ʻO ka burbot he elongated a me ke kino haʻahaʻa, i ke kua ikaika ikaika i loko o nā ʻaoʻao, i mua o ka maka i ka pinepine i kahi - kūʻai. Nui ka waha, aia ka pili i ka kui, a ʻelua pū kekahi ʻoni ma luna o ka iwi āua. Nele nā maka, kīleʻa ke poʻo. ʻOkoʻa ke kala ʻala o ka burbot, maʻa mau ʻia nā polūʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele. Me ka nui o nā makahiki, he kukui nā burbot. Aia nā ʻeleʻele lahilahi i nā ʻaoʻao, hiki ke ʻokoʻa hoʻi ko lākou nui a me ko lākou ʻano. He māmā ka loko, e like me ka ʻōpū.
Ke hilinaʻi nei ke kala o ka burbot i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka wai (ka ʻokoʻa, ka hoʻomālamalama), ka ʻoni a me ke ʻano o ka lepo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i emi iki ʻole. ʻO kekahi kūlana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokahuli i ka burbot me ka iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa ia i nā mea āpau.
He laulā loa ka hale a puni - nā mea āpau kēia ma ka ʻākau, he 40 ʻākau. Noho ka aneane a puni ka ʻāina āpau o Eurasia, i loaʻa ma Alaska. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka palena hema o ka burbot, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, e pili ana kēia i nā ʻano ʻano o kona nohona, kahi a mākou e kamaʻilio ai ma lalo iho.
He ʻelua pōkole ʻo Burbot: pōkole ka mua, ua lōʻihi ka hope, hiki i ka hapalua ke lōʻihi o ke kino o ka iʻa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka anal fin a lōʻihi a aneane symmetrical i ka dorsal. He ʻāpana a puni ke kīwē caudal.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
ʻO Burbot kekahi o ka iʻa nui loa i ka ʻohana cod. Kau mau tausani nā lawaiʻa e kali i nā wint i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻomaka i kahi ʻimi malū. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻokoʻa ka iʻa me kona ʻokoʻa a me kona paona, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka lehulehu kiʻi burbot, ʻaʻole kūʻai ʻole kāna ʻiʻo, e hāʻawi ana i ka poʻe lawaiʻa i kahi manawa kūpono e loaʻa ai ke kālā maikaʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka heiʻa Burbot he kino kona olakino oloko ole a me ka palaka, a ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka nui a me ka hoʻohanohano o nā ʻōpū i kēlā me kēia kanaka he kūikawā a ʻaʻole hoʻi e haʻi hou. I mua, i ka lohi ʻia ke kino a piliki, a i hope ke ikaika ikaika ana ia.
Hāʻawi kēia iā ʻoe e hoʻokō i ka pale ʻana o ka wai i ka neʻe wikiwiki, a hiki i ka burbot ka manuahi manuahi a hiki i ka kahe e hiki mai ana a me ka peʻe hūnā i nā mea hoʻomoe i nā pōhaku a me nā mea nui.
Kūpono ka poʻo o ka burbot me kahi haʻahaʻa. Ua nui ka waha. ʻO kēia no ka mea o ka pākeke e ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻAe nā niho Chitinous i ka ʻai ʻeke ma mua o ke kai ʻana.
Hoʻololi ʻo Chitin antennae i ʻokoʻa kino o nā paʻi. ʻElua pōkole a hoʻokahi paha: aia ʻekolu a ma ke alo o ke poʻo. ʻAe kēia iā lākou e holo i keʻele, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻole. Eia kekahi, loaʻa ka nui o ka maka liʻiliʻi o nā pākeke a no laila, ʻo kēia ʻano o ka iʻa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole i ka hiki ke ʻike.
Burbot - He iʻa kēia e noho kūʻokoʻa i ka wai wai. Ma ke ala, ʻo kēia wale nō ka iʻa o ka ʻohana cod i loaʻa kēia waiwai, no laila piʻipiʻi i nā manawa pinepine ʻike ʻia i loko mau muliwai. ^ E Ha yM. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka burbot i kēlā me kēia kino wai: pono e maʻemaʻe ka wai, maʻalahi a hoʻomāliʻi mau.
E lilo hoʻi ka pālapa lalo i ka pilikia i ke ola a me ka hana hou ʻana o ka burbot: pono e ke one, ke kō a me ka ʻōpala a me nā mea hou o ke alo o ke kanaka.
ʻO ka meaʻai Burbot a me ke kūlana
He ʻokoʻa ka hana ʻana o Burbot i ka makahiki hoʻokahi. Kālike ka mea hana i ke kō o ka wai a me kona wahi. No ka laʻana, inā he wela ka kauwela, a he ʻoluʻolu loa ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kali no ka pau ʻana i kēia makahiki.
I lalo o nā kūlana kūpono ʻole, hiki i ka burbot ka mālamalama a hiki i ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai i ka manawa o kēlā mea hanohano, e hoʻomau ka burbot, akā, ʻaʻole ia e like me ka mea i ka manawa nui o ke ola.
E like me kāu e manaʻo ai, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau ka lōʻihi o ka manawa ikaika ma mua o ke koena. Lohi loa ka manawa o ka hānai ʻana, no laila e ulu wikiwiki lākou ma ke kūkulu ʻākau a hoʻonui hou i ka ikaika.
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana ma ka burbot i ka mahana ʻana o ka wai ma lalo o ʻumi mau kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, no laila, ka hana nui loa piʻipiʻi hōʻike i ka hoʻoilo. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma muli o ke kahe ʻana hou o ka ʻai, ʻo ka pōloli ka nui ma mua o ka hele ʻana, a hele ʻo burbot i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Ma waho aʻe hoʻi, i ka wela ka mea e noho ai ka iʻa ma lalo a ke kali nei no ka manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a ma kahi mahana wai e kokoke ana he 30 degere, make loa ia.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Hoʻokahi makahiki ka ola o ka burbot. ʻO nā makahiki liʻiliʻi o ka hānai ola e hānai nui i ka pīkī, plankton liʻiliʻi a me nā mea maʻalahi aku o ka wai maʻalahi.
A laila e hoʻomaka i kahi hoʻololi hala ʻana i kahi papa iʻa. I ka manawa like, lawe ʻia ka hopu ʻia i ka manawa pinepine i ka pō, e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻoikaika maikaʻi i nā iʻa me nā kani a me nā mauʻu.
ʻO ke kumulāʻau, hoʻoulu nā burbot i ka maʻamau ʻelua a ʻelima mau manawa i ko lākou ola. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā makahiki hoʻomaka o ka hiki ke hānau hou ke ʻano a me ka mea e hilinaʻi ai ma nā wahi o ka noho mua ʻana a mai nā makahiki 2 a 8 paha. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia aia ka pili pololei ma waena o kahi o ka ʻāina a me ka makahiki o ka wā pahulu: ʻo ka ʻākau o ka noho, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kēia wā.
