Aphid - hui pinepine ʻia nā māla lāʻau a me nā māla iā ia - e hōʻeha ana i nā mea kanu, e hōʻemi ana i nā huaʻai, a no laila e hele pinepine ia i ka hakakā kūloko. Akā ʻoiai, he mea kūpono ke nānā pono ʻole i kēia mea inikua a ʻike paha inā he mau hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi, pehea e noho ai - no ka mea e kōkua pū nō ia.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
Aphids - kahi hua superfamily e pili ana i ka papa o nā pepeke. ʻAʻole ia i hoʻolaha ʻia i ka wā a mai a mai nā mea i hoʻopio ai - ʻaʻohe mākaukau kūpono o nā kamaʻina o ia mau manawa e hōʻike i kēia. Aia wale nō nā puʻupaʻa hilinaʻi a ākea a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka wā lōʻihi. No laila, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia na lākou mai lākou mai millipedes, akā ʻo kēia ka mea ʻike kokoke loa lākou i nā crustaceans a no lākou mai nā kūpuna maʻamau a i ʻole mai nā crustaceans e hele aku ākea.
ʻO nā crustaceans mua loa i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili mua ʻo Cambrian ma mua o 510 miliona mau makahiki he nui, he mau pepeke - he mea hoʻomake wale nō ma nā papana i hoʻokahi haneri miliona mau makahiki ma hope mai. Hana kēia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pepeke mai nā crustaceans ma mua o kahi kūpuna maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻole i ʻike maoli ʻia ko lākou ʻano kahiko.
Wikiō: Aphids
Hoʻomau pū ʻia nā mea hana phylogenetic me kēia polokalamu. Ua manaʻo ʻia he kūpaʻa wale nō paha nā mea ʻino i ka wā hope o Silurian. Akā, ʻaʻole i ʻike ka aphid. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke mālama ʻia nā koena fossil i aneane maʻamau, aneane wale nō ke koho - inā i maʻa lākou. Akā he palena palena kēia ala, ʻo ka mea ʻo ka ʻepekahi kahiko he 120 miliona mau makahiki. I ka hopena, ʻaʻohe liʻiliʻi nā ʻike like ʻole i ka hoʻoholo ʻana, akā ma ka liʻiliʻi e ʻae mākou iā mākou e hoʻokumu i ka manawa a ua noho maoli nā aphids i ko mākou honua - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa Paleogene.
He mea hiki nō ia i lilo i kekahi o nā ʻano i ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka Cretaceous - Paleogene extinction, a ua ala aʻe lākou i mua. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻikepili i loaʻa a me ka morphology o nā aphids lākou iho, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae kekahi i kahi lele i kekahi o kēia mau koho: hoʻomau mau ʻia nā mea inikua e hoʻomōhala i nā puka hou, hoʻomohala ʻia a ʻano ʻōlohelohe paha.
Nā mea hoʻohālikelike, hele mai nā dragonflies a me nā ipuka i ka wā Carboniferous, ʻo ka hymenoptera i ka Triassic, nā pipi i ka Cretaceous, nā dipterans kiʻekiʻe loa i ka Neogene, a me nā makika i ka Pleistocene, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea hou aʻe o nā palena o Paleoanthology. Hiki i nā Aphids ke loli koke a hoʻololi i ka wā e puka hou ai nā mea kanu hou - ua mahalo ʻia kēia mea e ko lākou ʻōnaehana me ke ʻano o ka mana wikiwiki o nā hanauna. I ka hopena, ua hana lākou i ka superfamily nui, me nā ʻohana he ʻumi a me nā tausani o nā ʻano.
ʻO kāna wehewehe ʻepekema i hana ʻia e P. Latrey i ka makahiki 1802, ʻo Aphidoidea ka inoa ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekane. Akā e pono e hoʻomaopopo i nā koho koho ʻē aʻe: i kekahi manawa i ka manawa i kuhikuhi ʻia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe superfamily Phylloxeroidea, a i kekahi manawa ʻelua - ʻo Adelgoidea lilo i mea hope loa. Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa a Aphidoidea i lilo i mega-ʻohana, kahi o ka superfamilies. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā mea noiʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ke kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka aphid?
I ke ʻano, ua kokoke ke kino o nā aphids i ka puni, i ka lōʻihi o ke ʻano o ka nui o nā ʻano he 3 mm, ʻoiai he mau ʻāpana nui a hiki i ka 8mm. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ke poʻo he trapezoidal, nā maka mua o ka maka a me nā antennae e kū nei, e like me ke ʻano o ka paʻi ʻana. Maikaʻi maikaʻi ka hihiʻo, akā ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia nā kala aphids, ʻo ka maʻamau, he mau aniani wale nō. Hiki i kekahi ona pono ke waihoʻoluʻu ʻokoʻa - ʻoi aku ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no laila ʻaʻole ia e kū aʻe ma ka mea kanu e hānai ai iā ia, akā hiki ke ʻokoʻa: ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha, ka kala o nā lālā, ke keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka aphid ka proboscis manawaleʻa, me ke kōkua o ia e kāʻili mai ai i nā wai wai mai nā mea kanu: ua pelu a hiki iā ia ke kue i kahi lau a i ʻole ka lau a hiki i ka wai.
Ka uhi ʻia o ke kino o ka aphids e ka pūlea palupalu palupalu a aneane ʻole - ʻaʻole like me nā inikini i pale ʻia e ka uhi chitinous, ua aneʻa ʻole ke kū i ka wā e hoʻoulu ʻia e kahi mea. Aia ka ʻōpū no ka hanu ma nā ʻāpana mua. ʻOiai he mau wāwae lōʻihi ka aphid, ua neʻe pinepine ʻia a paʻakikī hoʻi me ka lohi. Kauʻau ʻia nā ʻelele o kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau i nā mea kanu, hiki ke lele aʻe, e kaomi me nā wāwae mua, akā ʻo ke ala maʻalahi loa no ka mea nona nā ʻēheu. Hiki i kēlā mau ʻōuli ke lele ma kahi mamao loa, a lulu koke nā hua a puni a lākou. ʻO ka mahalo, hiki i nā wahine wahine ke loaʻa nā ʻēheu. ʻO Aphids me nā ʻēheu e hoʻopuni i ka wahi liʻiliʻi, a me ia no e hakakā nā māla me nā māla.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO nā Aphids o nā ʻano Stomaphis ka mea paʻa i ka moʻo no ka lōʻihi o ka proboscis. Uaʻoi aku i ka nui o ka inikō ponoʻī iho: ʻo ka aphid o kēia pākēma i hiki i ka 5 mm mm, a hiki i ka proboscis ke piʻi i 10 mm.
Aia i hea kahi aphid?
Kiʻi ʻohi: ʻAphids ma Lūkia
Hiki iā ia ke noho a kokoke i nā wahi āpau ma nā mea kanu. Loaʻa nā kūlana climatic maikaʻi loa loa iā ia i ke kaona huhū - ʻaʻole i makemake ka inika i ka ʻū anuʻu, akā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka wela. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike kūpono ʻia kekahi mau holoholona i ke ola i nā mokiki. Ma ka pae subtropical climatic, ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole. E makemake ʻo Aphid i nā wahi me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, i makemake ʻole ʻia e nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa a me nā wahi i hoʻonui ʻia - akā naʻe nō pū kekahi i loko o lākou, ʻoi iki ka pinepine.
Hiki i kēia mau pepeke ke noho i nā kaolaʻina ʻē aʻe - ma nā ʻāpana kuahiwi, nā wahie, nā pā nahele, nā nahele, nā māka nui a me ka hopena, ma nā māla. Inā he anu ke kauwela a ua nui nā kauwela, liʻiliʻi nō nā aphids, akā hikiʻole ke hele mai nā kūlana maikaʻi i ka wā e hoʻonui wikiwiki ai. Pau kona hua make i ka mahana ma lalo o 25-30 mau degere, akā ma ka ʻākau me kona mau anu anuanu, mālama nā aphids i ola i lalo o ka pahu hau, i loko o nā anthills a i ʻole nā hale ʻē aʻe, kahi e ʻoi aku ai ka wela ma mua.
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ia e ʻike kokoke i kahi anthills - ulu ia i kahi pilina simbiotic me kā lākou noho. Hele nui ka nīnika o nā aphids, hiki ke hālāwai nui ʻia ma luna o ka ʻāina - e piʻi ana ma luna o nā mea kanu a pīkohu wai mai iā lākou, a i ka lewa a me ka lepo - aia kekahi mau mea ulu i nā wai momona mai nā aʻa.
He aha nā mea e ka aphid?
Kuhi: Inū Inū ʻo Aphid
ʻAi kona ʻai i nā mea kanu, a ʻokoʻa aʻe. Loaʻa kekahi mau ʻōhua kūikawā, akā hiki i ka hapa nui o nā aphids ke inu i ka wai o ka mea kanu, a pili kēia i nā mauʻu, nā lāʻau, a me nā lāʻau. Ma kahi kokoke i ke kīhāpai a ke kīhāpai la i hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia e nā aphids; no laila, ʻaʻole maopopo ka helu inoa ʻana iā lākou a pau, akā, ma kahi o nā ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole āu e makemake ai - ʻo ko lākou hoʻokokoke hiki ke hoʻoweliweli iā ia. ʻO nā mea kanu hiki loa ke hoʻopili ʻia, nā māla, nā ʻoliki a me ka chamomile Dalmatian. Eia kekahi ala ʻē aʻe e pale i nā aphids - e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ma luna o ka pūnaewele no lākou no ka kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu mea i huki iā lākou i nā mea ʻē aʻe.
No ka hopena, hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau mea kanu i nā aphids, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea make e kekahi. Akā no kēia pono lākou e kanu i kahi lōʻihi, no laila ke koi nui ka nui. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka poʻe aphid a ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia e hoʻonui nui - pono e hoʻohana pono ʻia nā mea ʻona. No laila, kahi hana like like ʻole, akā i kekahi manawa ka hoʻohana ʻia - nā mea kanu e huki ana i nā aphids i kanu ʻia i loko o kahi aniani e pono ai lākou e pale, a ke kele ʻia nā aphids, ʻohi lākou i kēia mau mea kanu a luku i nā kolone a pau.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhi: Kunehu aphid
Hoʻohana ʻo Aphids i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola. Mai ke kakahiaka a i ka pō, hiki iā ia ke hānai i nā wai wai mai ka mea kanu, mai kēlā manawa i kēia manawa e lele ana i ka lau o aʻe, no ka mea ua hala mua lākou. Maikaʻi wale ia, ma muli o ka loaʻa mau o nā maʻi maʻamau, a koi pono kēia i nā mea momona. I kekahi manawa komo nā aphids i kahi pilina simbiotic me ka popo, e hoʻohana ana i ko lākou aloha i nā mea momona. Mālama ʻo Aphids i nā mea huna, a mālama nā antsi iā lākou no kēia: ke hoʻololi nei lākou iā lākou i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe inā pono, mālama iā lākou, mālama pono i kā lākou hua a kūkulu i nā wahi pale e pale aku ai iā lākou mai ka ʻaina.
