• Ho? I
  • Nā mea kanu
    • Nā lāʻau
    • Nā puaa
    • Qualifier
    • Hoʻohui i mua
  • ʻĀʻā pū
    • Pau loa
    • Poʻomanaʻo
    • Qualifier
    • Kuki
  • Nā holoholona
    • Nā holoholona
    • Nā manu
    • He keʻa lāʻau nui
    • Nā wāwae wāwae
    • Qualifier
  • Wāʻauhau
    • Kaumaha
    • ʻO nāʻiʻo
    • Nā mea hana
• Hana
  • Hoʻouka i ke kiʻi
  • Kākau i kahi moʻolelo
  • E haʻi mai iaʻu i ka wahi
• E kiʻi ʻia
  • Hoʻopili ʻo ʻAmospheric Photo Collections
    • Nā huina
    • Nā kānaka
    • Nā holoholona
    • Ke kanu honua
    • Hoikehonua
    • Kahiā
    • ʻOkaʻina hana
• Kōkua
• Kukulu
• • Nā Poʻo
    • Nā huina
    • Kahiā
    • ʻO ke kūlana
    • Nā mea kanu
    • Nā holoholona
    • Nā ʻōlapa
  • Nā moʻolelo
    • Kākau i kahi moʻolelo

    • E mālama i kahi diary, e kākau i nā moʻolelo ma nā puke, e hoʻopili i nā wahi, nā ʻāpana, nā mea kanu, nā holoholona, ​​e ʻike ai nā tausani o nā kānaka iā lākou!

      Ke kali nei ke ululāʻau i kāu mau moʻolelo!

• • Nā Palapala Kūlana Kūʻai Kūlana
  • ʻO ka palena o ka muliwai, nā māka kūlohelohe, etc. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo nā wahi kahi ma nā Teritori
  • ʻO nā wahi kikoʻī, nā mea hoihoi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ka palapala honua

Mai ka wā kahiko, hoʻomaikaʻi a makaʻu ka poʻe Nā ʻīlio, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he kaikaina kāne, makaʻu lākou i kāna mau keiki, haku pū ʻia nā moʻolelo a me nā retellings e pili ana iā ia. He lahui nui ka ʻano ʻōlio ʻoiʻo ka wolf, a me nā coyotes a me nā ʻīlio hihiu, akā ʻolio lilo i nā kūpuna pololei a pili loa i ka ʻīlio.

Nā ʻīlio - He mea e ʻike nui ana i ka ʻohana mammalian, kahi mea hiki ke ʻike mua ia ma kahi a pau ma Rūsia a me ka CIS. Akā no ka nui o nā pilikia i loaʻa i ka holomua ʻenehana, ua noho koʻikoʻi ka noho o kēia mau holoholona i nā makahiki i hala.

ʻO ka inoa ponoʻī ʻo "kahi ʻīlio"E hele mai ana i ka ʻōlelo Old Slavic, he lōʻihi loa ka iwi Indo-European a me ke ʻano maoli"kalaiwa"A ʻole" kaui. "

Ka mea aneane he ake nui o ka ʻohana Wolf - aia ma kahi o 32 mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o ka ʻolio, akā ma ka ʻāina o Rūsia he ʻeono mau mea nui - ka tundra, ka nahele Russian Lūkini, Mongolia, Caucasian, Siberian a me kahi ala.

He aha kā ka ʻīlio e ʻai ai?

Main Hōʻike Wolf e hana i nā holoholona nunu i hilinaʻi i ka noho. Hiki ke reindeer, lio, roe deer, puaʻa. moose, nā kao, ʻelua a me ka home.

Ma nā wahi wao, Wīwī nā mea pio ma nā antelope a me nā hipa. No ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hana a ke kanaka a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ke kanaka i loko o ke ʻano maoli o nā ʻīlio hihiu, hele mai nā hōʻeuʻeu o nā mea kauhau ma nā pā holoholona.

Akā ʻaʻano wolf e emi mau ana ma muli o ka nele o ka meaʻai a me ka ʻimi pinepine no lākou. I nā wā paʻakikī, hiki i nā Wolves ke hānai i nā rana, ka mea kīwī, a me nā mea hihiu nui. ʻO kekahi manawa ke ʻai nei lākou i nā hua waina, nā ʻalopona a me nā huaʻai, a no ka mea e hōʻolialoli i ko lākou makewai hiki iā lākou ke hao i ka wai me ke kumu melon

Kahi e noho ai ke Kakuleli?

Nā punetū ʻoi aku ka makemake i ka nahele lāʻau a koho i nā wahi papahele a i ʻole nā ​​mauna me nā māla sparse a me kahi nūhou no ka hale.

Nā ʻōlapa o nā ʻīlio Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kahi wahi o 30 a 60 km a makemake i ke ala noho. Akā i ka manawa o ke kauwela-kauwela, māhele ʻia kēia ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana e like me ka hierarchy o ka pā: ka maikaʻi loa i nā Wolves ikaika.

No ka mea, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Volkov ma ke kūkulu ʻākau ma ke taiga a me nā tundra e kokoke ana i nā wahi pane kanaka.

Na ʻīlio akamai a maopopo i nā wahi a pau ke kanaka, hiki iā ʻoe keʻai i kekahi mea e ʻai ai. A inā ʻōʻino lākou i ka mahiʻai, aia hoʻi, kāohi lākou i ka kaulike o ka ʻōpio ōolaʻi, e kaohi ana i ka nui o nā holoholona a me ke ʻano ʻana i nā ʻōpū o ka nahele.

ʻŌpio puaʻa hihiu

ʻO ka māhoe o nā Wolves lana mai Ianuali a ʻApelila. He monogamous ʻo Wolves a alakaʻi i kahi nohona ʻohana, pili pū nā kāne a hiki i ka hala ʻana o kekahi o nā hoa.

ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ʻo kahi wī wolf i ke alualu ʻana i ke kāne i mua o estrus. Hoʻopau nā hakakā no ka nānā ʻana o nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka hapanui, he mea maʻamau loa i waena o nā Wolves.

Na ʻulāne ʻehā hiki i ka wā pahū i ka lua o ka makahiki o ke ola, a ʻo Wolves i 3 mau makahiki.

Loaʻa i nā wolves he 1 estrus hoʻokahi makahiki i ke ʻano e like ai ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki wolf i ka manawa wela wela, i ka wā e lawa ai nā meaʻai a puni.

Hōʻike Wolf ʻO ka mea mua, mālama ʻo ia i kahi puʻu palekana no nā keiki e hiki mai ana. Hiki iā ia ke ʻokoʻa i nā wahi noho ʻole, a me nā lua haole o nā badger a i ʻole nā ​​ʻalopiha arctic, nā lua ponoʻī e ʻeli lākou.

Hoʻohana wale ʻo She-Wolf ma ke alo pū, ua launa pū ʻo ia i ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana i nā ʻōpio liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, kahi like me nā pipi ʻōpio maʻamau. ʻO ka maʻamau, hānau ʻia ka 3 a 13 mau ʻīlio wolf i kahi ʻōpio puaa, a kōkua ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa iā lākou e hānai.

Akā ʻoiai ka haʻalele mau ʻana mai nā mākua a me nā Wolves ʻē aʻe, i ka makahiki mua o ke ola wale 20-40% ola wale nō. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia mai ka maʻi, ka nele o ka ʻai a me ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o ka ʻohana, i ka nui o nā pēpē ikaika i ka nui a me nā nāwaliwali nāwaliwali.

Kāleka

Hiki paha ke kaumaha a me ka nui o kēia mau holoholona i nā kūlana ola. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia predator i nā huaʻai ka mea mai 65 a 85 sentimita, a hiki ke lōʻihi i ke kino 100 - 155 sentimika, me ke kaumaha o 30 i 60 kilograms, a ʻoi aku paha. He ʻikepili, nona ka makahiki ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki, kaupaona ka awelika o 25 kilograms, a ma ka makahiki he 3 ke kiʻi nei lākou i ka momona ma kahi o 40 kilograma. Ma hope o 3 mau makahiki o ke ola, loaʻa ke kaumaha o ka aneane 55 kilograms, manaʻo ʻia ka wolf "kākela".

I ka hiʻohiʻona, nā ʻīlio me ka nui o ka like me nā ʻīlio ikaika a me nā wāwae ikaika, a me nā wāwae elongated nui loa. Aia kekahi mau pahu waena ma waena o kahi mau hoʻonui e neʻe aku ai, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke huki ʻia ka wāwae o ka wolf me nā kaha o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa nā wolves i kahi poʻo ākea ākea a me kahi muzzle ākea nui, kahi mea iʻike nui ʻia. ʻOkoʻa nō ka muzzle i kekahi mau mea kikoʻī, kahi i hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano o ka nui o ka waha o ka helehelena o kahi predator. He pihi a nui ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka mea e kau ai, ākea a nui, a nui ka wehe ʻana o ka ihu, e kahe i lalo.

Hoihoi mai e ike! He ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana o ka wolf i ka wāwae o ka ʻīlio. ʻO ka mea mua, ua kau hou ʻia nā manamana lima e kuʻi aku, a ʻo ka wāwae, e like me ka mea i mālama ʻia i loko o kahi paʻa. ʻO ka lua, ua loaʻa i kahi wolf kahi "ala" pololei i waiho ʻia e ka holoholona.

ʻO ka huelo o kahi kakō he lāʻau-like a me ka mānoanoa, mau i lalo. ʻO ka nānā pono e uku ʻia i ke ʻano o nā niho o ka mea nāna e kūʻai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka mea e kū ai, he 6 incisors, ʻelua mau kapa, ʻewalu premolars a ʻehā molars, a ma luna o ka iwi haʻahaʻa, he mau molaka ʻelua mau mea hou aku. He koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi nā pīpī o kahi mea predator i ke kaʻina ola, no ka mea, ua kōkua lākou i ka mea e hana ai i ka hopu ʻana ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka huki ʻana i ka mea pio. Inā nalowalo ka wolf i kāna mau make, a laila hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ka pololi.

ʻO ke kapa huluhulu o ka wolf he ʻelua kāwele, mānoanoa a keu ke kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka lole ke paʻakikī a loaʻa i nā wai a me nā lepo repellent. Mahalo i ka undercoat mānoanoa, ʻaʻohe makaʻu o ka wolf i kekahi anu. Aia nō ka kala o kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā kūlana o ka noho ʻana. He ʻeleʻahu hina ka ʻāpana o nā ʻīlio e noho ana i nā ululāʻau, a ʻo nā keʻokeʻo e noho ana i ka tundra i aneane keokeo. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā poʻe hemo e noho ana i ka wao ma kahi hue ʻulaʻula-hina. Ma ka manawa like, hōʻike ʻia nā cubs wolf e kahi monotonous color a me nā aniani a ʻili hou, a me ko lākou ulu a me ka ulu ʻana, lilo nā kukui a lohi. ʻO kekahi o ka heluna kanaka hiki ke kau pū kekahi o nā mea nona ka ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ʻokoʻa.

Nā ʻano holoholona

1. ʻOi aku ka wāwae i ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻīlio, a ma muli o nā manamana waena waena o ke kuahiwi, he liʻiliʻi iki hoʻi ia.
2. He ʻōleʻa nunui a nunui ke poʻo. Hāʻawi ʻia ke poʻo i kahi kūweʻe elongated a me kahi lae ākea. ʻO kēia kekahi o nāʻokoʻa nui ma waena o kahi predator a me nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio. A ua hiki i ka holoholona ke hōʻike i kona mau manaʻo me ke kōkua o ka hōʻike i ka helehelena: ka mālie, ka huhū, ka huhū, ka makaʻu, ka huhū.
3. Ikaika a ikaika nā niho. Hiki iā lākou ke kū i kahi ukana nui loa, no ka mea, he mau mea kaua nui lākou nāna e aʻo i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai a i ka wā e pale ai i nā ʻenemi. Inā haʻalele ka holoholona i nā molars a i ʻole nāʻuʻalopiha, a laila lilo ia i incapacitated a pale ʻole.
4. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nani a me ka huelo o ka wolf a ʻaʻole a kolo e like me ke kani ʻana o ka ʻīlio. Akā hiki i ka huelo ke hoʻoholo no ke ʻano o ka holoholona.

ʻO ka hulu o ka holoholona me nā ʻāpana ʻelua, no laila ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wolf. ʻO ka papa ʻōlelo nui ka lauoho lōʻihi e pale i ke kino mai ka lepo a me ka makika. ʻO ka papahū lalo he wahi hina hina e pale ai i ka holoholona i ka hoʻoilo mai ke anuanu. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻokoʻa o ka ʻāpana o waho i nā subspecies. ʻO ka wili Tibetan he mau kukuna māmā, he hue hina hina ka mea e noho ai, nā ʻulaʻula a nā holoholona e noho ana ma ka wao nahele.

ʻO ka mea hoʻoiho ka mea hoʻomohala maikaʻi loa o ka ʻono a me ka hoʻolohe, ka ʻike liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Inā he mamao loa ka lōʻihi o ka mea pio ma kahi o 3 kilomita, a laila e aʻo ʻia i ka ihu o ka wolf. A laila, ua hoʻouna ka holoholona i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻokokoke o ka meaʻai i kona hoa ʻohana ma o kahi leka. ʻO kēia ala o ka kamaʻilio ʻana e kōkua i nā ʻīlio he nui i ka hopu. Hoʻopili i kahi kūlike, he hiki i kahi mea kola ke hoʻopio, wili, yelp, bark, yelp.

