1. ʻO nā manu Guillemots ka manu nui loa o ka ʻohana purebred e noho nei ma ka wahi.
He laulā nui ʻo Kayra ma ka ʻĀkau Honu a he kamaʻāina mau ʻo High North.
2. Kayr - ka mea nui i koho nui ʻia o ka ulu ʻana o nā Arctic. Kāpili lākou lāua i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Eurasia. I kēia lā, aia ma kahi o 3 miliona mau manu kēia manu.
3. Noho ʻo Kayr ma nā kahakai o Novaya Zemlya, Iceland a me Greenland. ʻO ka home o kēia manu ka ʻo Franz Josef Land a me Svalbard. Ua palena ʻia ka palena hikina o ke ola ʻo Kodiak Island a me nā mokupuni ʻo Aleutian, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu hema i kaupalena ʻia ke kai ʻo Alaska.
4. I ko lākou ola a pau ke pili ʻana o kēia mau manu i ka huki waii, kahi a lākou e ʻimi ai, pūlea a ola.
5. ʻO ka murre i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā māmākena ʻehā. Pākuʻi ʻia ka pīpī a me ke aihileka, nā kīʻaha like ʻole o ka nui a me ka mānoanoa o ke koi.
Nā pāmai kiko pihili
6. ʻO nā guillemots kikoʻī maʻamau ke ʻano o ka nui o nā kālā. I ka ʻōlelo o ka kala, ʻo ka guillemot kekahi mea hoʻomanaʻo i ka penguin, he ʻāpana like me ia a me ka ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano o ka guillemot e nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa: ke lōʻihi o ke kino 45-55 kenimika, ke kaupaona ʻo 900 mau kekona - 1.5 kilokilā.
7. Uaʻike nui ʻia ke kino o ka murre umauma i ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe a i lalo. Hoʻohū ʻia a ʻoi ʻia ka hiʻu e like me ka penguin maoli. ʻO ka ikaika o kēia ʻano o ke guillemot, he ikaika loa, mānoʻo, koi a kūlou i lalo.
8. ʻOi aku ka makemake i nā wai arctic i hoʻomoʻi ʻia. I loko o nā kahui nui, ua hui pū ʻia ka guillemother paʻa-piha i nā ʻelele i manawaleʻa ʻia o nā ʻano, nā manuʻa, nā T-shirt a me nā manu ʻē aʻe.
9. ʻO ka guillemot pākuhi, i mea he ʻelena maoli o ke kai kuahiwi, he mea nui ia o ka neʻe polar.
10. ʻO ka pale o kēia manu e lawe ʻia ana i kekahi mau wahi mālama a me nā hoʻolaʻa, ma nā wahi āpau e kolo ai i ka manu a hoʻoilo paha ka hoʻoilo.
Nā kumuhana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
11. ʻO ka nui o ka guillemot aniani-pahu e pili ana iā 40-45 kenimika, ʻo ke kaupaona ʻaʻole eʻoi aku i ka 1 kilokika, a ʻo nā ʻēheu he 70 kenimika.
12. ʻO ka murre ka mānoanoa ʻāʻī o kahi lei pōkole, ʻaʻohe ona hina hina ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, ʻona ʻia kona ʻili a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā māmala ʻalaʻula.
13. ʻElima mau huaʻōlelo kūlima o nā guillemot aniani, ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ma ko lākou wahi punahele. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i nā kihi o ka waha i loaʻa wale i nā māka i hele mai-a me ka poʻe o ka mania i loaʻa i nā ʻano guillemot.
14. Ma Scotland, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā kuleana kūikawā no nā guillemots pīpī, i loaʻa i ka papa inoa o nā holoholona i mālama ʻia. Aia lākou ma ka moku o Fula, ke poʻo ʻo Cape Samboro a me ka mokupuni o Noss.
15. Ma Iceland, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā guillemots iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka heluna o ka ʻāina.
ʻOiai ʻoiai ua like nā mea like o nā ʻano like ʻole o kekahi, ua like ʻole nā guillemots i hele ʻole e like me ke ʻano o nā loiloi.