Ke kūʻē nei i nā aphids o nā mea kōmala, mālama ka popo iā lākou i ka hopena a make pinepine a kali e kali nei no nā hoahānau. No ka hana ʻana i kēia mea maʻamau ʻole, hiki ke kau ʻia nā aphids i loko o kahi anthill, kahi e maʻalahi ai ka maʻalahi e mālama i ko lākou palekana, akā pono lākou e hānai. ʻO ke kaʻina hana e loaʻa ai nā mea huna ʻona, ua kapa ʻia ka waiū, no ka mea, he ʻano like me ka hānai wai; ka pulu ʻana o nā semi i ka ʻōpū o ka aphid, a huna ʻo ia i kahi mahele o nā mea huna.
I kahi lā mai hoʻokahi aphid hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i kahi nui o ka umauma, i kekahi manawa ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kona paona. ʻO nā aphids ka mea i pōkole loa i make i kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki i nā poʻe ke ola no nā hebedoma. Ma ke anuanu, ua hoʻonui ke ola o ka ola i ʻelua mau malama.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā mea kanu me nā mea ʻoiʻi a i ʻole nā mea hoʻonā olakino e kū'ē i nā aphids e pono me ka hana ʻana i nā kukui kūlohelohe. Inā popo ke ʻano o ka wā, a laila puaʻa nā lau, a i loko o ia mau mea e hiki ai i kekahi mau pōpio ke ola, a ʻo ka helu liʻiliʻi he mea lawa ia e hoʻopiha piha i ka pālahalaha holoʻokoʻa. No laila, pono e hoʻoponopono i nā wahi āpau i noho ai ka aphid, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻae mua ʻana me nā hoalauna, inā loaʻa iā lākou.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kuhi: Aphid ma nā lau
Noho nā Aphids i nā kolone nui, ʻoiai hiki ke kū aʻe mai kahi hoʻokahi a hoʻoulu nui. E like me ia: he hua moa i lulu i nā hua, ke koho pinepine nei i nā wahi paʻapū a maikaʻi i ka ʻōlelo. Hiki i ka masonry ke kokoke i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu a i ʻole paha i ka lāʻau o nā lāʻau, i kahi anthills. Pau nā huaʻai i ka hoʻoilo ma laila, a hiki mai ka wela, puka mai nā kānaka hou mai o lākou. He mau manu ʻēheu kēia, hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia e ka parthenogenesis, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ke komo ʻole ʻana o nā kāne. Hoʻokahi i loko o kahi wahi makemake maikaʻi, hana wikiwiki lākou. I nā hanauna e hiki mai ana o kekahi mau ʻano o nā aphids, ua hānau ʻia nā wahine me nā ʻōpio i loko, a ma hope koke ua hānai lākou i hua.
Hoʻonui kēia i ka hana a me nā aphids e hoʻomaka e hoʻonui mahuahua. Hiki i ka wahine ke hānai i kekahi mau pākani i nā hebedoma i kēlā me kēia pule, a ulu koke a ulu lākou a hoʻomaka i ka huaʻī i nā lā 2-3 ma hope o ka hānau ʻana no nā ʻano pōkole, a i ʻole he 1-2 mau pule no ka lōʻihi o ke ola lōʻihi. Hōʻike wale ʻia kēia mau manawa āpau ʻēheu wahine uʻi. Akā inā nui ka nui o ka kolone aphid, a hoʻomaka e nele i ka kīnā ma nā wahi, hoʻomaka ka hānau ʻia ʻana nā manu lele. Holo aku lākou mai ka ʻāina aku a loaʻa i nā mea hou, e hoʻomāhuahua ana hoʻi e nā parthenogenesis. Hiki i kēlā wahine ka lele ke 20-30 mau mile.
Puku kekahi ʻano holoholona: ma mua o ke ʻano o nā wāhine ʻehā, noho lākou i kekahi mea kanu, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hānai ʻana iā lākou, a lele i ka poʻe ʻē aʻe. Ma ka hope loa, i ka hāʻule i hoʻi lākou i ko lākou wahi mua. I ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, he mau manawa nā lālā o nā aphids e loli, a inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e kaua, a laila kēlā me kēia manawa ke ʻano he kauoha o ka nui. ʻO ka hopena, ke ʻano o ka wā me ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻāʻī, ʻike ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine i hiki ke hānai hou i ka moekolohe. Ma kēia hihia, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomalu, a ʻike ʻole ka ʻōpala i ka mālamalama, e like me ka wā ma mua, akā hana ʻia kahi mana e hiki ai ke ola i ka hoʻoilo. He nui kekahi liʻiliʻi o lākou - nā mea a pau e pono ai no ka hana ʻana ma kēia ala nā mea i ʻike ʻia nā mea wahine, ka mea e hoʻomaka i ka hua ʻana i ka parthenogenesis i ka puna, a e hoʻomaka ka holoʻokoʻa ʻana.
Nā Hoʻopiʻi Aphid maoli
ʻO ke kiʻi: he aha ke ʻano o ka aphid?
ʻAi ʻo nā aphids a me nā manu i nā aphids. O nā mea hihiu, penei:
ʻO nā mea a pau i luna, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi ʻole o ka māla, a ma ka manawa like i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hakakā ʻana i nā aphids, ʻo ka lace-eyes and ladybugs. No kēlā me kēlā me kēia, hiki ke lilo i kumu nui o ka meaʻai, a hiki ke kūʻai ʻia nā hua o kēia mau mea hihiu i nā hale kūʻai kūikawā. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana mai o ka lehulehu mai lākou, hiki ke hoʻopoina ʻia nā aphids. Hiki nō hoʻi nā mea kanu e huki nei i kēia mau iniseti: umbrella, bean a spicy. No ka laʻana, ka moa maʻamau, clover a me ka mint paha e alakaʻi iā lākou i ka māla. A ke kūʻai aku i nā hua no ka hoʻoulu ʻana, mai poina ʻoe e pili ana i kēia mau mea kanu, inā ʻaʻole lele lele ka pipi, akā mau ka aphid. Hiki i ka pīkoi ʻāina ke hū ʻia i ka solanaceae, lele ka wahine ma luna o daisies, a no nā wīwī ua hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i nā pā pua i loko o ka māla a waiho i nā ʻoka i loko o lākou. E hakakā pū nā manu liʻiliʻi i ka aphids, akā ʻaʻole naʻe ka hana nui, a hiki no hoʻi ke hōʻino ʻia lākou i nā māla iā lākou iho.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Makemake nā Parasitic wasps e waiho i kā lākou hua ma nā pepeke puaʻa, a ʻimi pinepine nā ladybugs i nā ʻulaʻula. Hoʻopili ʻo Aphid iā lākou - inā nui aku nā lapalapa parasit e kokoke ana, a laila hānau ʻia ka ʻula, a inā ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā ladybugs.
Oe ke 'ike pehea e wehe ai i nā aphids ma ka pūnaewele. E ʻike pehea e ulu ai ka ʻano o ka iniseti.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Nui nā Aphids o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole, ʻaʻole maopopo ʻia kā lākou heluna o ka lehulehu. Noho lākou kokoke kokoke i nā wahi a hiki i ka poʻe ke noho ai, a me ka parasitize i nā mea kanu, me nā mea kanu. No laila, ʻo ko lākou kūlana he mea lulu hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole no kēia, inā hiki ʻole ke hoʻoweliweli i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe. Aʻo ka aphid he pepeke nāwaliwali loa a palupalu, no laila maʻalahi ia e luku iā lākou, akā, ʻo ka pilikia e hoʻopili ʻia me kāna wikiwiki hou. ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka ʻiliʻehā. ʻOiai inā ua pau nā mea āpau o ka pūnaewele ma ka pūnaewele, ua ʻike ʻia ua uhi ʻia kekahi poʻe e nā ʻūlū, a laila ulu hou lākou i loko o kahi mau lā.
Nui nā ala e kūleʻa ai i kēia maʻi maʻi.
- nā poina - e hana maikaʻi a hana maikaʻi hoʻi, hana pū kekahi kekahi i kekahi. ʻO nā mea pōʻino i ka wā o ka pua, hoʻohana ko lākou hoʻohana i ka hānai ʻana i nā meli, he nui nā mea ʻē aʻe e hilinaʻi ʻia ana i ka lāʻau e hoʻohana ai - pono lākou e ʻike i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka lāʻau i nā mea kanu i hoʻohana i nā meaʻai.
- nā huakini e hoʻopilikia ana i nā aphids. ʻO ka mea nui i ka palekana piha ʻana, no ka mea ua kuhikuhi pono ʻia kēlā mau huakini i nā aphids a ʻeha wale nō lākou. Akā ʻaʻole i mau ka lōʻihi o kā lākou hana, no laila e lawe pinepine ʻia ka hoʻōla ʻana.
- ʻO nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kokoke o nā mea kanu repellent, mālama i nā mea kanu me ka sabone, ka ʻōpala, ka ʻala ʻala, a me nā pono, hiki i ka mea ʻē aʻe ke ʻano o ka aphids.
Aphid - kahi manuahi hoʻopilikia me nā nui o nā ʻenemi, akā uku ʻia kēia mau mea e ka hua hou, no ka mea, ua hele mai kekahi o nā mea he nui i kahi o kēlā me kēia kanaka make. Akā, mai hoʻopoina i nā aphids ʻaʻole he pest wale nō, loaʻa pū ia i kahi hana pono: e hoʻōla i ka nui o ke kō mai ka mea kanu, kahi mea maikaʻi i ka photosynthesis, a me nā mea ʻono maikaʻi e hoʻomohala hou aʻe ai ka ʻāina.
Kāne
ʻO Aphid kahi mea i hōʻike i ka superfamily o nā pepeke a pili i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo semi-rigid. Ma kekahi mea aʻe, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i ʻāpana o Equine. I ka huina, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 4 tausani mau mea make o kēia pōpilikia a me 1 tausani o lākou e noho nei ma ʻEulopa. Nui nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau i nā mea kanu i hiki a hiki ke hoʻolaha i nā maʻi maʻi viral e kumu ai ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā anomalies, me ka pilikino, nā ʻano like gallop-like.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona
E nānā kāhea e nānā i nā aphids. He pōkole liʻiliʻi kēia nona ka lōʻihi o ke kino.Wahi a ke ʻano, e pena ʻia ke kino i kekahi kala. I loko o nā māla home, nā aphids o ka'ōmaʻomaʻo, keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻeleʻele i ʻike pinepine ʻia. Hiki i ka ʻūlū ke kūheʻe a ʻēheu ʻole ʻia. Holo koke nā winged a puni ka ʻāina a hāʻawi i ka loli o ka mea hoʻokele host, wingless - mahele nui ia.