Ma ko lākou helehelena, kū mālie ka ʻīlio, nāhelehele, nā holoholona ʻole. Nā poʻe ʻona maikaʻi e pale palekana i nā wahine a me nā hua mai ke komo ʻana o nā mea pana ʻē aʻe.

Nā ʻano ʻoliala

1. He ʻōpiopio pau ka ʻulaʻula (mauna). He ʻano kea ma waena o ka ʻīlio, a me ka wolf a me ke koro. Ua liʻiliʻi ka mea predator i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me kona mau hoaaloha: ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe loa he 21 kg, a ʻo ka lōʻihi he 110 cm. A ʻo ka huelo, e like me ka ʻakopiko, lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi ke kīwaha, me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele. Hoʻomaha ʻia ke koena o ke kino i ka ʻulaʻula a i kona mau ʻāpana. Noho nā ʻāpana mokulele i nā mauna a me nā kaonaona ma nā ʻāina o Central and South Asia.
2. ʻO nā kānakaʻAmelika ʻAmelika Huipū - kahi pōpō o nā hina a ʻulaʻula a me kaʻulaʻula. ʻO ka hulu ka ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula me ka lauoho ʻeleʻele ma ke kua. I nā poʻohiwi, ulu ka ulu i ka 80 cm, a me ke kaumaha - 40 kg. Hoʻokomo lākou i ka moose a me nā rodents. Noho lākou i nā wao mai ke kahakaha o ke Komohana o Kanada ma Quebec.
3. ʻAlau Eurasian. Ua like ka wehewehe o waho e like me nā hoa ʻākau o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, akā he hulu ʻē aʻe. ʻOkoʻa ʻokoʻa ke kala: hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka beige, ke keʻokeʻo, ka hina, ka hulu ʻeleʻele. Ma ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, loaʻa nā mea liʻiliʻi, a nui nā ʻano nui e noho ma Rūsia.
4. ʻO ka wolf polar ka māka nani loa o nā ʻano. Loaʻa kahi hulu o ka hulu o ka hulu, e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka holoholona ma nā wahi Arctic. Ulu ke kuono i 1,5 m a kaupaona paha ma kahi o 85 kg.
5. ʻO nā ʻeleʻī tundra i kahi subspecies e pili ana i ka ʻike wale nō. Ua like ʻo ia me kona kuʻi polar, akā haʻahaʻa loa iā lākou i ka nui. ʻAʻole ka lōʻihi o ke kaupaona o ka mea kau i 50 kg. Hoʻonanui ka hulu o ka hulu a me kona mau pale, akā ke ʻike ʻia nā mea keʻokeʻo. Noho ʻo nā pōkaka i nā tundra Siberian a me nā ulu lāʻau o ka Europa.
6. ʻO ka Ordinary a i ʻole Grey Wolf kahi mākaʻikaʻi nui loa o ka ʻano. Aia kona kino i ka 1.5 m ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ka laulā o kona poʻohiwi hiki i 86 cm. Na ke kaupaona ke kaupaona ʻia ʻo 32-60 kg, a i nā luna ʻākau ke hiki i 80 kg. Kūpaʻa ka ʻāpana o ke kapa i ka noho. Uhi ʻulaʻula ka noho ʻana o ka ulaula, nā keʻokeʻo o nā tundra, a ʻulaʻula nā ʻulaʻula wao. Aia nā mea wānana ma ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.

Hoʻokahi like nā ʻīlio āpau i kahi mea maʻamau - pili lākou i nā mea hoʻopuka e pōʻino ana i nā kanaka. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pilikia iki kēia mau mammals a, inā hiki, e hoʻāʻo e pale i ka poʻe.

Hoʻaiho

Noho ka holoholona ma ke keka o ka nui o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa: ʻo Italia, Sepania, Russia (koe wale nō ʻo Sakhalin a me nā Kuril Islands), ʻo Ukraine, Belarus, Polani, Scandinavia, a me nā ʻāina Baltic. Ma Asia, kahi e noho ai ka ʻāina: Korea, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Georgia, a me kahi hapa ʻo Kina. Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, hiki ke loaʻa nā poʻe predator mai Alaska a Mexico. Ma Iapana, ua pau nā subspecies. Hoʻopili koke ʻo ka ʻīlio i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, no laila e hiki ke maʻalahi ma ka ulu ʻana o kekahi ʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e pale i nā ululāʻau mānoʻo a ke makemake i ka nahele-steppes, tundra, a me nā wāwae. Ma kahi o ka perimeter o ke kahua āu e makemake ai, hoʻopili ka ʻohana i nā hōʻailona ala ʻala. I ke kauwela, māhele ʻia ke ʻano i noho ʻia i kekahi mau ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea i hele i ka pālua.

Hānau a hānai i nā cubs

Noho nā Predator i nā pā i kahi kokoke a kokoke i kēlā me kēia kanaka, nā pilina ʻohana. Ma ke poʻo o ka ʻohana ka alakaʻi a me kāna wahine, a laila aia kekahi kanaka makua, nā liona lone a me nā ʻīlio liʻiliʻi e noho ana i lalo o ka hierarchy. Loaʻa nā kamaliʻi male i nā makahiki he 3, a ʻo nā wahine i 2 mau makahiki. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka nā holoholona e huli i kahi hoa, akā maʻamau ka mea pinepine i ka pōʻai o kā lākou pākeke, akā ma waho. Ma ko lākou ʻano, he monogamous nā mea wānana. Hoʻomau mau ka kāne i kekahi i kekahi a hiki i ka make ʻana o kekahi o nā hoa. Mai Ianuali a ʻApelila, loaʻa ka ʻīlio hae. I kēia manawa, puni nā wahine manuahi i hiki i ka wā ʻōpiopio, e hakakā ana ka hakakā ma waena o nā kāne no kā lākou nānā. ʻO ka hopena, ua lilo i wolf lanakila a me kāna mea i koho ai i lilo nā manamana. Hoʻomaka koke nā hoa ʻoihana e ʻimi i kahi e kūpono i ke kuhi ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana i nā ʻōpio wolf. Pono kēia ka lua i hūnā ʻia mai ka huki ʻana i nā maka (nā lāʻau, nā ana liʻiliʻi i nā pali a i ʻole nā ​​lua o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe), kahi e kū pono ai ka ʻike maikaʻi o ka wahi.

Ma mua o ka hoʻouka ʻana ma ka estrus wahine, hana nā holoholona e like me ka mea aloha maoli. Nānā mau lākou, flirt a mālama pono i ko lākou hoa i nā ʻano āpau. I ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka wolf i ke kaʻo ʻana o ka estrous (mau a hala ʻelua mau manawa hoʻokahi i ka makahiki), hele nā ​​kāne i loko o kā lākou lua no ka moe ʻana, kahi e hoʻomaka ana ka ovulation. Noho ka wahine i ka 9 mau hemo (ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o 65 mau lā) a hoʻopau i ka hānau ʻana o 3 a 13 mau cub. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē a ʻelua mau wiki o ko lākou ola e ʻike maopopo. I ka mua, ʻai nā keiki i ka waiū, a laila hānai ka makuahine iā lākou me ka ʻānai mai ka ʻiʻo i ʻai ʻia. ʻO nā mākua a me ke koena o ka pākeke e lawe mai i ka mea i make i nā keiki i ulu ʻia. E hoʻopaʻa ʻo kēlā me kēia wili i piha ka hua. I 2 mau mahina, e haʻalele iki nā cubs i ko lākou mau home a aʻo i nā kumu mua o ka hiʻona. A ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻāʻī, hiki iā lākou ke komo i ka hahai ʻana i nā holoholona me nā lālā makua o ka pā.

Ua hāpai ke kūlohelohe e hele mai nā keiki o nā ʻīlio ma ka honua i ka pūnāwai, ke ʻano ʻoluʻolu loa a hiki ke kiʻi ka ʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ua haʻahaʻa loa ka helu ola - 20-40%. ʻO ke koena e ola no ka 15 makahiki, a hoʻomaka e hoʻomaka i ka makahiki he 12 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā ʻike kiʻi

1. Hana ka holoholona i kekahi o nā mea nui i ka moʻolelo moʻomeheu Lūkia. A i waena o nā poʻe o ka ʻākau, ʻaʻole ʻo ka ʻōpio ka mea hope loa i ka ʻolelo.
2. I nā Middle Medes, manaʻoʻiʻo nā kānaka he mea hoʻohiki kekahi mea e mālama i ka diabolo. Ua haku ʻia nā moʻomeheu o ka holoholona, ​​kahi i loaʻa ai ka werewolf i ka wīwī.
3. Ma nāʻaoʻao kahiko kahiko o nā ʻohana o ʻEulopa e hiki ke loaʻa i ke kiʻi o kahi ʻōpio, nāna i lilo i hōʻailona no ka lanakila o ka ʻenemi. A hōʻike maila kekahi poʻe i ka ʻaʻī o ko lākou lima i kā lākou lāhui ke ʻōpio i ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka werewolf.
4. Ma mua o ke kaua koʻikoʻi, ua kau nā Vikings i nā ʻili o nā ʻīlio a inu i ko lākou koko.
5. Ma Roma kahiko, ua hōʻike ka wahine wahine i ka nani a me ka wahine. No laila ua kapa ʻia nā wahine hoʻokamakama "he ʻulepule wahine".
6. Noi e like me nā ʻīlio hou. Ma o nā hoʻokolohua kūleʻa hiki, hiki iā ia ke lawe mai i ka ʻīlio hihiu Sar Sarona a me ka ʻīlio Czechoslovak.
7. Ma mua, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Ireland i ka ʻāina ʻo Wolf, ʻoiai ua kiʻekiʻe loa ka nui o nā hipa e noho ana ma kāna wahi.

Hoʻohana pinepine ia ka holoholona i ka hana o ke koa maikaʻi e kōkua i nā ʻeleʻele. Akā i ka moʻolelo a me nā moʻolelo o nā poʻe ʻĀkau, ka ʻīlio, i hāʻawi ʻia me ka wiwo ʻole a me ka ikaika, e hōʻike ʻia ana ʻo ia ka mea pale i ka pepeiao, a e hōʻike ana i ka hilinaʻi a me ka hilinaʻi i ka hale, ka ʻohana.

Wailua

ʻO ka makua nui loa ʻo ia o ka wolf i manaʻo ʻia Canis lepophagus, kahi mākaʻikaʻi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana canine me kahi ʻōpiki liʻiliʻi, kahi i noho ai ma Miocene North America a, ʻo ia nō paha ke kupuna o ka huʻakai. Ma hope o ka hoʻopauʻana kelepona, he ʻano nui o ke canine, C. lepophagus māhuahua ka nui o ke kino a me nā ʻāpana ʻōpala. Aia nā ʻōpū o kēia ʻano mea i loaʻa ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o Texas i ka mea o nā kūpuna o nā ʻīlio āpau o kēia wā. Hoʻomaka ka haunaele maoli ma ka wī mua o Pleistocene, ma kahi o 1,800,000 mau makahiki i hala. I waena o lākou Nā Canis priscolatrans, nā pua liʻiliʻi e like me ka wolf ʻenehana o kēia wā, hoʻokūkū iā Eurasia ma o Beringia. Ka Waeuhua Hema Nui C. priscolatrans ua ulu liʻiliʻi C. mosbachensislike me nā ʻīlio weliweli. He mea maʻamau ia ma Europa mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Quaternary glaciation a ma kahi o 500,000 mau makahiki aku nei a hala hope aʻe i loko Canis lupus.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina o ka DNA mitochondrial aia ma kahi o ka 4 mau laina kuʻikuʻi o ka wolf, ʻo ka mua loa o ia ka laina o ka ʻAmelika, i kū ʻia ma waena o ka Late Pleistocene. ʻO nā laina i koe ke pili i ka ʻākoakoa o India. ʻO kēia mau mea, ʻo ka laina o ka wili Himalaya i hele mai, ma kahi o 800,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka manawa o nā loli nui a me nā hoʻololi ʻana a me nā hiʻona o ka Himalayan, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka pā kahiko. ʻĀwī ʻōpio (Canis lupus palau) kaawale mai ka Himalayan he 400,000 mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka laina hou e pili ana i ka wili Tibetan (Canis lupus chanco), nā kamaʻāina kamaʻāina o Kashmir, i loaʻa 150,000 mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ia ka laina, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka waiwai Holarctic, i pālahalaha iā ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā helu hoʻohālikelike o ka DNA ma waena o kahi ʻīlio pōlio, kahi ʻEulopa a me ka wili o ʻAmelika Huipū.

ʻO kēia wili Japanese hope loa he mamo no ka wili Siberian nui, i kolani ʻo Penina Korea ma Pleistocene a me Iapana, a ʻo ia hoʻi kahi o ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina Asia. I ka wā Holocene, hoʻokaʻawale ka Sangar Strait iā Honshu mai Hokkaido, ke kumu o ka loli ʻana o ke ʻano i ka hopena o ka nui o ka poʻe nui o ka ʻāina nā loko o ka mokupuni. Hokkaido Wolf (Canis lupus hattai) ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻāpana o kona ʻohana hema - ʻo ka wolf Japanese Chondos (Canis lupus hodophilax), ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waiwai nui a hoʻomau ka hoʻoliʻi genetic me ka wolf Siberian.

