Kaunaele (ʻO Grad canadensis) ʻo ia ka mea nui nui i waena o nā cranes. Kakau ʻia kona helu ma nā manu he 500,000-600,000. E pālahalaha ana nā manu ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, Siberia Hikina, aia no kekahi kamaʻilio migranory ma Cuba. I kēia manawa, ʻike ka 6 subspecies o ka waiwai mokulele, ʻokoʻa i ka nui, ka laulā ʻāpana a me nā ʻano like ʻole.

Kāleka

Ua loaʻa kēia crane i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 80 a 150 cm, ke kaumaha o 3-6.5 kg a me nā ʻēheu o 150-180 cm ua pena ʻia i nā ʻano ʻano hina. I ka nui o nā wahi, i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, ke uhi ikaika ʻo ka ʻoka i ko lākou mau kino me nā ʻāpana o ka silt me ​​ka waiwai i loko o nā hao hao, ma muli o ko lākou pihi e loaʻa ai ke kala ʻula. ʻAʻohe mea hulu ma ka lei a me ka lae o ka maʻa, ʻo ka ʻili i kēia wahi he ʻano ʻulaʻula ulaula. ʻO ke koena o ke poʻo a i luna o ka ʻāʻī o ke keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha, i loko o nā ʻōpū manu manu nā keʻokeʻo e kū ana i nā papalina. ʻAʻole i haʻi ʻia ʻo ka dimorphism Pelekane ma nā moʻokāki ma Kanada, ʻoiai ma ke ʻano hui ʻoi aku ke kāne, e like me ke ʻano he nui loa. I nā manu ʻōpio, loli ka pala i ka makahiki mua o ke ola mai ka brown brown a hina i ka hina.

Mea ʻai

Sandhill Crane manu hānai maoli. I ke kauwela, ma ka Chukchi Peninsula, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kāna ʻoihana momona i nā hua shiksha, nā ʻula a me nā lingonberries. Ua ʻike pū ʻia nā mea ʻai ʻai a me nā kiʻi. Ma Alaska a me ka ʻĀkau Kūleʻa, i ka hoʻohui i ka shiksha a me nā kumulāʻau, ʻai ka ʻai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā kiʻī like me nā kiʻī, nā mea hihiu lele, a me nā mollusks. I ka hoʻoilo, ke kumu kumu o ke kōpana ʻo nā hua kanu i hānai huaola (ʻoi ka palaoa, bale a me ka palaoa), nā ʻili o nā manu e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā mahina i ʻohi ʻia. Ma kahi kīpili hou, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia kahi papa inoa o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu, a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, e komo pū ana i nā kiʻī i nā kiʻī, nā iʻa, nā reptile, nā bako, nā pepeke, mollusks.

Noho me ke ʻano

Hoʻolaha maikaʻi maikaʻi i nā ʻano kime hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻoili pālahalaha ʻana o nā kalaniona Kanada. ʻO kahi noho maʻamau o kēia mau manu he mau ʻāina wai wai me ka ʻike maikaʻi. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi nahele, nā pāpū hiki ʻole a me nā awāwa nāhelehe o nā muliwai a me nā loko, ma nā kula a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai, ma nā wahi nahele ulu. E like me ke kānāwai, ua koho nā cranes i kahi maloʻo no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pili, no ka mea, ʻo kēia mau wahi ka mea mua e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ka hau. ʻO ka maʻamau ka maʻamau o ka pā, a ʻoi aku paha nā wahi liʻiliʻi me ka uhi lichen a me ka ʻike maikaʻi, ʻoi aku, pono lākou e maloʻo. ʻOiai ma loko o nā kumulāʻau pīhoihoi nui, nā cranes e hoʻonohonoho pinepine i nā nests ma nā ʻuʻuku akā ua maloo a maloʻo paha.

Nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau a me nā hiʻohiʻona kula

Kahi liʻiliʻi (ʻoi aku ka keu ma mua o ka hina) me ka mau ʻēheu e pili ana i 1,750-1-1,950, he piʻi o 900-1,000. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kāne ma mua o ka wahine. ʻAno hina ke kala ma luna o ka ʻōpū. I ka mālama ʻana o ka hulu, ua noho a “manu” nā manu me ka pōpilikia hao i loko o ka wai, a ʻo ke kua o ke kahe i ke kauwela he ʻulaʻula ulaula. Ma ka ihu a me ka lei e ʻike ʻia nā pāpale ʻulaʻula ulaula. ʻO ka lele, e like me nā cranes ʻē aʻe, he pololei, ʻaʻohe palu, akā wikiwiki, me ka ikaika e hoʻopalulu ʻia ana i nā ʻēheu. Ua kū ia mai ka lepo me kahi holo liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā ʻohana cranes i kahi kalepa. Ua hele ʻo ia i ka honua i nā ala ākea ākea. Maikaʻi maikaʻi. I ka manawa hana, mālama ʻia lākou i ka pālua; hana lākou i nā ʻōpala i ka wā hele a me ka hoʻoilo. ʻOi aku ka mālama ʻana ma mua o nā hana hoʻokalakupua, e ʻae ai i kahi mea kokoke i kahi e pili ana i ka pūnana.

Ua ʻoi aku ka leo a ʻoi aku ka leo ma mua o ka hina hina, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka wā o ka unison duet. I ka manawa like, he palupalu a lohe ʻia ʻaʻole naʻe. I nā hipa o nā canan canan he maʻamau ʻole, "ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa nā mea hula."

ʻOkoʻa ka Kanada Kanaka mai nā hina hina a ʻeleʻele hoʻi i loko o kahi hina hina monophonic, a ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe he palahaluli ʻulaʻula kona. Ma ka ʻāpana o ko mākou ʻāina i ka helehelena, hiki ke hoʻokuʻi wale ʻia me ka Siberian Crane, kahi hiki ʻole ke kue me ka.

ʻO keʻano

ʻAukui. He kāne a he wahine i loko o nā kāhiko pakeke. Noho ʻia ka lae a me ka lei e kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻili o ka ʻili me ka setae. Pahu ke kua a me ka ʻāʻī, he hina hina, ke koena o ka plumage ka hina hina, ʻeleʻele hoʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke kino. ʻO nā mākele maʻamau, ko lākou uhi a me nā lei, ʻeleʻele, slate-hina. I ka hulu ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke kino, e ʻike ʻia kahi hue brown. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ka ʻā pinepine ʻia o ka plumage o ka leʻa me ka ʻālepika hao, ʻoi loa hoʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke kino a me ke poʻo. ʻAʻohe wā hanana a me ka moʻomeheu wahine i ke kala.

Kōkā iho. ʻO ka piko o ke poʻo, ke kua o ke ʻāʻī, ke kua a me nā ʻēheu he brown brown. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, ka umauma a me ka mua o ka ʻāʻī, me kahi hāpoki. ʻAno ʻeleʻele a hina hoʻi ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻōpū. He like nā lole o ka lua i ka mea mua, akā ua kūlike aʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Pahu me ka pale: ulaula a ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī, he poʻo hina ke kua o luna, a hina ka lalo. ʻO ka lole o ka hoʻoilo mua-hoʻoilo ke ʻano he nūnū, akā he ʻeleʻele ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo. Ua uhi ʻia ke poʻo i nā hulu hulu. ʻO ka lole o ka puna mua: he ʻāpana o ka ʻili o ka ʻili ma ka lae a me ka lei e hoʻomaka ʻia ke neʻe, plumage, e like me ka lole o ka pākeke, akā, ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke kino nā lūlū o nā pua ʻulaʻula e waiho ana mai ka lole o mua. ʻO ka lole o ka hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo ka lua: e like me ka mea ma mua, akā, ʻo nā hulu ʻulaʻulaʻula e mau ana mai ka lole o ke kahu hiona wale nō, ʻo ke ʻano o ka ʻili o ka ʻili ma ka lae a me ka lei i hoʻomau ʻia ka hulu, e noho mau nā hulu hulu mai ka lole o ka hana.

ʻĀnō a me nā ana

ʻO ka lele wōlū 11, wing formula 3> 2 = 4> 1> 5> 6, mea hoʻomalu 12. Hoʻopau: G. s. canadensis mai kekahele o USSR - ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu o nā kāne (n = 3) 520-580 (550), tarsus (n = 8) 188–228 (200), kulu (kāne like me nā kāne) 95-105. Hōʻailona nā manu o Alaska a mai Kanada: wing lōʻihi o nā kāne (n = 8) 442–498 (474), nā wahine (n = 13) 425-475 (447), kōniki kāne (n = 8) 90-1110 (96.4). nā wahine (n = 13) 82–93 (90.4). ʻO ka nui o nā kāne (n = 492) 2 950-5 730 (4 376), nā wahine (n = 592) 2 810-5 000 (3 853) (Cramp a Simmons, 1980).