Hōʻike ka waha o ka aphid i ka proboscis koi, me ke kōkua o ia ke kālai ʻana i ka lau o nā lau a ʻoki a hoʻonā i ka wai wai mai nā mea kanu. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā meaʻai i nā mea kālaiʻaka a me nā waʻa amino, a ʻo kēia mau mea e kōkua i ka hana o nā lolo a me kā lākou momona nui.
Ma kahi kikoʻī! Wahi a nā mea e ʻai ai nā aphids, ua maʻalahi ka noʻonoʻo wale i ka mea e hōʻino ʻia ai i ka ʻāina mahiʻai!
Nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho ʻana o nā aphids
He mau pepeke liʻiliʻi ʻo Aphids, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i kekahi mau mm mm o ka lōʻihi. Loaʻa i ka kino aphid he ʻano oval, ua uhi ʻia me ka pelu translucent ngoe palupalu. Me ke kōkua o nā wāwae lōʻihi ua hiki i kēia mau maʻi parasitile e holo i kahi mea kanu i kekahi mea a hiki ke lele.
I kēlā me kēia kolone aphid, aia nā manamana like ʻole a me nā ʻēheu pākahi, kēlā me kēia mea pāʻani i kekahi a me kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ka noho ʻana o nā eheu - hiki i nā kāne a me nā kāne ke pae ʻē aʻe.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo o ke poʻo o kahi pākeke, loaʻa kahi antennae kūikawā, nona ke kuleana no ka pā a me ka hoʻolohe. He paʻakikī nā hiʻohiʻona o nā maka; i nā poʻe ʻēheu ʻē aʻe, aia kekahi ʻekolu mau maka maʻalahi.
Hiki i ka pena o nā maka aphid paʻakikī ke ʻano ʻulaʻula i ka ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula. ʻOiai hiki paha ke ʻike ka ʻike maka i nā aphids i kahi kauoha o ka hanohano ma mua o, no ka laʻana, i ka pi. Hiki i nā Aphids ke wehe i kekahi mau kala.
Hōʻike ʻia ka lālā o ka waha o ka aphids e kahi proboscis liʻiliʻi, i kahi o 4 mau ʻāpana. Me kēia proboscis, ua kāpīpī ka aphid i ka integument o ka mea kanu a kau iā i nā wai momona. I ka honua aia ma mua o 4000 mau ʻano o nā aphids. Makemake kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi i kahi mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. Nani nā Aphids i nā hale nani.
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau
He kūpono a hāmeʻa paha nā mea hoʻopu. Loaʻa i kā lākou mau leheleʻula i nā kala o nā mea kanu a lākou i hoʻohālikelike ai. ʻO nā aphids maʻa i nā huaʻomaʻa, nā hua waina, nā homeplants, nā aphids ʻeleʻele i ʻike ʻia i nā cherries a me nā cherries, nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula i ʻai i nā currants a me nā gooseberries, kahi pepeke manuahi me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo hue parasitizes kukama a me nā melons.
I ka hapa nui, he apenika kahi ʻano o ka aphid. I kekahi manawa ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau pepeke ma ke ʻano o ka hāʻule, pōkole, hua a i ʻole paha ellipse. ʻO ka nui o nā aphids he liʻiliʻi, akā me ka maka ʻalohe hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia. ʻO kona lōʻihi a hiki i 0.7 mm. I nā hihia maʻamau, hiki i nā poʻe nunui ke loaʻa i waena o lākou, me ka nui o 7 mm.
ʻO kēia ʻehā holoholona kahi o nā mea e ʻai ai i nā meaʻai kanu. Ua hoʻolako lākou me kahi proboscis kūikawā, e piʻi ana i ka nui o nā mea kanu a me ka huki ʻana i nā waiʻaole a pau i waho. Hiki iā lākou ke ho'ōla me ka wikiwiki, ʻo kēia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā aphids. E hele mai nā mea ʻino me ke kū ʻole ʻole o nā poli.
Kekahi wahi pae kupaianaha e hana ʻia ma ke ʻano, kahi hiki ʻole ke nānā ʻia. Loaʻa nā Aphids me ka wai kanu i nā pūmua protein a me nā waikina amino i mea nui no ka hoʻomohala a me ke ola. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea paʻa, kahi maʻi punahele punahele o nā lele a me nā popo, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana o kēia mau mea pono.
Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻepekema ʻoi maoli no ka hana like ʻana ma waena o nā aphids a me nā popo, ka poʻe e hoʻāʻo nei i nā hana āpau e pale aku ai i ko lākou kahu ma nā pilikia hiki paha. Eia kekahi, lawe aku nā ʻōpio i nā aphids mai kekahi mea kanu i ka lāʻau ʻē, a hūnā ʻia kā lākou mau wahine i loko o ko lākou mau home mai ka hoʻoilo a me ka hau. Ma hope o kēlā nānā, kaua e hakakā kā kekahi me nā aphids wale nō, akā me ko lākou "kahu".
ʻAʻole pale ke kino o ka aphid i ka iwi, e like me nā mea he nui he nui, he palupalu a ʻike ʻia mai waho mai - hiki iā ia ke ʻāwili ʻia e nā aphids. He lōʻihi nā wāwae o ka pepeke, akā ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo ke neʻe wikiwiki ka aphid. Holo lohi ʻo ia.
He ʻokoʻa nā pepeke manu ʻole i nā lehelehe ʻēheʻe. ʻO ka proboscis mua e lōʻihi a māhuahua. He ʻēheu ʻelua ʻeke nā ʻēheu me ka kōkua o ka neʻe maʻalahi i ka lewa.
Ma nā wingh winged, ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ola me ka ʻēheu ʻole. I ka wā o ka ngahulu, hiki i ka waiho ʻana o nā hua manu o kahi wahine i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻAʻole waiho ʻia nā hua manu ma nā wahi āpau.
Hāʻawi nā pepeke i kahi palala hihiu, colza, mau ʻōpala. I ka hoʻoilo, loaʻa nā hua ma kēia mau mea kanu. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai, e hoʻohuli lākou i nā ʻōpala i hoʻomohala a ola i muli o ka wai o ka wahi o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
A laila pili ka molting, ma hope o nā hua aphid. Ma ke ala, hana lākou me ka ʻole o nā ʻokoʻa ʻē. ʻO ka hopena, ua hānau ʻia nā nui o nā huahelu he nui. Weliweli nā poʻe ʻepekema i ʻike. I loko o hoʻokahi mahina, hiki i ka wahine hoʻokahi ke hoʻopuka e pili ana i nā iniseti he 10,000.
Ke alakaʻi nei kahi ʻahi manu no kahi manu ʻihi ʻole. Mai ka hānau ʻana a hiki i ko lākou lā hope, aia ma kahi hoʻokahi. Me ke kōkua o kona proboscis, e ʻai ka aphid i nā hua o nā mea kanu, loaʻa nā ʻāpana āpau i mea nui ke ola, a ola maikaʻi.
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e kaua a kaua e ho'āʻo e luku iā ia, a laila e hoʻomau ʻia ia i ka parasitize, e hoʻonui a hōʻeha i ka honua kanu. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻaʻole pono ka hele ʻana o nā kāne.
Ma ka waenakonu o ke kauwela, ʻike pinepine nā ʻelele i nā pahu ākea me nā lehulehu o nā wahine ʻae ʻole. ʻO lākou, ma ka huli ʻana ʻole o nā pilikia i neʻe i nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo hou a me ka ʻoliʻoli maikaʻi ʻana i laila.
He kūlana koʻikoʻi ʻo Winged aphids i ka hoʻomau ʻana o kā lākou ʻano āpau. Ma hope o nā mea, hiki i nā aphids ke hiki ʻole ke neʻe iki i ka manawa hiki i kahi mea i waho o ka meaʻai a make ia. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana nā aphids i kahi ʻano hou i kahi ʻoihana nui o nā mea like like ʻole.
He mea nui ka hope o ke kauwela no kēia mau iniseti i waena o lākou he mau mea heterosexual ma waena o kahi e ulu ai ka moe. Mai ka hiki ʻana mai o ka ua i ka hoʻoilo, make ka nā pepeke, waiho wale i ka hua, kahi a me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai e hele like i ke alapine ola a make i ka hoʻoilo.
Pehea e hoʻoholo ai i ke ʻano o nā aphids ma kahi mea kanu? Inā hoʻomaka e hoʻomaka ana nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā hiʻohiʻona nani, pono ia e hōʻoia iā lākou.
Loaʻa pinepine nā aphids wingless ma lalo o nā lau o nā mea kanu. Hoʻopili ʻia nā kolone i ka ʻole o kekahi kāohi ʻole a makaʻu hoʻi e uhi i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo āpau. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili pōkole me kēia mau mea hihiu, maloʻo nā lau, a ma hope o ka pau ʻana e make lākou a make.
Hoʻopili iki nā hua lāʻau a pau. I kekahi manawa ulu pinepine kā lākou mau huaʻai ma mua o ko lākou ʻai ʻana. ʻAe ana nā pana a me nā wahi a nā mea kanu. Eia kekahi, ua uhi nā lāʻau āpau āpau i nā mea huna o ka aphid, kahi e kapa ai nā māla i ka hau meli.
ʻAʻohe ʻai i ka hau meli e nā ʻōpala ke alakaʻi i ka mea kanu i ka maʻi me ka fungus soot. Ua hahai mai ia eia mai ke ano o na huahelu he nui o na popi i na hihia pinepine e hoike ana i na aphids parasitize ma kahi kokoke, aole nae i ikeia na hua o kana mau hana.
ʻO ke anuanu e kūpono i kēia mau mōʻī he palala a mahana hoʻi. Aia wale nō ma lalo o ia mau ʻano ke hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka ulana aphid. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā ʻāina he nui, mai ʻEulopa a Siberia.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā aphids
Noho nā Aphids i nā kolana nui, pili i ka mea mua, nā ʻōpio āpau a me nā lau. Ua nawaliwali ka mea kanu, nā ʻōpala lau. Hoʻohui pinepine nā koloni aphid i nā anthills.
ʻO nā Aphids i ke kaʻina o ke ola e hoʻopuka i kahi wai momona (pad), kahi i manaʻo ʻia e nā ʻōpala e mālama ʻia. Kuhi ka ʻūmū i nā aphids, ka hānai ʻana i kahi hoe waʻa a hoʻolei aku i nā pepeke makehe, he ʻenemi kūlohelohe nā aphids (nā ladybugs, nā pīpī, a me nā mea like.)