I ka male hope ma Holocene Canis lupus Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻOi aku ka wolf nui a weliweli aia i noho i laila.Canis dirus) make ka 8,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei ma muli o ka nalo ʻana o ka mea nui. ʻO ka hoʻokūkū me nā wīne hina "hina" no ka mea liʻiliʻi a me ka brisk wikiwiki i wikiwiki i kēia kaʻina hana. Ma hope o ka nalowale ana o ka wolf "weliweli", hoʻonui ʻia ka "hina" i ka nui a pālahalaha aku ma nā wahi āpau.

He leo leo

ʻO ka ʻano a me ka nui o ka ʻano leo o nā ʻīlio hihiu ka nui o nā mana o ka nui o nā holoholona (koe wale nō nā kānaka a me nā ʻopa. Hōʻalo nā leo a me ke kani ʻana, ke kani ʻana, ke kime, ka puʻe ʻana, ka ʻaʻe ʻana, ka uʻi ʻana, ke hele ʻana, Nui nā ʻano like o kēlā me kēia kani.

Maopopo ka hopena o nā ʻīlio i kēia mau kani. Me ke kōkua o ka leo, hiki iā nā ʻīlio ke hoʻouna i nā leka paʻakikī loa - e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi holoholona i kekahi wahi. No laila, ua ʻike ʻo ka mea noiʻi Farley Mowet ma ke kaona tundra o Kanada, pehea, me ke kaulahao o nā ʻīlio hihiu, ua lawe lākou i nā ʻike lōʻihi loa a ka ʻeka e manaʻo ai ua neʻe i ka hema a ma laila. I kēia hihia, hoʻolohe mua ʻo ka ʻīlio i nā ʻōlelo e hele mai nei mai kahi wili ʻē aʻe, he ʻewalu mau mile. A laila hoʻihoʻi ka mea hoʻouna i kona poʻo i a me ka uē ʻana i ke ahea e hoʻāla ana: i ka manawa i haʻahaʻa ʻia, akā ua pau ma ka papa kiʻekiʻe loa ʻike ʻia e ka pepeiao o ke kanaka. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻōlelo a ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻelele ua hōʻoia kēia hihia. Hiki i nā wolves ke hoʻomaopopo i kēlā me kēia e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kanaka.

ʻO ka hōʻailona hoʻouka a ka wolf he kāhea kaua mai ka luna alakaʻi. Ua like kēia kani e like me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻīlio huhū e holo wikiwiki nei ma ke kanaka.

E ʻaole nā ​​ʻūlo i ke kakahiaka a i ka wā paha, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻomaka ka pūpili me kahi nūne o ke alakaʻi, kahiʻokoʻa loa mai ke kūwili ʻana o nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka puʻina. Ua komo iki lākou i kekahi manawa aku. ʻO ke auwili choral ma mua me ka ʻili ʻoi.

ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka leo huaʻōlelo o kahi pū he hōʻailona o ke ola kaiāulu. ʻO ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā ʻīlio iā ia ke kumu pilikino a hoʻonui i ka manaʻo o ka pili ʻana i ka pā. ʻO ia hoʻi kahi mea e launa pū ai me nā pākuʻi ʻē aʻe a me nā hoahānau ʻē aʻe.

Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke hoʻomaopopo i nā leo leo e hoʻokūkū ʻia ma waena o nā ʻīlio, e like me ka Eskimo Utek, i hālāwai ai ma ke kanikona ʻo Canada e F. Mowet.

Hoʻoponopono

I ke aʻo ʻana o nā mea ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona pilikino i nā ʻīlio e hiki ai iā lākou ke huakaʻi i kahi lōʻihi no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Hoʻolomo ʻia kēia i ka umauma kūmole ʻāʻī, kahi i hala a i nā wāwae ikaika. Ua maʻalahi lākou i ka hele ʻana i ka lōʻihi o nā hola i ka wikiwiki o 10 km / h, a i ka wā e alualu nei lākou hiki ke hele i ka wikiwiki o 65 km / h, ʻoiai e hana ana i nā lele ka 5 m. nā'āina, e komo me ka hoʻoilo hohonu. Ma waena o nā manamana wāwae he mau puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, ma muli o ia mea ua hoʻemi ʻia ka ukana kikoʻī ma luna o ka ihu, a hiki i nā mea kaukela ke neʻe wikiwiki i ka hau ma mua o kā lākou mau mea hōʻeha. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano hana o nā wāwae he mau ʻīlio, ke neʻe nei, ʻaʻole e hoʻomaha i ka wāwae holoʻokoʻa, akā aia wale nō ma nā manamana lima, ʻo ia ka "like me ka manamana lima" - kēia ʻano hana o ka neʻe ʻana e kōkua iā lākou e kaupaona i ko lākou paona. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā forepaws ma mua o nā wāwae hind a loaʻa aku kahi lima (lima) vestigial toe mai loko o ka metatarsus. ʻO nā lauoho kila a me nā huluhulu palaka e kōkua i ke kaulike ma luna o ka palupalu, a me nā kīʻaha koko kūikawā e pale i nā wāwae mai ka hypothermia. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia nā hiona ʻona i luna o ka wāwae ma waena o nā manamana lima i nā hōʻailona hōʻailona no ka holoholona, ​​ma ka lima hoʻokahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ʻimi ma ka ʻāina, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻoliona e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ke alakaʻi. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona e kōkua i nā holoholona i ola i nā winters paʻakikī ka haʻahaʻa o ka thermal conductivity o ka pulu (1.2-1.5 mau manawa i lalo o ka thermal conductivity o ka muskrat a me nā ʻikepā na beaver).

ʻOno o ke ʻano o ka ʻala

Kūpono ka manaʻo o kaʻono o ka ʻoloke. Hiki iā ia ke ʻike i ka mea pio ma kahi mamao o 3 mau kilomita. ʻO ka ihu ka ʻīlio he 14 mau manawa ma mua o ke kanaka, a ʻo ka hona o nā ʻīlio hae he 100 mau manawa ma mua o nā kānaka. Ua hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​wolves i kahi 200 miliona mau ʻoni o nā ʻoni, nā kānaka he 5 miliona wale nō ma o nā mea honi, loaʻa i ka ʻikepili ka hapa nui o ka ʻike. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka loaʻa a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i kēlā ʻike, me nā ʻano kūpono e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻono o nā hoa pili a waiho ʻana i nā hōʻailona momona, e hana nui i ka hana nui o ke ola o ka holoholona. Hiki ke hoʻōla i nā puna o nā mea ala ʻoni, kuʻi, a hiki pū kekahi. Hiki i nā Feces ke lawe wale i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole, akā pili paha i ka mahina holoholona. Hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mea ʻala ma ka wili i ka wā huki a me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻaina hou. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona i kēia mau hihia, he mau inoa inoa ʻelua, i ka wa e palaki aku ai ke kāne ma luna o ka māka wahine a ka wahine. I kēia hihia, hiki i ka hōʻailona hōʻino ke kōkua i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hana pilikino a me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i kahi pālua. [ ʻaʻole kumu i koho ʻia i ka lā 2196 ]

Ua hōʻoia hou nā noiʻi hou i ka mea nui nui no ka wolf o kāna ulu maikaʻi o ka honi. I nā kanalima kanalima o ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi pūʻulu o nā ʻīlio no ka moose i nā makahiki he kanalimakūmākahi (82.35%), ʻike nā mea kō i nā moose me kahi manaʻo o ka hoʻolohe a me ka liʻiliʻi pinepine. [ ʻaʻole kumu i koho ʻia i ka lā 2196 ]

Mālama

I ka wā o nā mōʻaukala, ma waena o nā mamalestestalal, ua noho ka nui o ka wolf i ʻāpana ka nui o ka nui ma hope o ka nui o ke kanaka, e uhi ana i ka hapa nui o ka Hemolele ʻākau, a ua emi loa i kēia manawa.

I ʻEulopa, ua ola ka wolf ma Sepania, nā wahi Baltic, Russia, Belarus, Portugal, Italia, Polenekia, Scandinavia, ka Balkans, a me Ukraine. Ma Asia, noho ʻo ia ma Korea, ʻo kekahi ʻāpana ʻo Kina a me nā Peniketa Hindustan, Keokia, ʻAulia, ʻAzilakeka, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, ke kūkulu ʻĀkau o Arabia, ma nā subspecies o Iapana Canis lupus hodophilax lāua ʻo Canis lupus hattai. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, aia nō mai Alaska a hiki i Mekiko (i Nowemapa 2020, ma kahi referendum i Colorado, e koho nā kamaʻāina kūloko i ke koho kūʻokoʻa ʻoi aku i ka poʻe i hoʻopau ʻia, ka mea e hiki ai ke hoʻihoʻi aku i nā ʻolio i ka ʻĀʻenue o ke kaona. Ma Lūkia, aia wale nō ma kekahi mau mokupuni (Sakhalin, Kuril Islands).

Lāiau a me kaʻai kino

He ʻōpiopio maʻamau ka ʻīlio e hānai ma ka huli ʻana a me ka hoʻopono ʻana i nā mea pepehi.

ʻO ke kumu o ka ʻai ʻana a ka ʻīlio e hana ʻia e ka ʻālamalama: reindeer in the tundra, moose, deer, roe deer, wild boars in the forest zone, and antelopes in the steppes and desurun. Haka ka poʻe wolo i nā holoholona home (hipa, bipi, lio) a me nā ʻīlio. ʻOi aku ka poʻe ʻīlio lōkahi ke pio a me ka mea i liʻiliʻi i nā kao: hares, groundir, alima like-mouse. I ke kauwela, ʻaʻole i nele nā ​​ʻīlio i ka manawa e ʻai i kahi papa o nā hua manu, nā moa ʻona e noho ana i nā nests a ʻai wale paha i ka māla ʻāina, ka wai wai me nā manu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻike pū kekahi i nā ʻano ʻōlima. ʻO nā ʻalā, nā ʻīlio hihiu, corsacs i lilo i manawa no ka ʻīlio hihiu, a i kekahi manawa aia nā wīwī e haki ana i ka moe e moe ana i ka lua. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi hihia i ka wā i hoʻouka ai kekahi ʻikepili o ka ʻīlio a ʻai i kahi keiki ʻōpio. Nui nā hihia i ka wā a ʻūhū lākou a ʻai i nā holoholona nāwaliwali, nā hōʻeha ʻia e nā mea hopuhele a i hōʻeha maoli ʻia i ka hakakā ma ka manawa hānai. ʻAʻole like me nā mea wīwī he nui, hoʻi mau ka ʻōpio i nā koena i ʻai ʻia i ka ʻai o kā lākou pio, ʻoiai hoʻi i ka wā pōloli. Omnivores. Mai haʻalele i nā kino o nā holoholona, ​​akā ma nā kai o ke kai - ke kupapaʻu o nā kai a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i kiʻowai i ka ʻāina. I ka wā o ka hānai ʻana, ʻai nā ʻīlio i nā reptile, palaka, a me nā holoholona nui (nā ʻiʻo, nā ʻūhini). ʻO nā ʻolua, ma ka ʻāina hema hoʻi, e ʻai nō i nā meaʻai o nā mea kanu - nā hua like ʻole, nāhelehele a me nā hua māla, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hāpū. I loko o ka ʻōpū, ke huʻi pinepine nei lākou i nā melons a me nā wai me nā melons a me nā melons, e ʻoluʻolu ana ʻaʻole e nui ka pōloli e like me ka makewai, no ka mea, pono ka wai puna.

Hoʻohana nui i ka pō. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine nā ʻōlani i ko lākou helehelena me ka puʻu nui, ʻokoʻa loa i nā kāne i ulana, nā ʻōpio a me nā holoholona ʻōpio. Ma ke ʻano o ka wili e kamaʻilio lōʻihi ai ka ʻīlio me ka lekiō, ka hoʻolaha ʻana, ka ʻike like, ka wahi pākahi, kēlā me kēia ʻōlelo, nā ʻōlelo kīwī, nā hana hoʻāhewa o ka wahine ʻē aʻe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. i ʻole e hoʻoweliweli aku ai i ka mea pio. Ma nā manaʻo waho o waho, ʻo ka ʻīlio ke lohe maikaʻi loa, a me ka liʻiliʻi - ke ʻano nui o ka ʻono, ʻike nāwaliwali loa. Hoʻohui ʻia ka hana ʻoi aku ka hana haʻalulu maikaʻi a ʻo nā wili me ka ikaika, dexterity, wikiwiki a me nā ʻalani kino hou e hoʻonui ana i ka manawa o kēia neʻe i ka hakakā no ke ola. Inā pono, e wikiwiki ka ʻelele a i ka 55-60 km / h a hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hāmeʻe a hiki i 60-80 km i ka pō. A wikiwiki hou i ka papa i kekahi mau kekona, e lanakila ana he 4 mau mika, ma hope o ka wikiwiki ana ia i ka holo piha.

Ke hoʻomaka nei i ka pipi, pepehi pinepine nā ʻīlio i nā holoholona he nui. Ke waiho nei nā wulves i ka ʻiʻinaka make ʻole i mālama ʻia.

