- ʻOkakopa 14, 2018
- Makee
- Elena Motrenko
He holoholona hihiu nui ka wildar (boar), kahi kī hoʻokipa no nā poʻe holo he nui. Hoʻokomo ʻia i kēlā lawaiʻa, pono ʻoe e makaʻala nui, me ka ikaika ka holoholona a ikaika loa. ʻAʻole hana maʻalahi ka pepehi kanaka puaʻa. ʻO kēlā mau kānaka huluhulu i kū lanakila e noʻonoʻo i ka lanakila ʻana ma luna o kekahi o nā mea nui e kū nei.
A akamai loa ka piko. ʻO kāna mea akamai e hoʻomoʻi i ke kanaka a hūnā, a laila lele koke ka pā mai ka uhi.
ʻO ka puaʻa nui: wehewehe
ʻO ka puaʻa hihiu he momi ʻo ia ka pipi, a i ʻole he puaʻa hihiu. ʻO kona ʻokoʻa mai nā holoholona maʻamau he poʻo nui a he muzzle lōʻihi, ke kino pōkole, nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā pepeiao o ka puʻu ke kū pololei, koi a lōʻihi.
Nui kēia holoholona. ʻOi aku kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o hoʻokahi mika. Mass - 150-300 kilokilā. He lawaiʻa nui a wildar. Ua kū maikaʻi ʻo ia ma kēia mea a hiki ke lanakila i ka loko holoʻokoʻa. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻEono ʻano ʻano o nā ʻalalā manuahi i ka hana kūlohelohe.
ʻAno wiwi ʻole ka palaka, akā, he holoholona maikaʻi kēia.
ʻO ka leo o ke poʻo ʻalike me nā leo o kahi puaʻa. Ua luana nui 'o ia me ka nalu. He ʻeha ʻeha ka ʻeha nui i kahi ʻeha. ʻO nā wahine ākea a me nā piglets ʻaʻole aikili ke hōʻeha ʻia.
ʻO ke ola ʻana o kahi puaʻa make he ʻumi paha a me ʻumikūmālua makahiki i ka nahele, a ma ka hoʻopio hiki ke noho a hiki i ka iwakālua.
Hoʻaiho
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā boars hihiu i kekahi wahi o ka honua. ʻOi aku lākou i nā nahele ākea pāhili pālua a hoʻōla ʻia me nā palahaloka, a me ka marshland hoʻi. I kēlā mau wahi, loaʻa iā lākou kahi manawa kūpono e hānai iā lākou iho. ʻO kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka home o kēia mau holoholona, ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kō. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i ka wahi me ka nui o ka hau. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻae i nā kumukūʻai nui loa - hiki iā lākou ke make.
ʻO ka mea ola o ka ulu lāʻau ulu hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hele ʻana o nā kahe o ka holoholona, hānai i ka huluhulu, a ʻeli ʻia ka ʻāina. Hoʻokahi like kona wāwae me ka elk, akā he liʻiliʻi ka nui. Kūpono loa nā paʻi o nā manamana lima liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa i ke kāʻei he ʻano hāmeʻe. Ma lalo e ʻike ʻoe i ke kiʻi o kahi puaʻa hihiu i ka ulu lāʻau.
Pūnaewele kamaliʻi
ʻAʻole kahi puaa a me kahi haki i ka meaʻai. ʻAi ʻo ia i kekahi meaʻai āna e loaʻa ai. ʻO ke kumu paha, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi ʻo ia ka mea e pono ai i ka nahele no nā mea hihiu e noho ai a loaʻa nā meaʻai. Mea makemake lākou i nā hua waina, nā hua, nā huaʻala, nā aʻa, nā inikini, nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, nā moa. Hiki iā lākou ke leʻaleʻa i nā nahe ʻawaʻawa me ka leʻaleʻa - ʻaʻole weliweli kā lākou mea ʻala no ka puaʻa hihiu. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu i ka meaʻai holoholona.
ʻO ka papaʻaina o ka puaʻa hihiu e hilinaʻi ana i ka manawa o ka makahiki: i ka pūnāwai - nā greens ʻōpio a me nā aʻa, i ke kauwela - nā huaʻaila, lau, mauʻu. I ka wā lulu, ʻai ka puaʻa nui i nā huaʻai, nā ʻalopeke, nā kinikona a me nā hua. A i ka hoʻoilo, ʻikepili me nā mosses, lichens, nā lālā.
Ma ka nahele, loaʻa i ka puaʻa hihiu nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, a loaʻa i nā aʻa a me kekahi mau inikini e ka eli ʻana i ka lepo me nā fangs, hiki i ka lōʻihi a hiki i 22 centimeter.