Nā kuʻuna o nā aphids
I waena o nā ʻano nui o nā aphids, ʻokoʻa kekahi ʻano like o kēlā me kēia i ke ʻano o ke kino - hiki iā ia ke kikoʻī, make-ʻano, ellipsoidal. Hiki ke hoʻololi ka nui i nā 0.5 mm a 8 mm.
ʻO ka kala o kahi loea pākahi i kekahi mau hihia ke hilinaʻi nei i ke kala o ka mea kanu i kahi mea kanu nā aphid. White aphid he khu neʻe a he mea kaulana ia i nā mea aloha i nā pua ulu loko. Hoʻohui ma kahi o hope, ua hoʻopiʻi kēia holoholona i nā hua lāʻau o nā mea kanu huaʻai.
Kūkulu ʻia nā popa apili i nā leo ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā, ʻoi aku kona makemake i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka kanu ʻana i nā kuʻuna, i nā pī. Noho ka ʻalohi ʻeleʻele i nā cherries, cherries a me nā kumulāʻau lāʻau. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki i ka aphid ke hōʻoki loa i ka lāʻau, akā hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i kona ulu a hōʻole i ka fruiting maʻamau.
ulaʻula He maʻi ka aphid currants, gooseberries, sunflowers a me nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia. Ma muli o ke kala kala-kala ʻulaʻula, he mea maʻalahi ka ʻike a i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai i ka hakakā me kēia parasit. He aha ka mea inā puka ka aphid i nā lau lāʻau punahele? Ke lawe ʻia nei ka hakakā me nā aphids e nā ʻano nui: ka pono ʻana o ka maʻi, ka lāʻau, ka mālama ʻana i ka poʻe.
ʻĀpana aphid
Hiki i ke ʻano kumu lāʻau ke huki i kahi pākeke pilikino e pale aku i nā aphids pepekenā mea hoʻopiʻi. ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā aphids e pule ana i nā manthes, ladybugs, beetles, lacewings, earwigs a me nā mea he nui ʻē aʻe.
No kēia pahuhopu, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma hope o ka moʻomeheu pilikia, e huki ana i nā ʻenemi aphid. Eia kekahi, e hoʻopau i ka poʻe aphid, nā mea kanu mea kanu (ke kāleka, ʻoi, tupeka, lemon bale, marigolds) i kanu ʻia. Hiki i nā manu ke hōʻeha i nā kolone aphid i hoʻopōʻino nui, eia naʻe, ma kēia hihia, ke pā pū kekahi ʻia nā hua o nā huaʻa.
Hakakā me aphids, pepeke ʻino, i hōʻailona ʻia e ka voracity maikaʻi loa, lawe ʻia ʻo ia e nā mea pesticides. Maikaʻi kēia ʻano ke hiki aku i nā ʻāina mahiʻai nui. Mai poina e pili ana i ka pōʻino o kēia ʻano - ke ʻohi nei nā kemikini i ka mea kanu i ka mea kanu a hāʻawi hope i kā mākou papaʻaina.
ʻAno ala hakakā aphids hōʻailona ka pīpī i ka mea kanu i hoʻopulu ʻia me nā infusion like ʻole i ka lāʻau kanu, kahi hopena o ka umauma holoi me ka lehu. Maikaʻi maikaʻi nā aphids ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau maʻamau Coca-Cola. Ma hope o ka launa ʻana o ka lau, kēia inu aphid kaulana, e like me ke ʻano, nalo aku.
ʻAi ʻaʻa Aphid
Aphids - Hōʻuluʻaka aneane ʻokoʻa, pili i nā mea kanu. a ʻo nā wale nō o nā ʻāpana o kēia ʻōpala ke makemake i kekahi mau lau, mauʻu a lāʻau ʻole paha. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana palalupulu o ka mea kanu ma o ka proboscis, kai ka aphid i ka huika amino i loko o ka wai.
ʻO ka hana a me ka lōʻihi o nā aphids
I ka ngahulu, waiho ʻo ka aphid wahine i nā hua ma luna o ka mea hoʻokele hale. Me ka hiki ʻana o ka manawa mahana, loaʻa nā huaʻili mai lākou, kahi e ulu ai nā pākeke me nā luhi (parthenogenesis). ʻO ka hopena o kēia pākuʻi, he mau ʻōpū wahine ʻēheu manuahi.
Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine i hoʻokahi mahina ke hana i nā haneli he mau haneli o kāna ʻano. Ke kēpō nei ke kolone, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻōkuhi ʻehā me nā hua ākea e lele a hiki i kahi lāʻau ʻē aʻe a noho iā ia.
ʻO ke kokoke e hāʻule, hāʻule nā kāne ma waena o nā aphids winged a me ka hana hou i mau bisexual. Me kēia ʻano o ka hana hou ʻana, ka nui o ka hua i lilo i kauoha a ka nui ma lalo, akā hiki wale nō ke ola i ka hoʻoilo ikaika. I kekahi mau ʻōhua, nā ʻalima aphids ʻaʻole nā hua wale nō, akā nā ululāʻau.
Pili ka ola i nā aphids ma muli o nā ʻano ʻano a me nā kūlana o ka wā. ʻO ka awelika, ia mai ka lā mai a hiki i ka mahina. I kahi wahi ʻoluʻolu (8-10 ° C), hiki i kahi wahine aphids ke noho a hiki i 60 lā.
Pehea e wehe ai i nā aphids
He hopena hoʻopōʻino ʻo Aphids i nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole wale ka hānai i nā wai momona, akā ke hoʻololi pū a hoʻoulu pū me nā maʻi a me nā fungi. Akā ʻaʻole ola wale nā lolo like ʻole i nā luna o ka flora, aia ka nui o lākou i ke kino o ke kanaka. E nānā i kekahi mau mea lapaʻau hānai no ka mea e hoʻopau maikaʻi ai nā aphids.
1. Dandelion - kahi maikaʻi maikaʻi kēia o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kolone aphid, ʻaʻole wale nō, akā naʻe me nā ʻili a me nā ʻili. 300 g o nā lau maloʻi a me nā rhizomes e ninini ʻia me ka wai (10 l) a hoʻopaʻa ʻia no 3 mau hola. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻopilikia a mālama pono i nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia.
2. Celandine. Kūleʻa maikaʻi (3-4 medium bushes) a ninini i ka wai mahana (1 pahu), hoʻohui i 20 g o ka puna wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a i ʻole ka mea hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia, no ka hoʻohālike, Pono e hoʻonā ʻia a hoʻonā ʻia kēia hopena ma hope o ʻekolu mau hola. E hoʻōki i nā wahi i hele ʻia me kahi lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, no laila e uku ʻia ia i nā pōpoki iho, ʻo ia hoʻi, mai lalo a lalo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu pololei i nā pua i paʻi ʻia i loko o ka hoʻonā.
3. Nā ʻōpala o nā tōmato. Kanu ʻo 500 g a piha i kahi pā o ka wai, kāhea ʻia kēia mea no ka hapalua hola. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hopena hoʻonā i 1 lita o ka wai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā mea kanu. Hiki ke loli i nā lālā Tomato me ka ʻuala. E ninini ʻia ana ka nui o 1.5 maupa o kāhi kūlou me ka 10 lita o ka wai mahana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia no 3 mau hola, a laila kānana ʻia. A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoki.
4. Makhorka. Pono e kuke i ka 100 g o ka tapaō i ka 1 lita o ka wai no hoʻokahi hola, a laila kānana. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai i hopena ʻia me ka wai: 300-400 g o kaʻaila ma 1 mau bolo.
5. Kalehana ʻōwili. 1 tbsp. la l Pono e hoʻoheheʻeʻia ka soda i loko o ka 1 lita o ka wai a hoʻohui i nā mea holoi holoi - hoʻokahi hapaha o kahi ʻāpana.
6. Ka pepa palaʻai. I ka lita hoʻokahi o ka wai e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻolapalapa i ka nui o nā pulu. A laila ke hoʻomau ʻia ka hupa no nā lā ʻelua. Ma mua o ka hoʻohanaʻana, pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hoʻonā wai me ka wai: 1 kīpī o ka infusion i 1 pā o ka wai.
7. Infusion o ka lehu. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea pono e kū pono ai ka hopena ma ka hakakā me nā koloni aphid. Hoʻoheʻa ʻia ka 200-300 g o ka lehu me ka wai i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, ua hoʻomoʻi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻōla a ua hoʻokahe ʻia ka ʻili a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana no nā kīʻaha.
I mea e loaʻa ai i ka mālamaʻana i nā pōmaikaʻi ʻē aʻe, pono pono ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Aʻo kēia, ʻaʻole makemake nā aphids āpau i ka paʻakai ka nui. No laila, ʻo ka lole lōlū kiʻekiʻe e kanu i nā mea kanu me ka lehu a me ka nui wai i hōʻino ʻia e hōʻino i ka ʻono ʻana i nā hana aloha a nā aphids. Pono ʻia ke aniani no ka olakino kanu, a ʻo kāna hoʻohana hoʻokūkū e lawe mai i nā pōmaikaʻi wale nō.
Akā i ka mea a nā kānaka no ka hakakā ʻana me nā aphids me ka ʻole o ka chemistry iʻike i ka hilinaʻi nui, hiki iaʻu ke aʻo aku i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kūʻai ʻia i kā mākou hale kūʻai. Actofit - no nā meli, ʻaʻohe ʻino, akā make nō nā aphids.
ʻO nā huaʻai, ma hope o ka pipiʻi ʻana me kēia lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki ke ʻai ʻia ma hope o 48 mau hola. Hiki i kēia lāʻau lapaʻa ke hoʻololi me kahi mea hoʻomāwaʻi bitoxibacillin. Loaʻa ka mana luku luku kiʻekiʻe e "ACTAR 25WG".
A ʻo nā ʻōlelo hope loa: nā mea kanu repelling mea kanu ma ka pālahalaha, e like me ka mint, lavender, thyme a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. A ʻoi aku hoʻi ʻoe no ka loaʻa o nā ʻōpala e hoʻomake i nā aphids a hānai i kā lākou waiū, inā ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻole ka hakakā ʻana me nā aphids.
ʻĀlohi ola ʻo Aphid
Pepeke Aphid makemake e noho i nā kolone nui. ʻO kāna mau hale noho aloha ma nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā wana ʻōpio. Ua lilo nā hoa ma ko lākou ola āpau. Loaʻa kēlā mau tandem i ʻelua. Mālama ʻia ka aphid e ka popa, nā mea e hānai ana i ka hau hau.