Lawa ʻo Burbot Aia a ʻeono mau mahina a hala aku paha ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana o ka wai ma ka liʻiliʻi a kokoke i 0 degere, no laila eʻoi aku ana ka hopu i nā kīwila i nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina. Hoʻolilo i ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi me ka wai maemae e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā one maemae a nui nā pōhaku a ma lalo o ka pebble.
Nā lawaiʻa Burbot
Mālama ka huluhulu burbot i ka like me ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela. E pili ana, pehea e hopu ai i ka burbot, ʻike maopopo nā lawaiʻa akamai: pono ʻoe e ʻike i nā wahi i makemake ʻia e hopu ai i kēia iʻa. A laila, e like me lākou, e hele pinepine nā biting, me ka mea e pili ana i ka ʻano o ka maunu a me nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia. Aia kekahi ʻōlapa āpau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea lawaiʻa a me ka baubles, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka lanakila o ka kūleʻa.
Hoʻomaopopo i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka burbot, lawa wale nō e huki wale i kekahi mau manaʻo e kōkua ai i ka lawaiʻa e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻano o ka lawaiʻa no kēia kaʻa. ʻO ka wili mua - hopu i ka wā ke anu.
E like me ka ʻike ʻana, ʻike ka poʻe i ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka pōloli nui loa mai ʻOkakopa a hiki i Mei. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā ʻāina ʻākau, kahi i ke kauwela e piʻi pinepine ai ka mahana ma lalo o ka makee, a i ka Iulai hoʻi ke loaʻa kahi manawa nui.
ʻO ka wā kūpono i ke ao he pō. Inā hoʻomaka ʻoe i ka lawaiʻa me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pouli, ke hele mai ka hoʻoluʻu a kū ʻole ke walaina o kēlā me kēia lā, e puka ka iʻa mai ka hale mai no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka ʻai ʻana i ka mauʻu ma kahi ʻano. Hoʻomau ʻia ka papa kiʻekiʻe o ka hana a hiki i ka 5 kakahiaka aʻe, a laila pono e oki ʻia ka lawaiʻa.
ʻO kahi manawa nui hoʻi nā lilo kūpono kūpono o nā lako pono e pono ai. I ke kauwela, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aho lawaiʻa i lalo ka mea i kaulana loa i waena o nā lawaiʻa. Akā, pinepine pinepine lawaiʻa puke ke hele ʻana a ʻōlapa ʻole.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i ka burbot i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo.
Makemake ʻo burbot e lawaiʻa i ka lawaiʻa ola, akā inā pono ia e huki i nā poʻe ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pala a i ʻole ka wīwī e like me ka pain. Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka maunu e ola ai he mormyshka a i ʻole nā mea ʻona. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ia ke hoʻohālikelike i ka maunu ola e like me ka hiki ke hana a kani leo ʻole.
ʻO ka lawaiʻa o ka hoʻoilo ka mea nui a me ka maikaʻi loa o ka lawaiʻa ʻana. Inā ke kauwela i kona manawa hele mai ka waʻa (ʻoiai ka hoʻohana ʻia o nā mea hoʻohana), a laila hooilo hooilo hopu ʻia lākou i ka maunu ola, ma loko o nā lua i kahiki mua i ka hau.
E like me nā mea lawaiʻa e hoʻohana ai i nā lāʻau lawaiʻa kai a i ʻole nā mea hao. Mai nāʻaoʻao o ka burbot, hiki iā ʻoe ke huki i ka kakā a i ʻole ka mālamalama kukui mai kahi kukui maoli. I ke kauwela, hiki ke kūkulu pū ʻia kahi mea lei no kēia mau kumu.
Kumukūʻai Burbot
Pono ka wahi o ka burbot i ka nui o nā mea nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi kūlana kūpono no ke ola o kēia iʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ka maʻemaʻe o ka lalo ma kahi āpau e waiho nui i kahi makemake nui.
No laila, ʻo kēia manawa, hōʻike maopopo nā helu helu i ka emi ʻana o ka poʻe burbot i Lūkia e mau manawa. Hōʻike kēia i ka burbot ma ke ʻano he meaʻai a me ka mea hoʻomākeʻa mea nui i nā kīʻaha iʻa he nui e lilo ana i huahana a nāwaliwali o ka huahana.
ʻO ka lau Burbot i waiwai nui a he kumu ia i nā nui o nā huaora. Pehea e kuke ai i ka burbot He kūpono kēlā, ʻike wale nō ka poʻe koki loea. Burbotanaua i ka umu - ʻO kēia kekahi o nā papa ʻaina maikaʻi loa i nā hale ʻaina. ʻOiai no ka mea kūʻai mea kūʻai mai, hoʻokahi kilokilo he $ 800 o nā rubles.
ʻO ka pīhoihoi maoli kālai Burbot. ʻO kēia huahana he mea leʻaleʻa maikaʻi loa a mahalo nui ʻia e ka poʻe aloha i nā iʻa iʻa. Kuhi ʻia ka ʻōpū Burbot i nā paʻale liʻiliʻi i nā aila kūikawā a mālama mau ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana kūikawā.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ia huahana like ma ka awelika i ʻehiku mau manawa iʻoi aku ma mua o ka burbot iho a kū i kēia manawa ma kahi o 1,000 rubles i hoʻokahi pahu.
ʻO ia ke kumu o ke kaulana kaulana o ka lawaiʻa burbot i Lūkia a me waho. He kūleʻa mau ka kūʻai ʻana o kēlā mau iʻa, a me ka loaʻa ʻana i ka hopu maikaʻi ʻia, ʻo ka nui i loaʻa i nā iʻa āpau i hopu pinepine ʻia ma mua o ka uku makahiki o ka uku maʻamau o ka Lūkini.
ʻO ka mea nui ke koho i ka manawa kūpono a me ka ʻenehana lawaiʻa, a laila lawaiʻa puke e kūleʻa ana ka lanakila, a e pōmaikaʻi ka lawaiʻa.
ʻĀpana Burbot
Hoʻohana wale ʻia kēia iʻa i ka wai anuanu, lele ka maʻamau i ka lā Dekemaba, Ianuali a Pepeluali paha. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka wā o ka hoʻoilo ke hele mai ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ka burbot. He kahakaha kēia e alakaʻi i kahi nohona nocturnal a makemake paha i ka huli ʻana ma ka hohonu. Ua hoʻomaha wale ia i ka wai, ʻo ka mahana wela ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ma mua o 12 degrees Celsius. Ke komo ka wai, ikaika nui loa ka burbot a ʻo kona ʻano ke like me ka moʻo. No laila ʻaʻole ia e ʻai no kekahi mau pule.
ʻAʻole he manu o Burbot ka iʻa, akā he liʻiliʻi wale nō kanaka e noho ma kahi hoʻokahi. Eia naʻe, makemake nā ʻōkuhi nui i ka nohona kū hoʻokahi.
I ke kauwela, e ʻimi nei ka burbot i nā lua a e hūnā ana paha i nā lua, e aloha ana i nā wahi i loaʻa ai nā kī anu. ʻAno hoʻopau i ka ʻai ʻana i ke ʻano wela loa, ma nā ao ʻino a me ke anu ke ʻimi nei i ka ʻai, akā wale nō ka pō. ʻAʻole makemake kēia iʻa i ka māmā, no laila ʻo ka pō ʻula ma luna ʻole ke ʻano ʻoluʻolu ʻole ʻia.
