ʻO ka pūnaewele o nā kumu lāʻau biology MBOU Lyceum № 2, Voronezh, Russian Federation

Nā kumu aʻoaʻo biology pūnaewele no 2 ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Voronezh, ʻo Russian Federation

Nā hui kūloko o nā manu ma kahi noho

• Nā ʻōiwi manuʻokoʻa ma kahi o nā pūʻulu o nā iwi ʻē aʻe lākou i nā wāwae liʻiliʻi, a me ke poʻo pālua. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ko lākou ʻāʻī, aia nā maka i nā ʻaoʻao.
• Nā manu o nā kahawai o nā loko a me nā pulu he kaki lōʻihi kona a me nā wāwae lōʻihi. Pono lākou iā lākou e loaʻa i ka meaʻai ma nā kaomi.
• Nā manu o nā wahi ākea pili ʻia i ka lele lele he mau ʻēheu ikaika loa. ʻOi ʻia ka iwi o lākou ma nā iwi o nā manu ʻē aʻe.
• ʻO nā hui hope loa kawalawaie noho kokoke, kokoke i na kino wai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau manu e kahi beak i lawa ke kōkua nui iā lākou e ʻai ai i ka iʻa.

Nā ʻōiwi o ka nahele. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā manu ʻenekele i pili me ka ululāʻau. ʻIke ka poʻe a pau i kā mākou manu ululāʻau: kipi, nā mea ili lāʻau, nā ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, ke kākā hazel, kahi keokeo ʻeleʻele, capercaillieua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia i ke ola ma nā ululāʻau. Ua pōkole lākou i nā ʻēheu lōʻihi, nā ʻolima lōʻihi. ʻAe hiki i nā manu ke hele wikiwiki a manu i waena o nā kumulāʻau.

I waena o nā manu nahele loaʻa nā mea kanu (kamahi), insectivorous, karnivorous a me omnivorous. Aia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka meaʻai, ua ʻanuʻu like nā manu i nā ʻā a me nā wāwae.

Nā manu nui nui - grika, kaʻaila ʻeleʻele, capercaillie - hoʻopau i ka manawa nui ma ka honua. Me nā wāwae ikaika, ka poʻe i hoʻouka ʻia me nā pale nui, ʻōlehu lākou i ka ʻōpala lāʻau, koho i nā hua kanu, nā mea hihiu, a me nā ʻūhā. ʻAi aku ka ʻōpio me nā beaks ikaika, nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu, ʻai i nā blueberries wai, blueberries, lingonberries.

Kahi maʻamau no nā manu ulu magpie a goshawk : mau ʻēheu pōkole pōkole a me ka huelo lōʻihi. ʻO kēia mau manu manu i nani nani i waena o nā kumulāʻau, loaʻa nā lele holo manu. Akā, e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā meaʻai like ʻole, ʻanuʻu like nā wāwae a me nā ʻōpū. Hawk - hoʻokaʻawale: nā manu liʻiliʻi like ʻole ka lawelawe ʻana i ka waiwai. Me nā wāwae ikaika, paʻa ʻia me nā kīwaha ikaika, hopu ke ka ʻai i ka mea i pio, me ka mau puʻupuʻu i kālai ʻia ai. He paʻu meli ka pāpaʻu he mea kōkua ke ʻai iā ia i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole mea nui): hōʻiliʻili i nā hua a me nā hua mai ka ʻāina, e hopu i nā iniseti, ʻōpala, kekahi pīpī nui, a hopu paha i kahi kaʻu liʻiliʻi.