Puhi ke kaona i ka meaʻai ma ka lōʻihi ma mua o ʻelima mau mile a ma kahi hohonu o 25 mau mika. Ke ʻike nei i ka hiki kupaianaha o kēia mau holoholona no ka loaʻa koke o ka meaʻai, hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hoʻohana iā lākou e ʻimi ai i nā palima nui - truffles.
ʻIke pinepine nā lawaiʻa i kā lākou mau ʻupena ma hope o kahi kipa haki.
I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i ka holoholona ke ʻai i kāna congener inā he make a i hōʻeha ʻia paha.
Pono ka puaa i ka 3 a hiki i ka 6 ʻeka o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. I ke kauwela, ua loaʻa ka holoholona i ʻumi a i ʻumikumamālima kilogram o ka momona. Kōkua kēia iā ia e ola ai i ka hoʻoilo.
Hoʻomoʻa kuʻi
ʻO nā holoholona hihiu he mea mālama i ka holoholona, koho lākou i kahi ma kahi huna. I ke ahiahi, hoʻomaha lākou iā lākou e hūnā ana i ka māla lāʻau a kūkulu lākou iā lākou iho i kahi pūhaka maikaʻi o nā lālā a me nā lau.
I ke anuanu, hiki kēia mau holoholona i kahi "font" - he hole me ka wai a me ka pālolo. ʻOiai ko lākou makemake i ka ʻauʻau pālolo (ʻoiai lākou e pakele ai mai ka wela a me nā mea inikini), nā holoholona ʻōpio maikaʻi loa nā holoholona maʻemaʻe.
I ka hoʻoilo, ua uhi ʻia ka hau a waiho ʻia i nā lau hāʻule.
ʻO ka hālāwai me kahi puaʻa hihiu i loko o ka nahele i ka lā aʻaʻohe maikaʻi. Akā ma nā lā he ao ākilohi, hiki iā lākou ke lele ma ke ahiahi.
I ka pō, hoʻomaka ka hana ikaika o ke ola o kēia mau holoholona hihiu. Hele lākou i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ma ka ulu lāʻau, ulu kahi puaʻa ma waena o nā palolo, ma hope o kona ʻano e makaʻala. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi pōʻino, hoʻomaka ka holoholona i kahi malu.
E makemake ana ka palaka e pale aku i nā kānaka a me ko lākou mau home.
Kūleʻa ka ʻōpiopio i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa, a hui pū nā wahine i loko o nā ʻohana.
ʻO ka nui
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā pālio puaʻa a hiki i kaho o 175 cm, ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi e pili ana 1 m. ʻO ke kaupaona a hiki i 100 kg, mai kahi manawa mai 150 a 200 kg.
He ʻokoʻa kēia holoholona mai nā puaʻa hale i ka pōkole pōkole a pōkole, ka mānoanoa a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lōʻihi, ke poʻo lōʻihi a lahilahi, lōʻihi, nāhele a me nā ʻihi pepeiao. ʻO nāʻeʻe a kiʻekiʻe a lalo hoʻi e kū mau a paʻa mai ka waha.
Nā hiʻohiʻona kino
Ua pālahalaha ka ʻāʻī, mānoanoa, pōkole, nui ka poʻo, ʻōwili, nunui nā pepeiao, pālahalaha, a liʻiliʻi nā maka. Kahi lūlū ikaika me kahi mākōkō e kū i mua a hiki i ka holoholona ke eli i ka lepo, ʻoi i ka maloʻo, i ka hohonu o 15-17 cm. He pololei ka kūpeʻe, 20-25 cm ka lōʻihi, i hoʻonani ʻia me ka palaki ma ke kihi. Hōʻalo e like me kahi puaʻa kūloko (grunts a squeals). Ke holo nei, wikiwiki a hiki i 40 km / h. Maikaʻi maikaʻi.
ʻO nā mea ʻai
ʻO ka puaʻa hona he holoholona pau ʻole, a ma kēia kuhikuhi kuhikuhi ka mea maʻamau, me he kanaka. ʻO kā kāna papaʻai i ka nui o nā meaʻai a nā mea kanu, ʻokoʻa e like me nā manawa (nā wai, nā aʻa, nā hihi, nā ʻōpala, nā hua, acorns, nā hua, nā hua, nā hua, nā hua, nā ʻōpū lāʻau, nā ʻūhā, nā mea kanu), a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi (nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala, nā baki, nā kīlī, nāhelehele, nā rodents, nā inikini, nā hua manu a me nā ʻōkuhi pepeke), a me ka kālai. Kūpono ka makemake i nā meaʻai i nā wahi no ka noho a me ka manawa o ka makahiki.
Hoʻomaikaʻi
ʻO ke wehe ʻana i ka ʻāina me nā pua ʻalā he kōkua i nā mea kanu, a me ke ola hou o nā kumulāʻau. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia mau holoholona hihiu e luku aku i nā pōpoki nahele, kahi mea pono.