He hoihoi naʻe ko ke nānā ʻana i kā lākou kamaʻilio ʻana. Hoʻopili ka popokū i ka aphid a ma hope o kahi hamama hoʻohaʻahaʻa loaʻa kahi hapa o ka wai momona. Hoʻouna ʻia kēia pahu peʻa ma ke kaulahao i ka hale o nā mea hulina, kahi e ʻike pinepine ai ia i wahi e puʻe ai no nā aphids i ka hoʻoilo. He mau ʻenemi ʻo Aphids, kahi e hoʻāʻo ai ka popo e pale. Hiki i nā Ladybugs a me nā lacewings ke hoʻopau i nā koloni aphid.
He aha ka mea inā ʻike aphid i nā lau?
No nā mea kanu lehulehu a ʻo ka poʻe mahiʻai i aloha he mea nui kēia o ka hoʻopiʻi. He hoʻomaka wale kēia mai ka hoʻomaka, a i nā poʻe i ʻike ʻole i kēia pilikia, manaʻo paha he mea paʻakikī ʻole kēia.
Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka hopena o ka sabi mau i nā pōpoki aphid.Ke kū nei ka pilikia mai ka nui o nā aphids i ka mea kanu ke hoʻololi i kona ʻano.
E hoʻopau aku ka ʻelo i nā waiʻai mai loko mai o ia mea, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka lau ʻia ʻana o kona lau i loko o kahi wai. Eia ma nā lau a i ʻeli nā lau a loaʻa iā ia kahi pā no nā aphids. No laila, pono e hana me ia a ma mua o ka waiho ʻana o ka lau ma nā lāʻau.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka mālama ʻana iā lākou i ka pūnāwai, i ka manawa e ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻāʻī o ka pēpē. Ke haʻi nei i ke kaua ma nā aphids, ʻaʻole e poina ka mea e pili ana i nā ʻōpio a hoʻohana pū kekahi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai a lākou aku.
ʻAʻole paʻakikī ke hōʻili i nā ʻōpala. Hana ʻia kēia me ke kōkua o kahi winterizer synthetic, kahi i kāohi ʻia kahi ʻāpana lāʻau. Pono e mālama mua ʻia ʻo Sintepon me kahi hoʻomākaukau lāʻau no ka popo. I kēia manawa, aia kahi koho nui o ia mau mea hana. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka "Anteater."
Hāpai kekahi mau māla e hōʻohi i nā aphids me ka uila. Hoʻopili lākou iā ia me ke kōkua o nā lima, kahi wai o ka wai ma lalo o ke kaomi ikaika. Ma kēia ala wale nō e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pena i nā pōpō i aia i nā mea kanu stunted.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻoia i kēlā mau mea maʻalahi e hiki ke hana me ia e kū ma ka pūnaewele me kahi nui o nā aphids. Hoʻopili kēia ma nā ladybugs, kekahi mau ʻano o nā puʻupuʻu, nā lele wahine, a me nā lacewings. No nā manu he nui, e hana ka aphid ma ke ʻano. Hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi i nā manu manu a me nā kahu manu manu kūikawā.
ʻAʻohe maikaʻiʻole nā Aphids i nā lāʻau maikaʻi o kekahi mau mea kanu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lūlū i ka mint a puni ka pūnaewele, marigolds a me nā aphids e hoʻomaka lūlū e haʻalele i kēia wahi. ʻAʻole makemake kēia mea pepeke i ka ʻono o ke kāleka, cilantro, fennel, basil.
Nui nā huakaola maikaʻi e pono ai i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā aphids. Mai kēia mau mea, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea like nā aphids e like me Fitoverm, Aktofit, Jaguar. ʻO kēlā me kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau ke loaʻa iā ia kahi kikoʻī o ka hana a me nā kuhikuhi i hoʻohana ʻia.
Kālā Aphid
E kaua aku i nā aphids - ʻAʻole maʻalahi ia. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻomaka koke ma hope o ka mākaʻina mua o nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau iniseti.
He mea nui loa ia i ka wā lohi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka māla, ke kīhāpai o nā koena lāʻau nui. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o lākou i ka hoʻopō. Pale aku kēia i ka waiho ʻana o nā aphids a me ke ʻano o nā pōpoki pepeke me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka pūnāwai.
Hōʻike e hōʻiliʻili i nā mea kanu a pau i lele ʻia e nā aphids me nā hoʻomākaukau ʻōnaehana aila. Mālama ʻia ka manawa liʻiliʻi no kēia hanana.
Hana ʻia kēia i nā mea maoli ma mua o 3 mau lā. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hāʻawi i ka manawa kūpono i nā pepeke manuahi e hānau ai a lawe i ka luku ʻia o nā mea kanu ma ka waiū ʻana i kā lākou mau puna.
Pono e hoʻihoʻi ka hoʻoili ʻana ma hope o nā lā 14-21. ʻO ka holo ulu holoʻokoʻa e hele pū me ka nānā ʻana o nā mea kanu. Pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā aphids pono i ka insecticides.
ʻO kahi hopena mai ka sabe, ka lehu a me ka ʻaka-alkaline e hoʻopili maikaʻi me nā aphids. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia no ka hoʻopili ʻana i kēia mau mea hihiu i ka wā o ka hua o nā mea kanu. Hiki i nā lāʻau āpau ke komo i loko o ka hua.
ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau maʻamau
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, aia he 4,000 mau momo o nā aphids. ʻAʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo pono i ia mau mea āpau, no laila mākou e hoʻolohe nui i nā mea maʻamau.
- Bean aphid a i ʻole beetroot - nā ʻalemala ma luna o beets, pi, a me nā pepa. Pihi ka mea i loko o nā kukama, akā ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka wai ua make koke ia. I ka hopena o nā parasitization i nā mea kanu, ua hoʻohālikelike nā kaʻina o ka metabolic a ma lalo o ka hoʻonuiʻana i kā lākou huahana. Hoʻopili ʻo Beet aphid i ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa o ka moʻomeheu, hana i kahi kolone ʻōpala. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo kēia ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha, ʻaʻole ʻāpana nā wāwae, ʻeleʻele nā maka, lōʻihi ka proboscis me kahi ʻeleʻeleʻele.
- ʻO Acacia, a i ʻole alfalfa aphid e hōʻino i nā ʻaoʻao o luna o alfalfa, a me nā pua a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio. He mea lawe i ka maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o kēia lāʻau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ia i ka lua o ke kauwela, a i loko o ka manawa kime. Hoʻonui kēia aphid i ke ʻano o ka hua manu ma alfalfa, kahi i puka mai ai nā larvae i ka pūnāwai a neʻe i ka acacia a me ke olonā.
- Pea aphids - pili i ka pīpī, nā māka, nā lentilila, nā melilot, a me nā mea kanu leguminous. Hoʻokahi ʻokoʻa nā huaʻai he nui o kēia ʻano ʻē aʻe i ko lākou lōʻihi o ke kino: hiki i nā ʻehā ʻēheu hiki ke kiʻi i ka 4m mm, a me nā ʻēheu - 5 mm Hoʻomaʻemaʻo ʻia ke kino he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōuli, he brown nā maka, he māmā nā wāwae me nā wāwae ʻeleʻele.
- ʻO Elm-sedge aphids - i ka pūnāwai ua pālahalaha aku ia i nā lau elm, ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana o ke ʻano o nā mea kuʻuna. Ma muli o ke kau ʻana me kēia mau pōʻino, hoʻāla ʻia ka ulu ʻana o nā sedge hoʻohuihui.
- ʻO Rosaceous aphid - e hoʻoulu ai i nā lāʻau kūlohelohe, kahi i noho ai me nā kolana he nui. Hoʻokomo i ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka papa lau, mau pua, peduncles a me nā hua ʻōpio.
- White aphid - loaʻa kahi kino translucent a me ka maka huna hiki ke hewa i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hau. He waiwai ʻole kona mau ʻāpana - ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1 mm. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine nā parasitū i nā mea kanu loko.
- ʻAʻole ʻeleahi kahi ʻohana aphid ka ʻeleʻele, akā he mau ʻano like ʻole a nā kānaka i hui pū ai i kekahi pūʻulu, e hoʻomaka ana i ke kala. Noho nui kēia mau mea ʻai i ka ʻōpala, kamato, nā kukama a me nā ʻehā.
- Cherry aphids - kekahi o nā pōpō nui o nā hua lāʻau hua. ʻO ka Parasitizes ma luna o nā cherries a me nā cherries. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia i nā wahi a pau i ulu ai kēia mau lāʻau ulu.
- Nā kiʻiona cereal - nā wahi me ka nui o ka nahele, nāʻu. No ka apupili cherry aphid i kēia mau ʻano - pili i ka pūnāwai a me ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, ka palaoa, ka palaoa, ka oats a me ka rye. No kēia holoholona hihiu i nā ʻano he nui a he hiki ke luku koke i ka hua i nā māla ākea ākea.
Hoʻaiho
Makemake ʻo Aphids i nā noho me kahi mahana a me ka ea i ka ea - i loko o nā kūlana e hiki ai iā ia ke hele maʻamau a hānai hou. ʻO ka māhele ʻāpana o kēia parasite a nui loa a uhi i kahi ʻāina e hoʻonui ʻia ana mai Siberia a hiki ma Komohana Komohana, a ke noho nei ʻo ia wale nō ma nā māla kipa, nā māla a me nā māla.
Pehea ka pōpilikia?
Hiki i ka poʻokela mai nā aphids ka nui i lahilahi, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike i kēia pōpilikia i ka manawa a hoʻomaka ka hakakā me ia.
Hoʻolaha kahi mea kanu liʻiliʻi i nā mea kanu, kahi e hoʻonāwaliwali a nalowale i ka hiki iā lākou e pua a hua. ʻOi loa ka pilikia i nā hua kūloko a me nā wana ʻōpio. Ke ʻike ʻole ʻia ai, hoʻomaka nā lāʻau like ʻole e palupalu, maloʻe nā lau, a lilo ka ʻala.
Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau a me nā hiʻohiʻona
He pepeke nā aphids mai ka ʻōpiopio o Hemoptera. Ua ʻike ʻia lākou i ka ʻepekema mai ka hope o ke kenekulia 18, aia ma kahi o 4,000 mau ʻano, aneane hoʻokahi tausani e noho nei ma ʻEulopa. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o nā aphids i kekahi mau kenekulia, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau maka he takitahi o 5-7 mm ka nui.
ʻO nā ʻano āpau o nā aphids he mau lehelehe (kuleana no ka hoʻoulu) a me nā ʻēheu (kuleana no ka hoʻolaha a hoʻololi i nā mea kanu).