17. ʻAʻohe mea like me ka wai o ka guillemot, eia ka ʻōmaikaʻi o ka manu. Ma lalo o ka wai, lele koke a holo ʻia, hoʻopuʻi ʻia e nā ʻēheu a me ka ʻūhā, a hiki ke hoʻololi koke i ka hemo o ka neʻe. ʻOiai ʻo ka iʻa liʻiliʻi loa ʻole e haʻalele ia i kahi predator.
18. Akā ma ka lewa a ma ka ʻāina, ua like ke ʻano o ka manu - ua paʻakikī no ka guillemot e neʻe ma luna o ka hau no ka pōkole.
19. Pono ʻo Kayra i nā kai ʻĀkau a me nā kaʻe, kahi nui nā iʻa. Manaʻe nui ka manu ʻoiai i nā wela haʻahaʻa loa. Akā, no ke ola maʻamau, pono ka guillemot i ka meaʻai a me ka wai ʻole.
20. Huli ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, kahi kokoke i ka hema hema e neʻe ana ka guillemot i ka hoʻoilo.
21. Kayra - he manu lele nui nui na ia e lulu i ka lewa. ʻO nā ʻēheu liʻiliʻi a me kahi kino lahilahi ʻaʻole i ʻae i nā pū e loaʻa.
22. No kēia hana, piʻi ʻo ka wahine maoli o nā ʻūlau i nā pali a ua puka mai nā pali kiʻekiʻe, lele ʻoi ʻo ia i ka eheu, lele ʻana i kona mau ʻēheu, iho, a puʻu ʻana me ka puʻu, komo ʻo ia i nā ʻōpū o ka lewa, e ʻāwili koke i kona mau eheu a paʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe.
23. Kuku iki ka huelo o ka guillemot no ka manu ʻana, no laila, e hoʻololi ai i ka kuhikuhi, hoʻohana ka guillemot i kāna mau wāwae nunui me nā membrane nui.
24. I ka holo ʻana, hoʻihoʻi nui ka guillemot i kona ʻāʻī, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manu.
25. E kū i ka lewa mai ka wai, pono ke holo a ka guillemot ma kahi o 10 mau mika ma ka wai o ka wai.
26. ʻO nā manu guillemots nā manu e makemake nui e noho ma nā kolone nui, pinepine me nā manu ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, shag, puʻu, a me nā huakaʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia nā manu like manu a nui nā leo manu e noho ai nā manu e noho kokoke i kēlā me kēia.
27. Ma ke kolone ʻo lākou e hoʻōho mau ai, i nā kūlana o kahi lā polima hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoikaika a puni ka uaki. Hana lākou i nā leo e like me "ar-ra", "ar-rr" a me nā mea like. ʻO ka hakakā pinepine: ʻo nā kāne no ka hakakā ʻana no kahi wahine, ʻo nā wahine - i waena o lākou iho i ka wā e hakakā ai nā wahi maikaʻi loa e hatch.
28. ʻeleʻele ka ʻāʻī o ka murre i ka ʻula, like me kona kua, akā i ka hoʻoilo, ua keokeo ka lole o ka ʻili.
29. Ma kahi o ka manawa, e waiho mau ka ʻeleʻele o ke kaʻe ʻoniʻoni.
30. Ma ke kānāwai, ʻaʻohe wahine mai ka murre kāne, ʻaʻoheʻokoʻa wale nō.
31. Noho ka noho ʻana o kēia mau mea i ka moana i loko o lākou i ka wai anuanu, e hele ana i ka ʻāina i ka wā hana wale nō, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka wā o ka wā hoʻoulu a me ka hua ʻana, ua koho ʻia nā guillemots ma nā pali.
32. E hoʻomaka ana ko lākou wā hoʻoulu ma ka hopena o ʻApelila, mua o ʻAukake. ʻO kēia ka manawa i kau ai nā wahine i kā lākou hua manu hoʻokahi, e koho ana i nā kahakai kahakai no ka hatching hua.
33. E like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūnana i kahi pūnū - e kau pololei ana i nā alakaʻi o nā pali, i loko o kahi pōpilikia i hana ʻia i nā pōhaku.
34. He koho maikaʻi loa nā guillemots i ke koho ʻana i kahi wahi hatching, e like me nā ʻōlelo he nui e hahai ʻia e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke mālama i ka hua manu a ola i ke keiki ma lalo o nā ʻano pōʻino loa.