I ka noʻonoʻo, ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka ʻīlio. Hōʻike ʻia kēia ma ka hiki ke hoʻokele i ka pōpilikia a haʻalele i ka pilikia, a me nā ala hānai. Kūkulu nui ʻia ʻo ka hana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana hui kolamu. Aia kekahi mau wā i kahele ʻia ʻana o kahi ʻeke o ka ʻīlio, a noho ma kahi he ʻāpana, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi e piʻi aʻe i ka mea i hopu ʻia. I loko o kahi ʻohana e alualu ana i kahi elk a iʻa paha, holo pinepine kekahi mau ʻīlio ma nā kuʻekuʻe o ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi e hele i ka laina a i ʻole hilahila mālie paha, a hoʻomaha ana, e hoʻololi i nā mea mua a pōloli lākou i ka mea make.

Hoʻopilikia i nā kānaka

ʻO nā manaʻo pili e pili ana i ka weliweli o ka wolf i ke kanaka. Ua haʻi ʻo Soviet me Rusia zoologist M.P. Pavlov i nā loina he nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā ʻīlio i nā kānaka. Ma kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kēia mau hihia, hele kūʻē nā holoholona rabid, akā nui nā hihia o ka hoʻouka ʻana a me nā ʻīlio ola kino. Hāpai ʻo Pavlov i ka mea i ka ʻāina o ka USSR ma mua, ʻo ka hapanui o kēia mau hihia e pili ana i kekahi mau wahi kūikawā a hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻulepule hele kolohe i ka poʻe nui ma nā wahi i kumu ʻole i ka ʻai maoli. Ma nā wahi like, e kīloi ana nā ʻīlio i ka hānai ʻana i ke ʻano o ke kanaka a ʻaʻole hoʻi i makaʻu iki iā ia. Ma ka puke "Birds on Wires" ʻo V. M. Peskov e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā ʻīlio ma luna o nā kānaka, a ma ke kauwela, i ke kauwela, i ka wā e hoʻoulu ai, i ka wā e pono ai nā ʻīlio i ka ʻai no nā keiki (ʻoiai naʻe, ʻike ʻia kēia mea ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻīlio. ʻO ka pāo kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻīlio pōpilikia kekahi no ka mea hoʻokumu i nā kūlana no ka epizootics rabies. I ka manawa like, ua manaʻo kekahi mau noiʻi Kanaka a me ʻAmelika, e palekana pono ana nā kānaka ʻōpio ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i nā kānaka. ʻO ka mea kākau moʻolelo Kanada ʻo Farley Mowet, i loko o ka puke Do Not Shout: "Wolves!", ʻAmelika ʻaʻole e hoʻouka ka ʻolio i kahi kanaka noiʻi inā i komo lākou i ka lua. Eia naʻe, aia kekahi mau lula o nā hihia hoʻoneʻe i ka poʻe i kū i nā ʻolua ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.

ʻO nā helu o ka wolf ka huakaʻi ʻana i ka poʻe ma Rūsia

• 1844 - ke kauhale o Kuchinovka, moku ʻo Grodnitsky, ke kōmike Chernihiv - ʻeono mau keiki i loaʻa i ka ʻulepule.
• 1844-1847, a ma 1850, ua loaʻa ʻo Rogachev i ka moku ʻo Mogilev i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā ʻīlio ma nā keiki. Ua pau he 9 mau keiki i make. Ma ka moku ʻo Kamenets no Podolsk, ua mālama ʻia nā kolohe wolf i nā keiki no ʻekolu mau makahiki: i ka makahiki 1844 - hoʻokahi hihia, i ka makahiki 1849 - ʻehiku a i ka 1850 - hoʻokahi.
• 1846 - ʻO ka moku ʻo Bykovsky o ka moku ʻo Mogilev - no 65 mau lā, mai Iune 18 a ʻAukake 23, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka weliweli wolf i nā keiki.
• 1846 - ʻO Derpt county, Livonia kenekulia - nā ʻīlio no 16 mau mahina, mai Iulai 11 a hiki i Kepakemapa 8, ua hana 16 i nā kaua 16 i ka poʻe.
• 1847 a me 1848 - ʻO ka moku o Ostrovsky Pskov āpū - ua mālama ʻia he ʻehā kaua o nā ʻīlio ma nā keiki.
• 1850 - Przemyslsky uyezd, Kalag lalawigan - i Mei, ʻehā mau kaua i hoʻouka ʻia ma nā keiki. Ma ka moku ʻo Slonim o ka mokuʻo Grodno no ka hapalua mua o ʻAukake 1850 a me ka hapalua ʻelua o ka makahiki 1851, ua hoʻouka ʻia nā keiki he 12.
• 1861 - ʻO Yamburg County, Hoʻomāhi ʻo St. Petersburg - i 21 mau lā, mai Iune 25 a Iulai 16, ua hoʻouka ʻia nā kaua ʻelima i nā keiki a me kekahi ma ʻOkakopa o kēlā makahiki.
• Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ma Rūsia mai 1849 a 1851, make nā 260 kanaka makua a me 110 nā keiki mai nā ʻolio.
• 1920 - ka moku ʻo Voronezh i loko o ka ulu lāʻau Ramon - e hoʻouka i ka wahine.
• 1935 - ʻO Kuibyshev wahi, nā kauā Kochetovka a me Kanemenki - e hoʻouka ana i ʻelua keiki.
• 1935 - ʻO Minsk wahi, moku ʻo Borisov, kokoke i nā kauhale o Kozly lāua ʻo Zachastce - kūʻē i ʻelua keiki.
• 1936 - kahi o Minsk, moku ʻo Luban - e hoʻouka ana i kahi keiki.
• 1937 - Ua loaʻa iā Luban wahi o Minsk kahi wīlio o nā keiki he 16 a keu aku.
• 1940 - ʻO ka moku Domanovic o Minsk - kaua i ka 8 mau keiki a me nā wahine.
• 1944 - ke kipa Kir Kir, ke kō Chernivsk - kolamu pānaʻi "New Village" o ka Alexander Village Council - ua ʻai ʻia nā kaikamahine ʻehiku mau makahiki. I loko o ka hālāwai kaiāulu nui ʻo Big Berezovsky, ka wili o nā hapa he 9 i hōʻilii i kahi kaikamahine 14 mau makahiki i hana ma ka palapala. Ma luna o kahi māla kolamu i kapa ʻia ma muli o Voroshilov o ke kūlanakauhale nui o Burakovsky, hopu ka wolf i kahi keiki kāne a me ka hapalua makahiki kokoke i ke kauhale, akā ua kāpae ʻia ke keiki e nā pākeke a ola. I ka māla kolamu o ka "Giant" ʻo ka Hale Kānāwai o Mendeleev, ua hoʻouka ʻelua mau kime i kahi kaikamahine 12 mau makahiki kahi e haehae ai nā kapa āpau. Ua ola ke kaikamahine. I loko o ka hālāwai nui o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Big Ramensky ma ka ululāʻau, ʻelua mau ʻulepule i haehae i kahi kaikamahine 16 makahiki.
• 1945 - Ke ʻulike ʻo Georgia (ʻAkhalkan a me Bogranovsky mau moku) - hoʻopilikia i kekahi mau keiki.
• 1945 - ke kauhale o Dagestanskaya ma ka ʻāina ʻo Tula - kahi hoʻouka kaua ma kekahi mau keiki. ʻO Kirov wahi, Nemsky a me Kirchansky mau apana - 3 mau hihia o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā keiki.
• 1946 - ke kipa ʻo Voronezh, ka ʻāina Polenovsky - i ka hōʻeuʻeu ʻana i kahi keiki, ua huki ʻia nā keiki ʻelua mai ka hale kula e kokoke ana i ka māka Bologoe o ka mokuahi Oktyabrskaya.
• 1946 - ka moku Lyudinovsky, kahi Kaluga ʻo Kaluga - e hoʻouka i ka 10 mau keiki.
• 1947 - ʻāpana kā Kirov - kaua i ka 27 mau keiki.
• 1943-1947 - Kaluga Kalana - e like me nā ʻōlelo a ka luna alakaʻi o ka Society of Hunters S. M.ʻO Semiletkin, mai 1943 a 1947, he 60 mau kānaka i hōʻeha ʻia mai ka wolf, ʻo 46 keiki.
• 1950 - ua kāhea ʻo Kirov, ka mokuʻo Lebyazhsky - ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā ʻīlio ma nā keiki 4.
• 1951 - ʻOricric Ovhevsky, ke kauhale kaiāulu ʻo Maradykovsky - he 10 mau makahiki o ka wīwīwīwīwili e make ia e ka wīwī.
• 1952 - ʻāpana Kirov - 6 mau hihia o ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā keiki.
• 1953 - ʻāpana o Orichevsky - 1 kahi hihia i kahi keiki. Kaona Velsky - kahi hihia o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i kahi keiki.
• ʻO 1972-1978 - Wahi Aktobe - zoologists V. Garbuzov a me Yu Yanshin ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia mai 1972 a 1978, he 50 mau hihia o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā kānaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka ʻāina.
• 1974 - ke kipa ʻo Kharkov, ʻO Dynamo i ka pā holoholona hānai, ke kauhale o Staritsa - he wolf i holo i waho o kahi ulu ahi i hānai i 5 mau poʻe.
• 1975 - Kahiʻo Konstantinovsky, wahi ʻo Rivne - 2 mau hihia o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā kānaka.
• ʻO 1976 - ka ulu lāʻau Rudnyansky, kahi o Rivne - 1 hihia. Kōkana Polyanka, moku Baranovsky, wahi a Zhytomyr - 1 hihia. Apana Lyubomlsky, wahi a Volyn - 16 pōpoki poʻe i ka poʻe i 2 mau lā.
• 1978 - ʻO Gorky Wāhi - ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻouka kaua 24 mau i nā kānaka. ʻO Sumy wahi - 1 hihia o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka pākeke. Ma nā mokuʻo Senno, Liozno a me Orsha, ua ʻoki ʻo ka wolf i 24 mau kānaka me nā hōʻailona o ka rabies.
• 1980 - Solyony Farm, Voronezh Region - ma kahi o 10 mau kanaka e hohia ana e kahi wolf rabid. Piskuny kauhale, Kozlovischensky kauhale kaukana, Apana Postavy - 1 hihia o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana ma kahi wahine ʻelemakule wahine ʻelua.
• 1984 - ke kauhale o Dyatlovo, moku Kuvshinovsky, Kalinin wahi - 1 hihia o ka wolf e lele kūʻē ana i kahi pākeke. Tellerman Forestry, Voronezh Region - 1 hihia o ka wolf e kūʻē ana i kahi pākeke.
• 1988 - ke kauhale o Zeleny Rog, wahi ʻo Bryansk - 1 kahi hihia o ka wolf e kūʻē ana i kahi pākeke.
• 2019 - ʻo ka Repubalika o Komi, ka moku ʻo Udora, ke kauhale o Yodva - kahi wolf i ke alanui e poha i kahi kaikamahine 14 makahiki.

Kākau ʻo M.P. Pavlov e pili ana i nā hihia he 103 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hana liona ma luna o nā kānaka, ka poʻe nui, nā keiki, ʻo ka wā nui o ka kaua Patriotic a ma hope o ia.

Koi a ʻĀpana Kai a Reproduction

ʻO ka ʻōpala he monogamous, ʻo ia hoʻi, hāʻule ka wahine i hoʻokahi kāne. Eia kekahi, he ʻano maʻamau o ka wīlio: noho lākou i nā pūʻulu o 3 a 40 mau kanaka - hui ʻohana e noho ana i nā pūʻulu alakaʻi - alpha male a alpha wahine, ko lakou mau hanauna, a me na heihei lone haole. Kūkulu nā kāne i kahi manawa lōʻihi - a make ʻole kekahi o nā hoapili. I loko o ka pōpeka, ʻike ʻia kahi hierarchy i wehewehe ʻia, ma ka piko o ia mea he aliʻi nui, a laila ʻo nā lālā o ka ʻohana pākeke, nā ʻīlio lone a me ka hope o ka papaʻi hope. Ma ke ʻano he lula, hana ka ʻānela i nā mea wīwī no ke kahaki a me ke āpau no ka hoʻonui ʻana ma waho o kā lākou pā. ʻO ka lūlū ʻana o nā holoholona i hele i ka wā ʻōpiopio e kū like ana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ʻo nā pēpē o nā lapalapa no ia, ʻaʻole pili aku. ʻO Puberty i loko o ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke ola o ke ola.