I ka wā pōloli, nā ʻūhā hihiu, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, hele i ka ʻuala a me nā mahi ʻai, a e ʻehaʻeha i ka mahiʻai, hōʻoki a hehi ʻana i nā huaʻai. Ma kekahi manawa ke hopoʻi nei lākou i nā manu a me nā hares, i kekahi manawa ma ka fallow deer, roe deer a meera, inā nāwaliwali lākou, maʻi ʻole.
ʻAʻole hana kekahi o nā mea kanu mea ʻala a me ka maʻi hine, i loko o nā pua.
Aia i hea ka
ʻO ka laulā o ka ʻili puaʻa ākea he ākea loa. Noho nā holoholona i loko o ka nahele ākea a i hui pū ʻia me ʻEulopa (mai ka ʻAkalani a i nā Urals), ma ka ʻāina Mediterranean, i ka ʻākau o ʻApelika, i nā kihi o ʻAmelika Central, ma ka ʻūhaka Anterior Asia a ma ka hema hema Asia. Aia kekahi puʻu mokupuni o ka puaʻa hihiu i nā kai a me nā moana a pau o kā mākou honua.
ʻAno lawehala
Hoʻohana ʻia ka paila e nā wahi wai, nā wahi kai, ʻelua a lāʻau, a paʻa a me nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. ʻO ia nā holoholona pili holoholona e hoʻokumu i nā holoholona me kahi nohona matriarchal. ʻO ka kāne kahiko ke noho hoʻokahi i ka manawa, e hui pū ai i ka pipi wale i ka manawa hana.
Ka neʻe ʻana o ka hana a me ke kuʻikahi
ʻO kahi puaʻa manuahi e neʻe nei i ka awkwardly, akā wikiwiki, lele maikaʻi loa a hiki ke ʻauʻau no ka lōʻihi. ʻIlihune ka hihiʻo: ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ka pākahi i nā kala, ʻaʻohe mea e kū i kahi 15 mika mai iā ia. Noho me ke kōkua o nā ʻono, ʻono a me ka hoʻolohe. ʻO ka puʻu holoholona ʻoi e mālama, akā ʻaʻole palupalu, inā nāū o ka ʻeha, a hōʻeha, a mālama paha i kona mau ʻōpala, a laila, lilo ʻo ia i pilikia maoli a me ka pīhoihoi.
Ka manawa hana a ka hoʻomaha
No ka mea hiki i kēia holoholona ke huli koke i nā loli like ʻole o ka mahana, e pā nui ana i ka ʻōpū no ka pale ʻana iā ia mai nā pepeke a puhi, a mālama i ka mālama kino ʻana i ke kino. Ke hoʻoikaika ikaika nei nā ʻalalā manu ma ka wanaʻao, i ka lā e moe ai lākou i nā lua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki i ka 30-40 cm ka hohonu, i ke ahiahi a lākou i puka ai, e ʻauʻau a hele i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai.
Progeny
ʻO ka paona o ka puaʻa pēpē mai 600 a 1650 g, ua hao ʻia ia, me nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻala e hoʻōki i ka pēpē i loko o ka nahele lāʻau. Ma hope o 4-5 mahina, hoʻololi ka kala i ka uliuli.
Ka kiaʻi ʻana o ka wahine i nā ʻehā, me ka pale ʻana iā lākou mai ka ʻenemi, a hoʻi hou lākou iā lākou i kēlā me kēia 3-4 mau hola. I nā hebedoma mua o ke ola, noho nā piglets i kekahi ʻano o ka "sayang". Hoʻomaka lākou, e hoʻomaka me ka wahine, a ma 3 mau pule hoʻomaka lākou e haku i nā hana o nā palaka puaʻa maikaʻi loa.