ʻImi ʻo Burbot i ka mea pio me ke kōkua o ke hoʻopā, hoʻolohe ʻana a me ka ʻala ʻana, ʻaʻole pono e hilinaʻi i nā maka. ʻO ka meaʻai maʻamau ka iʻa e noho ana ma lalo, he mau ruffs a me nā gudgeons. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i kā lākou ʻōpiopio. E ʻai iki ʻo ia i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe me ka hoʻoilo, akā i ka hoʻoilo, ke kūpaʻa mākou i kāna "ʻano" maikaʻi, hiki i ka iʻa nui a me ka ikaika ke lilo i mea waiwai.
ʻO ka hana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka burbot
E like me kā mākou i kākau ai ma luna, e kolamu mākou iā Dekemaba, Ianuali, a i kekahi manawa i Pepeluali. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka wā spawning, akā naʻe hiki ke hopu i nā burbots immature e hoʻopau i ka ʻai ʻana. Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke kahu i hoʻokahi miliona hua, spawning maʻamau i loko o ka wai pāpaku. Inā mahana ka hoʻoilo, a laila hiki ke lele i nā lōlani no 30 mau lā, i loko o nā haki koʻikoʻi.
Wahi a nā helu helu, ma ke kikoʻane i loaʻa nā hūnā mahele wale nō o ka 0.5 pakeneka o kahi pāʻani. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei lākou, ma ke kauwela a hiki lākou i ka 10 sentimita. Ke hilinaʻi nui nei ka ulu ulu o ka burbot i nā kūlana i noho ai ia, akā maopopo ke ʻano wikiwiki loa lākou i nā kino wai ʻākau. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, hiki i ka burbot ke kiʻi i ka paona 30 kilograms a ʻoi aku paha ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma mua o 1 mika.
I ka awelika, i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, kahi burbot i hiki iā 35 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi a me ka lehulehu o ka nui o 600 gr. I ka makahiki ʻelima, hiki iā ia ka lōʻihi o 50 kenimika a ke kaupaona nei a hiki i 1.6 kg ma ka awelika. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomaʻi mākou i ka piʻi o ka burbot i nā kino wai like ʻole i ka ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ka nui.
Pehea e hopu ai i ka burbot
Hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu hou e pili ana i ka hopu ʻana i ka burbot i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki ma nā ʻatikala o kēia ʻāpana, akā eia mākou e hāʻawi wale i nā ʻōlelo manaʻo maʻamau.
ʻEkolu mau manawa i loko o ka makahiki kahi e ikaika ai kēia iʻa. ʻO ka manawa mua loa mai ʻOkakopa a hiki i ka manuahi, ʻo ka lua mai ka lā Dekemaba a Pepeluali, ʻo ke kolu ka lā Malaki a ʻApelila. Wahi a ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka burbot, ua hopu ʻia lākou i ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo lawaiʻa. ʻO ke kauwela, ke kauwela a me ka pūnāwai ka hopu ʻia ma nā lāʻau lawaiʻa ma lalo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i kēia iʻa ma ke koʻokoʻo o ka iʻa a i ʻole kahi ʻano lawaiʻa lawaiʻa hāneanea ma o ka manawa kūpono ʻole.
Hiki ke hopu ʻia ka burbot liʻiliʻi i ka wīwī; Hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i ka mau lewa hooilo. E pili ana i ke koho ʻana o nā hōkele no nā hoʻoilo no ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa e loaʻa i kēia ʻatikala.
Kahi helu
ʻO Burbot ka mea wale nō o kāna ʻano piʻipiʻino ka subfamily Lotinae. Hoʻokomo ka poʻe noiʻi Lūkini i ka burbot i ka ʻohana piʻipiʻi (Lotidae Bonaparte, 1837).
Manaʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi i nā ʻano monotypic, ʻokoʻa kekahi i nā 2-3 subspecies:
- Lota lota lota (Linnaeus, 1758) - kahi burbot maʻamau e noho ana ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia ma mua o ka muliwai Lena,
- Lota lota leptura (Hubbs et Schultz, 1941) - kahi ʻāpana manuahi ʻili nona ka laima ʻo Siberia mai ke kahawai ʻo Kara a hiki i ka Bering Strait, ke kahakai ʻo Alaskan Arctic ma ka hikina a hiki i ka muliwai Mackenzie,
- Lota lota maculosa (Lesueur, 1817) he subspecies e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hema.
Ka hoʻokūkū ola
ʻOi aku ka ikaika o Burbot i ka wai anuanu. Ke kūlohelohe nei ka hana i ka hoʻoilo o Dekemaba - Pepeluali; ʻo ka lawaiʻa maikaʻi loa e kū mai ana i ka wā o nā lau mai mua mai ke kakahiaka a me ka wanaʻao. E ʻai ia i nā invertebrates a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. ʻAi nā ʻōpio kahiko i nā iʻa ʻōpio o ka i lalo, a me nā baki, nā palake, nā mollusks. E ʻai paha nā holoholona i pau nā holoholona. Loaʻa ia ma zherlitsy, mahalo nui i kahi ruff. Aia kahi noho pahua (noho i loko o nā loko a me nā muliwai liʻiliʻi), a me nā ʻaoʻao semi-pass (ʻo ka laʻana, ka pālaha o ka muliwai Ob).
ʻO nā mahele Sedentary ka liʻiliʻi a me ka tuberous.
Hana nā palapala Semi i nā neʻe holo lōʻihi (ma luna o hoʻokahi tausani mau mile i hoʻokahi makahiki). He nui ka nui (ʻoi aku ka nui o hoʻokahi mika ma ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka paona ma mua o 5-6 kg a ʻo ka makahiki a hiki i 15-24 mau makahiki). ʻAʻole hakina nā wahine i kēlā me kēia makahiki, mokipiki i hoʻokahi mau manawa ʻelua a e hoʻihoʻi i nā waiwai o ke kino. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kāne i komo i ka spawning i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻEulopa ʻEulopa a me nā mokupuni Pelekane
Ma ka ʻāpana o nā mokupuni o Pelekane, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā koena burbot ma nā wahi a pau, akā i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hou ke kiʻi iā burbot i loko o nā kōnaa. ʻO ka hopu hope ʻana o kēia ʻano lāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Kepakemapa 14, 1969 ma ka lalo o ka muliwai ʻo Uzza. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kūlana like ma Belgium, kahi i luku ʻia ai kēia ʻano holoholona i ka makahiki 1970. ae kau ana i ka koina. Ma nā wahi ʻo Kelemania, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka burbot, akā no ka mea i loaʻa i loko o nā muliwai Danube, Ruhr, Elbe, Oder a me Rhine, a ʻo ia hoʻi ma Lake Constance. Ke hoʻomau nei nā papahana hou a Burbot ma Kelemānia a me ka UK.