Hōʻalua makahiki

Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e moe ai, ka mea e pili ana i ka latitude, i ka lā Ianuali - ʻApelila, piʻi nui ka ʻāʻī i loko o ka ʻohana: ʻo ke kāne a ka wahine o ka wahine hoʻokūkū nui e kiaʻi nui ana i kā lākou hoa kāne mai nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, a hui pū kekahi poʻe kāne i kahi ʻōpio a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio. nā hakakā, kekahi manawa momona. Ke hoʻomaka koke nei kahi male hou, e hoʻomaka pū ke kāne a me ka wahine e ʻimi i kahi no ka hāpai ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana mai. I kēia manawa, ma mua o estrus, mālama pono ka kāne a me ka wahine kekahi i kēlā me kēia mea i ke ala āpau, e mālama iā lākou iho ma ka ʻaoʻao a me ka pāʻani me kekahi me kekahi. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, hōʻike ka hipa i hoʻokahi hua wale i kēlā me kēia kau, me nā māhoe o nā alakaʻi e hana nei he mau mākua o nā haumāna. Ke loaʻa nei kahi wahine alpha i kahi mokuʻo estrus (e kū hoʻokahi ana i hoʻokahi makahiki a mau ka 5-14 mau lā), ua haʻalele ʻo ia a me kāna hoa i ka ʻohana, hoʻomaha a me kāna kāne. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka wahine ke wela, e aʻo ke kāne mai ka ʻala o nā pheromones i huna ʻia i ka urine o ka wahine. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka estrus, ua pale ʻia ka wahine i ka moe ʻana i kekahi mau lā, a me ka hoʻomaka wale ʻana o ka ovulation e hele mai ana ka hana momi.

ʻĀina waiwai

Hoʻopilikia kahi ʻikepili i ka male holoholona a me ka huki holoholona (no ka laʻana, ma Yakutia, luku ʻia nā ʻūlio ma mua o 200 mau lio a ma kahi o 800 mau kālani home ma 2012), akā, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he mea nui i ka ʻākoʻowauwā, ka pale ʻana i ka nui o nā holoholona a luku i nā poʻe nāwaliwali a maʻi ʻole. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua ʻae ʻia ʻo ia e mālama i ka wolf i Rusia a puni ka makahiki. I kēia manawa, helu huluhulu wolf i helu ʻia, me nā wā hopu like, mai ʻOkakopa 1 a hiki i Pepeluali 28. I kekahi mau manawa, pāpā ʻia ka hopu kino wolf.

I ka manawa like, i ka makahiki 1995, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻumikūmākahi i loko o ka nahele ma Yellowstone National Park i ʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa i kahi e pani ai i ka hoʻomakeke ʻole ʻana mai o ka puʻu wapiti, ka mea i lawe mua ʻia ka pōʻino o ka pōpala kūloko, ka ʻai ʻana i nā kumulāʻau a me nā lāʻau lāʻau. I ka makahiki 1926, i mea e mālama ai i kēia mau lei nani, ua luku loa ʻia ka heluna nui o ka wolf. Ua hana ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka loli o ke kao i loko o ka kaona piha o ka mākeke. Me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka helu o ka deer, hoʻomaka ka mea kanu i ka ola, a ma mua o ʻeono mau makahiki ka nui o ka nui o nā lāʻau ma ka wahi o nā canyons a me nā pulu nui, ʻelima mau makahiki i alakaʻi ai i nā beaver a me nā muskrats i ka paka. Ua hoʻemi nā wolves i ka nui o ka coyote, kahi i hoʻonui ai i ka nui o nā mele a me nā kiʻī, a na lākou i huli i nā ʻale, nā ferrets a me nā alopeke i ka paka. Hele hou maila nā bears grizzly, ka mea i hoihoi nui ʻia e ka mahuahua o ka nui o nā leopards o nā hau, nā blueberries, cherry manu a me nā hua ʻē aʻe a lākou i ʻai ai ma mua o ka male ʻana. ʻOiai nā wai kahawai, ua loli nā ʻoihana wai e ka lepo mai nā lāʻau nui a me nā kumu lāʻau.

I ka hānau ʻana i kekahi mau ʻīlio pua a me ka ʻīlio, ua hana ʻia nā hana hou, e like me ka ʻīlio hihiʻo Sarlos, ka Czechoslovakian wolfdog a i ʻole ka wolfhound.

ʻO ke kiʻi o ka wolf ma ka moʻomeheu

• ʻO Wolf Wolf - ka inoa o kahi lawaiʻa akamai i ʻike ʻia.
• I ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio he ʻano ʻokoʻa loa, no laila ua kapa ʻia nā moekolohe kahiko o Roma ma "ʻōpio ʻōpio" (lat. Lupae). ʻO Brothels, kāhea ʻia, "Lupanaria."
• I nā Middle Waenama hea?] [na wai?] na ilio ka malama na ka diabolo. [kumu ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi 202 mau lā]

Wolf ma kāna ʻoihana

• ʻO ka ʻīlio ma ka moʻomeheu ʻEulopa e haʻi ʻia ke ʻano o ka momona, huhū a me ka palaualelo. I kekahi manawa ua kau ʻia kahi ʻīlio lanakila i nā lima me ka hōʻailona o ka lanakila ma luna o kahi hoa hana wiwo ʻole a maikaʻi ʻole.

Akā i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana iā ia, hiki i ka wolf ke hōʻailona pū i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻohana a me nā kuleana ʻohana, ka hiki ke kū no ka home. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka wolf ke hele aku ma luna o ke kapa o nā lima o ka Europa, e kū ana i kona kumu i kahi werewolf (werewolf).

ʻO Mackenzian Wolf

ʻO ʻAmelika ʻAmelika he konupepa kupaianaha. Nui nā holoholona i loaʻa i ka lele ma laila, ʻo ia kahi mākaʻi Mackensian. O kahi keia ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻīlio ma ke kiʻi hōʻike pinepine ʻia me kahi maka koko. Ua hoʻolilo ʻia kēlā holoholona ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea lawehala haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO kahi kino nui, a i ʻole, he kino ikaika a me nā wāwae lōʻihi, ʻoiai ke hele wāwae ʻana i nā wahi paʻakikī, e kōkua iā ia e pepehi koke i nā holoholona a me ka ʻano holo. Hoʻopuka maikaʻi ke ʻano hanu o kēia ʻano. ʻOiai ma hope o ka hala ʻana o 100 km, ʻaʻole ʻo ka ʻikepili o Mackensian e hoʻopaʻi i ka pilikia o ka pau ʻana o ka hanu.

ʻO ka ihu he wahi ia o ke kino o nā holoholona i pili i ka malulu, no laila e hiamoe ana, e uhi mau ana ia me ka lauoho o kona huelo lōʻihi. ʻAe kēia i ka holoholona i ka hoʻomehana. Ua uhi ʻia ka lauoho māmā o ka uluna o ka wolf Mackenzian, a e ʻeleʻele hoʻi ke kua a me ke poʻo.

Holo mau ʻia kēia holoholona hihiu i ka pāʻani me kona mau kaikuaʻana. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ma loko o kahi pūʻulu o nā ʻīlio Mackenzian, aia i luna o 10 mau kanaka. Hoʻāla nui ka pā i nā mea kanu nunui, e like me ka moose a i ʻole bison.

Ke ʻīlio ulaula

Loa ʻano lūlū lilie noho ana ma na mauna o South a me Central Asia. Hoʻokūkā ʻia ka spionimona no kona lauoho ʻulaʻula. Kekahi ʻano o nā ʻīlio ulaula pau ka hopena i nā pae kūikawā. Aia kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe - "buanzu".

ʻO ka ʻīlio ulaula ua like nui ia me kahi ʻīlio a me kahi alopio. ʻO kēia kahi mea kālai nui a koʻikoʻi loa. Kahi lōʻihi ka huelo o ka holoholona i ʻole e huki i lalo ma ka lepo. Ma nā ʻāpana dorsal a me ka huelo o ke kino, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka lauoho ʻeleʻele, akā ʻaʻole lawa. ʻAʻole hānau ʻia ʻo Buanza, akā he brown. Ke ulu lākou i ka wā, hele a mālamalama ka wolf cub.

Ke loli nei ka hopena, ua loli ka hulu o ka holoholona. I ke kauwela he mea paʻakikī wale nō ia, a i ka hoʻoilo, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, he palupalu a me ka palupalu. Aia nō i ke anuanu, e lilo ia i mea māmā iki. ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻulaʻula ulaula ka mea nui i kekahi noho.

No kekahi laʻana, ʻo nā kānaka i loaʻa ma Indochina ka lōʻihi loa o nā lauoho ʻ lōʻihi loa, ʻo nā "Pakistanis" a me "Afghans" ka mea pōkole. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻanoʻano ka hapa liʻiliʻi o nā niho ma waena o nā ʻīlio āpau.

Wili polar

ʻO ke kauhale o kēia ʻīlio keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ʻo ia ka Arctic, no laila, kapa nui nā zoologists iā ia he "arctic". ʻAʻole makaʻu ka holoholona i ka wela haʻahaʻa, e pale iā lākou mai ka hulu mānoanoa. Loaʻa ka lauoho o ka holoholona me ka ua anu a me ka makani ikaika a ʻaʻole i makaʻu.

ʻAʻole lawa ka nui o nā lāʻau ola kūlohelohe no kēia ʻano ma ka Arctic. No kēia kumu, i ka wā e pepehi ai ka holoholona i kāna mea i hopu ai, ʻaʻole i waiho i kāna ʻiʻo "i ka mālama", hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e ʻai ia. Ma ke ala, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ka wolf poloki iā ia iho he lawaiʻa maikaʻi loa. I ka huli ʻana no ka mea i pio, ua kōkua ʻia ʻo ia e nā ʻano hiʻona maikaʻi i kamaʻilio maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa.

Ua ʻike ʻia ma muli o ka nele o ka meaʻai, hiki ke pōloli iā 1 i 2 mau pule. No ke aha i kēia w ʻī nani nani? Aia nā kumu 2:

1. Hoʻomoe ʻia nā mea hoʻonani honua Arctic e ka hoʻomehana honua i ka honua.
2. ʻO ka hoʻonui pinepine ʻana o ka poʻe hune i ka hulu wili a keokeo-keʻokeʻo.

ʻAlau wanana ʻo Marsupial

I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe mea ma ka Honua, ua loaʻa ka welo marsupial. Manaʻo piha kēia ʻano holoholona. Ua hiki ke kino o ke ʻano o kēia mau mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 120 cm ka lōʻihi, a kaupaona ʻia ma kahi o 30 kg. Loaʻa ia iā ia i ka ʻāina o kā ʻAmelika mohai nei.

Ua like ka like me ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio me kahi ʻīlio. He lole puʻupuʻu pokole kāna i kapa ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻopā, maikaʻi ia. Holo nā peni ma ke kino o ka ʻīlio marsupial. Ma ka wao nahele, ua koho ʻia kēlā mau ʻano kanaka e moe ana i ke ana, a inā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka nui, a laila nā pua lāʻau.

ʻAʻole i hui pū ʻia ka ʻīlio marsupial me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, e hana ana i nā ʻohana. Eia naʻe, ʻike ʻia nā hihia o ka ola pālua o kēia mau holoholona. ʻOkoʻa nō ka leo o ka holoholona i ka leo i hana ʻia e nā ʻulepule ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi mea e like me ka ʻōpio, ua ʻuliuli hoʻi a mālie.

ʻAlau hae

ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻano leto keu. He holoholona nui kēia, e kaʻi ana o kona kino ma mua o 1.5 mika ka lōʻihi. A kaupaʻi nei ma mua o 60 kg. ʻO kona wahi noho ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Mai ka ʻīlio hina, ua hoʻokaʻawale ka mea weliweli e kekahi nui kino nui a me nā wāwae ikaika.

ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea nui i ka hopu ʻana no ka poʻe ma mua. He mea paʻakikī e haʻi pololei paha nā wīwī weliweli iā lākou iho. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka zoology he axiom - ʻaʻole ke nui ka nui o ke kino o ka mea pepehi kanaka ma mua o ka nui o ke kaupaona ʻana o nā lālā a pau o ka pūʻolo kaua.

E pili ana i kēia, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo i ka wā o ke ola o ka ʻōpio weliweli, ua hoʻouka ʻo ia i kahi bison, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kino nui o 300 kg. Akā ʻaʻole i hiki i ka ʻohana hipa o kēia mau holoholona ikaika ke leʻaleʻa i ka bison i kēlā me kēia lā, no laila, ʻai pinepine lākou i nā holoholona iʻa nui e hoʻolei aku i uka.

Keʻena Kōkua

ʻIke ʻia a nā ʻīlio ua like ka like me ka fox. He ʻano ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ʻē aʻe o nā lauoho like, ma lalo o ka huelo ma nā wāwae a me ke alo o ka ʻāʻī kahi hulu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Pono a ākea ka pepeiao o nā holoholona. He maʻi hope ʻo ia i ʻAitiopa, nā ʻīlio makaʻu ʻole. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole kēia no ka huki, akā, i ka waiho ʻia ʻana o ke ʻano ʻano kūʻokoʻa, no ka mea, ua hele pinepine kēia holoholona me nā ʻīlio ʻAmelika.

Ke wikiwiki a nui ka holoholona. Kōkua nā lōʻihi loa iā ia e kiʻi i ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe. ʻAʻole i ka ʻulekīliki ʻAmelika ke hoʻouka i ka pāʻani nui, makemake wale ia i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, no ka mea, hares, nā mea lālani a me nā kiʻi. ʻO ka holoholona nui loa kahi nui o ka poʻe predator i wiwo ʻole e hōʻoki ʻia he antelope.

ʻĪlio maned

Ua loaʻa ka inoa o ka holoholona i kahi inoa inoa nona no ka lauoho loloa e like me ka mane, akā ʻaʻole liona, akā he lio. ʻO ka huluhulu pōkole i kū wale ʻia ma nā limu o ke kanaka. Loaʻa kekahi ʻulepeke maned ma kekahi mau ʻāina ma ʻAmelika Hema, e pili ana me Brazil.