Nā manu o nā wahi ākea noho i ka nahele, nā anuʻu, nā wao. Hoʻohana pinepine lākou i ka ʻāina, e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai i waena o nā mea kanu. He mau wāwae ikaika ko lākou a me ka ʻāī lōʻihi, e ʻae iā lākou e ʻike i ka ʻenemi ma kahi mamao loa. ʻO kekahi o nā mea maʻamau o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻāina o kā mākou ʻāina lunanui . ^ E Ha yM. He manu nui kēia e kaupaona ana 15-16 kg, hānai nui i nā meaʻai kanu. Ke wehe nei i kahi kala pale, ke hūnā pinepine ia i ka mea kanu, lilo i ʻike ʻole. Hoʻomoe ʻo Nest i ka ʻāina, ma nā wahi o ke kiʻekiʻe wāwae. ʻAno ʻōpili lau ʻōpala. Ma muli o ka palu ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu wahine, ua emi nui ka nui o nā pika a ua komo i loko o ka Red Book o Rūsia.

ʻO nā manu ākea ākea ʻstrhai .

Nā wai wai ʻaoa maikaʻi, holo nui. He pēpē ʻaihue like lākou, me ka membranes i ko lākou mau wāwae, a ua hoʻoneʻe nei ko lākou mau wāwae i hope. Ua neʻe lākou i ka honua a puni, he puʻu awkward, me ka hiit duck. ʻO ka mānoanoa ka mānoanoa me nā waiwai wai-repellent: pale ʻia ka holoi ʻana ʻana i nā hulu ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka aʻi palupalu, me nā manu e hoʻomāʻala pono i ka plumage. Mau ʻelele o ka wai wai - lawoloʻālikamāʻani puaʻa .

ʻO kahi mea hōʻike maʻamau o ka wai wai - lōu mallard e ai ana i ka wai papau. Ma nā kihi o kāna beve pākaha nāu ʻehā. ^ E Ha yM. Me ka pani ʻole ʻana i nā ʻōpala ma o ka laulima i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻōpala, nā kīʻī i ka wai, a waiho i nā mea ʻai i loko o kā lākou waha: crustaceans, pepeke pepeke, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, a me nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu. ʻAi ʻo Mallard ma nā hohonu hohonu. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona poʻo i loko o ka wai, huli a hoʻohuli i ka hope o ke kino mai ka wai, hōʻiliʻili ʻo ia mai lalo a kānana i ka meaʻai. Hana nā mallards i nā ʻōpū ma waena o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka lihi no ka manu kāna mau hulu iho i hoʻoili ʻia mai ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū. A hoʻopili i nā hua 8-14. ʻAno ʻōpili lau ʻōpala.

Nā manu o nā kahawai o nā loko a me nā pulu noho ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā loko a me nā wai ʻole, he nui nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka hoʻolālā. He lōʻihi nā wāwae lōʻihi a lākou a me ka ʻāʻī, he beak nunui. Ma nā wahi pāpū, ko lākou kino, kiʻekiʻe i luna o ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole e maloʻo. ʻAi lākou i nā rana, nā iʻa, nā pepeke, ʻehā, nā mollusks. Ke neʻe nei i ka waʻu a me nā pāpū moana, hopu lākou i ka waiwai me ka beak, e like me ka tweezers. Penei piʻi, ʻona, pale . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou e pili ana i nā kahe, ʻaʻole mamao mai ka wai, nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻonohonoho i nā nests ma nā lāʻau. Ua noho lōʻihi nā Storks ma hope o nā kānaka. Mālama ka poʻe iā lākou ma o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā kahua no nā nests.

Seab - Nā guillemots, make nā make, seagulls - ʻano mākeke manu ma nā pali piʻi. Ua hoʻololi ʻia lākou ma kahi e kū pono aʻe ma luna o ke kai.

Nā hui kūloko o nā manu ma nā wahi e noho ana

He ʻelima hui o nā manu i ka huina. na wahi noho. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ka mea i hana wale ʻia i ka nano kahi i noho ai kēia mau manu:

• ʻAi manu kolohe kūkulu i kā lākou nests, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, i ka lei o nā kumulāʻau ( ʻAlaʻa, ʻike mālamalama ).
• Nā manu Shrub waiho i nā honu a i ʻole ma nā pua. Wren, Robin ).
• Ka lawaiʻa ʻana hoʻoholo e kau kūpono i kā lākou pūnana. larks, skates, buntings, pale ).
• Nā manu ʻōlohelohe ola ke ola āpau ( nāhea lāʻau, pi, pikas, flytraps ).
• A me nā manu o nā manu hope loa,Nā makika (lawaiʻa kai, bee-eater, Kingf Maka), e noho i nā lua wai, i lalo i lalo.