ʻO ka honu o ka manu ʻōiwi he mau ʻanuʻu, ʻeleʻele a i ʻole tan, ʻo ka beak ka ʻōmaʻomaʻu-ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula i ka waihona, ʻeleʻele nā ​​wāwae, ʻāleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ka ʻili o ke poʻo. I nā manu ʻōpio, he hina nā iris i ʻulaʻula, me ka ʻukā a me nā wāwae, e like me ka poʻe pākeke (Walkinshaw, 1973).

Hoʻololi

ʻO ka ʻano o ka hoʻololi o nā ʻano makahiki he mau mea like me nā cranes ʻē aʻe: ka huluhulu mua - ka lua o ka lua - ʻono a me ka waena (waena o ka hoʻoilo-ka hoʻoilo, ka pūnāwai mua, ka lua o ka hoʻoilo. Hiki ke hoʻopau i ka Shedding a hoʻololi i kēlā me kēia. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lole lole downy mua e ka lua ma kahi hoʻokahi o hoʻokahi pule, ʻoiai ke kau nei nā fluffs o ka lole mua o ka lole o ka lua. ʻIke ʻia nā hulu hemp mua i loko o nā poʻohiwi a me nā poʻohiwi i 2 mau makahiki o ka makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lipi e mālama i ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka hoʻomohala piha o ka lole hānai e loaʻa ana i ka waena o ʻAukake i hala. ʻAʻohe ʻikepili pololei ma ke ʻano o nā loulou post-juvenile.

Pane ka hana piha ʻana i ka manu o nā pākeke ma nā wahi huna, ma hope o ka hano. ʻO kekahi mea ma mua, ʻo nā holoholona kīloi ʻole a melemona e hoʻomaka ana e hoʻoheheʻe. Holo nā hulu manu manuahi like ʻole, ma loko o 2 mau lā, a nalowale nā ​​manu i ka hiki ke lele. ʻAʻole i hele ka loli o nā flywheels, kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ulu hou nā hulu manu hou e pili ana i hoʻokahi mahina. Ke hoʻolei nei i ka lehelehe plumage, nā ʻoki a me nā pelika i ka manawa like me ka loli ʻana o ka ʻēheu.

ʻĀlelo Hoʻohui & Hoʻohui hou

Hoʻolaha maikaʻi maikaʻi i nā ʻano kime hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻoili pālahalaha ʻana o nā kalaniona Kanada. ʻO kahi noho maʻamau o kēia mau manu he mau ʻāina wai wai me ka ʻike maikaʻi. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā wahi nahele, nā pāpū hiki ʻole a me nā awāwa nāhelehe o nā muliwai a me nā loko, ma nā kula a me ka ʻāina mahiʻai, ma nā wahi nahele ulu.

Hoʻonui ka pālua o nā hīnaʻi Kanada i ko lākou pilina me ke mele pū kekahi, a hana maʻamau ʻia me ke poʻo ʻuli ma ke ʻano he leo kani melodic paʻakikī. Hoʻomaka mua ka wahine i ke kani mua a pane mai me ka hoʻōho ʻelua i kēlā me kēia kāne. I kēia hihia, hoʻopaʻa ka wahine i ka beak ma ke kihi o 45 degere, a kū maila ke kāne i luna. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo me nā hulahula ʻano hoʻokalakupua, kahi paha e kau ai, ke kiola, ke kī ʻana o nā ʻēheu, nā kīʻaha pōpoki o ka mauʻu a me ke kani ʻana. ʻOiai ʻo ke kanikani ka pili loa o ka male, ua manaʻo ka poʻe ornithologists he mea maʻamau kēia o ka hōʻike a me ka hiki ke hoʻokani i ke kumu hōʻoluʻolu ma luna o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a me ke kaumaha, a i ʻole ka kamaʻilio mare.