I nā Netherlands, ʻo ke kumukūʻai ʻo burbot i ka ʻeha i ka hoʻopau ʻana a e emi paha kona lehulehu. Ma kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia kekahi kanaka ma nā kahawai ʻo Bisbosch. , Volkerake a me Krammer, i na loko o IJsselmeer a me Ketelmer. Ma Palani a me Austria, ua kapa ʻia ka burbot he mau ʻōpala ulu wale ʻia, a ʻo nā kānaka kahi ʻona ʻia ʻike ʻia i ka Seine, Loire, Rhone, Maas, Moselle a me kekahi mau loko kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa hoʻi ʻo Burbot ma kekahi mau loko a me nā muliwai ma Switzerland, kahi paʻa loa kāna mau lehulehu. Ma Italia, noho ʻo burbot ma ka pā Po.
ʻAuʻEulopa ʻĀina, ʻo Scandinavia a me nā ʻāina Baltic
He mea maʻamau ʻo Burbot i loko o nā hale waihona kālā ma Finlandia, Suetena, Norekia, Estonia, Latvia a me Lituania. I loko o nā wahi noho o Finlandia, he mālama i ka helu o nā lehulehu i ʻike ʻia, pili ʻia me ka haumia o nā hale noho, ʻo ia kā lākou eutrophication. ʻO nā kumu no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui o ka burbot i ka wai holena o kā lākou haumia a me ka acidification, a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā ʻano haole i loko o lākou, e kaʻi ana i nā poʻe.
ʻLelo ʻEulopa
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wahi kanu burbot a Slovenia e pili pono ana i ka muliwai Drava a me Lake Tserknitsa, i ka Repubalika Czech - ma nā waʻa Morava a me Ohře. ʻO ka polū a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kahe he mau pilikia maʻamau no nā ʻāina o ʻEulopa ʻEulopa e hōʻemi i ka helu burbot. No laila, ma Slovenia, ua pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana o ka burbot, ma Bulgaria ua hāʻawi ʻia ia ke kūlana o kahi mea ʻōpiopio liʻiliʻi loa, ma Hungary - kahi hua ʻino, ma Polani ua hoʻēmi ʻia ka nui o ka burbot.
Ka Luke Rukia
Ma ka'āina o Lūkia, he nui nā burbot i nā wahi noho o nā kaona a me ka hoʻohālikelike, nā kīʻaha o nā Baltic, White, Barents, Black a me Caspian a me nā kīʻaha o nā muliwai Siberia āpau mai ka Ob a Anadyr i kā lākou lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka palena ʻākau o ka ʻāpana burbot ka ʻaoʻao kai o ka ʻalika: loaʻa i ka Penikala Yamal (koe wale nō nā muliwai ma ke kūkulu ʻākau), ma Taimyr (nā pū wai kahawai ʻo Pyasina lāua ʻo Khatanga, Lake Taimyr), a me nā Mokupuni ʻo Novosibirsk. I ke kiʻi ʻoki Ob-Irtysh, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai luna aʻe o luna (Teletskoye a me Zaysan loko) a hiki i ka Hoʻo Wai. Aia i ka loko o Baikal a me ke kaena ʻo Yenisei. Loa ʻia ia ma ka lau o Amur, a me ka piʻi ma luna o ke kahawai ʻo Yalu (ke kulu wai o loko). He mea maʻamau ia ma Sakhalin a me nā mokupuni ʻo Shantar. Waiho ʻia i nā wahi desalinated o ke kai me ka paʻakai a hiki i 12 ‰.
Ka wehewehe holoʻokoʻa
ʻO Cod (Gadiformes) e pili ana i nā ʻano lawaiʻa lawaiʻa o ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi. ʻO kahi wale nō kū hoʻokahi wai o ka ʻohana cod e noho ana i loko o nā wai Lūkia he burbot (Lotalota).
ʻO kona ʻāpana unahi e pili ana i ka ʻākau a me waena o ʻEulopa (kahi e loaʻa ai i ka ʻaoʻao hema o Palani a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka panaʻo Balkan), ʻĀkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkaukau.
Aia nā lālā o kēia ʻano i kahi ʻano cylindrical kino. Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā kalima. ʻO nā mea āpau me kahi laulā nui a lapalapa a me ka marbling, e hui mau ana me ka peʻa o ke kaohi ʻana.
He ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo kēia. Noho ʻo ia ma nā loko hohonu me kahi wai hohonu loa a me kahi hohonu i hoʻopili ʻia me nā ʻōpala mai lalo o nā kumu lalo. I ka hoʻoilo, alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi ola ikaika, a ma ke anuanu i hāʻule i kahi kūlana o ka momona, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i ka wela a me ka māmā.
E nānā ʻo Lot Lot mai ka ʻohana Lotidae e noho ana i nā wai anu a me nā loko i maʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me Alaska. Hiki iā ia ke ola i nā wai hou a i loko o nā wai aniani a iho mai i kahi hohonu o 700 mika. ʻO kēia kahi hiʻona o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole brown, kahi hiki ke hiki i 1.5 mika ka lōʻihi.
He wahi liʻiliʻi loa kona mau unahi i kūkulu ʻia, kahi chin antennae, kahi anal analā lōʻihi a ʻelua mau ʻāpana dorsal. He ʻano lōʻihi kēia, ʻo ka lūlū e ulu nei i nā iʻa, a ma Alaska hoʻi ʻaʻole lākou e pae i ka wā ʻōpiopio a hiki i ka 6 a 7 paha makahiki.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe o ko lākou kaʻi i ka waena a i ʻole ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO ke helu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano mea i kūpaʻa ʻia me kekahi poʻe ʻauhau ʻauhau. Kuhi kekahi mau ʻano i nā loina subfamily Lotinae o ka ʻohana Gad Gadae. Eia kekahi, ua kau kekahi poʻe ichthyologists i Siberian a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika paeʻāina o nā ʻano ma Lotamaculosa.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia ʻano holoholona wale nō ke kīwaha wai kai ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me ka nui lahilahi
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka burbot a me ka iʻa a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e hiki ai ke hoʻomaopopo i ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia i kahi kaiāulu.
- elongated kino kino i ke ʻano o ka spindle,
- nā ʻāpana ʻāwili a me ka huelo o ka pāwī,
- ʻo ka lua dorsal a me nā anal lua he mau loa maʻamau o ka hapalua o ke kino,
- ka liʻiliʻi, me nā kaila i waho o nā unahi (cycloid) i nā wahi ākea a me ka mucus,
- ʻekolu mokulele: hoʻokahi ma ka ʻāʻī, ʻelua ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna.
- pani poʻo me nā maka liʻiliʻi
- waha nui me nā niho nunui.
- aia ka pūlima ma lalo iho o ka ʻāʻī a hoʻolako ʻia me ka uʻi e like me ka filament e like me ke ʻano o nā ʻōpū o ke pā o ka hoʻopā.