Nā hui ʻalani o nā manue ke ʻano o ka meaʻai

Ma kēia kumu, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pūʻulu ʻehā. Kūkulu nā ʻelele o kēlā me kēia o kekahi ʻano meaʻai.

• Nā manu Inikini (l. kipi a i ʻole pikas ) he mau nane ʻoki māiʻu e hiki ai iā lākou ke huki i kā lākou mauʻu mai nā lau a i ʻole e wehe ai i nā ʻokiʻoki.
• Nā ʻōiwi Herbivorouskomo me laulau (l. ʻekaʻula ) loaʻa i kahi puʻupuʻu ikaika kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke uhaʻe i ka pā o ka lau o ka hua. A ʻo nā koi koi o ka pūliki e kōkua iaʻu e huki i nā hua mai nā cones o nā ʻano nui.
• Nā manu o kā pio (l. ʻaila ) ʻai, hānai i nā manu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. He mau wāwae ikaika lākou me nā puʻuwai ikaika, hoʻomaikaʻi iā lākou e hopu ai.
• Nā manu ʻōiwi (l. magpie ) loaʻa he bee-cone like ʻole e kōkua iā lākou e ʻai i nā ʻano like ʻole.

Nā lawaiʻa kaiʻaikipi, pika, na 'lii, laau he mau ʻno ʻāhiu a lākou e ʻae ai iā lākou e hele i nā pepeke mai loko o ka ʻala o ka ʻili, lawe iā lākou mai nā lau, a e hoʻolei iā lākou mai nā leona o nā cone. Loaʻa nā ʻuki a me nā manamana lima lōʻihi i kēia mau manu e noho i nā lālā.

Kahi hui ʻano manu e ʻai ana i ka lewa - aku a manuʻala . ^ E Ha yM. ʻAi lākou i ko lākou ola āpau i ka lewa, mai ka kakahiaka a ke ahiahi, ʻohi i nā iniseti. He mau ʻēheu lōʻihi na lākou i ka ʻihi. He liʻiliʻi ka beak, a nui ka ʻāpana waha, i nā kihi o ka waha i waho aʻe o nā maka. Me ka waha ākea ākea, hopu lākou i nā mea inikini lele, akā ʻo ka nui o ka piko o ka waha e hoʻonui i nā bristles e loaʻa ana ma nā kihi o ka waha. Ma ke kau maloo, lele nā ​​inikini kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka papa, a i ka piʻi ʻana o ke anuanu, e maloʻo nā ʻēheu o nā ʻeke, lele ma luna o ka lepo. Huli nā ʻōwili a me nā alāʻau e hahai iā lākou, no laila ʻo ka lele o nā hua a me nā wikiwiki e wānana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka ua.

Pahu manu – ʻekaʻula, ua pahee, na laau oka . ^ E Ha yM. He iwi ikaika nō lākou, ka mea e hoʻokaʻawale i nā sopa nāhelehele o ka hua. No laila, ea laau oak kūleʻa nui i nā hua ikaika a me ka hua manu. Nā kihi o nā beak i kū ʻia ʻōpio ae ʻae iā lākou e hoʻopuʻi i nā hua kanu mai ka pine a puna i ka puna.

