ʻAno ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano e kāna ʻāpana ʻāʻī i luna, a hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka paʻakai keʻokeʻo-ʻeleʻele a me nā wāwae ʻulaʻula lōʻihi, ʻaʻohe ʻano o ka moʻomeheu wahine. I ka wā'ōpiopio, he brownish-hina ke kumu o nā plumage o nā kala ʻeleʻele.

Kahele. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO Migratory, heleʻe a, ma kekahi mau wahi, noho kau i nā mea i loaʻa ma Eurasia a me ʻApelika. Kālala ʻokoʻa ma ʻEulopa, noho nui nā wahi kai. ʻO nā wilo ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka laulā, a hiki i ke kula waena a me ʻAmelika. I Italia, he heluna kanaka he 1,200–1,800 mau pulu ʻaina. Maanei, ua hoʻopaʻa pono ʻo 4,000-700 mau kanaka i kā lākou winters, ʻoiai ma ke kahakai Adriatic a ma Sardinia.

Hoʻaiho. ^ E Ha yM. ʻUʻuku loa ia i nā wahi kahawai kokoke i ka wai paʻakai, ʻoi loa ia i nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala nā hoʻopuni ʻia e ka wai, hamama a me nā mea kanu ulu. Ma kekahi mau wahi, ʻike ʻia ke shiloklyuvk ma loko o nā wai wai i uka.

Biology. ^ E Ha yM. Nā kolana kiʻi, maʻamau hoʻokūkū ʻia me nā pahu hana ʻē aʻe, nā gull a me nā ʻāpana. Mai ʻApelila a Iune, ka lōlihi ia he 4 mau huaʻai ʻulaʻula me nā ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, kahi i hoʻomaka ai nā mākua ʻelua no 23-25 ​​mau lā. Noho manuahi nā puʻu i nā makahiki he 35-45 lā. ʻO hoʻokahi masonry i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ke kū mau nei ka leo, like me ke kani o kahi kani. ʻO ka papaʻai no nā invertebrates. Lele koke ʻo ia, ʻoiai ka lohi ʻana o nā ʻēheu.

ʻIke maoli nō. ^ E Ha yM. Mālama ʻo Shiloklyuvka i ka wai pāpio, ʻoiai e kahe ana ʻo ia i ka beak a hoʻoneʻe iā lākou mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a ʻaoʻao, e hohola ana i ka lepo a e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka mea pio. E kaomi maʻalahi a ʻoluʻolu, me ke kumu o ke aniani o ka neʻe ʻana i mua.

ʻOi palekana. ^ E Ha yM. Aia i loko o kekahi mau wahi o ka laula, hoʻemi ka nui o kēia mau ʻano ma muli o nā loli kūlohelohe, akā ma nā wahi i pale ʻia ʻia e ʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.

ShilokokpRecurvirostra avosetta)

Nā Kūlike Huihui

Mai kahi mamao aku, hiki ke kahili ʻia ka shiloklyuv no kahi seagull. Eia nō naʻe, ma kahi o nā loiloi e ʻike maʻalahi ʻia, i loko o kahi ākea, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea mua e hopu ai i kou maka, he beak a lōʻihi, nā ʻōpū i paʻa i ka hapalua apical - ʻo kēia hiʻohiʻona hoʻokaʻawale i ka manu mai kona pili a me ka like me nā ʻano manu like, i kū ai ka lāʻau ma kahi pōkole. ʻOi aku ka nui o Shiloklyuv - ʻo kona lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 42-46 cm, nā ʻēheu 67-77 cm, he keʻokeʻo ka plumage ma ka ʻokoʻa o ke kapa ʻeleʻele, e hā lōʻihi ana i hope o ke poʻo a me ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka ʻāʻī, a me nā kaʻe ʻeleʻele o ka ʻēheu. Hoʻopili a kū pololei ke kihi. Hoʻolaha nā wāwae, me nā membrane kauʻau. ʻAkele uliuli ka ʻulaʻula. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā ʻōleʻa a me nā wahine a like ʻole i ka nui a me ke kala mai kekahi i kekahi, koe wale nō i ka wahine i ke kumu o ka beak e ʻoi aku ka māmā, a nānā ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a puni ka maka. I nā manu ʻōpio, ua loli ke kani ʻeleʻele i ka plumage e ka brown brown, i kekahi manawa o brown. ʻAʻole ia i hana i nā subspecies.