Noho ka waiū hānai a hiki i ka 3 mau mahina. I ka wā lulu, hiki i ke ulu o ka'ōpio ke paona o 20-30 kg.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
I ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā kānaka, ʻo ka puaʻa hihiu, ʻo ia hoʻi nā holoholona ʻōpio, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka wolf a me kahi lynx, ma Asia - e ka leopona a me nā tiger, e hōʻeuʻeu i kekahi manawa i nā kāne makua. Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā ʻōlapa nui a me nā manu o ka iʻa. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, kūpaʻa ka lehulehu a ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka luku wale a hoʻopau ʻia.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
- ʻO nā kūpuna o nā puaʻa kūloko i kēia manawa nā moʻo hihiu o Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, ʻEulopa a me Kina, i hoʻoili ʻia e ka poʻe i ka wā Neolithic. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ʻo 13,000 a 12,700 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā puaʻa puaʻa i ka Middle East. I ka wā mua, ua mālama ʻia lākou i kahi kūlana semi-wild ma ka hihiu, e like me ka wā e kū nei i kēia manawa, no ka laʻana, ma New Guinea. ʻIke ʻia nā koena o nā puaʻa e ka poʻe ʻepekema i Kupero, kahi i hiki ai iā lākou ke kiʻi mai ka ʻāina mai me ka poʻe. ʻO ka puaʻa manuahi mua e lawe ʻia mai i ʻEulopa mai ka Hikina, a ma hope iho i hoʻomaka ai ke kaʻina hana o nā ʻōiwi puaʻa ʻEulopa. Ua wikiwiki koke ia i ka mea ma muli o ka adaptability kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui o nā puaʻa puaʻa. Ua uhi ʻia kēia mau holoholona no ka mea ʻono, a me kā lākou mau ʻili (no ka hana ʻana i nā pale), nā iwi (no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana a me nā mea kaua) a me nā bristles (no ka brushes) ua hoʻohana pū ʻia. Ma India a me Kina, ua ʻai nā holoholona ʻōpala i ka lapuwale o ke kanaka, a ua kapa ʻia lākou hoʻi "nā lua puaʻa."
Nā māla ma ka ulu lāʻau, he aha e hana ai?
Ke hele i loko o ka ulu lāʻau, pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo i nā hana aloha. Ke holo wikiwiki nei ka paiki a he mana loa kona, a ʻo kahi hālāwai me ia e hiki ke hoʻopau i ka hilahila. Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻe e make mai nā puaʻa ʻehā ma mua o nā hiola (ratio 12:10). He mau manawa i make ai ka tiger i kekahi puaʻa.
He mau maka maikaʻi ʻole ka holoholona holoholona, akā he maikaʻi ke hoʻolohe a me ke ʻano o ka ʻono. Ke komo nei i kahi o kahi kanaka i ka ululāʻau, e hoʻāʻo ka puʻu e pale aku i ka hālāwai.
ʻAʻole komo ke kāne i ka ʻai o ke kōwī. No laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke kali no ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā kūlana kūikawā. Hoʻopilikia ka holoholona i ke kanaka i ka hopena o lākou a me kā lākou poʻe mamo.
E nānā mākou i ka pehea e hoʻowalewale ai i kahi puaʻa hihiu i ka nahele inā manaʻo ʻoe e pili ana i kona hele ʻana mai. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻoiai e neʻe leo nui ana, e hana i nā leo, nā lole ʻoihana. E lohe ke holoholona a hoʻāʻo e peʻe.
Hōʻea kūlike
Inā i mālama ʻia nā hana āpau āpau, akā he mea weliweli weliweli naʻe nō hoʻi, pono ʻia kekahi mau lula e pale ai i nā hopena. He aha e hana inā hālāwai wau i ka puaʻa hihiu i ka nahele?
Lawe iā ʻoe iho i kekahi o nā hana nui. ʻAʻole holo, pono ʻoe e noho mālie. Hōʻalo kahi puaʻa hihiu i kahi kanaka a haʻalele me ka ʻole e ʻike i ka pilikia.
Akā inā ua makaʻu ka pākela, huhū a hui ʻole ʻoe iā ia i ka wā o ka rut, a ʻo ʻoe ke hoʻopalewale i ka wahine me ka puaʻa, a laila he ʻino kēia. I ka holo ʻana o nā holoholona, ʻaʻole e makaʻu lākou i kekahi mea.
Inā huhū kekahi pila, ʻaʻole maopopo iā ia ka makaʻu. A ʻoiai ka holo lele o ka holoholona (30 km / h), e hopu ʻia ia me kekahi kanaka i ʻelua ala. No laila, ʻaʻole i ulu pono ka holo ʻana iā ia. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻoluliluli a hoʻohuli paha. ʻO ka hopena, e puka ka puka i waho mai kēia kūlana weliweli i ka ʻaoʻao. Akā makemake kēia i ka dexterity maikaʻi. Ua lanakila wale kekahi ma ia hana hoʻopunipuni. I ka hihia a pau ka mea e hana ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo iā ʻoe iho i mālama ʻia - ke hele hou ʻole mai ka pila. Inā naʻe, e holo hou ʻo ia i kekona mua, pono hou ʻoe e lele hou i ka ʻaoʻao a lele a hiki ʻoe i ka peʻe.
ʻAʻole kūpono ia ke pale ʻana, ʻaʻole ia e lawe i nā hopena. ʻO kahi pahi paha a kī paha e pono e pololei a kuhikuhi i ka maka, ʻāʻī a me ka pepeiao.
Aia kahi koho pono aʻe - piʻi i kahi lāʻau a noho i laila no kahi manawa. ʻO ka mea mua, e nānā ka puaʻa iā ʻoe ma lalo, akā ma hope o kahi manawa e waiho ia.