ʻO ka nui kai predator he 60-80 cm (3-6 kg). ʻO ka burbot nui ka paona he 25 kg ka lōʻihi ma luna o 120 cm. ʻO ke kala e hilinaʻi nei i nā noho ola, ka makahiki, ka ʻano o lalo a me nā pae o ka ʻike o ka wai. Ua manaʻo ʻia ke ʻano he ʻoliva ʻoliva, nā pōpoki ʻeleʻele, nā ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele o nā pua. Ke ulu a me ka ʻelemakule, e hoʻomālamalama ka poʻe o nā kala.
Wahi e noho ai ka burbot?
E pili pono ana ka māhele ʻāpana i nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical o ka iʻa, hiki ʻole ke ʻoluʻolu i ka wai wela me ka wai haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka helu nui o nā holoholona he ʻano no nā kaila o nā ʻūlū ʻākau: nā ʻĀina Arctic Ocean, Siberia, nā North-Western a me North-East region o Russia. Eia naʻe, noho ka mea nāna i kāpae a i ka hema, akā i ka manawa like. I nā kahe e kahe ana i loko o ke Kai ʻEleʻele a me Caspian, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paona o ka lawena ma luna o 0.6-1.0 kg.
ʻOiai i loko o nā loko kahiki hohonu, e ʻimi ʻo ka burbot i kahi wahi maikaʻi loa, e noho pinepine ana i nā kī wai ma lalo. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole kēia, nā lua, nā ʻili o nā pōhaku, koho ʻia nā peke i noho paʻa ʻole ia. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole pohō ke ʻano o ka lalo, hiki i ke one, nā ʻōpala, nā pālolo, etc. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa i nā ʻūlū loloa wale nō ma muli o ke kaʻi ʻana o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻōwili pāwili, a me ka maikaʻi ʻana o ka mea i ʻōlohelohe.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Wahi a ka moʻomeheu hou, he ʻāpana ka poʻe burbot no ka Lotinae subfamily (ʻoiai, he ʻano ʻauhau kēia. ʻO ka ichthyologists e hoʻokaʻawale i ka burbot ma kahi ʻohana burbot ʻokoʻa e pili ana i nā ʻano subtypes, ʻae nā ʻepekema i nā manaʻo like ʻole, no ka mea ke manaʻoʻiʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi i nā ʻano he monotypic, a ʻo kekahi hoʻi.
Hāʻawi i ka 2 a i 3 mau subspecies:
- ka waiʻōleʻa maʻamau e noho ana i nā loko o Eurasia,
- burbot ʻokiʻoki ʻia - kahi kamaʻāina o nā loko o ʻAmelika a me ka Far Hikina,
- ʻO Lota lota maculosa kahi subspecies i loaʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻO nā subspecies a burbot wale nō he nocturnal - kaʻai, ka hele ʻana, ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, ka hana hou a me nā mea hou aʻe o nā hana e kū nei mai ka 22:00 a 6:00. Wahi a ia, ʻo ka pāʻina burbot e hana kūʻokoʻa i ka pō.
Hoʻoikaika
ʻO ka iʻa Predatory wale nō he nocturnal. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻike (ʻike, hoʻopā, hoʻolohe, ʻāheu) no ka ʻimi ʻana no ka pōkole i ka pouli. Hoʻopilikia ka la i ka maka o kahi burbot, no laila i ka lā ʻaʻole e ʻimi, akā huna i nā aʻa o nā lāʻau, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, driftwood, crustacean burrows a hoʻāʻo e lawe i kona poʻo i waho. Ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano like me ka hoʻomakeke ikaika ʻana i ka wai, e waiho ai iā ia i nā lā he nui o ka lethargy, ʻae ʻole a me ka nalo o ka ʻono. Ma ke anuanu wale nō a me ka puʻu, i ka wā e hiolo ai ke wela o ke kōkana ma lalo + + 15 ° С, e pau mau manawa ka mea make i ke ʻano wela o ka kauwela a hōʻike i ka gluttony kupaianaha, pinepine ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā ʻele lawaiʻa piha.
ʻO kekahi mea koa kupaianaha o ka burbot ʻo kāna makemake ʻole ʻole i nā kani like ʻole. Me ka hoʻolohe ʻokoʻa ʻole, hele pinepine kahi iʻa iʻa i nā wahi lōʻihi e hoʻokumu i kahi kumu o ka walaʻau ʻana.
He aha nā mea e ʻai manu ai
ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai o ka mea kō i noho ai ka poʻe noho o nā ʻāpana o ke kō. ʻO nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (1-2 mau makahiki) ke ʻai ʻawaʻawa i ka ʻōpala, nā leeches, ka larvae, crustaceans liʻiliʻi, mollusks, pīpī, hua iʻa a me nā amphibians. Ke ulu nui lākou a loaʻa ke kaumaha, ʻai nui ka burbot i nā mea nui:
- minnows, ruff, perch,
- loob, nāhō, ʻōpū,
- lamprey, palaka, crustaceans.
ʻO kahi puʻupuʻu a me ke ʻāʻī e hiki iā ia ke ale i ka mea make ʻole me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi pilikia i ka nui o ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka hopu. Ma muli o ke ʻano o nā niho i hānai ʻia, nā hana me kēia me ka neʻe wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki, a ua hilinaʻi ka ʻūhū burbot, akā e hoʻopalulu a paʻa ʻole. Ke kūlana i loaʻa i kēia ʻano mea i loaʻa i kēia ʻano ʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā kino wai me ka manu ʻoi ʻoi. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻohu e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻāhū i ka meaʻai no nā hola he nui, ʻo ia ka mea e lawaiʻa ai ka lawaiʻa e hoʻohana ana i ka wā i huki ai i kahi mea make a i ʻole mau mea ʻeuʻeu ʻē aʻe i ka hook.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela wela, ua pau ka iʻa i ka ʻai a hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa maʻamau i ka wā hānau. Ma ka hāʻule wale nō ka burbot e hele aku mai waho mai nā pale mai a hoʻomake i ka hānai ikaika mai ke ahiahi a ka wanaʻao, e hoʻihoʻi hou ana i ka ikaika a me ka hoʻomākaukau no ka spawning.
Nā hiʻohiʻona kele
ʻO ka weheʻana o ka mea aloha aloha aloha e hoʻopili pololei ana i ka manawa o ka waiho ʻana i nā hua manu. Mamuli o ka moku a me ka home maʻamau o ka burbot, pili mai ka pili ma waena o ka hopena o Dekemapa a me Pepeluali. I mea e hoʻomohala pololei ai nā hua, pono ka pae wai wai + 1 ° С. Ma nā mauna ʻākau, ua kūkulu ʻia kēlā mau ʻano i ka ʻano maoli a mau i kekahi mau mahina. I loko o ka wai huhū, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka paʻakikī, no laila ua hoʻomohala ka iʻa i ka hiki i ka parthenogenesis ("uluhilima wahine") - ka hoʻomohala holoʻokoʻa o ka masertry unertilized. Kēia hiʻona kupaianaha i hiki ai i na wahine ke hoʻokō pono i ka pilikia o ka procreation ma nā lā i hiki ʻole i ka make nui, me ka hoʻoluhi ʻole o ka manawa e ʻimi ai i nā kāne kāne.