Ke Hana Hana

Ma ka ʻāina kahi e holo wikiwiki ai shiloklyuk, e kū ana i lalo i ka lepo a e ʻō aku ai i kahi ʻāʻī lōʻihi, a i ʻole, e hele mālie ke holo a lele ʻana i kona mau eheu. Kū kekahi manawa e haki nā wāwae a hāʻule i ke kino holoʻokoʻa ma ke one ("kneels"). Hele pinepine i nā poʻohiwi i loko o ka wai, kahi i loaʻa ai i ka meaʻai me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i kona beak i ke alo me ka nui o ka wai. Ua ʻele maikaʻi ʻo ia, aneane ʻaʻole e komo i loko o ka wai, a hoʻolilo ʻo ia e like me nā pālolo. I ka lele, e lele nui ana kona mau wāwae i hope, i ka manawa hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka playfish plover (Nā lāʻau ʻona).

Ka Hoʻohui Papa Hoʻohui

Kahi ʻia ka pālahalaha pua, e uhi ana i nā ʻona ākea mai ka Hema i ke ʻAmelika ʻAkau a hiki i nā kihi a me nā wao ma ʻAsia, a me nā ʻulāʻau a me nā subtropics i East a me South Africa. Ke Komohana a me ʻEulopa ʻĀrau, nā nū ma nā kahakai o Pokukala a me United Kingdom i ke kūkulu hema ʻo Sweden a me Estonia. I Farani, loaʻa ia ʻelua ma ke kūkulu ʻākau ma ke kahakai o ke Kai ʻo Biscay a me ke Pelekane Pelekane, a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema i loko o ke Kai Hikina. Ma Sepania, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i nā nests ʻaʻole ma ka kahakai hema wale nō, akā i ka loko o ka loko paʻakai loko. Ma nā lālā hema o ʻEulopa, he ʻaole nō hoʻi ia ma Sardinia, ma Italia, Greece, Hungary a me Romania. Ma Austria, loaʻa lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka loko o ka loko Neusiedler See. E hoʻonoho i ka hikina ma ke kahakai komohana o ke Kai ʻEleʻele, e komo pū me Ukraine ma ke Kīwaha o Sivash a me ʻAzov kūkulu ʻākau.

Ma Lūkia, e holo ka palena ʻākau ma ke awāwa ʻo Don, Volgograd, nā kahe Bolshoi a me Maly Uzen, a me Siberia hoʻi ma ke kūkulu hema o 55 mau ponoʻī ʻo Tuva, ka lalo o ka loko o Selenga a me Torey ma Transbaikalia. Kēia paha mau noke paha ma ka ʻāina ʻo Saratov. Ma Kazakhstan, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia kekahi mau wahi o ka palena hema o ka palena o Ilek. Ma Asia ma waho o Lūkia, loaʻa nā ʻū me nā wahi ākea ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka Penia ʻArapi, ma ʻIraka, Iran (Zagros Mountains), Afghanistan, Pakistan (ʻĀkau ʻo Balochistan), ma ke komohana o India (Kach district) a me Kina ʻākau (ʻo Tsaidam ka wao a me ka waena waena o ka muliwai Yellow) . ^ E Ha yM. I loko o Aferika, ka mea i haki i ka ʻākau i ka palena o Morocco a me Tunisia, a i ka ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻike ma ke kūkulu hema o Horn o ʻAmelika, akā ua nalo i ka Sahara a me nā wahi o nā ulu anu.

