu o ka morph keʻokeʻo, hiki ke hele mālie lākou. Ma ke kala, ka nui a me ka pae, kahi manu e noho ana a lele ʻole me kahi lele lele e hiki ke pupuni me kahi goshawk.

ʻOkoʻa ka gyrfalcon mai ia me nā ʻēheu i ʻoi aku, ke kahe ʻana o kahi maka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula ʻulae (mau maka) mau ʻia, emi ʻole ke ʻano maʻamau o nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ma lalo o ke kino. Lā ka ʻokoʻa i ka burcon peregrine i nā makahiki a pau me ka nui o ka nui, ka ʻike ʻole ʻana o nā pōpōʻeleʻele a me kahi "misaki" ma lalo o ka maka, e hoʻohālikelike ai me nā pūhina māmā, nā ʻihi hoʻi ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka piko, me kahi huelo elongated Hōʻalo ka puʻu ʻana me nā lulu lohi, ʻaʻole palau. ʻOkoʻa nā ka saker ma o ka waiho ʻole ʻana o nā mea brownish a me nā ʻoka ʻōʻihi i ka plumage, me nā mea i hōʻike ʻia i nā kālai weliweli ma ka huelo, ʻokoʻa ka manu ʻōpio i kēlā me kēia nui o ka nui a me ka ʻoi aku.

Manaʻo. ^ E Ha yM. Hoohoihoi kahooho "keyek-keyek-keyek. "Kuhi pinepine ʻia me ka hopohopo ma ka pūnana. Kūmole

Ke Kūlana ʻokoʻa. ^ E Ha yM. 'O ka' aʻulepao he circumpolar, ka noho 'ana i ka tundra, forest-tundra, keka'ākau ʻākau, nā kahakai kai ma ka ʻākau o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika; i ka hoʻoilo, ka hapanui o nā manu (ka hapa ʻōpio) holo i ka hema - mai ka nahele-tundra a i ka nahele-steppe, noho mau kekahi ma nā wahi huna. He kupaianaha nō ia, ua komo ʻia ma loko o ka Red Book o Rūsia, ma kāna ʻāpana ʻĀina ʻaʻole he 50 o nā huina i ola. He manuʻīa ka ʻeleʻele manu ʻulaʻula ma ko mākou ʻāina. Ke hoʻomau nei ka helu, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka hopu mau ʻana i nā neʻe ʻana a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā pua hani no ka falconry (ʻo Gyrfalcon ka manu mālama manu nui).

Ke noho maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. Kūkulu ʻia ka meaʻai ma ke keʻena a me nā tundra, a ua ʻai ʻia kekahi i nā manu ʻē aʻe, lemmings, hares. Kupu ai keia i ka lewa a me ka lewa. Hiki i ka hānai ma ke kalai, ke komo i loko o nā pahele. Mālama ʻia nā panalāʻau o nā pānahele mau i nā makahiki he nui. Paʻi ʻo ia i ke kō, i ka hoʻoilo, ma loko o nā pali, nā pali kahakai, noho i nā nests o nā mea wānana a me nā manu hū ma luna o nā lāʻau a i nā hale kiaʻi geodetic (i kekahi manawa e hoʻonui ana iā lākou).

I loko o nā lima e loaʻa nā hua he 2–4 (a hiki i ka 7), maʻa o nā mea ʻole ʻole, akā ke keʻokeʻo me nā ʻalā pua. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i nā lā 28-30 mau lā, lawe ke kāne i kāna mea pio, a i kekahi manawa ke hoʻololi pono iā ia no ka manawa pōkole. He keʻokeʻo ka keʻokeʻo huluhulu mua o nā moa, a ʻo ka lua ka hina. Ma ka papa hū, ua ʻoi aku ka puki, e hoʻokuʻu ikaika i nā ʻenemi. Mālama ʻia nā ʻuʻu Gyrfalcon mai nā mea hoʻoilina ʻāina a me nā ʻākena a me nā manu ʻē aʻe e kūleʻa ana.

Hiki i nā neʻe ʻana ma hope o ka lele ʻana i ka hema a me ke kūkulu ʻākau o nā wahi e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana, e pili ana ke kuhikuhi o ka neʻe i ka hele ʻana o nā wahi o ka neʻe ʻana o nā partridges keʻokeʻo. Ma ka wā o ka hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo hoʻoilo e pili pono ana e wehe a me ka biotopes mosaic. Loaʻa ka huluhulu hope loa i ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki.

Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona

ʻO ka nui loa o nā falcons. ʻO ka nui o ke kāne ma mua o 1 kg, a ʻo ka wahine hoʻi a hiki i 2 kg. Ke kukui o ka siberian gyrfalcon he māmā (ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ka Lapland gyrfalcon), akā he ʻano: mai ka brownish-hina i ka ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo ma luna, ʻonanui ka ʻaoʻao ventral me ke ʻano ʻulaʻula. ʻO ke kaula keʻokeʻo ma ka waha i ʻokiʻoki ("mustache") aneane ʻike ʻole. Ma ka beak, e like me nā papa āpau, kahi niho niho. ʻUni nā pala. Hikiwawe ka lele He like nō ka gyrfalcon me kahi falcon peregrine, akā ʻoi aku ka nui a ua loaʻa kekahi huelo lōʻihi. Ua like pū ka leo me ka leo o kahi falcon, akā he ʻoi, a ma lalo: hojse "kyak-kyak-kyak" a lōʻihi "kek-kek-kek". I ka pūnāwai hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi ʻilahi kūlohelohe a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi. ʻO nā subspecies mauna hema - nā Altai gyrfalcon, kahi nui i ʻike ʻia e nā loea i nā subspecies a i ʻole morph o ke Saker Falcon - i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ʻokoʻa.

I ka lele, lele nā ​​ʻēheu lōʻihi, ke holo koke nei ka lele, ma hope o kekahi mau lele e holo koke i ka manu, ʻaʻole ia e lulu. Noho ʻia ka gyrfalcon maʻa mau. Ma kahi mamao, ʻike nui ka piko, pihi ke ʻeleʻele ma luna (ʻōpio), ʻeleʻele ma luna a ma lalo (ʻōpio). ʻO ka leo "kyak-kyak-kyak" ko "keeek-keeek-kseek" he ʻano o ka uwē ʻana o ka huapo, akā he coerer a haʻahaʻa ia. I ka manawa moe, ua hoʻokuʻi ke gyrfalc i kahi keʻena kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

Kālā

ʻO ka ʻĀpana Arctic a me subarctic o ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, kahi pāʻālua hoʻokaʻawale kahi i loaʻa i Altai, Sayan, ke kikowaena (paha hikina) Tien Shan. Aia ka pae ʻākau loa ma Greenland ma 82 ° 15 's. w lu. a me 83 ° 45 ', ka ʻaoʻao hema, koe wale nō nā subspecies mauna-ʻAkia - waena o Scandinavia, nā Commander Islands (Bering Island, he 55 ° N). I ke kau anuanu, hiki i kahi o 60 ° C. w lu. i loko. ʻAmelika, ʻAsia, ʻEulopa, kēlā me kēia hema.

Mea ʻai

ʻO nā kiʻi hānai o nā gyrfalcon he mau manu liʻiliʻi nui, a me nā mammals ma kahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā o ka gyrfalcon no ka meaʻai ua like me 200 g. ʻO nā kahe gyrfalcon a ʻai kai i ka mea i wahi ma kahi o ka pā a me ka hoʻoilo. Eia ke koena ʻo ka ʻai, a me nā hiʻi o nā iwi, nā hulu a me nā hulu. Inā liʻiliʻi nā moa, hopu nā kāne i mau ʻai na lākou, a palu ʻo ka wahine a ʻulu a waimaka i kona poʻo a me nā ʻūhā. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia i waho o ka nini, no laila, ʻaʻohe hulu o ka manu.
Hoʻokahi ka gyrfalcon i ka mea i pio i ka falconry, lele e lele aku ana mai luna aʻe a e piʻi ana i nā ʻēheu, hopu i kona mau wāwae. Pā nui manu e lele manu. Kills i ka mea i hopu ʻia e ka lāʻau, ua ʻāʻā i kona lei a i ʻole ke poʻo. Ma waho o ka manawa hoʻoulu ʻia, nā gyrfalcons o hoʻokahi pālua, e like me nā falcons ʻē aʻe, e ʻeleʻawale me ka neʻe, akā ʻike mau ʻia i loko o kahi kuʻuna pili. . ^ E Ha yM.