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o nā aphids ka mea ʻokoʻa loa (ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, a me ke aniani). Ma ke poʻo nā makaʻeleʻele a me nā ʻāpana o ka antennae. ʻO nā pihi manu ʻehā he ʻelua ʻelua mau pihi o nā ʻili polū, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka pale hulina i mua o ka pihi. Loaʻa iā Aphids ka proboscis kūikawā, kahi e kūleʻa i nā lau a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio.
ʻO kekahi o lākou i hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona ola a me nā hiʻohiʻona kūkulu
I ka pūnāwai, ua kāohi kahi larva mai kahi hua manu. Hāʻawi ʻia ka hua manu e nā aphids ma ka mea kanu hoʻokipa ma ka hāʻule (ma ke kumu o nā lāʻau, ma nā kalā ma ka ʻili, etc.). Loaʻa nā ulū hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, no ka laʻana, i ka phylloxera (grape aphids). I ka wā mua, ua hānai ka larva i ka wai o nā ʻōpio o ka mea kanu o ka mea hoʻokele a ma hope o ka molting, hoʻomaka ka huaʻai parthenogenetic, e hoʻopuka wale ana i nā wahine hika manu.
No hoʻokahi mahina (ʻApelila a Mei paha, pili paha ma ka ʻāina), hiki i kahi wahine ʻēheu kekahi a hiki i ʻekolu mau pepeke o nā iniseti me kahi huina o nā haneli he kaukani kanaka .
Ma hope o ka maloʻi ʻana o nā ʻōpio, hoʻomaka e hānau nā manu lele hoʻomaka e hele ai i nā mea kanu kokoke o kekahi ʻano, e pālahalaha ana i ka māla a me ka māla. I ke kauwela, kū ʻia nā hanauna he ʻumi tausani o nā lehelehe o nā lehelehe a me nā lehe. A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻo ka huina o nā iniseti hou i hele mai he nui i ka trillions o nā kānaka.
I ka hāʻule, ke ʻano maoli o ka hānau ʻana o mau kāne ʻēheu e lele ana aʻe i luna o ka mea hoʻokele hale, kahi i waiho ai ka wahine i kā lākou hua no ka hoʻoilo.
Ua hoʻomoe ʻo Aphids i nā hua manu, a me kekahi mau ʻano aphids hānau mau ke ola . ^ E Ha yM. Hānau ʻia kekahi lahilahi mau aphids i kēlā me kēia, a ʻoiai lākou ke kuleana no ka neʻe, hele i nā wahi lōʻihi a hoʻokumu i nā koloni i nā wahi hou.
Wahi a nā noiʻi hou, hiki i ka hānau ʻana o nā aphids mau puʻu ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia e nā mea ʻala kūikawā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā aphids i ka wā i lele ʻia ai e nā ʻenemi, e like me nā ladybugs. ʻO kēia mau mea makaʻala e kumu ka hopohopo i ka kolone, e alakaʻi ana i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki o nā aphids winged. Pēlā kēia e hana ai ke kānāwai o ka mālama i ka kūlohelohe.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai
A ka hope, hōʻike mākou e familiarize iā ʻoe iho me kekahi mau ʻike maka e pili ana i nā aphids:
- He pepeke maikaʻi maikaʻi ʻo Aphids, akā he peni koʻikoʻi. ʻO kēia nā meaʻalolo e makemake i nā pā momona e hūnā ʻia e nā aphids, a no laila hoʻokomo i kā lākou hua i loko o kā lākou ulu ke ola i ka hoʻoilo,
- parasitizing i nā wahi mahana, hiki i kēia mau inikini ke hoʻohua i 30 mau hanauna hou i ka makahiki hoʻokahi,
- Ua helu ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻAmelika i ka huina o nā aphids parasitizing ma ka 2 heketeleki o nā kōkōlohi kūloko - ko lākou paona he 25 kg
- Hiki pū ke hoʻopiʻi ʻo Aphids - i ka wai wai o kekahi mau mea kanu i nui ka nui o ke kō, e hoʻonele ai i nā kaʻina photosynthesis. Hoʻomoʻa kēia mau ʻuʻuku i ka wai, hoʻoi i ka nui o ke kō, a me ka hoe, e hāʻule ana i ka lepo, me ka waiwai o ka nitrogen.
Kālā
ʻAuhea e ʻike ai nā aphids ma kahi papa māla? I ka wā mua, ua hele mai lākou mai kahi nohona kūlohelohe kahi i loaʻa ai nā mau mano o nā ʻano. Ma hope iho, hoʻoponopono iā lākou i ka papa māla, hoʻomaka lākou e noho ma luna o ka ʻōhumu ma muli o nā kūlana kūpono.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hāʻule nā aphids i nā wahi i kanu ʻia me nā mea kanu hou ʻaʻole i hoʻāʻo ʻia ka maʻi maʻi. Hiki ke noho a hoʻolōʻihi i nā wahi noho.
Eia kekahi, kōkua ke kime i nā aphids e hoʻoponopono - i ka hiʻohiʻona symbiosis o nā aphids me nā popo . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka ʻikepili "graze" aphids a loaʻa kahi leʻaleʻa maikaʻi mai ia - nā māla (nā koʻi i loaʻa ka kō). Mālama ka semū i mālama a pale aku i nā aphids mai nā mea wānana a me nā lolo. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻi iā lākou i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, a i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻonohonoho lākou iā lākou iho ma ka anthill.
ʻO nā kumu maʻi
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka pōʻino i loaʻa e aphids. Aia nā kolana ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o nā lau, a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike koke ʻia. Ma ka hana o ka hana koʻikoʻi o nā aphids nā mea hoʻonaninani , kahi e alakaʻi ai i kahi loli i ke ʻano o nā kino o ka mea kanu. Kūpono nui ʻia kēia ma nā lau ʻōpio a me nā pua.
- Kipi ka lau, hahaa nā ʻōpio, ma mua o ka wehe ʻana, ʻaʻole nā ka hua.
- Loaʻa paha nā pua a i ʻole ka pig pigesh i loko o nā lau.
- Kahu ʻia ka pīpī a lūlū i nā lau - ʻo ia ke ʻano o nā galls, i ka wā lōʻihi i lilo ai lākou i nā ʻōpio.
- Hiki paha i kahi uhi hina ma nā lau, ʻo ia nā hopena o ka maʻi me kahi ʻeha.
- Ma kahi o kēia mau mea a pau, lilo nā lau i pipi a hāloʻi ʻia ma muli o ka hoe papau.
Me ka loaʻa nui o nā aphids, hiki ke hoʻopau pau i ka ulu lāʻau. ʻO nā mea palupalu i nāwaliwali, a i ʻole hapa o nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole hiki ke kū i ka hoʻoilo make .
I nā mea āpau o luna, lawe kekahi mau aphids hiki i nā maʻi huakino e hoʻopili ʻia nā mea kanu. I kēia hihia, hikiʻole iā ia ke hoʻopakele i kahi lāʻauʻakola a i ke kumu lāʻau currant paha; pono ʻoe e ʻānai iā ia me ke aʻa a waiho aku.
ʻŌhumu ʻōnaehana
- ʻAiʻina - Nā Puhi
- Kāpili - Diptera
- Māhele - Aphidina (Aphidinae)
ʻO nā ʻelele o ka subhort aphids:
- Aphid Cherry
- Elm a me nā pear aphid
- Helichrysum aphid
- ʻO nā ʻili a me nā cereal aphids
- Palani a me ka umbrella aphid
- ʻĀpala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻō-ʻula
- Peach green aphid (ʻōmaʻomaʻo, tapaa)
- Apple aphid
- ʻOka aphid aphid aphid
- ʻO ka aphid
- Aphid
- ʻO ka aphidi Gooseberry
- Polinated aphid plum
- Hop aphid
- Thisher aphid
- Apela a me ke kolo aphid
- Apple a me Plantain Aphid
- Pepe pia aphid
- Phyloxera (ʻAla ʻAla ʻAkake)
Pāʻena:
- hana manuahi - Hermes (Adelgoidea) ʻohana:
- Phylloxeridae (Phylloxeridae)
- Malekie (Adelgidae)
- Aphids kaiaulu (Aphidoidea) pili i nā ʻohana:
- ʻOiaʻiʻo ʻo Aphids (Aphididae)
- ʻO Gall kahi hoʻokumu aphids (Pemphigidae).
Hoʻoulu (ola i ke ola)
ʻO Aphids kekahi o nā nāpana nunui loa i loaʻa i ka Equine Wing Detachment, ko lākou laha, ka nui o ka noho ʻana, a me ka pōmaikaʻi o ka ʻekekala he nui loa ia no ka hiki ke hoʻohālikelike me nā mea hoʻohuli a me nā hanauna hanauna. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hopena o ke ola ke hilinaʻi ma nā ʻano o nā aphids - ka non-migratory (monoecious), ka hele ʻana (monoecious), i ʻole hoʻopukapuka, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i nā ʻelele o ke kauoha, hoʻohanohano ʻia nā aphids ma ka haʻi ʻia o ke ʻano a me ka polymorphism hai.
Ke ola ʻana o nā aphids non-migratory
Hoʻopilikia wale ke ola o nā aphids non-migratory i nā pae aʻe:
I ke ʻano nā hua hua ka hoʻoilo o ka iniseti; ka hoʻoilo mau ka mea hoʻoilo ma mua o ka mea kanu ʻole. I ka puna wai, ka mea i kapa ʻia nā mea kani: wahine wahine. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻēheu a no laila e hoʻomau i ka noho ʻana ma ka mea kanu i kū ai lākou, e hānai ana i kāna mau ʻano inu. Ma luna o ke ola o kēlā me kēia, ma ke ala parthenogenetic, e hoʻopiʻi i ka nui o ke kanalima elima e ulu ana ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole.
Nā mea i kapa ʻia kēia nā puʻupaʻa ʻole. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kā lākou hana, e hoʻopili hou i kekahi mau hanauna o nā kānaka pilikino. I waena o nā hanauna o ke kauwela i ʻike ʻia mai nā lehelehe ʻole o nā lehelehe, nā inisini mua me nā ʻēheu, kāhea ʻia nā puʻupaʻa ʻēheu, a i ole poʻe noho. ^ E Ha yM. Hāʻawi lākou i ka hoʻoneʻe a me ka noho hou o ke kolone.
No ka mea, ʻae nā ʻōiwi nonuhi ʻole aphid he hoʻokahi wale nō mea e pono ai, e lele nā mea noho i kahi lāʻau kokoke o nā ʻano like ʻole a i kekahi ʻano pili like ʻole. Ma laila e ola ai lākou i hana ai a hoʻonui i nā koloni hou. A me ka hoʻomaka wale ʻana o ka wā lohi ma waena o kā lākou huina e hōʻike ʻia ana nā ʻelele piha o nā kāne ʻelua. wahine kāne maʻamau a kāne maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka fertilization, a waiho nā wahine āpau i kekahi mau huaʻala no ka hoʻoilo.