ʻEʻulaʻula ka kala o ka hulu o ka holoholona, ​​akā he mau pōpoki ʻeleʻele ma nā wāwae, ʻāʻī a me ke kāʻei. Ua makemake kekahi ʻīlio wana e noho i nā wahi ākea pohō i kahi nui o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kūikawā o kēia ʻano he mau wāwae lōʻihi. ʻO ia kekahi o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā ʻīlio hihii e makemake pū ai e huki pono ʻole, me ke kaikunāne.

Puni mālie ka holoholona ma waena o nā palama e komo mālie i ka mea pio, a laila - holo i waho, e hoʻouka ana iā ia. Ma ka liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, ʻai nui ka ʻīlio maned i nā manu a me nā hua. Noho loa loa, hui pū ʻia me nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe e hoʻouka i nā holoholona. Aia kēlā holoholona i pili i ka "ʻohana" (monogamous). ʻO nā mea hoihoi hoihoi i nā wolfs o ka wolf maned i ka wā lōʻihi. Ua hānau lākou he brown a ʻeleʻele paha.

ʻO wolf Tundra

ʻO ka hulu lōʻihi ka mea e hoʻokau ai i ka wolf tundra i waho i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa ia ma Rusia. ʻOi ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ke kino e hōʻemi ai i ka Arctic. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano holoholona ʻo Siberia.

I hoʻopiha piha, pono ka holoholona i ka liʻiliʻi o 10 kg o ka ʻi. Akā loaʻa kēlā lono pōkole no ia. Inā hele ʻole kahi holoholona i waena o ka pāʻani nui, hiki ke hoʻoikaika ʻia e kahi rodent a iʻa ʻole paha.

Ma Siberia, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi ʻona wili puaʻa, akā aia kekahi o lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mau māmā. O kahi keia ʻano o nā ʻīlio hae ma Rūsia ua manao kekahi o ka mea oi akahele loa. Hōʻalo pinepine kahi holoholona i nā kānaka.

ʻĪlio puaʻa

ʻOi iki ka liʻiliʻi o nā canine ma mua o ka tundra. ʻO ka nui o ka kaupaona ʻo Mongoli. Mālama ka hulu hina hina i ke kino o ka holoholona. Noho lākou ma Rūsia, ma ka Teritori Primorsky.

He holoholona hihiu loa ʻo ka ʻīlio Mongali. Hiki iā ia ke hahai i kāna mea i loaʻa i nā hola he nui. Hōʻalo pinepine ka poʻe loea o kēlā mau mea hoʻomau me ka waiwai o ka ʻai. A laila e ʻokiʻoki ana nā ʻīlio iā ia. Kīhoihoi ka ʻano o kā lākou alualu ʻana i ko lākou holo lūlū ma hope o kēlā me kēia, i ke kolamu lōʻihi.

Ke ʻīlio ulaula

Ke kū'ē nei nā Zoologists e pili ana i ka helu ʻana o kēlā holoholona. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe ʻo ka ʻīlio ʻulaʻula ʻano ʻōlele hinaa ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe he ʻanoʻokoʻa ia o ka canine. Aia kahi loea a he mea hoʻokumu o kēia kanaka ka mea hana i kahi coyote a me kahi wolf maʻamau.

I kēia lā, hiki i kēia holoholona hihiu i kekahi mau mokuʻāina ʻAmelika, no ka laʻana, ma Texas. He liʻiliʻi ko lākou lahui, no laila ke manaʻo ʻia nei ka ʻano ua pau. ʻAleʻulaʻula ka hāhā ʻana o ke kapa o ka holoholona. Akā ma Louisiana ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻeleleʻeleʻele o kēia ʻano. Loaʻa iā lākou nā lauoho lōʻihi, nā pepeiao lōʻihi a me nā wāwae ikaika, nā wāwae wāwae.

E like me nā hana a me nā makemake i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka holoholona i kona "hina" maikaʻi. E like me kahi welo hina, ke makemake ka redhead i ke kokoke i kona mau ʻohana. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i kūkulu ka holoholona i nā pūʻulu nui. ʻAʻole kēlā me kēia pūʻulu o ka ʻīlio welo iʻoi aku ma mua o 8-10 kanaka. He Monogamous kēia mea predator.

ʻOiai e hele ana ka ʻeke, ʻo ka wīwīwīwīwīwīwīwīwī e noho mau i ka mālama. Ma ke ala, he nui nā wīwī e hānai nui i nā raccoons a me nā rodents medium-rahi. Maʻikaʻi loa lākou e hoʻokele ai a ʻai a ʻai i ka ʻai nui, no ka laʻana, moose.

Wolf ʻākau

Ma ka zoologi, nui nā helu e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o kēia ʻano canis. Wahi a ka manaʻo maʻamau, ʻo ka wolf hikina ka pua i ka wolf ʻula a me ka ʻulaʻula. Noho kekahi holoholona ʻo ia ma kahi moku ʻo Kanada, Ontario.

ʻAʻole kahi predator i waena o ka nui. Ke ana o kona kino - a hiki i ka 80 cm. He ʻāpana hina-hina ia. He ʻōpala a koʻikoʻi ka lole o ka holoholona.ʻO ka wolf hikina kahi holoholona holoholona, ​​akā ʻaʻole makemake i hoʻokumu hou i nā pūʻulu he nui. I loko o hoʻokahi ʻohana ʻaʻole e hiki i nā mea hou aku ʻo 3-5.

ʻO kēia ʻano o ka mea predator i manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole he lawaiʻa maikaʻi wale nō, akā he mākaʻikaʻi maikaʻi hoʻi. Inā lele kekahi holoholona ʻē aʻe i ka ʻāina o ka wolf hikina, e hoʻouka ʻia ʻo ia e nā lālā a pau o ka Peke. I nā ululāhi hoʻopunipuni, lawe pinepine nā holoholona i nā beavers a me nā mamalia nui, e like me ka moose.

Na ʻīlio Melville

ʻO ka wahi noho o ka holoholona ka mokupuni ʻo Greenland. ʻAʻole ka kaupaona ʻo ka ʻīlio Melville iʻoi aku ma mua o 45 kg, akā naʻe, ua hōʻea kekahi mau mea i 70 kg. Ma ka mokupuni o Greenland, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻīlio hina a me ka ʻulaʻula Melville. ʻO ka mānoanoa ko lākou huluhulu a lōʻihi loa. ʻO nā kikoʻī o nā ʻano ʻōiwi liʻiliʻi.

ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi kanaka ke pepehi i kahi mea nui, no laila, no kēia ʻano he pono ke hoʻohui. Holo i nā ʻīlio Melville 6-6 mau kānaka. ʻO ka maʻamau, mālama nā holoholona i hoʻokahi o nā bipi a hipa paha, nānā lākou iā lākou a ʻike i ka nāwaliwali loa.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he holoholona nui ikaika e hiki ke hoʻomaka a kū kūʻē nō hoʻi i ka ʻīlio ke pane. No laila, ʻike ʻo ia i kēia mea mai ia hana ʻole i kēia kaua. Noho ʻo nā wuriki Melville i ka pō ma nā ana paʻa i ka pō. ʻO ke ʻano ola o kēlā holoholona. Hōʻikeʻia kēia i kona ikaika.

Dingo

I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i hele mai nā poʻe loea e he ʻalē ma ka ʻano o nā dingoes. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe, ʻo ka holoholona kahi ʻīlio puaʻa ʻaʻohe mea i pili ai i ka ʻīlio, aʻo kekahi e manaʻoʻiʻo nei ka dingo he manuahi kūlio maoli kūlike. ʻO kekahi ala a i ʻole kekahi, aia kahi ʻano he kauo ʻo ia i ka ʻīlio Iniana, ʻoi aku, kahi purebred. Nolaila, ua noonooia keia holoholona i ka olelo.

Ua pālahalaha kēia ʻano ma Australia a me ʻĀsia. Loaʻa ʻo Dingo ma loko o New Guinea. ʻO kahi wailana ʻoiau maikaʻi, nocturnal me nā hulu ʻulaʻula. Akā ma ke kino o ke dingo aia kekahi lauoho keʻokeʻo (ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka palake, me ka huelo a me ka sternum). Ma New Guinea, loaʻa nā dingoes pōʻeleʻele, me ka ʻulaʻula a me ka lauoho ʻeleʻele paha.

ʻOiai ʻo kona ʻano "canine", ʻaʻohe ʻano like o kēia ʻano holoholona me kahi ʻīlio hio. Akā e ninini ʻo ia me ka wili. Noho kēia holoholona ʻoniʻoni ʻulaʻulaʻula i kahi kōnaehana. Me kahi wahi e hiamoe ai, koho ke dingo i ka nui lāʻau nui, nā ʻaki a me nā ana.

ʻAʻohe! ʻAʻole makaʻu nā mākaia ʻAmelika i kēia mau kānaka, akā ʻoi aku ka makemake e noho kokoke iā lākou. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo nā kānaka e hānai pinepine i nā dingoes. Ma ke ala, e hui pū ai ka ʻīlio welo ʻulaʻula me kona ʻano iho, e hoʻokumu ana i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka alakaʻi wale a me kāna wahine nā kuleana e hoʻohālikelike.

Wanana kikowaena Lūkini kikowaena

ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia mau ʻōmole o ka mammals nui ma mua o ka wili tundra. ʻAno hina ke kala o ka huluhulu. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka sternum o ka holoholona ma hope o kona kua. He lole māmā. ʻO ka paona awelika o ke kaila wili waena o kahi Lūkini Lūkini he 40 kg.

ʻIke ʻia kēia mea hoʻokūkū hoʻolaha ma nā ulu lāʻau o Lūkia Lūkini. Ma Altai, ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻīlio Russian Lūkini nui, ʻoi aku ka paona ma mua o 70 kg. He mākaʻi nani loa kēia o kāna ʻano, e makemake e ʻimi, hiamoe a ʻai i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Holoi ʻo ka ʻīlio Lūkini Maikaʻi no nā holoholona nui, no ka laʻana, moose a me nā ʻelele wale nō.

Ma kahi pūʻulu o kēlā mau holoholona, ​​mai 30 a 45 mau kanaka hoʻokahi. No ka manawa 1, hiki i ka wahine wahine o ka wolf Lūkini waena ke hānai i 10 mau cub. He mālama ʻo ia iā lākou a nalowale ʻole. Na ke kāne ke kuleana no ka ʻona ʻai.

Wolf wolf

Noho kēia holoholona lōlele ma ka Central Asia, Kazakhstan a me Lūkia pana anuʻu a me nā ʻona ʻāina. Aia nā lālā hina, ʻulaʻula a me nā hina hina o ka wolf wao. Kāhea ʻia kēia mau mea "hepe".

I ka nui, ʻoi aku ka holoholona ikaika i ka wili hina, akā naʻe, e ikaika wale ana a me ka maʻalahi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. Kūpī ka kino o ke kāwele wao nahele. ʻAʻole aʻo ʻia kēia ʻano holoholona.

Ka wili Caucasian

Aia kekahi holoholona ma Rusia. I ka kīʻaha o ka wili Caucasian aia kahi mahele hierarchical mākaʻikaʻi o nā poʻe. ʻO ka mana o ke alakaʻi, ke ʻikepili nui o ka pūʻulu, ke nīnau wale nei inā he ʻōlule a ʻelemakule paha. A laila hiki i kahi kāne ke hōʻole iā ia. Kūpō ka ʻike ʻana o nā ʻīlio Caucasian no ko lākou ʻāpana āpau.

Ke aloha lākou i kēlā mau holoholona i ʻae ʻole e ola e kā lākou mau lula. I nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe "Caucasians" he polū. Inā ʻaʻole e hele kekahi o nā mea wānana e hele i ko lākou ʻāina - ʻaʻole ia e lawa. Hoʻokahi ka ʻohana hipa i ka holoholona. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo a hina hina ke kala o ke kapa wili Caucasian. Kāʻei ʻia ko lākou mau pepeiao a me nā wāwae. Loaʻa nā lauoho ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi ma ke kino o ka holoholona.

ʻOiai ke ʻano o ko lākou ʻano kaua a me ka hoʻokūkī o ka ʻōpio Kaukia, mahalo nui lākou i kā lākou lālā. Loaʻa nā mākua ʻelua i ke kaʻina hana. ʻAʻole wale lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi iā lākou, akā, i ka manawa hoʻopaʻi pinepine ʻia lākou. ʻO ka maʻamau ke kumu o ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana i ka cub wolf ʻo kona pāwīwī loa.

Na wili Siberian

Hoʻowahāwahā kekahi poʻe zoologists i ka pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻīlio Siberian ma ke ʻano he mea ʻokoʻa. I ka ʻike o ka waihoʻoluʻu, ka nui, a me ka hoʻonaninani, ua like kēia mau holoholona me ko lākou mau kaikuaʻana kokoke loa, nā ʻīlio Lūkini Central. He maʻamau lākou i Kamchatka, Transbaikalia a me Siberia. ʻO ka huluhulu o kēlā mau holoholona palupalu i ka pā, e like me ka siliki. He mānoanoa a lōʻihi lākou. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka huluhulu o ka wili Siberian ma mua o ka Russian Lūkini. ʻO ka paona o ka holoholona a hiki i 45 kg.