ʻAno hānau

Hoʻopaka ʻo Gyrfalcons mai ka makahiki o ke ola o ke ola. Pili mau nā kāne.
Ma ka maʻamau ʻo lākou ʻaʻole lākou e kūkulu i nā mea hiu. Aia nā nū ma luna o nā pōhaku, ma nā crevices a i ʻole niches, ka hapa pinepine i nā cornices i uhi ʻia i ka ledge a i ʻole canopy, akā i kekahi manawa ma nā kīwaha hāmama. Ka waha loa ka lei, me kahi lihi liʻiliʻi o ka moss, ka hulu, ka mauʻu maloʻo. ʻO ka laulā maʻamau e pili ana i 1 m ka lōʻihi a me 0.5 m ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā gyrfalcons, ma ke kānāwai, noho i ka pūnana hoʻokahi no nā makahiki he nui a he mau makahiki paha (no ka ʻĀrani ʻEulopa, aia kekahi mau hihia i loko o ia pūnana hoʻokahi, nā hiona huna mai ka kenekulia 17 a hiki i kēia lā).
ʻO ka nui o nā hua he 3-4.
Mai ka hopena o Iulai a i ʻAukake e neʻe aku ana ka ʻōpio mai nā wahi huna. Hoʻopili nā kōpī iā ʻAukake a me Kepakemapa.

Ke kaupalena nei i nā mea kumu

E pau nā Gyrfalcons mai ka puʻe ʻana, a i ka ʻĀkau nui hoʻi i nā pahele, no ka lawaiʻa a hiki i ka lawaiʻa o Arctic: i nā mākaʻi ʻo Taimyr no nā alopalopika mea paʻa a paʻa, ma nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā ʻōpala. Inā ʻaʻole lākou e lako me nā pale o ke kaʻaka, ʻo nā gyrfalcons e hele i ka tundra i ka hāʻule, e hoʻohana iā lākou no ka hoʻouka ʻana, hāʻule i loko o kahi mau a i make. Ma kahi mau wahi e hānai ʻia ai ma Western Taimyr me ka huina o 2000 km² ma Nowemapa-December 1980-1981. ʻO 12 mau papa i make i nā pahele arctic

He huhū Gyrfalcon

I nā makahiki waena, ua manaʻo nui ʻo Krechets he mau manu e hopu ana ma luna o ka falconry (e ʻike i nā Falcons) a mai Tenena hoʻi kekahi moku kūikawā i hoʻouna ʻia e ke aupuni iā ​​Iceland i kēlā me kēia makahiki no K.

Ke lawelawe nei nā gyrfalcons i nā manu hānai holoholona, ​​i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke keʻokeʻo K. (Falco candicans, groenlandicus) - ka maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa, ʻo Icelandic K. (F. Islandicus), ʻĀlani a maʻamau paha ("hina") K. (F. hyrfalco) a me ʻulaʻula. (F. sacer) - aloha nui kēia ma Bukhara, Khiva, nā Kpeke hele wāwae, Algeria, Persa a me India, a ma mua no hoʻi ʻo Farani, ʻEnelani a me ka loaʻa o Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, no kēia mau mined lākou i ke kai ʻo Arkhangelsk. a ma Siberia. No nā manu manu ka manu haut-vol (haut-vol) a i hoʻoluliluli ʻia, e kiola ʻia - "kāʻili" ia mai luna mai, e ʻāʻī ana iā ia me nā puʻupuʻu a lawe wale aku me ia me nā mea ikaika o ka hopena.ʻaʻole kumu i kuhikuhi ʻia 1212 mau lā] .

Ara parrot

Hōʻike manu

ʻO Gyrfalcon kahi falcon nui me nā ʻēheu o 120 a 135 cm, ʻo ke kino o ka manu e 55 i 60 cm. Na ke kaupaona ʻo Males ma kahi o 1 kg, aʻo nā wahine nui aʻe i kēlā me ka nui a hiki i ka 1.5-2 kg i ke paona. Koi nui ke kino o ka manu, ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā ʻēheu, lōʻihi, a ʻo ka huelo hoʻi ka lōʻihi.

ʻO ka poli o ka gyrfalcons o ke kolamu o ka māhele ʻana ʻākau, he māmā, ma ke kua mai ke aniani-hina-hina a kokoke i keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū me kahi ʻano pōkole. Aia kahi kaula ākea i ke ʻano o ka "mustache" aia kokoke i ka waha. Kuhi ʻia ke ʻano o ka popcons. Kōleʻele nā ​​wāwae. Kūkulu ʻia nā subspecies hema ma kahi ʻeleʻele a me nā kala ʻona.