Loaʻa nā hōʻailona maʻamau nā mea hoʻopiʻi. ^ E Ha yM. He mau wāwae ikaika ko lākou, ka pū kaua me nā puʻupuʻu koi, he beak ʻano ʻoi. Ua loaʻa kēia mau hōʻailona nā mea hoʻoiho lā manu Kauwauwa a oe no ʻāleʻa pili ana i nā mele mele. ʻO ka ʻai nui o nā mea ʻōpiopio he mau holoholona liʻiliʻi, kahi a lākou e nānā ai mai kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, e lele ana ma luna o nā mahina. Hāpai nā mea manuahi i nā manu liʻiliʻi, e ʻai i ka iʻa, nā pepeke nui. Holo nani nā manu o ka waiwai, i waena o lākou e lōʻihi e kū nei, no ka laʻana mea aloha nuiʻaʻano a ʻōpio . ^ E Ha yM. Holoi nā mea aloha i ka lewa, a laila, ke diving ma ia, hiki ke hele aku i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 300 km / h. He mau ʻēheu ākea lākou, ke hāʻawi nei i ka lele wikiwiki.

Hōʻailona

ʻAʻole hoʻi ke kai, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole holo nā moku, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hele - ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia kahi ʻano uahi i ka puke kahiko.

He kaiāulu nui ka ʻono i ko mākou ʻāina. E nānā i ka palapala kino o Lūkia: kahi i noho nui ai nā wahi nunui. Kāleka, hummocks, bogs, reeds, rare shrubs.

Pehea ka hana ʻana i kahi pua? I kekahi manawa ma laila he wahi kai liilii ma kēia wahi no ka loaʻa ʻole o ka wai; Loaʻa nā lilia a me nā lilia mai lalo. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ulu a ʻohe a me nā ʻula i ke alo o nā kaila a hiki i ka wai, hoʻopili ʻia me nā kumu lāʻau, e uhi ana i ka wai, kau ʻia nā moʻo ma luna o nā kumu lāʻau, ua kāhi lākou i ka wai me ka wai ʻoʻe. ʻEhia mau makahiki i hala, a ua hopu pio nā mea kanu i ka loko a paʻa i ka wai. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa ʻo ka mānoanoa. A laila ma kahi ʻeleʻele kahi palupalu i kūkulu ʻia i lalo. ʻO ia ke kumu, iā ʻoe ke hele nei ma ke kahawai, nā pūpū hāleo, e piʻa ana nā wāwae, a nānā, ʻaʻole ʻoe e pōmaikaʻi. Malia paha ua kahe kahe a kahe a lulu me ka mauʻu i nā wahi i lalo a i ʻole a pīpī paha i ke kī mai ka lepo a hoʻomoʻi i nā mea āpau a puni ka wai. ʻO kēia ke ʻano o nāʻu wai wai - nā mākeke - i kū mai ma kēia mau wahi.

Kanu lāʻau

Nui ka wai - ʻo ia ka mea, ua hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā mauʻu a me nā mea kanu ulu a me nā manu me nā manu e ʻike ʻoe i ka waila wale nō. Uhiʻi ʻia ka ihu o kekahi mau māhi i nā mosses. Mahele nui ka wai i hiki ke komo i loko o ka mh sphagnum moss, i loko o ka olelo Helene kahi "sponge".

Loaʻa iā Sphagnum kahi hana kūikawā e pepehi ai i nā wahi maʻi. No laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā koena o nā mea make, hōʻiliʻili ma lalo o kahi ʻāpana o ka moss, condense, a ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻomohala ʻia - kahi mea kanu hiki ke hoʻāla ʻia. Hiki i ke peat peat ke hele aku i nā mita 3-4 mau a keu aʻe. Aia ma luna o kēia kao ʻaki kahi e ola ai nā kānaka ʻē aʻe o ke kuahiwi. Hoʻomoʻa loa ʻia ʻo Peat i ka wai, a aneane ua loaʻa ʻole nā ​​oxygen i mea e pono ai ka pūnika. No laila, hiki i nā mea ulu wale ke ulu i nā māhoe. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ka rosemary, sedge, a me nā cranberry e noho i luna o ka pahu mānoanoa o ka moss (Fig. 3-5).

Kuhi. 3. Lula Ledum

I waena o nā mea kanu marm, ʻoi aku ka mahalo nui ʻia o nā huaola. Ua ʻohiʻohi ka poʻe i kēia lāʻau hoʻōla. Ma ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā hua kanu, ulu nā hua momona ʻē aʻe i nā ʻapu: blueberries, cloudberries.