Hoʻopau hewa

I ka wā hana o ka pā me ka maluhia o nā wahi pāpaku me ka wai aniani a i ʻole ka wai paʻakai - nā ana wai moana, nā loko pāpū, nā paʻakai paʻakai, nā kaiāulu, nā mea kanu kūloko i ka wao nahele a me nā ʻāpana savannah. Ua koho ʻo ia i nā wahi i ke kauwela e hāʻule nui ai ka pae o ka wai, me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mokupuni he nui, nā kirikahi a me nā poholo pōhaku. ʻO kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona o nā pūnaewele puni lāʻau hilahila nā mea kanu ʻia i kumu ʻia o ka paʻakai paʻakai i loko o ka wai. Ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu, e pili ana i nā biotopes like, me nā loko wai, nā awa deltas, nā lagoons a me nā kahakai kahakai.

Ka Moho Noho

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hele ʻana i ka pae nui o ka wahi. Ma ke kūkulu ʻākau a me ʻEulopa hoʻi, a me ʻAsia, shiloklyvki nā manu manuahi ʻaihue. Ma Lādana, Farani a me Netherlands hoʻi i ka wā wela, ka hapanui o nā manu hoʻoilo; ke noho nei lākou ma nā wahi nūnū. Ma Helgoland Bay a me ka Rhine Delta, kahi i ka waena o Iulai-nui ka poʻe hipa manu nui mai Suetena, Denemaka a me Kelemene i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i ka wā molting, he wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō o lākou e koe no ka hoʻoilo. Eia ka mea i loko o ʻAmelika a ma nā kahakai o ka Pulila Persian, ʻo shiloklyuvs e alakaʻi i kahi ala maʻamau a i ʻole e launa pū me nā kahakai i ka manawa maloʻo.

Mai ke kūkulu ʻākau a i komohana me ʻEulopa, neʻe nā manu i ke komohana hema i ka hāʻule, e waiho ana kekahi o lākou i loko o nā awa a me nā estuaries ma nā ʻaoʻao o Palani, Pokukala a me Sepania. Eia kekahi, nui nā manu hoʻoilo i nā ʻāina i kanu ʻia e nā kānaka - no ka laʻana, aia ma nā loko wai e kau ai ka iʻa. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻāpana ʻē i ke Kai Hoʻohālike a me nā weli ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika. Pāpaʻi ʻia nā populipula o Central Kalima a me ʻEulopa ma ka hema a me ke komohana, e hōʻea i nā kapakai o ka Hikina a me nā ʻāpana ʻĀrika, a me ʻAmelika Hikina. Ua hele kekahi mau manu mai kēia mau ʻāina i ka Sahara a kāpae i ka latitude o Sahel i Sudan a me Chad. ʻAʻole maopopo i nā kuhikuhi o ka neʻe ʻana mai ʻAsia Kaleponi a me Siberia; ʻike ʻia ke kū ʻana i nā wā hailm ma ke Kaiwa Pihi, ma ke komohana ʻākaukau ʻo India a me ke kaila Kaiaulu ma Kina. Hoʻomaka ka leleʻe ʻana i ka hopena o Iulai a ʻAukake, a ma Okakopa ka hapa nui o nā manu i waiho i kā lākou mau ʻuʻuku.

ʻO Shiloklyuvki - monogamous, hoʻomaka i ka hana hou mai ka hopena o ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola. Hele nā ​​manu i nā kahua nīhi mai ka hapa hope o Malaki a hiki i Mei, e noho ma nā pūʻulu o 5-30 mau kanaka ma ka neʻe ʻana, a hōʻuluʻulu i nā ʻohana lehulehu i nā wahi hoʻomaha. Holo mua nā kāne pākahi, a laila ʻo nā wahine makua, a ʻo ka hope ʻōpio ʻōpio ma lalo o ka 4 mau makahiki ka lele hope. Kuhi lākou me nā colar sparse i kahi o 10 a 70 mau pakanika, pinepine a me nā mea ʻē aʻe - gulls, terns and other waders. I keʻano kūikawā, i ka hema o Yenisei Siberia, ua hui pū ʻia nā nests o ka shiloklyuv me ka muliwai tern, liʻiliʻi a me ka zuiks kai, a me ka herbalism i hoʻomaopopo ʻia. Keleʻālua ka ʻōleʻa ʻana.