Polo koke ka gyrfalcon, ʻaʻole hiki i ka nui o ka lewa, a ma hope o ka haki ʻana o kona mau eheu e hoʻomaka koke ai. Ke noho pololei gyrfalcon.

He mau hiʻohiʻona meaʻai gyrfalcon

ʻO ke kumu nui, ʻo kā gyrfalcons e hānai i nā manu ʻōwili, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mammals i kā lākou meaʻai. I kēlā me kēia lā, ʻai ʻo ka mea hānai manu e pili ana i ka 200 g o nā meaʻai ola. E ʻānai ana a ʻai i ka mea i make, ʻo ka gyrfalcon mau i nā wahi ma kahi kokoke i ka pūlea a i ka hoʻoilo paha. Eia ʻoe hiki ke ʻike i ke koena o kāna meaʻai, nā iwi, nā hulu, nā hulu. Akā ma ka pūnana i ka gyrfalcon ka manawa maʻemaʻe - ʻo ka mea pio i lawe ʻia e ke kāne no nā moa, nā ʻāpana wahine a me nā waimaka i kona mau wāwae a me ke poʻo ma waho o ka pūnana.

Holoi ʻo Gyrfalcon e like me nā hana āpau e hana. Lele ke manu i ka waiwai, kau i kona eheu a hopu i ka mea i hoʻopake ʻia me kāna mau wāwae. Kills i ka manu i loaʻa i ka gyrfalcon manu me kāna kui, uaʻā i kona ʻāʻī a poʻo paha ke poʻo. Hopu nui ʻo Gyrfalcon i nā manu lele lele.

Ma waho o ka manawa hana nui, ʻimi nā poʻe gyrfalcons i hoʻokahi manawa, e like me nā mea āpau a pau, akā hoʻomau e noho kokoke i ko lākou hoa.

ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o gyrfalcon

Hoʻokahi nā gyrfalcons i hoʻokahi ʻano ʻohana i ka ʻohana falcon, aia kekahi mau subspecies e hilinaʻi nei i ke ʻano o ke ʻano plumage a me kahi noho.

• gyrfalcons keʻokeʻo (Falco candicans, groenlandicus), kahi mea i manaʻo ʻia he mea maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa,
• Nā ʻāpana Island Island (Falco islandicus),
• ʻO nā poʻo hina a i ʻole nā ​​mea hina hina (Falco hyrfalco),
• gyrfalcons ʻulaʻula (Falco sua).

ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i ka manu

• Ma Kievan Rus a me ka moku'āina o Moscow, ʻo gyrfalcons kekahi o nā huahana nui loa. ʻO nā gyrfal White keʻokeʻo ia i hoʻoili ʻia e nā aliʻi a i ʻole sultans. I loko o ka falconry, hopu ʻia nā gyrfalcons ma mua o nā mea ola manu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou e hopu i ka cranes a me nā mea mikala, ʻoiai ma ka hihiu, ʻaʻole make lākou i ka gyrfalcons. Ma ka Middle Ages, e hoʻomau ana ka moʻomeheu o ka hopu me ka gyrfalcons, no ka laʻana, ua hoʻouna aku ke aupuni Tenani i kahi moku kūikawā i Iceland i kēlā me kēia makahiki no ka huki manu gyrfalcons.
• Ma Lūkini i kēia lā, hopu i nā gyrfalcons, kahi e hoʻouna ʻia ai i kahi ʻē, kahi e kūʻai ʻia ai kekahi manu me he $ 30,000 a keu paha, e hoʻomau mau ana i ka kaulana.
• I kēia lā, make pinepine nā gyrfalcons mai nā mākaʻi e ʻimi nei iā lākou, a ma ka ʻākau, ua hāʻule pinepine nā manu i nā mauhe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka Arctic fox.
• Holo mālie ka gyrfalcon i kona mau ʻēheu me ka emi iki o ka hopena, no ka laʻana, he falcon kuahiwi, akā i ka wā e lele ai ka manu i hiki ke holo wikiwiki loa.
• Mahalo mau ʻo Sokolniki i ka nani o nā hauʻoni manu keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo e noho ana i nā kapakai o Greenland. I ka manawa hoʻokahi o ka Duke o Burgundy, e ho'ōla i kāna keiki mai ka pio pio ʻana, ua hāʻawi iā 12 i nā gyrfalcons keʻokeʻo.