Hoʻokomo ka spawning Burbot i nā wahi pāpaku me ka papa hoʻoluhi a me ka lalo o nā pa: nā pōhaku, nā pū, nā pebbles, ke one. No kēia mea, hana ka iʻa i ka lōʻihi o ka hele ʻana, pinepine i nā wahi i hānau ai ia. ʻO ka mea mua e hele mai i nā kumu spawning he poʻe nui nui e moe ana i nā hua liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana 15-20. A laila hoʻomaka ka spimimen medium, i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea e hiki mai ana he ulu maikaʻi ʻōpio (3-5 mau makahiki), ka mea e hāʻule ana i nā "hui" nui o 50-100 i kēlā me kēia.
ʻAʻole like me nā iʻa wai hou, ʻo ka cod roe ka mea e pono ai no ka loiloi ʻōlima, no laila ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka masonry e haki wale ana a lawe ʻia e ke kahawai i nā wahi o ke kō o nā wai me nā kūlana microclimate ʻē aʻe, e hoʻonui ai i ka pono o ke ola ʻana o ka genus.
I ka wā i hele maikaʻi aku ai, eʻai nui ka mea kuhi, no laila, i nā wahi me ka heluna kanaka lehulehu, aia kahi papahele a ʻoki piha paha i ka lawaiʻa o ka hoʻoilo.
Pāleʻa Burbot
Hoʻomaka ka wā lawaiʻa mai ka ngahulu a hiki i ke waena waena. ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa no ka pēpē ʻana i ke ahiahi a me ke kakahiaka kakahiaka (a hiki i ka 5 hola). ʻO ka zhor nui e hāʻule i ka mahinaʻo Nowemapa-Pepeluali. E like me ka maunu ma ka burbot, hoʻohana ʻia ka iʻa (ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 8-15 cm ka nui): gudgeon, bleak, ruff. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka lawaiʻa no nā ʻāpana kalaka, nā baki liʻiliʻi, he ʻāpana nui o ka nui, ʻo ka moa moa mea pālahalaha nui. Hiki pinepine ʻia kahi mea predator i kahi pāʻani leisurely o nā mea hoʻokani a i ʻole nā lures.
E like me ke kumu nui o ka lawaiʻa, hoʻohana ʻia nā honi o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO nā mea hana mai ke koʻokoʻo pōkole me nā apo, kahi hāwele inersial, ka laina lawaiʻa me ka mānoanoa o 0.5-0.40 mm a me kahi pūʻulu haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole i hoʻoneʻe ʻia e ka wā i kēia manawa, akā ʻaʻole ia i hoʻokumu i kahi palupalu ikaika, ua hōʻoia pono iā ia iho. E aho e hoʻopili i ka leash me ka hook ma lalo o ka ukana a hiki i ka pain ke kokoke i lalo.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohana nā kahu wai hau (hoʻopihapiha), kahi e mau ai ka reel me ka laina lawaiʻa i loko o ka wai, kahi e pale ai i ka manuahi ʻole o nā pono hana.
Nā kuʻuna a me nā home
ʻO nā ʻāina maoli o kēia ʻano holoholona, nā muliwai polar o ke Kai Kūʻai, a e noho ana ma ke kūkulu hema a 40 mau ona. Akā ma ka palena hema hema nā muliwai, e ʻo ia ka burbot. Iā Kīwī piʻipiʻi ola i loko o nā wai wai o nā kahawai o ka hikina a me ke komohana o ka Ural Range: i nā punawai ʻo Ufa, ma Chusovaya, Sylva, Tur, Tavda a me nā kahawai, i loko o Lake Tavatuy a me kekahi mau loko o ka loko, i loko o nā loko wai anuanu.
ʻO Burbot ka mea hoʻohālikelike o nā ʻano like-like, e noho ana i ka wai wai. Piʻi ʻo ia, makemake i ka wai maʻemaʻe a ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i kahi kuʻuna ikaika.
ʻO ka lilo ʻana i northerner mua, makemake ʻo burbot i ka wai anuanu a me ka wai me ka pohō. ʻO ka Burbot ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia i loko o nā lua hohonu me nā kī, ma nā pāpū kahakai, ma lalo o nā ʻalā a me nā aʻa o nā kumu lāʻau. Mai nā kahawai kahi e hoʻopau pono ai nā lāʻau ma nā alaloa, e nalo pinepine ka burbot. ʻO ke kauwela, ʻaʻole ikaika ka burbot, maikaʻi wale nō i ka manawa i ka hapa o ka wai ma lalo o 12 mau kekona, a i ka wā e hoʻomoʻi ai ka wai ma luna o 15 mau degere, hūnā ia i nā lua, a me nā lua, ma lalo o nā pōhaku, driftwood, ma lalo o nā māka wai, a waiho iā lākou no ka ʻai i ke anuanu anuʻo, me ka pau ʻole i ka pō. I ka wā wela, he hānau ʻo ia a kokoke anee ke kū ʻana i ka ʻai. I loko o kēia manawa, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke hopu i kahi burbot e hūnā ana i kahi lua (ʻoiai, aia ma ke ʻano he mea kūʻē ʻole i ka manaʻo nui, ʻaʻole ia i hana) a ma lalo o nā snags a me nā pōhaku. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana iā ia e lawe iā ia, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻāʻo e huli a holo i waho, akā hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hūnā hou i ka pā. Hiki ke mālama iki iā ia ma muli o ka palupalu, i nui i hoʻopili ʻia me ka ʻili o ka mucus. I ka hoʻoilo, ka hoʻoilo a me ka wā puna mua, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka burbot, waiho nā hale a hoʻomaka i ka hāhai ʻana me ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ka wela o ka wai, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka gluttonous (e ʻai ana i ka nui o nā iʻa iʻa).
Wikiō: Burbot
Ke lilo nei i ka mea nāna e kuhi nocturnal, ʻaʻole ka noho o ka burbot i ka hoʻohālua, ke kali nei no ka mea i hoʻopiha ʻia, akā hele ikaika a hoʻokaʻawale i ia mea, e hoʻoholo ana i ke ʻano o ka hiki ke ʻai ma o ka lohe ʻana, ka ʻāʻī a me ka pā. Akā, ʻaʻole mākou e hilinaʻi i kā mākou mea nānā loiloi, maopopo loa ia. E noʻonoʻo iā ʻoe iho - he aha kāu e ʻike ai i ka pō, ma lalo o ka muliwai? No laila, ninini mākou i luna o kā mākou mau maka a ʻaʻole loa e manaʻolana.
ʻĀnō ke ʻano he ʻano maʻamau i ka nui o ka nui o nā kānaka a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui o kēia iʻa ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana o nā kūlana ola (ma waena o lākou, ka wai a me ka hoʻouka ʻana, me ka poʻo, he mea nui nui).