Pākuʻi ʻia nā papa hana ma nā wahi papa liʻiliʻi ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai. Ma hope o kahi kau pōkole pōkole, hoʻomaka nā mākia e kūkulu i kahi pūnana, kahi maʻamau e kokoke ana i ka wai, ma ke one kahelehele, i waena o nā mauʻu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka māla maloʻo maloʻo. E koho mau i nā wahi ākea, ʻaʻohe mauʻu mauʻu e like me ka sedge a i ʻole paha. Ma ke ʻano he rula, he lua liilii ka lua o ka ʻāina, me ka lula a i ʻole ka palena me nā mea kanu sparse, hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o kahi radius ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o 5 mika. Ma kahi pālaho palupalu, hiki i ka pūnaka ke piʻi aʻe i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 7-10 cm mai ka lepo a ma kēia hihia ke ʻano o kahi ʻano cone-former ʻano i hana ʻia i ka ʻano o ka lepo a me nā mea kanu. ʻO kekahi hihia, ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia ka pale e ka mea mai luna mai. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā nīnaka pili kokoke e like me ka mika, akā me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana he 20-30 cm.

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoulu pālahalaha e pili ana i ka ʻāina a me nā kūlana o ka wā - ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka awelika, hua ʻia nā hua ma mua o ʻApelila, ma ka ʻāina Wadden ma ke komohana ʻākau o ʻEulopa i ka makahiki heʻumū o ʻApelila, a ma Siberia i ka hoʻomaka mua o Mei. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka clutch hoʻokahi manawa o ka makahiki, 4 mau lōleʻa o 3 oʻa o ke kalo, ke one a me ke kala ʻeleʻele me nā ʻeleʻele a me nā hina. I kekahi manawa ke hui pū ʻia nā wahi, e loaʻa ana i ke ʻano o nā hakihaki a me nā commas ma ke ʻano o ka hiʻohiʻona makika. I kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia nā hua he nui i loko o ka pipi, eia naʻe, loaʻa nā hua liʻiliʻi he mau huaʻa. Nā nui huaʻai ((44-58) x (31-39) mm, ke kaupaona ʻana he 31,7 g. Ua hoʻohālikelike nā lālā o nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua no ke 23-25 ​​mau lā. Ma ka lele, mālama nā manu i kani wiwo ʻole a wiwo ʻole i ka poʻe haole, mālama i ka nalo. ʻO nā moa i hānau ʻia ua uhi ʻia me ka fluff - ma luna o kahi ʻāpana melemele ʻalani me nā hōʻailona ʻeleʻele, ma lalo o keʻokeʻo. Ke pau nei i ka maloʻo, haʻalele lākou i ke aū a hahai i ko lākou mau mākua, i kekahi manawa ke hele nei i kahi huakaʻi he mau kilomita mai ka ʻanakui. Hoʻokele a male a me ka wahine nā hua. ʻO 35-42 mau lā ma ka hua heʻa, ma hope a hoʻomaka ka lele a lele a kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka makahiki lōʻihi i ʻike ʻia ma ʻEulopa e like me nā hopena o ka paʻa ʻana i hōʻike ʻia ma Netherlands - 27 mau makahiki 10 mau mahina.

ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai he ʻano nui i ka invertebrates aquatic 4-15 cm lōʻihi, e loaʻa ana ma kēia wahi. I ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai, hele pinepine ka manu i ka wai pāpū, e ʻuwīwī ana i kāna beak mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i kēia ʻaoʻao a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka wai o ka wai a i ʻole ka pohō ʻana i ka beak i loko o ka hoʻopihapiha. ʻO kekahi manawa hānai i ka afloat, hana i nā dives me ka mua o ke kino - kahi ʻano ʻai kāʻei i nā ʻano nui. Loaʻa ka hānai i ka pā. ʻAi huaʻai - nā pīpī liʻiliʻi (mau pīpī lepo, a me kekahi mea), shoreworms (Ephydridae), nā mea kanu - Artemia (Artemia salina) a me nā amphipods mai i ka hui ʻĀkau, nā ʻōpio a me nā pōpoki polychaete, iʻa a me nā mollusks liʻiliʻi.