35. ʻAʻole pono ka ʻēheu ma waho o nā palena o ka mākeke manu, aia ma lalo o 5 mika ma luna o ke kai.
36. ʻO kahi pono hou e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ka pipi ʻo ia ka wahi o ke aniani a me ka hua pā. Ma muli o kēia, ʻaʻole ia e kalalaha i ka mauna, akā e hoʻi ana, e wehewehe ana i ka pōʻai.
37. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomaka ka screening i kēia manawa: ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi pūnaʻu me nā hoalauna, ʻo kekahi mau mākua iho e hāʻule i hoʻokahi huaʻala ma lalo. Inā make ka moa a iʻa paha i kekahi manawa, hiki i ka wahine ke waiho i kahi paʻa ʻē aʻe, a ʻekolu mau manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
38. Hiki i ke kala o nā hua manu ke keʻokeʻo, hina a ʻeleʻele hoʻi, ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia kikowaena i kona ʻano o ka inclusions a me kahi mākaukau o ka ʻūhā. Hoʻokahi like kēlā me kēia hua a me nā mākua ke ʻike maʻalahi i waena o kekahi.
39. Hoʻomaopopo ka manawa hoʻolōʻihi i ka mau lā 28-36, ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana o nā mākua ʻelua i kekahi 3 hebedoma o ka moa. He mau makua aloha nui nā guillemots mai nā lā mua o ko lākou ola ʻana i kā lākou iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka iʻa.
40. A laila e hiki mai ai ka manawa ke paʻakikī i ka rifle e lawe i nā kiʻina nui o ka nui a me nā pēpē e iho ai i lalo. Ma hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana a ka pēpē, koi nā mākua i nā keiki e iho i loko o ka wai, aʻo lākou iā lākou i ka iʻa a pakele mai nā ʻenemi.
41. Hoʻopau ka ʻai i ka lā ma mua o ka iho ʻana o nā keiki i ka wai. No laila hoʻoikaika ka guillemots i nā moa e holo. ʻO ka mea ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka hulu o nā moa moa, a pau kekahi mau hiʻi i ka make.
42. akā naʻe, ka hapanui o nā pēpē e ola ana, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka momona a me ka wai momona i hoʻohui ʻia, a hui pū me ko lākou makuakāne e hele i kahi o ka hoʻoilo (hui pū nā wahine me lākou ma hope).
43. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, pau ka manawa hana, a hoʻololi ka guillemots i ko lākou wahi. Me nā mākua, ʻo nā guillemots ʻōpio e hele i ka mea mua.
44. ʻO ka ʻai nui o ka guillemot kekahi iʻa o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻāpana. I ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā i lilo ai ka liʻiliʻi, ua leʻaleʻa nā guillemotters i ka iʻa, mollusks, ʻālaʻi a me nā invertebrates a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
45. ʻO ka iʻa, e like me ke kānāwai, ua ʻai koke ʻia ma hope o ka hopu - pololei ma lalo o ka wai. Ma ka ʻāina, lawe ʻia ka waiwai pio ma waho, no ka hānai wale ʻana i nā moa.
46. Kahi mau wahi no ka guillemot e lilo nona. I kona ola a pau, lele ʻo ia i kēia wahi, lele ʻo ia ma laila a lele i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
47. Hiki i nā guillemots ke hele me ke ʻole kahakai, i ka wā e neʻe ai, lele ka manu me ka ʻole nā pilikia ma luna o ka wai hau, e waiho ana i loko o ka wai wale nō e loaʻa ai nā meaʻai.
48. ʻO ke ola maʻamau o kēia mau manu e pili ana iā 30 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ua kākau nā kānaka ʻepekema i kahi hihia o ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā guillemots - aneane 43 mau makahiki.
49. Ma ka kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, loaʻa ʻole nā guillemots i nā ʻenemi - no ke ʻano paʻakikī. I waena o nā mea wīwī, pōʻino no nā moa, nui paha nā ʻano nui o nā gull, arctic fox, raven, polar owl. Hiki pinepine i nā manu ke hāʻule i loko o ka ʻupena lawaiʻa a ʻū ʻia paha e ka hau hau. Hōʻalo pinepine, hāʻule nā hua ma muli o kaʻoiaʻiʻo nā koho a nā mākua i kahi kūpono ʻole no ka waiho ʻana. Akā ʻaʻole pili kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi a kaʻawale i ka ulu ʻana o ka lehulehu o ka murre-a me ka manawaleʻa a me ka ʻili.
50. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā manu o kēia ʻano kanaka i nā kānaka - hiki iā lākou ke ʻae i nā kānakaʻepekema e lawa, e ʻae iā lākou e aʻo hou iā lākou. Mālama ka poʻe i nā āpau āpau i ka manu ma nā wahi o nā wahi i waiho ai i nā hibillates guillemot.
Hōʻike ʻia o ka guillemot
He rahi ka nui o kēia mau manu, hiki i ko lākou kino ke lōʻihi o 40-50 cm. Ke kaupaona nei ka pākeke mai 800 mauʻu a 1.5 kilograma.
He mau ʻēheu liʻiliʻi kēia mau manu, no laila e hoʻopau lākou. Maʻalahi iā lākou e lele mai nā pali kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi loa ia e kahe i lalo mai ka pali a hoʻopuʻi wale nō i kou mau ʻēheu. E haʻalele i ka lewa, pono ka manu e holo ma waena o ka wai o ka wai no kahi 9-10 mika.
Ke kiaʻi nei nā kiaʻi i ka meaʻai.
ʻEleʻele ka plumage o ke kino o luna ma ke keʻokeʻo. Aia ke kala o ke au i ka manawa: i ke kauwela he uliuli ia, ma ka hoʻoilo he keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele ʻo Beak. Aia he 2 mau ʻano o ka guillemot: he mānoanoa-paʻa a he ʻāwili i paʻapū. ʻO waho, ʻaʻohe o nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe. Noho lāua e noho pū, akā ulu wale ka māka ma loko o kona ʻano.
ʻO ka hana a me ka meaʻai o nā guillemots
I ka pau ʻana o ka wā huna, neʻe ka poʻe guillemots mai nā pali a i nā pali a ke kaʻe o ka hau. Ua hala kēia i ka hopena o ʻAukake - i ka hoʻomaka mua o Kepakemapa, i loko o kēia manawa noho a nā manu no ka hoʻoilo. I ka wā anuanu, hoʻonui ka ʻāpana o ka hau i ka lulu, hoʻonui lākou a neʻe hoʻi nā manu i ke kūkulu hema, me lākou.
He manu ʻākau ʻo Kayra.
ʻAʻole hibernate nā manu i loko o nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi, akā ma nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, hiki i kekahi mau kanaka ke alakaʻi i kahi nohona kū hoʻokahi. Hele ka ʻimi ma lalo o ka wai. ʻO 15-20 mau mika a me nā iʻa ma laila. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai, ʻo ia ka cod, herring, capelin, gerbil, a me ka poli cod. Hoʻopili i kahi iʻa, hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka honu, nā umu, a me nā ʻōpū moana. No hoʻokahi lā polar, ua hoʻopau kēia manu i ka 300 a keu paha o ka ʻai o ka meaʻai, aʻo ka hua manuahi e waiho i ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia ka nui o ka lau no ka hapalua o ka nui o ka meaʻai.
ʻO nā kahawai o kēia mau manu he nui nā mea kanu pilikino a he ʻai no nā iʻa a me ka iʻa. ʻAi ka mea hope loa i ka mau manu o nā guillemans, ulu, hoʻonui a lilo i meaʻai no kēia mau manu.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Hōʻailona nui kēia mau manu. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia manawa i ka hopena o Mei - i ka hoʻomaka mua o Iune. Pahu ka poʻe manu i nā pali a he mau pali heʻe. He ʻāʻī nui a nā manu nā manu. I ka wā pāʻani o ka pāʻani a me ka hakakā o nā kāne no ka wahine hoʻōho a me ka leo nui. Hana nā wahine i nā leo like like, e kaʻi ana i ka ʻāina a hoʻāʻo e lanakila i kahi ʻāpana maikaʻi. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa kēlā ka ʻoluʻolu o nā manu i loko o kā lākou ʻohana.
Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua ma ko lākou wahi i kāʻili ʻia. Hoʻokahi ka hua melala. ʻAʻole pili kēia mau manu i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka pūnana. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i kahi hua ma luna o kāna mau wāwae a uhi i kona kino.
ʻAno ka makua ʻelua i ka hua manu. Hoʻokomo ka wā incubation i hoʻokahi mahina. Noho ka wahine a me ke kāne ma ke ʻano o ka hua, ʻoiai ke noho ana kekahi me ka hua e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka huluhulu lua a me ka hānai. Aia ʻo ka wā e kau ka hua ma luna o nā pōhaku i hala, i mea e pale ai iā ia mai ka hāʻule ʻana, ua hāʻawi ʻo ke ʻano iā ia me kahi ʻano like ʻole. Ua hoʻohuli ʻo ia i ka waenakonu o nā gravity. Mahalo i kēia mau mea āpau, ʻaʻole hāʻule ka hua, akā wehewehe wale ia i ka lāʻau inā pana ʻia.
Nā poʻe Guillemots ma ka pūnana.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kino o nā pēpē hānau hou loa i lalo. E hānai nā mākua a lawe mai i ka meaʻai. I ke makahiki he 3 mau pule, ua hoʻololi ʻia kahi fluff i ka plumage. ʻAʻole paʻakikī i nā manu makua e lawe i ka meaʻai i ke kao a ʻumi mau mika ma luna o ka lepo.
Hoʻomaka nā mākua hānai i nā leo e kani i ka moa i lalo i ka honua. Hoʻomaʻi ka ʻōpio i ko lākou mau ʻēheu, holo wikiwiki a hoʻolālā koke i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka wai. ʻOiai ke kolo nei o ka poʻe moa i ka ineptly a mai kahi kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i 50 mika, ʻaʻole lākou e uha. ʻO kēia no muli o ko lākou kino kino. E aʻo mai nā mamo hou i ke ola a ulu aʻe i ka wai a ma ke kahakai kahakai. I ka awelika, ola ka guillemot ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki.
Kanikau
Ma ka ulu hihiu, ʻaʻohe manu o kēia mau manu. Hiki i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i ka manu i loko o ka wai, no ka mea, ʻaʻole e hiki i nā mea kuhi ke kiʻi i nā pōhaku i noho ai kēia mau manu. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka wai o Arctic i loko ʻole o ka iʻa i kau ʻia no laila, no laila, ke kipa nei he kanaka nui ka kumu o ka guillemot.
Loaʻa pinepine nā manu i kēia lawaiʻa mai kā lākou mau ʻupena. Hiki i ke mele ke hoʻowahāwahā i ke aʻa me ka manu: e loli ana ka hau i ka moana a hāʻule ka manu i loko o kahi lāʻau ʻoiʻī. ʻAʻole hiki ke hele ka Kayra a make koke i ka make.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
Kāwili kūmole
ʻO kekahi inoa inoa no nā ʻano he puʻupuʻu pōkole (Uria lomvia) ʻO ka murre ka mānoanoa kahi ʻōweleʻeleʻele a loaʻa kahi kua-ʻeleʻele-uliuli. ʻO ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo, nā ʻaoʻao me nā hōʻeha hina hina. Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, he mea maʻamau ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻano ma Alaska a me nā mokupuni ʻo Aleutian. Hoʻokumu i nā kolone nui. Ma ke ala, ʻo nā leo nui ia o nā gerillemans i hāpai i ka huaʻōlelo ʻo "mākeke manu". Aia kā lākou ʻuʻuku ma ke ʻano o nā ʻano kamala a me nā awāwa liʻiliʻi ma nā pali kahakai. ʻO ka mea waiwai nui, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, krill a me nā mollusks, a ma hope kahi e holo ai nā manu. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Swallow i lalo o ka wai. E holo a paʻa nā guillemots i loko o ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo o ka wai hau ʻole.
Ma Lūkini, nā pūnoa paʻa guillemots i ulana mai ke kahakai Murmansk a hiki i Kamchatka a me Chukotka, a noho iā Franz Josef Land. Aia i loko o kahi i laila he 1 huaʻai me nā wahiʻeleʻele a me nā poki; ʻo kona ʻano waihoʻoluʻu mai ka keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula.