ʻBerlelo Iberian

He ʻano holoholona koʻikoʻi kēia o nā holoholona canine, aia a hiki i kēia manawa i manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻopau ʻole ʻia. Noho ia ma Sepania a me Pokukala. ʻAnoʻulaʻula-kala ke kala o ka hulu o ka holoholona. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wili Iberian ma mua o ka Lūkini Lūkini. I kona alo, ke kua a me ka sternum aia nā wahi ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi. Ma muli o kēia, i waena o ka poʻe, ua kapa ʻia ka holoholona "hōʻailona ʻole."

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Zoologist he mea nui ke ʻano o kēia ʻōpio. ʻO ke kumu ka mālama ʻia ʻana o kahi heluna o capercaillie, kahi ma kēia mau wahi, ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia. Pehea ka maikaʻi o ka wili Iberian? He maʻalahi nā mea a pau.

Ka poʻe holoholona i wili ʻia ma luna o kahi puaʻa maikaʻi, e ʻā pinepine ana i ka māka. Keʻimi nei kēia mau holoholona i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole ʻo nā puaa hihiu wale nō, akā ʻo ka deer deer, luna a me nā hipa i lilo i mea pio no lākou. I kekahi manawa ua ʻai ʻia nā ʻīlio Iberian iʻa.

ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau ʻo Jackal

Ua kapa ʻia kēia holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻo "kora san". Aia kekahi ʻīlio ma Asia Hema, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi loa, ua pālahalaha loa i kekahi mau ʻāina o ʻEulopa, no ka laʻana, ma Albania.

He like a like ʻo Jackal i kahi ʻīlio. Ua ʻoi ʻia ʻo ia ma mua, e ʻōlelo ai, he dingo, a i ʻole nā ​​moʻa maʻamau. ʻOi aku ka momona o kona kino ma mua o kahi ʻīlio hina, a hiki i 20 kg. ʻO ka muzzle o ka jackal i kuhikuhi ʻia a kahuhipa, e like me ka ʻalope. ʻO ka huluhulu o kēia "wolf liʻiliʻi" loaʻa kahi kala kala-ʻulaʻula. I ka hoʻoilo, e mālamalama.

I loko o ka lā, ʻaʻole nui ka ʻai kora san, koho i ka manawa ahiahi no kahi pāʻina. ʻAi ʻo ia:

Ka mea i huli ʻo ia ka jackal ua pau loa. Lele ʻo ia e ʻimi me nā mea like ʻole. ʻOiai ʻo ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka hemahema o ka wolf stamina, kahi noʻonoʻo a me ka dexterity e kōkua i ka lilo no ka huni maikaʻi. Hiki iā ia ke kānana malu i ka waiwai pio a hopu i ka maʻalahi ma mua o ka pakele.

Hōʻano Wolf

ʻO nā wolo, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole i hōʻemi iki ka manawa. E aʻa a ʻoluʻolu, he paʻakikī ia e kāhea iā lākou. Mālama mau ka ʻōpio wolf i kahi maoli, ʻoiai me ka hiolo.

Mālama ʻo nā Māuli i ka wahine a me nā ʻōpio. Inā he neʻe ka mea wali i kahi wahine a i hoʻokahi paha i nā manawa he nui, ʻaʻohe wolf e kū ma nā ʻaoʻao. E holo hou ʻo ia e pale aku iā lākou, ʻaʻohe mea nāna e mālama iā ia. Eia kēlā ke ʻōlio ke ola o kahi holoholona.

No ka hoʻopiliʻana i nā mea hoʻohana ʻē aʻe, he mau manaʻo ʻole nā ​​ʻīlio. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole lākou i makemake i nā holoholona e hoʻāʻo e ʻimi ma kā lākou ʻāina. Akā ʻaʻole lākou e komo i ka hakakā.

Aia kekahi kaʻao e pili ana i nā ʻīlio e like me nā holoholona koko, akā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo loa uaʻokoʻa nā mea a pau! ʻO nā holoholona o nā ʻīlio i hoʻonohonoho i ka poʻe maʻa mau ʻohana e ʻimi e hānai iā lākou iho.

Meaʻai me ka Haʻi

ʻO kahi holoholona he ʻīlio? Ala akula ka p? ʻO kahi wolf kahi mākaʻikaʻi kūlike o nā karnivores. Hele ʻo ia i ke kanu ʻana i nā meaʻai i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, inā ʻaʻohe ʻai. Ua hāpai a pākahi i kahi 2 i ka 6 kilokina o nā ʻi i ka 1 manawa. He nohona kēia mau poʻe ʻōhua i ka mālama ʻana i nā meaʻai no hope.

ʻOiaiʻoi loa ke kakio me ka momona loa, hiki iā ia ke pololi i ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka papaʻai ʻai nui o nā ʻīlio hihiu ka hipa, roe deer, hares.

ʻOiaiʻo kēia mau mea kaiʻai i ʻai i nā holoholona āpau i hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻīlio hānai kūpono i ka noho. He mau mea monogamous nā wolo, no laila mau ka mare ʻana i nā makahiki he nui. Mai ka lua a ʻekolu mau makahiki ua mākaukau ka holoholona no ka hoʻoulu ʻana.

Hōʻalo ka manawa hoʻohālikelike ma Ianuali-ʻApelila, hilinaʻi i ka noho. I kēia manawa, wela kahi lewa i loko o ka pā. ʻO ke kiaʻi kāne kāne a me ka wahine mālama i kekahi i kekahi.

Hoʻomaka ka kāne ʻoi aku ka mālama pono ʻana i nā ʻulepo makua a kaua no lākou. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka wahine hānai i hoʻokahi hua keiki i hoʻokahi makahiki. Noho ke kiaʻi ma kahi o 65 mau lā. Aia he 3 a he 13 mau pipi i ka litter. I ka wā hānai, ʻaʻole neʻe ka wahine i kahi mamao mai kona lua a ma nā mea a pau nāna ke pale iā ia. Papa - ʻaʻole i komo ka wolf i kēia manawa i ke ola o nā cubs.

Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana, mālama ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa i piha ka piha o ka wolf. Kaʻana ʻo kekahi wolf i kāna ʻāpana me nā keiki. Ma muli o ka hale, kahi hiki i nā pēpē ke noho i loko o ka pā a i ʻole e hele e nānā no kahi ʻāina hou.

He aha ke ʻano o ke ʻīlio?

ʻO waho, ua like like ka wolf hina maʻamau me kahi ʻīlio nui loa, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea he mau kūpuna kēia mau holoholona. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wolf. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka wolf a hiki i 110-160 cm, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka huelo a hiki i 52 cm, ke kiʻekiʻe i ka nāhelehele mai 60 a 90 cm, a hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino o ka mea wīwī ma waena o 80 kg.

Aia kekahi mau mea i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia kanaka he 92 kg. ʻO ka paona nui o nā ʻīlio he 30 a 65 kg. ʻO ka nui a me ke kaumaha o nā ʻīlio hae e hilinaʻi i ka wahi kiko. ʻO ke anu ke anuanu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka holoholona. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā leka ma mua o nā wahine.

ʻO ka huluhulu holoholona he hulu, he lōʻihi a he mahana hoʻi ko nā hulu, he ʻelua o nā ʻāpana, e pili ana me kēia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wolf. ʻO ka layer mua o ka lauoho o ka wolf maʻamau e hoʻopili a pale i ka lepo. ʻO ka lua ʻo kahi underwa wai piha wai e pale ai i ka wolf mai ke anuanu a me nā ʻano kūlohelohe he nui ʻē aʻe. Mea paʻakikī loa ka ʻīlio hina holoholona.

Ke nānā aku nei ka ʻīlio i ka holoholona hoʻoweliweli a me ka holoholona hihiu, he kino kino ikaika, nā wāwae ikaika a me ke poʻo ākea ākea me nā pepeiao pepeiao. ʻO kahi elongated nui a me nā muzzle pōkole me ke kīwī ʻeleʻele i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻālina keʻokeʻo a me nā kukui māmā i loko o ka maka. ʻO ke helehelena nui o ka wolf. Loa ka lōʻihi o kahi o ka wili hina. Ma kona neʻe a me ke kūlana, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokolokolo i ka ʻano o kahi mea nāna e manaʻo ʻia.

ʻO ka ʻeleʻele maʻamau he ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, ma muli o ka noho. Ma ka ululāʻau kahi kapa ʻulaʻula hina. I ke kaan, ka māmā, kokoke i keʻokeʻo. Ma ka wao nahele - hina-ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa nā poʻe keʻokeʻo ʻē aʻe i loaʻa i ka Arctic, a ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha. Ke hina hina ka undercoat o ka holoholona.

Pehea ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻīlio me ka ʻīlio? ʻOkoʻa nā ʻolio kūlike i kahi ʻīlio ʻaʻole wale i ka helehelena, akā i kāna mau papa. ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka helehelena o nā ʻīlio hina ma mua o nā ʻīlio, a hana i kahi laina kokoke. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻulepeke he ala ʻē aʻe ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia ka 9-11 cm, a ʻo ka laulā he 6-7 cm, no ka wolf a he 7-9 cm ka 5-6 cm. ʻoi aku ka kaulana nui ma mua o kahi ʻīlio.

Ka noho ʻana a me ke ʻano

Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e hōʻike ana nā ʻīlio i kā lākou hana i ka pōʻeleʻele, e hui pū ana i kā lākou huki me ka lāloa lōʻihi, i mea e launa pū ai ma waena o kā lākou iho. Ke ʻimi nei a mālama paha i kahi puʻupuʻu, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻāʻo e hana pono ʻole, e hoʻokaho leo nui ana. I ke ao, e like me ka hapanui o nā mea wili, aia nā wuleka i kā lākou hale.

ʻO kahiʻoiaʻiʻo nani loa! Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpala i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua, e hōʻike ana i ka maʻalahi o kēia mau poʻe ʻōpiopio i nā ʻano o ke ola ʻana.

He lohe ʻino wale kēia mau mea i ʻole, akā ua ulu iki nā maka a me nā ʻono. Hōʻike ʻia nā wolves e ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka wikiwiki, no ka mea, he mau mākaukau kiʻekiʻe lākou, e ʻae iā lākou e ola i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi. Hiki i nā wolves ke alualu i ka waiwai pio ma ka wikiwiki ʻo 60 km / h, hōʻea ma ka liʻiliʻi o 100 mau hola i ka pō.

ʻAuhea e noho ai nā ʻīlio?

He holoholona hihiu ka mea nui o ka ʻāina ka mea maʻamau. He wahi nui kēia holoholona holoholona hihiu. Noho ka ʻīlio ma nā ʻāina anuanu a ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa. Ma nā ululāʻau, nā ʻāpana ala, ka wao nahele, taiga, tundra, nāhelehele ala a me ka wāwae o nā kuahiwi.

Noho nā wolves ma nā wahi he nui o ʻEulopa (mai Rusia a Pokukala), Asia (mai Korea a Georgia) a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (mai Alaska a Mexico. Noho ka poʻe nui i ka tundra, ʻoiai nā kānaka liʻiliʻi e noho ma nā ʻaoʻao hema. He pīhoihoi ia aia ka Lūkini i ka wolf i koe ma ka moku ʻo Sakhalin.

ʻO ka ʻīlio maʻamau he holoholona territorial. Noho nā ʻōpū o nā ʻīlio ma nā wahi i kāʻili ʻia, nā palena kahi e hōʻailona ʻia e nā ʻatikala. I ke kauwela, ke heʻe nei ka pale o ka wolf, ua māhele ʻia ka palena i noho ʻia i kekahi mau ʻāpana. ʻO ka ʻoi loa ka maikaʻi o lākou, ʻo ia ke kime, a ʻo ke koena o nā ʻīlio hele i ke ʻano ola.

Pehea e ola ai nā ʻīlio?

ʻO ka wolf maʻamau kahi holoholona holoholona. No laila, noho nā ʻīlio i mau ʻeke, ʻimi lākou, pāʻani a me ka hoʻopili pū pū kekahi. He ʻikepili kahi wolf kahi ʻohana o nā holoholona o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole a helu ʻia mai 3 a 40 mau kanaka. Hoʻokipa ʻia ka hipa e kahi alakaʻi a i ʻole ka wolf panana - ke kāne nui. ʻO kēia ka mea akamai loa, naʻauao a ikaika i loko o ka pūʻulu wolf. He hoa aloha ke alakaʻi o ka pā kaua - ʻo ka wahine nui hoʻi. Ka pūlima pū ʻana me lākou i kahi pūlima, a laila e hoʻohui pū ai i nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe iā lākou iho - he ʻeke wolf kēia.

He ʻona o kona mau ʻīlio hae. ʻO ka alakaʻi i ka pā i loaʻa i nā mana ʻole. He alakaʻi alakaʻi kūpono kēia a ua ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i nā lālā a pau o ka paʻi. Akā, aloha nui ka poʻe malihini. Loaʻa ka ʻohana hipa i kahi kāne beta, ka mea hoʻokō paha o ke alakaʻi. ʻO kēia ka maʻamau maʻamau nā keiki alakaʻi a nā hoahānau kāne o ke kāne alakaʻi. ʻO ka mea noi no ka wahi o ke poʻo o ka pā pahu e hōʻike mau ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kāne alpha, me he mea lā e nānā ana i kona kūlana, i kona makaukau e lawe i kāna wahi i kēlā me kēia manawa.