I nā nāwaliwali, nā mea kanu lāʻau e like me ka mauʻu palaoa, reed, calamus, reed a me ka cattail i hoʻohālikelike ʻia (Fig. 7, 8).

Loaʻa iā Rogoz nā poʻo nui melemele i hoʻopili ʻia mai nā lauoho hulu. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā ʻala ma lalo o nā lauoho, i ka wā o ka wā lohi, a maloʻo nā hua, maloʻo nā lauoho a lilo ia i māmā loa ke poʻo. Ua ʻeha ʻoe iā ia a e lele wale ka ʻulaʻula māmā iā ʻoe. Ma nā lauoho parachute, hānai nā hua cattail i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole. I ka makahiki hope, ua hana ʻia nā hāmeʻa mai kēia puʻupuʻu. Ua hana ʻia ka lole pale pōpuni mai ka ʻā o ka pēpē.

Loaʻa nā mea kanu keu. ʻO Sundew a me pemphigus kahi mea kanu predator.

Hopu a Dewdrop i kā nā pepeke. Hoʻokele a me nā kelepona nā lā, pehea lā e hoʻoweliweli ai kēia mea kanu iā lākou? ʻO nā lau liʻiliʻi o ka lālani i uhi ʻia me nā lauoho liʻiliʻi a me nā pūpū o ka wai pā e like me ka hau, nona ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ka lālani. Hoʻomoʻa ka hoʻonaninani kumulima o nā lau a me nā pūliki i nā iniseti, akā nō naʻe peʻa i ka makue a i kahi lele paha e noho ana ma luna o kahi mea kanu, kū koke ia i ia. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia ka lau, a ʻo kona mau ʻāpana paʻa i ke kō i nā wai ʻona a pau o ka pepeke. No ke aha i lilo ai ka lālani i mea kanu lāʻau? No ka mea, ma ka moʻo lepo maloʻo ua nele ʻo ia i nā mea kanu. Hiki i kahi sundew ke lō a hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻūlake he 25 i kēlā me kēia lā.

Ma nā ʻano like like me ka hopu ʻana a me ka flytrap venus.

Kuhi. 10. ʻO Venus Flytrap (Kūmole)

Loaʻa iā ia nā lau e kokoke ana e like me ke ʻāʻī i ka wā e hoʻopā ai kekahi i nā lauoho ma luna o ka lau o nā lau. No ka mea ʻolua kēia mau mea kanu, pono e pale ʻia.

Ua piʻi mai ʻo Pemphigus me kekahi ʻaina ʻē aʻe, ua kāhea lākou i kēia mea kanu no nā mea ʻala maloʻo palu, kahi i uhi ʻia i kona nūpepa ma ke ʻano he kiko (Fig. 11, 12)

Kuhi. 11. Pūnaewele Pemphigus (Punawai)

Kuhi. 12. Pemphigus (Punawai)

Aia nā lau āpau o ka mea kanu i ka wai, ʻaʻohe kumu kumu, a kahi ʻōpala lahilahi wale me nā pua melemele e piʻi aʻe ma luna o ka ʻili. Pono nā mea kanu i ka ʻūhā no ka hopu, a ua pau kēia mauʻu i nā mea mālama aku: nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, nā māla wai, nā ciliates. Ma kēlā me kēia pūpū kahi hana hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha maikaʻi a i ka manawa like kekahi o nā mea hoʻonaninani. Hoʻopili kahi puka kūikawā i ka lulu a hiki i kahi mea hana ke hoʻopā i nā lauoho o kēia lua. A laila e wehe nā aʻa, a holomo ka lulu i ka hana. ʻAʻole hiki hou ke kau i waho o ka lulu; ʻo ka pale, e like me ka puka i ka lumi, e wehe wale i kahi hoʻokahi. I loko o nā pūpū he mau aniani e hoʻopuka ana i ka wai ʻono. I kēia wai, hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻai, a laila huhū e ka mea kanu. He pale a maikaʻi loa ʻo Pemphigus. Ma hope o 20 mau minuke, ua mākaukau ka pūpū e hopu hou i kahi mea hou.