Mahalo i kēia ʻano, hana ʻo aphids i nā lāʻau kokoke, e hāʻawi ana i kā lākou pale ʻana a me ka palahalaha nui o kēia mau pōpilikia.
Monoecious aphids me kēlā me kēia neʻe hoʻomohala pili i ka Colph aphid, Green aphid aphid, Cereal aphid a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. (Kiʻi)
ʻO ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o nā aphids migratory
Inā hōʻike ʻoe i ka scatically i ke alapine o ke ola heterophthous aphids, e like me kēia:
hua manu → hoʻokumu → walahe ʻiwahine → Mīkini → wahine puʻupaʻa → kāʻei → wahine maʻamau (ovipositing) a me ke kāne maʻamau → hua manu.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau manuʻu e ka ulu ʻana o nā mea ʻoi aku ka mea kanu hoʻokahi, ka mea e hoʻopiʻi ai i nā loli i ko lākou hoʻomohala ʻana, he mea paʻakikī loa ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka pili ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano milratory ʻole.
Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana ke ola me ka wā paʻipa a lohi i ka hāʻule. nā hua huaanu i ka hooilo i ka luna. I ka pūnāwai, ua ʻike ʻia ʻēheu ʻole hoʻokumuka hatch a i ʻole nā hanauna he ʻelua lei ʻēheunā hōʻailona wahine. ^ E Ha yM. I ka hope hope loa o lākou nā wahine puʻupaʻa ʻē aʻe, a i ʻolelele helunamigranala)e waiho ana i ka mea kanu kumu mua a hele i ka lua o ka mea hoʻokele. Ma laila mau lākou e hana hou ai i ka manawa (parthenogenesis) a, ʻike ʻia kekahi mau makahiki o ke kauwela wahine makua wahine (exulas e.alienicolae). ^ E Ha yM. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā lohi, ʻike ʻia nā wāhine ʻēheu i waena o lākou.ʻōpio. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻihoʻi lākou i ka mea kanu mua, kahi e hoʻonui ai a parthenogenetically a hānau mai nā kāne maʻamau a me nā wahine maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaka ka lōkō i ke ala like ma ka hihia ma mua: ka moʻo ʻana o nā kāne a pau me ka waiho ʻana o ka hua manu.
Pākuʻi ʻia nā ʻano hiʻona Migratory, no ka laʻana: ʻO nā aphids cherry manu, kahi e hoʻomaka ai nā hana mua o ka hopena ma ka lāʻau cherry manu, a puka mai nā hanauna kauwela ma nā cereals. Hoʻokumu ʻo Beetroot aphids i kahi like like: e hānau ana nā mea hoʻokumu i ka viburnum a me nā lāʻau spindle, a ʻo nā wā wīwā kauwela e hoʻopau ana i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i nā beets a i nā pīni lio, ua lawe ʻia nā semeri aphids mai ka cherry a bedstraw. (Kiʻi)
ʻO ka phenology o ka hoʻolālāʻana o nā aphids koko
1 - hoʻokumu, 2 - wahine leʻaheʻe, 3
4 - polonoska, 5 - kāne, 6 - wahine ʻoki manu, 7 - larva hoʻoilo, 8 - ʻili.
Ke hōʻike nei nā pua puaʻu i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano ʻōiwi i ka ʻāina home (ʻo ka migratory), nā pua ʻoniʻula e hōʻike i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano ʻōuli o ka hūnā ʻole o ka host nui (e like me analogocyclic)
ʻO ke alakaʻina ke ola o nā aphids non-cyclic (acyclic)
Hōʻike ʻia kēia pūʻulu e ka neʻe ʻana i nā aphids, ʻaʻohe hemahema i ka ulu ʻana i ka mea kanu mua. Holo koke lākou i ka lua o ka mea hoʻokele waiwai, kahi e hana hou ai i nā manawa like ʻole.
Kiʻiʻike ke ola:
ʻO ke ʻano kupanaha loa loa o ka analogocyclism ʻo ke koko Aphid i hoʻopuka ʻia mai ʻAmelika Huipū ʻia. ʻO ka mea nona kāna kumu ʻo ʻAmelika elm - kahi mea kanu ʻaʻohe "mau hoahānau" ma ko mākou'āina. No laila, ma Rūsia, ola nā aphids koko ma luna o nā kumulāʻau (ʻo ka mea kanu fodder kūleʻa), ʻoiai nā mea ʻike mai puka mai nā hua e noho ʻole ma laila, pono lākou i ka elm e hānai. Make koke lākou i ka wā, a hoʻomau ka hua a kā lākou mamo i nā hanauna o nā wahine i hiki ʻole ke waiho i hua. Aia nā kolana i haku ʻia i ka hāʻule. (Kiʻi)
ʻO nā tapa (he peach) nā aphids nā hiʻohiʻona like, nona ka peach ke kumu mua, a ʻo ka tupuna a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe ka lua. Ma ka waena waena a ma ke kūkulu ʻākau, kahi ʻaʻohe peach, noho lākou ma nā lāʻau kanu wale nō.
ʻAumea
Nui nā ʻelemaka o ka suborder ka mea maikaʻi loa o nā mea kanu manu. ʻO kā lākou hopena maikaʻi aʻe e like me kēia.
- Pōʻino ʻo Aphids i nā mea kanu hānai ma ka inu ʻana i ko lākou momona. Noho lākou ma nā wahi kikowaena a i nā aʻa paha. ʻO kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi, ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka nui o ka nui o ka lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka hua maikaʻi ʻole, ka lau hala mua, ka ʻōkumu o ke au (gall form), a me kekahi mau ʻano o ka hoʻopōʻino a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻāpana; Ke hana hou nei i nā pōkole hou o ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa, hiki i nā aphids ke ola i kahi pau ʻole ma ka substrate like, e maloʻo ai iā ia. Ma ka manawa like, ʻo ka hoʻōla lōʻihi o kēia mau mea kanu me nā mea kanu hua i loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o ka protein e pale iā lākou mai ka hoʻomohala nui a hoʻonui ʻia: ʻaʻole pono lākou i nā mea protein, no ka mea, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka simbiosis me nā huikala paʻa huina, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka nitrogen i ka lewa.
- I loko o ke kaʻina hana o ke ola, ua hoʻopili ʻo aphids i ka momona momona - ka hau meli, i kuʻi ʻia e nā ʻōpala. No laila, i ka "maka" o nā popo, ua huki lākou i nā mea kanu a kanu i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Kuhi ua mau ʻōpiopio nei i ka hana o ka mālama pono o kekahi i kekahi. Hāʻawi ʻo Aphids i nā meaʻai i nā ʻoloka, a ma ka hoʻihoʻi aku lākou iā lākou mai nā mea e kahakaha ana, hoʻoneʻe iā lākou i nā ʻuala a hiki i ka wahine i kā lākou mau leʻaleʻa no ka hoʻoilo. Ma ke kānāwai e ka poʻe ʻike kahiko - nā ʻāpana o ka ʻ Amber, kahi i loaʻa ai nā ʻolima me nā aphids - he lōʻihi loa ka mōʻī o ko lākou noho maikaʻi ʻana, no laila hiki ke paʻakikī i ka haki i kēia pili a hoʻokau aku i nā pōpoki, ʻoiai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano pale o nā lāʻau loea. (Kiʻi)
- Lawe ʻo Aphids i nā maʻi phytopathogenic, ʻo nā ʻōmaʻomaʻi like pū kekahi e hiki ke hāhū i nā 100 o nā meaʻala i nā mea kanu huluhulu - e like me nā Peh (tabako) aphids.
Palapala Apolo a me Aphid
ʻO ka hōʻeha ʻia o nā luna o kēia subfine e hoʻopāpā ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāpana o ke kaha kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohālikelike. Ma nā kikowaena waena, ʻo kahi aphid (hoʻokumu) no kahi "kuʻikahi" holoʻokoʻa e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pahuhopu o nā hanauna i hala i ka ulu ʻana o nā mauʻu he mau tausani. I ka waenakonu a i hope paha o ka manawa, hiki i ka nui o nā mea hoʻopiʻi ma luna o kahi mea kanu ke hoʻoulu a keu loa lākou ke uhi piha nei i kāna mau ʻāpana kūpono i nā meaʻai (Kiʻi) ʻAʻole kēia ka palena: ma nā ʻona subtropical, kahi i loaʻa ai i 300 mau lā mahana i ka makahiki, ʻo ka nui o nā hua i hoʻokahi aphid he 10 13 mau pepeke.
Ma kahi o ka neʻe ʻana mai ka mea kanu i ka lāʻau ʻē, ʻo ia ka mea nona nā elima winged ka "kuleana", ka noho hou ʻana o ka noho hou, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ana i ka pōʻino o kēia mau mea. Pēlā, ʻo nā pepeke e noho ana ma nā aʻa o nā mea kanu e pālahalaha me ka holoi ʻana i ka wai a me ka hele ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana irrigation, a me nā ʻano o luna ʻē aʻe, me nā mea ʻēheu ʻole, ma muli o ko lākou kaupaona māmā, hiki ke ala i nā ʻōpū o ka ea a hiki i nā papa kiʻekiʻe o ka lewa.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o nā ʻano ʻano a me kāna mau hiʻohiʻona
Aphids - ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā pōpō maʻamau e hōʻino i kahi mea kanu a me nā mea kanu kūloko. I ka hapanui pinepine, ʻike ʻia nā pepeke i loko o nā cottages kauwela, inā no nā currant a me nā lau raspberry.
- ʻĀpana - Koheʻe
- nā pūnana - nā pepeke,
- ʻano - nā ʻōpū,
- kauhula - aphids,
- ʻano - non-migratory, migratory, complete.
ʻO ka mea nui o nā aphids ma biogeocenosis a me ke ʻano
ʻO Aphid ka mea lawe i nā maʻi o ka mea kanu a me ka parasit. Mālama pū kekahi i ke kaʻina o ka photosynthesis - ʻoiai e haki ana i ka wai wai mai nā mea kanu ʻōpio, lawe nā aphids i ka nui o ka hilo, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā puna momona a komo i ka lepo, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana me nā haukini. Hoʻopili, hana maikaʻi nā aphids no nā popo e hōʻiliʻili i nā hāmona maikaʻi a hānai i ka ʻōpū, ka hua. Ma muli o ka loaʻa pono o ka hau, hiki i ka popo ke pale aku i nā aphids mai ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā iniseti weliweli, e like me ka ladybugs.