He wolf i haʻalele ʻole i ka pack a i kipaku ʻia i kapa ʻia he wone lone. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia holoholona nā manawa kūpono e hoʻokumu i kā lākou ʻohana.

Ke ola nei nā wolves i ko lākou mau manaʻo. Hoʻohana lākou i kēia mau manaʻo i ka ʻimi a kamaʻilio me nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lohe nani o ka holoholona, ​​e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻolohe i ka ʻīlio hae ma kahi lōʻihi o ʻehiku mau mile. ʻO kā lākou manaʻo o ka hona he 100 mau kaha ma mua o ke kanaka. Hiki i ka ʻikepiki hina ke holo i ka wikiwiki o 55 km / h.

Noho nā wolves i nā pūpū a me kahi pakuhi o kēlā me kēia mahele holoholona, ​​kahi e mālama pono ai nā holoholona mai nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe. Ma kahi pōkole kahi e mālama ai ka alakaʻi, noho maluhia nā ʻīlio a kaua ʻole i nā hakakā. Ke hele nei nā ʻōpū i nā malihini a me nā ʻīlio lone, ka mea kue i ka palena o ke kahua. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hīnaʻi wolf a puni kona ʻāina a hopu wale iā ia.

E mālama pono ka mea nona nā mākaʻikaʻi a hōʻailona i ko lākou wahi, e waiho i nā ʻalāʻau ma luna o nā lāʻau i hāʻule a i ʻole nā ​​kumu lāʻau kahiko. Pēlā, maopopo e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka haʻalele ʻana. Hoʻohewa ʻia nā malihini kipa ʻole, ʻo ia nō nā kānāwai ʻino o ka wolf pack. ʻO ke ala a ka wolf i lohe ʻia a puni kahi ala e hōʻike aku ai ua noho mua ka ʻāina.

ʻO ka nui o nā ʻāpana o ka ʻāpana ākea o ka wolf maʻamau e hilinaʻi ana i ka lewa a ma waena o 50 a 1500 km². ʻO ka ola ʻana o ka ʻohana ma muli o ka nui o kona mau holoholona hihiu, no laila e pale maikaʻi aku nā ʻīlio iā lākou. Inā nui aku ka nui o ka ʻai ma ka wahi hānai ʻohana, a laila he nui nā hanauna o nā ʻīlio hihiu e noho ma kahi pūnaewele. Loaʻa ka papahele nui o nā ʻīlio hihiu ma nā wahi ākea o ka hānai a me ke ala a me ka nui o ka 1000-1250 km².I loko o ka ulu lāʻau liʻiliʻi lākou i liʻiliʻi - 200-250 km².

Inā loaʻa nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā ʻīlio, haole lākou. Ua hele pū nā wolves i nā ʻopa a hoʻokahi. Ma muli o ke hele ʻole ʻana, e ʻike ʻia nā holoholona i nā wahi i ʻike ʻia ʻole ai nā ʻīlio no nā makahiki he nui. Holo nā ʻōlele hae ma 70 mau mile i ka pō hoʻokahi.

ʻĀkoakoa nā ʻīlio hina i nā ʻeke i ka hoʻoilo. Inā hohonu ka hau, hele nā ​​ʻeleʻele i loko o kahi pā. E hahai nō kēlā me kēia holoholona kekahi i kekahi, e piʻi ai ma ka wahi like. He mea maalea loa ka ʻīlio maʻamau. No laila, he mea paʻakikī loa ka ʻike ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻīlio puaʻa.

No ke aha e ʻaoa ai nā ʻīlio? E ʻaole nā ​​mea hea, no ka mea pehea ke ala o ka launa pū me kekahi. Me ke kōkua o ke kūlou ʻana, e ʻike ai nā ʻīlio hea i nā lālā o ko lākou ʻohana, e hoʻolaha i ka hopu ʻana i ka mea pio a me ka hopu ʻana o ka ʻāina, a i ʻole e kamaʻilio pu me nā ʻohana. Uwele pinepine nā ʻūlā i nā ahiahi ahiahi. I ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ka wīwī e hele pinepine ai i ka hoʻoilo i ka wā hoʻoilo, i ka manawa i hiki ai i ka nui o nā lālā o ka pūʻulu. Hoʻomaka ʻo nā ʻūlau me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā o ka hoʻoilo, me ka wā e hoʻomake ai kahi pēpē i kahi pūnaewele a hoʻomaka i ka neʻe ʻana o kona wahi.

He aha kā ka ʻīlio e ʻai ai a pehea e huli ai?

He wili a ka wolf. ʻO ka papa ʻai maʻamau o nā ʻīlio maʻamau ka nui o nā holoholona ungulate nui: deer, moose, saigas, hipa kāne a me nā kao. ʻAi ka ʻai nui ʻana i ka ʻai, nā ʻano rodents a me nā manu, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe ia. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā ʻōpio ke ʻai i nā lālā make o ka pā.

ʻO nā mea pili o nā holoholona nui e huki i nā ʻīlio hihiu a me ka wana. No laila, e hālāwai ai i kahi ʻīlio hina ma kahi o nā mahiʻai he mea maʻamau. ʻAi ka ʻīlio i ka ʻiʻo, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka holoholona i 3-4.5 kg o ka ʻai i ka lā. Hoʻokomo ʻo nā wolo i kā lākou ʻai. ʻAe ʻia, kanu ka ʻōpala holoholona i nā koena o ka ʻiʻo. Hiki i nā wolves ke hana me ka ʻole o ka ʻai no ka ʻelua mau pule. I ke kauwela, ʻai ka ʻai o ka ʻōpala maʻamau i nā meaʻai o ka mea kanu, no laila i ke kauwela ua ʻai nui ka wolf i nā huaʻai a me nā hua.

He ʻokoʻa nui nā kumu o ka huluhulu luko. I ka hoʻoilo, hakakā nā ʻōpio no nā holoholona ungulate nui. ʻO kēia ʻano o nā ʻīlio hunting e hoʻohana iā ia i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka hana nui a ka hoʻoilo no ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo ma mua o ka uhi ʻana o ka hau ma kahi e neʻe koke ai. No nā holoholona ungulate, he paʻakikī loa ka hoʻoilo i ka haʻalele ʻana i ka ʻīlio - he holoholona hihiu a wīwī.

He mea kupaianaha kēia e ka helu kime o ka ʻīlio hihiu no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā hana: ʻo kahi ʻāpana o ka pā i ka pili ʻana i ka mea pio, a ʻo kekahi mea ʻē aʻe i ke ala o ka waiwai pio. Ke holo nei i ka hopu, ka ihu o ka wolf ʻo ia ke kākāʻōlelo nui. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia i kahi kanaka hihiu i kahi e ʻimi ai i ka mea i pio. Uwau ʻia nā ʻeke o kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia kekahi mau mile ma waena o lākou. ʻO ia me ka kōkua o ke ʻano nui o ka honi e hiki ai i nā ʻīlio ke alualu i kahi mea i ke ala. Holo lūlū ke ʻolio.

ʻO ka mea nui nui o ka ʻīlio he mau niho. Me nā kui keu 5 cm ka lōʻihi, paʻa ka wolf a kau aku i ka mea i ʻole, a me nā niho ʻē aʻe e hōʻoki i ka pāʻani. ʻO nā niho o ka ʻīlio ʻaʻole wale i kāna mea kaua, akā he pale pū nō hoʻi, no laila, he mea momona kā lākou nalowale i ka holoholona.

ʻO nā holoholona helu ungulate nui, nā ʻīlio e pepehi i ka hoʻouka ʻana me kahi hipa āpau a hoʻouka a hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana o kā lākou mea pio. I ka manawa like, e ʻoluʻolu loa ke alakaʻi a kāna wahine i ka mea pio, ʻai kā lākou i nā ʻāpana maikaʻi loa.

Holo maikaʻi loa ka ʻīlio. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i ka holoholona, ​​kuʻi iā ia ma ka ʻāʻī me ke kīpē deft a kū i ka lepo. Hiki iā ia ke noho me kahi ambush no nā hola a kali i ka mea pio no kahi lā holoʻokoʻa. Hiki pinepine iā lākou ke hahai i kahi ʻohana o ka puʻupaʻa, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi nā poʻe wānana i mua o lākou, akā e kali no ka manawa kūpono e hoʻouka.

He maalea loa nā wolves, ma ka hahai ʻana o ka mea a lākou e ʻae nei, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka mea i hele mua. I ka wā e hoʻomoe ai ka mea pōʻino, hoʻomaka hou ka wolf. Hoʻomaka pinepine nā ʻīlio i nā alopeke. Akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka ʻaʻa ʻole o lākou. Ke kū nei i kahi holoholona o nā holoholona, ​​hiki ke ʻoweliweli ka ʻīlio i nā ʻīlio. Hoʻokahi ʻāpana o ka wolf pack i ka ʻīlio, a me ke koena - ma ka pua.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻike ma nā ʻāina. Hoʻohana nā ʻohana lehulehu i nā ʻāpana like o ke kula e hoʻokuke i ka mea ʻai i ka make. Ke hele nei i ka ʻenehana, lele nā ​​ʻīlio i ka waiwai, ke kāohi me kāna wāwae a ʻai. He mea maʻamau kēia ʻano huluhulu no nā ʻīlio i ke kauwela.

I ke kauwela, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻohana a noho mele nā ​​mea minamina a i ʻole nā ​​hui liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaʻa ʻo nā wolves i nā holoholona āpau e hoʻohana ana i nā hana hopu manu i hōʻike ʻia. I ke kauwela, pinepine ka wolf e ʻai i ka hares. Akā naʻe me ka neʻe ʻana a pau me ka mālama pono i ka ʻai, ʻaʻole i pau ka maikaʻi.

Nā ʻōpū o ka ʻīlio - ka hānau hānau o nā ʻīlio. Pehea e hāpai ai i kahi pākeke i nā pōpoki wolf?

He lua o ka ʻīlio kahi puka kahi wī e hele ai i kahi wolf. Hana nā wulves i kahi lua i nā wahi i wahi ʻia. I kēia hihia, pono kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o kahi wahi. Hoʻohana pinepine nā ʻūlio i nā lua o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i mea hoʻoweliweli.

Hūlima nā wolves i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Ianuali-Pepeluali; no ka manawa mua, hoʻomaka ka wā kanu i ka makahiki o 2-3 mau makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke hāpai ʻana o ka wahine hānai wahine. I ka pūnāwai, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i ka lua i ka lua. Ma ka 4 nā 8 mau keiki a hānau ʻia i ka wahine. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē wīlī a hānau na kolohe, nā lā mua o nā pēpē e ola mau nei ka wolf. Hoʻomaka lākou e ʻike a lohe i nā lā 10 o ke ola.

ʻEkolu mau pule ma hope aku, e haʻalele mua ka wolf ʻehā a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻai i ka manawa like. Hoʻokomo ka ʻohana āpau i ka hānai a me ka hānai ʻana i nā mania. Lawe mai nā wolves i ka ʻiʻo maikaʻi loa i ka lua me nā keiki.

I nā keiki ʻōpio mau'ōmaʻomaʻo, he lone dunehue ke kala, kahi e loli ai me ka makahiki. I nā makahiki 2 he mau makahiki, haʻalele ka ʻōpio wolf i ka lua, akāʻo ka hūa o nā burrows a kokoke loa. Mālama ʻia kēlā mau wahi e nā mea kanu lāʻau mai nā maka maka. ʻO ka ʻōpio Wolf e aʻo i nā kumu o ke hiʻona, hoʻoulu a me nā kiʻi.

Kūleʻa ka ʻōpio ʻōpio a hoʻonui i ke kaumaha iā lākou ma kahi o 30 mau manawa i ka mau malama ʻehā. He ʻulaʻula uliuli nā poli o nā keiki wīwī hou. I nā makahiki 8, e loli nā maka o ka wolf i ke melemele. I ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo mua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki i nā keiki wolf ka loaʻa i nā nui o nā pākeke. Noho ka wolf maʻamau i 12-15 mau makahiki.

Pono ʻoe i nā ʻīlio a no ke aha?

No ke aha e pono ai mākou i nā ʻīlio, no ka mea, he ʻenemi kekahi kanaka. He pilikia no ka poʻe a me ka luku i nā holoholona. Noi koke aku ka hakakā o ka poʻe me nā ʻīlio hae i ka hōʻemi ʻana i kā lākou helu. Akā ʻo ka holoholona hihiu predatory, ka wolf maʻamau, he hana koʻikoʻi i ka paleʻana o ka pūnaehana ecological.

Pono nā wolves e hoʻoponopono i ka lehulehu o ka puʻupaʻa nui. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻo nā ʻulopeke kekahi ʻano o "nā ʻoka", no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā holoholona maʻi, ʻaʻole e ʻae nā ʻolio i nā maʻi e laha. ʻO ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā holoholona nāwaliwali kahi e hoʻopili ai i ke ola ʻana o ka mea ikaika loa.

Inā makemake ʻoe i kēia ʻatikala a makemake ʻoe e heluhelu e pili ana i nā holoholona hihiu, e hōʻoluʻolu i kā mākou pūnaewele e lilo i mau mea mua e loaʻa i nā mea hou loa e pili ana i nā holoholona like ʻole o ko mākou honua.