Holoholona holoholona

Pehea i hana ʻia ai nā holoholona o nā huluhulu i ke ola ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa? Ma waena o ka poʻe noho o nā ʻōpū, ʻike ʻia kahi rana. Mālama ka ʻōpala i nā baki i ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou ʻili i kahi maloʻo, a me ka nui o nā huaka i hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou i nā meaʻai. ʻO nā kumuhulu, nā kahe wai e noho ana ma nā kapa kahawai o nā kahawai: hiki i kekahi ke ʻike i kahi nahesa a me ka ʻāʻī puha.

Ua lohe anei ʻoe i ka ʻōlelo ʻana: Pane kēlā me kēlā ke koholu ke hoʻomaikaʻi aku i kāna ʻapu? " ʻO Sandpiper ka manu lulu, like me ko ka seagull. He pelu palekana kēia manu, me kona beak lōʻihi, loaʻa i kahi mea hana manu i loko o nā ʻoka o nā mākaʻi lūlū e huna ana ma laila.

Loaʻa i nā pupuʻu e hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻoneka a me nā cranes, he mau wāwae lōʻihi a palupalu kēia mau manu, ke ʻae nei iā lākou e hele ma nā palaka maloʻo palu ʻole me ka hāʻule ʻole.

ʻAi nā ʻona a me nā poli i nā baki, nā mollusks, nā ʻōpū, nā mea he nui i ka maʻa. E makemake ana nā wahi keʻokeʻo ke leʻaleʻa i nā hua momona i loko o ke kaō, a me ka moose a me ke kao ʻōiwi e like me nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu.

I ke ahiahi a me nā pō, ua like ke kūnaka o ke kanaka me ke kani o ka bipi. ʻAʻole i haʻi wale aku ka poʻe i kēia mea! E like ia me ka wai wai i haki ʻia a i ʻole hoʻi i ʻīlio pu me ia ka puʻe ʻana. ʻO wai ke ʻaka a ʻakaʻaka i ke kakō? He manu liʻiliʻi nui ka manu manu me ka uwila.

Nui ka leo nui o ka bittern, e pālahalaha ana ma kahi o 2-3 mau wahi ma ia wahi. Noho ʻo Bittern ma nā moena ʻohe, i ka ʻohe. Holoi ia i nā bitterns no nā crucians, perches, pikes, frogs a me nā tadpoles. No nā hola he neʻe ʻole ka inu ʻana ma loko o ka luawai kokoke i ka wai a kahe koke ʻo ia i ka nū hou me ke anawa - a ʻaʻole hiki i ka iʻa. Hoʻomaka ʻoe e ʻimi nei i kahi ala liʻiliʻi i ke alāwi - a hele ia. E hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻo ia i kāna puʻupu me ke kuʻekuʻe, e hohola i kona ʻāʻī, a hiki ʻole ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai kahi puʻu o nā lau maloʻo a me ka ʻoi paha.

Akā ʻaʻole wale ke kahe wale ʻana a ka pō i ka pō. Eia kekahi manu lele o ka manu hihiu e noho ana ma kahi lālā. Ma aneane he 80 kenimita lōʻihi.

He pōkole kēia i ka pō a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻopakele iā ia no nā manu a i ʻole ka lāʻau. A ʻakaʻaka ʻo ia i ka ʻōpū ma ke ʻanoʻele.

Hiki i nā mea noho o nā wahi marshy i kekahi manawa ke nānā aku i kahi mea kupanaha loa, me ka nui o nā kukui ʻālamalama i loko o ke kaone. Pehea kēia? ʻAʻole i hele mai ka poʻe noiʻi i kuʻikahi i kēia pilikia. Hoʻolaha paha kēia e ka hau haukapila. E kau mai kona mau ʻale i ka ea a hoʻomālamalama i ka lewa.