ʻO ka nūhou kahi puʻu liʻiliʻi o nā mauʻu a he mau lālā paha o kahi dwarf birch a willow ma waenakonu o nā mea kanu loloa a he mea paʻakikī wale paha i loko o ka pulu. ʻO ka mahele maʻamau kahi noho ma kahi awāwa, i waenakonu o nā pahale, akā aia kekahi manawa, ʻoiai loa hoʻi ma Cuba, hiki ke loaʻa pū ma kahi puʻu. Hoʻokomo pinepine ka wahine i nā hua ʻelua. ʻO ka nui hua hua he 9.42 × 6.05 cm. Hoʻomau ka wā male i ka 29ub2 mau lā. Noho nā pua i ka ʻēheu ma hope o 67-75 mau lā.

Nā Moho

ʻO nā Cranes mai ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka hoʻoilo ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, i nā moku o Kaleponi, New Mexico, a ʻo ia paha, ma Nevada (USA). ʻE manu lele kekahi mau manu i Mekiko. Hoʻāla ʻia ka neʻe ma ke kahakai ʻo ka Pākīpika ma ke komohana o nā Kaiā Pali. I ka pūnāwai o ke kahawai, hōʻea nā kolo i ka Pae Bering mai Seward Peninsula (kokoke i Cape Prince of Wales), lele i ka hema o ka mokupuni ʻo Ratman a hele i ka konitinika Hema ma ka hema. ʻO Lawrence, a laila hele aʻe i ka Mechigmen Bay a me ka Mechigmen Lowland.

Loaʻa lākou i ka Bering Strait ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 2-2.5 mano m me ka holo ʻana o ka lele ma kahi o 60-65 km / h. Hoʻomaka lākou e hāʻule i luna o ka Mechigmen Bay. ʻO ka laulā o ka lele lele ma mua o ke kai e pili ana iā 10-12 km, a i kona neʻe ʻana i ke kapakai - a hiki i ka 30-40 km. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻāina Mechigmen hele i nā kahakai o ke Kaiʻāina ʻo Anadyr a kāpae i ke kahawai ma waena o nā kahawai ʻo Erguey lāua ʻo Nunyamuyev ma waena o nā kahawai, e hana ana i nā ʻōpala nui i mau mau lā 5-7. A laila lele lākou i kahi e pā ana i nā wahi, e hoʻopili ana i nā awāwa wai kikowaena nui. Ke hele nei kēia ala huakaʻi ma ke komohana komohana ma ka Vankarem lowland a me Chaun Bay. Eia, hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā cranes me nā lele ʻenehana keʻokeʻo a, ʻike ʻia, e hele me Wrangel Island. E hele ana kekahi alahele ma ka ʻaoʻao kūkulu hema o ka Pae Chukchi a ma waena o ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke Chaun Bay a hiki i ka moʻolelo ʻo Kilama o lalo. ʻO ke kolu o ka hele ʻana o ka poʻe hele i waena o ka ʻāina ʻo Anadyr a me Parapol Dol i haʻalele iā Penzhinsky Bay. ʻO kekahi ʻāpana o nā kalakena ma o ke kahakai o Anadyr hāʻule i lalo i ke Kahuna ʻo Koryak.

I ka wā lohi, nā cranes mai lalo mai o Kolyma haʻahaʻa, mai nā pāpū ʻo Chaun a me Vankaremsk, mai nā kahakai o ke Kolyuchinskaya Bay e holo ana i kahakai o ke kai a holo i ka Palapalaʻu Bering mai kahi a Cape Dezhnev. Holo ka manu mai ke Koryak Upland a mai Penzhina awāwa ma ka Anadyr Lowland e holo ana i kahakai o ke Kaiʻāina ʻo Anadyr a kāpae ʻoe e hoʻomaha i ka ʻāina o Uelkal. Mai aneʻi, hele koke kekahi o nā manu no ke kai ʻo Mechigmen a hōʻea i ka Bering Strait ma ke ala o ka Penikala ʻo Seward. ʻO kekahi ʻāpana o nā hīnaʻu ma ke Kaiāwa o ke Kai ʻo Vankarem Lowland a hiki i nā kahakai ʻo Chukchi, kahi e pili ai me nā manu e lele ana ma ka huakaʻi kahakai.