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka burbot
ʻO ke kiʻi: heʻano like ka burbot
ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa ma mua o 1 m, ke kaumaha o ke kino - a hiki i 24 kg. ʻO waho, like ka burbot me kahi iʻa i lalo - iʻa ʻona. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kino he elongated, puni, kiʻi ʻia a posteriorly hoʻi, a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. He liʻiliʻi loa nā pānaʻi o ka burbot, akā ma ka ʻaoʻao i uhi lākou i ke kino a me nā wahi a pau - i komo ke poʻo, uhi ʻia ka māka, a me nā ʻeke kūpeʻe.
Ua pālahalaha ka hiʻohiʻona o ke poʻo, iʻu iki ʻia. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lalo. Ma nā mea hōʻiliʻili a me ka vomer ua nui nā niho palipiki liʻiliʻi i ʻoi aku. Aia kekahi tendril hoʻolimalima ʻia aia ma ka waha, 2 mau mea kokoke i ka wīwī.
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā palapū pectoral a pōkole. ʻO nā ʻanaka mua o nā hala o ka ventral elongated mau kaʻina koho. Aia nā māka ʻelua ma ke kua, me ka lua o ka lua i aneane a hiki i ke caudal, akā ʻaʻole e hui pū me ia. Holo i ka hope lateral i ka hope o ke anal anal.
Nui nā koho kala no ka burbot. ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine, he ʻele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ka hope o kēia iʻa, me ka nui a me ka palahalaha ʻia o nā wahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, nā blotches a me nā kaula.
ʻAe keokeo ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū. Loaʻa mau ʻōpiopio i kahi ʻeleʻele (ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele) i kahi kala. ʻOkoʻa nā meles ma mua o nā wahine. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kāne ke poʻo ka mānoanoa, a ʻo ka wahine hoʻi he pelu. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi: Burbot i ka hoʻoilo
ʻO ke kauwela wela e hoʻoinu ai i kēia iʻa - lilo i burbot i ka hana ʻole. Akā ke hoʻomaloʻo nei ka wela o ka wai i ka 12 ° C, hoʻomaka ka burbot e hana, hele nui i ka pīpī a huli i ka huli ʻana i ka pō a i ka pō āpau. Akā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wai ma luna o ka 15 ° C, hū koke ka iʻa i nā pōkā, lalo lalo, a me lalo o nā pali, nā mākaʻi a me nā hū ma luna o nā waihona kālai, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe e hūnā ana iā ia mai ka wela. A waiho wale ʻo ia iā lākou e ʻimi i ka meaʻai e pono ai e mālama i ke ola.
Holo ʻo Burbot i ka hopu ʻana i ka wela i loko o ke ao ao wale nō, a ʻo ka pō wale nō. I Iulai-ʻAukake, i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai ka wela, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka burbot, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻai. ʻO ka iʻa ua lilo ʻole a lohi ʻole i kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu me kou mau lima. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e hana ai kēia ka wā hammers o ka burbot hamu i kahi lua (kahi, e kū'ē i ka stereotype waha ʻole, ʻaʻole ia e ʻeli). A ma lalo o nā ihu, nā pōhaku, a me nā "pākū" ʻē aʻe i ka burbot hoʻolimalima ua maʻalahi nō hoʻi ke hopu ʻia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka manawa ke hoʻomaka nei lākou e lawe, e hoʻāʻo a iʻa paha ka iʻa e huli a pakele, no ka holo ʻana i kahi mamao e hiki ai. Ma kahi'ē aʻe, hana hewa ia i kahi hewa kūpono, e ʻimi ana i ke ola i kona wahi e kū nei, akā hohonu wale nō. ʻO ka paʻakikī wale nō e mālama i ka burbot, no ka mea ua lahilahi. ʻO ka hoʻoilo, ka hoʻoilo a me ka wā kauwela ka manawa o ka hana nui loa no ka burbot. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ea, e hoʻomaka kēia iʻa e alakaʻi i kahi ala hala ʻole. Aia kekahi hilinaʻi kūʻokoʻa - ʻoi ka ua anu i ka wai, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana a me ka voracity o ka burbot (e ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi).
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kuhi: Burbot i ka wai
Hoʻomaka ka wā ʻōpala o Burbot i ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki, i ka manawa o ka paona kino ke hōʻea i ka 400-500 g. Akā ma lalo o ke kūlana ola, makemake ʻia nā kāne ma mua o ka wā.
I Nowemapa - Dekemapa (e pili ana i ke ʻano mālamalama o ka ʻāina), ma hope o ka uhi ʻia ʻana o nā kino wai me ka ʻoka o ka huina, hoʻomaka ka burbot i ko lākou neʻe ʻana - ka holomua nui o burbot i nā wahi o ka spawning (a ma ke ʻano ke kū'ē) Hoʻouna ʻia kēia mau iʻa no ka hoʻōho i nā hipa liʻiliʻi, kahi mea nui a hoʻokahi wahine a 4-5 mau kāne. Mai nā loko wai wai, hāʻule nā pūlaki i nā moena o ka muliwai. Ma nā loko nui a hohonu nā wai me ka wai anuanu, ʻaʻole waiho ka burbot, neʻe aku mai ka hohonu hohonu e kokoke ana i nā pihi kahi i loaʻa ʻole ka papaʻu.
ʻO ka manawa spawning mai ka hana hope loa o Dekemaba i ka hopena o Pepeluali. ʻO ka kaʻina hana e hana pinepine ʻia ma lalo o ka hau, ma ka wai T i ka moku o 1-3º. Ua makemake ʻo Burbot i ke anuanu, no laila, ma ka nui o ka fruma, hele nui ka spawning ma mua o ka wā o kona kauā - i ka hopena hope loa, ua kūoʻi ʻia ke kaʻina hana. ʻO nā hua hua me kahi momona momona (ʻo ko lākou ka palena o 0.8-1 mm) e kahiki ʻia i ka wai pāpaku me ka puʻu pōhaku a me kahi o ka wikiwiki. Kūkulu ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka palaoa i ka papakū lalo o ka waihona kālā. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ola o ka burbot ʻo ia ka momona palupalu - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine nui ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona hua.
Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ka incubation o ka hua manu mai nā lā 28 a hiki i 2.5 mau mahina - ʻo ka lōʻihi o kēia kaʻina e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka wai i loko o ke kō. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōmole e ʻike i ke aniani he 3-4 mm. ʻO ka pōpō o ka pīkī ma mua koke o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau o ka hau a i ka wā o ke kahe. He hopena maikaʻi loa kēia hiʻohiʻona i ke ola ʻana o ke kaikō, no ka mea i kahe a ka muliwai, lawe pinepine ʻia nā pā i ka wai, kahi, ma hope o ka hāʻule o nā wai wai, wikiwiki koke lākou a make a make.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o burbot
Whakaahua: ʻO Burbot River Fish
ʻO ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ka burbot ʻole i hana i kēia ʻano o ka iʻa he nui. I ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka make o ka pēpē i ka wā o nā kahe, kahi nui o nā hua e ʻoki nei i ka papa. Eia kekahi, makemake kekahi iʻa e ʻai ai i ka caviar burbot (ʻo ka nui "pepehi" kā perch, ruff, roach, a me ka nui o ka nui - ʻo ke aloha a ka "ge aloha "ʻo burgeon. Ka mea hao wale kekahi o ka caviar i loko o nā ʻahaʻaina lalo a ʻai ʻia e ka burbot ponoʻī. I ka hopena, ma ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, mai ka nui o nā hua, ʻaʻole i emi loa ma mua o 10-20%.