ʻO ka mea huna o nā kukui uila

ʻAʻole makaʻu nā kānaka i nā haʻapu.Ua ʻimi lākou e hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻohana i ka ʻāina no ka hānai a me nā mahina ʻai, a no laila ua noʻonoʻo lākou e kōkua i ke kūlohelohe. Pela anei? He pōmaikaʻi nui ka ʻono. ʻO ka mua, he waihona wai kūlohelohe wai maʻamau. E kahe ana nā wai e kahe ana a loko o nā kahea i nā wai nui a me nā kaʻe. Ma ka ua, nui nā ʻuʻuku i nā ʻōpala nui e like me ka sponges. A ma nā makahiki maloʻo lākou e mālama ai i ka wai mai ka maloʻo ʻana. No laila, ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai ma nā pāpaho, lilo ka wai a me ka loko. Ka huluhulu Vasyugan - kekahi o nā kaapu nui loa ma ka honua, ʻoi kona wahi ma kahi nui o ke kīwī o Switzerland.

Kuhi. 19. Kūʻai aku Vasyugan (Source)

Aia ma waena o nā muliwai Ob a me Irtysh. Kīhi ʻia ka muliwai ʻo Vasyugan ma kēia āulu. Holo nā wai e like me ke kaʻo Volga, Dnieper, a me Moskva River mai nā waikahe. ʻO ka lua, he mau kānana kūlohelohe nā swamp. Hele ka wai i loko o lākou i nā māla lau o nā mea kanu, kahi papa o ka lepo a hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka lepo, nā mea ʻona, nā mikrob pathogen. E kahe ana ka wai maʻemaʻe i nā kahawai mai nā pōmele. ʻO ke kolu, nā mea kanu hua waiwai e ulu i nā kaila: cranberry, cloudberries, blueberries. ʻO lākou ka kō, nā huaora, nā minelala. Kūleʻa nā lāʻau lapaʻau i nā kaalulu. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka wā nui o ka Kaua Patriotic War, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka sphagnum moss e like me ke kapa no ka hoʻōla wikiwiki i nā hōʻeha. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Dewdrop e mālama i nā koikoi a me nā pā. Hoʻopili ia, ʻo ka swamp kahi hale kula hana kūlohelohe i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka pauku a me ka hoʻōla.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka pua

Hoʻomaopopo: ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokokoke i nā ʻōpala a me nā minela ma ka lua i loko o ka punawai! He mea koʻikoʻi loa kēia.

E hele mai nā bears, deer, boars wildlife, moose, roe deer i nā puʻu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea e loaʻa ai nā meaʻai no lākou iho.

ʻO ka ʻāpana kahi wahi e pono ai e like me nā ululāʻau a me nā ʻulāʻau, pono pono iā lākou e pale ʻia. ʻO ka luku ʻana i nā pūkini e alakaʻi i kahi loli i ke ʻano ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. I kēia manawa, lawe ʻia nā ʻano he 150 o Rūma ma lalo o ka pale.

Hoʻāla manaʻo

I kēia lā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻike hou e pili ana i ke kaomi kahi kaiāulu kūlohelohe a hālāwai me kāu poʻe noho.

Kuhikuhina

1. Vakhrushev A.A., Danilov D.D. Ka puni honua 3. - M.
2. Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. ʻO ka honua a puni 3. - M .: Kauʻa Pūnaewele "Fedorov".
3. Pleshakov A.A. Ka puni honua 3. - M .: E hoʻonaʻauao.

Hoʻohui hou ʻia nā ʻike pūnaewele pūnaewele aʻe

Kuhiwuhi

1. He aha nā pāpū?
2. No ke aha ʻaʻole e maloʻo nā ʻōpū?
3. He aha nā holoholona e loaʻa i loko o ka repo?

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi hewa a i ʻole kahi laha i haki ʻia, e ʻoluʻolu e ʻike iā mākou - e hana i kāu hāʻawi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hana.