No ke aha ka aphid e pili ai me ka ʻēheu? Aia ka ʻōkuhi i kahi proboscis, nāna e hoʻokani nei i nā hana o ka waha. ʻOiai ke kau ʻole ʻana o nā ʻēheu, he apopiki o ka aphid ka hoʻomohala, kahi e loaʻa ai i nā mea ʻao ʻole o kahi manuahi nā ʻēheu e like me ka nui a me ka nui.
Koho ʻia - ke kiʻi kokoke loa
He like ke ʻano o ka hiʻohiʻona me ka hiʻohiʻona o ke kino e nānā. Hiki i ke kino ke ʻano ovoid, oblong, a me kahi ellipse. Loaʻa nā helu mai ka 0.3 mm a i 0.8 mm. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano o nā aphids he nui i mua o kahi pālahalaha ka nui, akā aia ka mea i loaʻa i nā kumu kumu o nā koloni. Kālala ʻia ka integument, a ʻōlelo ʻia ke kala e ka haku ʻana o ka hemolymph, mānoanoa o ka ʻili a me ka ʻike o kahi pani waxy.
Hiki ke kūlike ke kala o ka ʻōpū o ka'ōpū - ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hina, ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, beige. ʻO ka kumu, ua like ke kala me ka mea kanu e ʻai ai nā pepeke. Aia nā pūmaka a me nā fluffs ma luna o ke kino; i kekahi mau ʻano, hiki i nā fluff ke piʻi i 4 mm ka lōʻihi.
ʻEono mau wāwae a ka ʻātoʻi, ʻekolu i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā hua lāʻau kahi lulu o kahi pākeke, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka proboscis e pili ana i ke kino. ʻAʻole hoʻopili ʻia ka huelo. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
Hoʻaiho
E aloha ana nā mea aloha i kahi mahana a me ka leʻaleʻa, e hoʻolaha ana i ka hana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Hopu ka hale noho ma Western Europe a me Siberia. ʻAʻole kū nā hua i ke anuanu o ka mahana ma mua o -25 degere. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻopili hou ʻia e nā loli, i ka ua a i ka maloʻo. ʻIke ʻia nā Aphids ma nā wahi kūlohelohe o nā mea kanu a i lalo paha, inā e hoʻopili ʻia ka manu ʻona i ke aʻa. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ma ka mauʻu.
KA MINA: pono ia e nānā ʻokoʻa i nā mea kanu i ka mea ʻike i ka pōpoki i ka manawa.
ʻO wai e ʻai i nā aphids - ʻenemi
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe nā manu a me nā manu. ʻO nā aphids e like me ladybugs, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka mālama i nā pōpoki. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā mea hoʻohanohano.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hakakā ʻana i nā aphids a me nā popo i ka manawa like, no ka mea ke pale pinepine nei nā antsi i ka mea kanu i noho ai nā aphids.
Ua hānai nā Aphids:
ATTENTION: hiki ke kūʻai aku i nā hua Ladybug ma nā hale māla.
Koti
I kekahi ʻano o nā mea ʻēheu ʻole me ke kino o nā ʻenehana, ʻo ia ka mea ʻoniʻoni a ʻulaʻula paha. Loaʻa nā mea ola i 4 mm ka lōʻihi, loaʻa antennae a me ka huelo. ʻOiai he mea nui ia ua kūpono kēia ʻano o kēia ʻano i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. E hānai ana i nā mea kanu meaʻai: nā ʻuala, ka ʻaka, ka beets a me ka kāpeti. ʻO ka hoʻoilo ua neʻe ia i homeplants.
Kapukū aiʻole ka gourd
I ka hiʻohiʻona, ua like ka inikona me ka mea ma mua, he antennae a me nā kaʻina. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka kala o ke kino. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ia i nā wai wai, nā melons, nā mau paukena, nā kukama, pāpaʻi ʻia i nā hua sesame, nā iʻa a me nā beets. ʻO kēia ʻano o nā mea ʻona he aloha i ka wela, no laila e loaʻa i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Ke lau ʻāpana
Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano lāʻau like. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka parasit i ka wā wela a me ka maloʻo. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma nā mea kanu ʻōpio. ʻO nā melemele manu ʻele nā melemele i ka kala a he ʻuluʻulu ka ʻaoʻao. Mea aloha nui ʻia lākou e nā popo ʻeleʻele. Hoʻopili i nā mea kanu ʻōpio, ua aloha nui nā aphids i nā pua kūloko a me nā pua.
Bean a bean
ʻO nā hua ʻākī o ka mea kū hoʻokahi elliptical i ke ʻano a ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ka kala. He kino ʻōwili ka wahine, i hoʻonui ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao. ʻAno ke kala a ʻeleʻele paha a ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Uhi ʻia ke kino me ka pulu e like me ka wolo. Noho ʻo ia ma beets, jasmines, legumes, poppies, viburnum or sunflowers. Lawe ka lāʻau i nā maʻi maʻi āpau.
Kāpiki
He pepeke ʻo Wingless, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 2,5 mm. Ua uhi ʻia ke kino me ka pulu hina, i loaʻa ka mea ovoid a me kahi ʻula hoʻi uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Kuhi ʻia nā hua ʻōpala i nā koena kāpili i waiho mau ma ka pūnaewele. I ka waena waena o ka'ōpala, puka nā palaka e hānai ana i ka hua kanu. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi poʻo o ka kāpeti.
Pūleʻa
ʻO ka inoa ʻelua o nā ʻano, phylloxera. Pono ke kino, ʻūlū a ʻākele paha. ʻO ka antennae, e like me ka proboscis, pōkole. Noho nō ia ma nā lau hua waina, akā ʻaʻole ia e noho i nā hua waina pubescent. Hiki i ka wahine hoʻokahi ke hāʻawi aku i 500 huaʻai, a hiki i ka 9 mau hanauna ke hoʻololi ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. E wehewehe i nā pōpoki hae.
Rozannaya
ʻO kekahi o nā pōpoki maʻamau i nā maʻa. ʻO nā pepeke liʻiliʻi me kahi kino ʻōmaʻomaʻo ovoid e hōʻeha nui i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka hōʻalulu o Aphids i ka wā līwī ma nā mea kanu makahiki. Hoʻokomo ʻo nā huaʻili i nā wai momona mai nā pua, nā lau, nā wana a me nā pua.
Peach Kaʻai
Hiki ke loaʻa i kēia ʻano aphid ma nā lau o ka taba, ka meli, ka ʻākeke a me nā ʻalemona. Noho ʻo Aphids i ke kahawai puna. I ka wā mua, ua hānai ia i ka wai ʻai, a ma hope hoʻi e neʻe i ka tabo a me nā hua hua. He ʻeleʻele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke ʻano kino o ke kino, no ka mea hiki ʻole ke nānā ʻia i nā mea kanu. Ke hoʻouna nei i kahi nui o nā maʻi i nā mea kanu.
Mealy a shaggy paha
ʻO nā kino oval o kēia ʻano he mau pulelulu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu ke kala, uhi ʻia i ke kao keʻokeʻo ma luna, kahi i like me ka palaoa. Noho nā Aphids ma nā hua waina, nā kō a me nā mea kanu hale. Ua hoʻolōʻihi ia ka nui a noho i nā kolone nui.
White aphid
Noho ke kōpū keʻokeʻo ma nā mea kanu o loko. He pōkole liʻiliʻi ia i uhi ʻia me ka pulu, ʻike iki nā wāwae. Makemake ʻo ia i ka ea mahana a me ka maloʻo. Hoʻopili i nā pōʻino koʻikoʻi i nā mea kanu, hoʻopuʻi nā pepeke i nā maʻi like ʻole.
Apple aphid
ʻO ka hapanui pili i ka hua lāʻau, akā ua loaʻa ma cotoneaster, pia, ka lehu kuahiwi a i ʻole nō hoʻi ʻo Hawthorn. Nā hua ʻāpana o kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā aniani iʻeleʻele e uliuli. Loaʻa i ka wahine nā pū me ka piko o ke kua. ʻEleʻele nā pāpila, ʻili, nā umauma a me ke poʻo. I ka wā holo, hoʻohuli ʻia kekahi mau hanauna o nā pepeke. Hāʻawi ke kanaka hoʻokahi i nā wahine puʻupaʻa 120. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Mating a me ka hua manu ma ʻOkakopa.
Hoʻopiʻi mai nā aphids
He nui ka hana ʻino o Aphids. Kūkū ʻia nā koloni hou ma lalo o nā mea kanu. Hoʻokomo i nā mea make huna, ka mea e alakaʻi ai i ka loli o nā mea kanu lāʻau. ʻO ka mea mua, ua ʻokiʻoki nā ʻōpio, nā ʻōpio a me nā pua.
Inā nui ka koloni aphid, a laila paʻa ke ulu o ka mea kanu. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōuli uliuli a i ʻole ʻupena ma nā lau, nā mea huna e hōʻino ai i ka mea kanu a hōʻole i ke komo ʻana o ka kala. ʻĀpana ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. Ua nāwaliwali nā wana i hoʻopā nā aphids a make i ka hoʻoilo.
KĀNĀNUI: pono ia e nānā i ke ʻano o nā lau, ke ʻano o nā ʻūhā a me nā uluwī.
Kāohi
ʻAʻole ʻo Aphids i ʻae i nā ʻono o kekahi mea kanu. Hoʻopili iki kēia mau kāleka, ke kāleka, chamomile. Hiki i kahi māla ke kanu i kēia mau mea lāʻau i ke ʻano pale. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi maneuver distracting. No ka hana i kēia, e kanu i nā mea kanu pūnaewele e ʻae i nā aphids: nasturtium, cosmea, poppy, mallow, viburnum a linden.
Nui nā ʻano e pale aku ai:
- e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻāina mai nā lau a me nā mauʻu nā kokoke i nā ʻōpala i kokoke loa mai ka ngahulu,
- ʻoki ʻia i ka piko o nā manawa a me nā pua basal.
- hoʻokaʻawale i nā anthills i ka wā puna a me ke kauwela. He make ʻole ka luku piha ʻana, no ka mea ʻo nā pume kekahi o nā papa lepo i ka wā anu a me ka makani.
- hoʻohana i ka papa lāʻau no nā lāʻau,
- mālama pono no nā mea kanu a me nā hua ʻai.
- no nā pua kūloko i hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻomohala kūikawā.
ʻO nā mea ʻino maikaʻi ʻole mau ka hanana maʻamau i loko o ka māla. He nui nā hua o Aphids o kā lākou ʻano. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o kēlā me kēia ʻano holoholona ka wikiwiki wikiwiki a me ka ulu wikiwiki o ka heluna o nā koloni.