Inā mākou e lawe i kekahi pākeke, ʻatikala, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi kekahi poʻe e hoʻākoakoa i ka iʻa 1 mika lōʻihi. ʻO ka mea wale nō i ka manawa o ke kauwela (i ka wā wela, kahi manu burbot, ka mea maʻamau i ka ʻūlū, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i ka wā), ʻoiai nā kānaka keu manuahi ʻaʻole ʻano koʻikoʻi, hiki iā ia ke lilo i meaʻai no nā ʻīnaka, nui loa i kona nui.
Noho nui ka pilikia ma ke kali ʻana i ka burbot liʻiliʻi. ʻO ia kumu no nā honu pōpoki wale nō e ola i ka wā poperty. ʻO ka heleʻana o nā caviar, ma ke ala, he "momona" no ka iʻa a i ka hoʻoilo. Akā makemake ka palani e ʻai i nā ruffs, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me nā perches, a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e lilo i meaʻai no nā burbots maikaʻi.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻO ke kiʻi: heʻano like ka burbot
Ākea ka nui o ka burbot - ka mau iʻa i loaʻa i nā wai wai kai o nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika Hema. I ʻEulopa, ua hopu ka burbot ma New England (ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka iʻa ma ʻEkolekia a me ʻIolua), ma Farani (ʻo ka nui loa ma ka Rhone basin, ʻoi loa ka mea ma loko o Seine a me Loire), ma Italia (ʻoi loa ma ka muliwai Po), a me ʻO nā ʻauā komohana o Suena, ma ka lauka ʻo Danube (aneane pinepine) a me nā kino wai no ka waihona kai Baltic. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ((mai waena o ka hope o ka makahiki hope) i ke kahakai komohana o nā ʻāina Scandinavian, a me nā ʻeneke Iberian, Apennine a me Balkan.
Ma Lūkia, he nui nā burbot - i loko o nā wai wai e kahe ana ma nā ʻona Arctic a me ke kaona, a me nā loea o nā muliwai Siberia - mai Ob a hiki i Anadyr, a me kona mau lōʻihi. Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Rusia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka burbot ma Crimea, Transcaucasia (me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka lalo haʻahaʻa o ke kula a me Sefidrud), i kekahi manawa ua hopu ʻia kēia iʻa ma ka North Caucasus - i loko o ka ʻauʻau kahawai. Kuban. Ma ka palena akau o ka anuanu ka kapakai o ka Moana Arctic.
I ka ʻaoʻao hema, ua loaʻa i ka burbot i ka ipu o ke kula Ob-Irtysh, a noho i kahi ākea - mai ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe mai (Lake Teletskoye a me Zaysan) a hiki i ke Kaiwa o Ob. ʻAʻohe ʻaʻohe iʻa i kēia ma loko o Central Asia, ʻoiai i ke kenekulia ma mua aku i hoʻopili ʻia ai kēia iʻa i ka ʻauʻau o Aral Sea. Ma ka Yenisei lāua ʻo Baikal, ua hopu kokoke ʻo burbot i nā wahi a pau. Ma ka ipu ʻO Selenga, iho aku ka lōʻihi i ka hema, pololei a hiki i Mongolia. Loaʻa ka Burbot ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai kahawai. ʻO Cupid me kāna mau punahele nui - Ussuri a me Sungari. Loaʻa iā ia ma nā pa kiʻekiʻe o ka muliwai ʻo Yalu.
E pili ana i ke kapakai o ka Moana Pakipika, ua loaʻa ka burbot ma Sakhalin a me nā mokupuni Shantar, a hāʻule pū i loko o nā wahi o ka moana (kahi i loaʻa ʻole ka paʻakai o ka wai ma mua o 12).
ʻO ka palekana Burbot
Kiʻi ʻO: Burbot mai ka Puke ʻaha
No ka hui ʻo Burbot i ka ʻohana 1 o ka hoʻopau ʻana - ua ulu ʻia ke ʻano ma loko o nā palena o Moscow ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe burbot i ka International Red Book.
I mea e mālama ai i ka nui o ka burbot, e mālama ka poʻe ʻepekema i kahi o nā hana, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- ka nānā ʻana o ka poʻe (ʻōnaehana, a hiki i nā manawa hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa),
- ka pale ʻana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka nohona ma nā wahi o ke kauwela a me nā wahi o nā pā wai.
- ka ʻae ʻana i nā wahi hou i hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia kūpono no ka burbot spawning,
- ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hana i manaʻo ʻia e pale i ka hiwahi ʻana o ka nohona o ka ʻoihana i loko o nā wai wai o ka mokuʻo Moscow a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wai, e hoʻonāukiuki i ka wā mua a me ka hana ikaika. Ke kahua e uku nui ʻia nei - mai ke alanui kāpena o Moscow a hiki i nā kahawai Filevskaya,
- ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka pāpā ma ke hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kahe o nā kahawai a me nā waihona waiwai ma nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻolālā ʻia hoʻi ma o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kūkulu pākuʻi, nā gabions a me nā pā lāʻau. I ka pilikia ʻoi loa e hoʻoikaika i uka, ʻo ka hoʻokahe kahakai kūlohelohe a me ke kanu lāʻau ʻana.
- ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka kaomi honua o ka palena kahakai i loaʻa i ka wahi o ka waiwai nui no ka burbot, a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i kā lākou hoʻohana me nā kumu hana ʻoluʻolu,
- ka hana ʻana o nā keʻena kauwela a me nā lihilihi pālahalaha maikaʻi loa no ka burbot. Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nei, e kau ʻia nā ʻōpū manawaleʻa "mauluna" i nā ʻāpana wai piha o nā wai.
- ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi hoʻohanohano o ka lehulehu a me ka hoʻolauna hou ʻana i ke kano lōʻihi i loko o nā wai wai - ʻo kēia arthropod, me ka minnow, he mea ʻai punahele na burbot,
- ka hana ʻana i ka nānā pono ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka pāpā i ka lawaiʻa burbot (ʻoiai hoʻi i ka wā kaʻawale) e like me nā mea i kau ʻia ma ka Red Book o Moscow.
E nānā pono - pono nā hana i luna e pili wale no ka māhele o Moscow.
Burbot - He mea kūʻai palena lalo kēia, e alakaʻi nei i ka nohona nocturnal kūʻokoʻa. Makemake ʻo ia i ka ʻōpū me ka wai anu, ua pā ka hopena ma luna o ia. He ʻano nui ka nui o nā ʻano, akā ʻaʻole i kiʻekiʻe i kona helu i ka nānā ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona, me ka ʻike i nā ʻano o nā hana o ka hana me ka pālaha.