ʻO ka manawa o ka neʻe ai ka pūnāwai i hilinaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ka pūnāwai a ʻokoʻa nui. I nā makahiki mai mua o ka pūnāwai, ʻike nā cranes i ka hoʻomaka o Mei, i nā makahiki anu, mai ka lua o ka makahiki o Mei. Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ka lā he 3-4 mau lā. Lele nā ​​Cranes i nā hipa o 1-2 i nā haneli he nui o nā manu. Ke lele aku nei lākou i kahi e pili ana i nā wahi ulu, liʻiliʻi nā ʻohana. Hoʻomaka ka haʻalele ʻana i nā wahi kanu i ka hopena o Iune. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka hele mua ʻana ma waena o ʻAukake 29 a me Sepatemaba 20 ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā Flocks i ka ʻōpū (Kishchinsky et al., 1982a).

Hoʻaiho

Ma ka ʻāpana ʻĀina, kahi nui ka Sandhill Crane i ka nui o ka biotopes ʻano ʻano o ka pā mele a me ka puʻu. Ma ka hikina Chukotka, ma nā kahakai a me nā ʻāpana o ka peni, kahi i noho ai nā kaheka o nā kahehaʻu mossy, nā ʻūlima i uhi ʻia me ka hummock bushy, a me ka uka mauna i ka ʻaoʻao o nā kahe o nā kahe o nā haʻahaʻa. Hāʻawi ʻia ka nui o nā kahe mub-sedge boggy tuberous tundra, noho nui ʻana o nā puʻu, nā lalo o nā awāwa, nā wahi o nā kahawai nui, nā wahi i hoʻopuni ʻia ai e nā puʻu. Ma ke kula waena o ka muliwai. ʻO Anadyr ma Chaun Bay aia pū kekahi i ke kahe o ka waʻu a me nā lunakahiko me nā mākele o nā ʻuʻu haʻahaʻa, a me nā ʻāpana keriki.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka awāwa, ka hiʻohiʻona ʻano maʻamau loa i ʻole ka puʻu tundra me nā hummock maloʻo ma ke kuahiwi. I ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka muliwai. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o Kanchalan ka pūnana i ka pāpū yernik-lichen-Voronichny i ​​nā kahe wai o nā kahawai i pihi ʻia me ke awāwa. Ma ke awāwa nui o ka palena o ka Kanchalan, ʻo lākou, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā uka i uka, mālama lākou i nā mokupuni, noho ʻia ko lākou mau wahi kiʻekiʻe i uhi ʻia me ka tundra moss-yernik. Noho nā Cranes i nā kūlana like i ka pae a lalo o nā muliwai ʻo Kūʻai a me Main. Ma ka uka ʻo Koryak a i ka peʻe wai. ʻO Penzhins ka nui o nā biotopes nui e pili ana i ka hummocky hypoarctic moss-sedge-yernik hummocky me ka willow low, funnel, rosemary, blueberry a me nā alder bushes i nā wahi o nā kahawai wai i kahawai nā kahawai, me nā wai haʻahaʻa a me nā kahe o nā puʻu a me nā kuahiwi.

ʻAʻole lele nā ​​Cranes o Kanada i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā kuahiwi ma luna o 400-500 m ma mua o ke kai. m a i lalo paha o ka wai i lalo o ka 25-30 °, nā wai kahawai a hōʻulu ʻia ka wai i ka wā o ke kahawai wai, nāʻu ʻōpala i hoʻopū ʻia e ka makani ikaika, nā wao a me nā awāwa wai i piha ka wō a me ka alder. Ma ka holoʻokoʻa, nā hale noho kūpono no ka pili i ka hapalua i ka hapalua o ka nui o ka kaina o ka Kanada ma Asia a he wahi āpana ʻo 55 tausani km2 (Vorobyov, 1963, Portenko, 1972, Kishchinsky, 1980, Krechmar et al., 1978, Kishchinsky et al., 1982a, Kondratiev , Kretschmar, 1982).

Hoʻopaʻa o ka lā, hana

I ka wā o ka nano i loko o ka ʻīlio kiʻekiʻe, kahi i kū ʻole ai ka lā i ka hoihoi i ka lā āpau, kūleʻa nā kuli Kanada i ka pōʻaiapuni. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia ka hana nui loa i nā hola wela o ka lā, a i ka pō, i ke kau anuanu, ʻoi loa ka puni ʻana o ke aumoe, ʻo nā mea lele, e like me nā manu tundra e loaʻa i kahi hana o nā hola 2-3. I kēia manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pinepine i nā cranes e kū ana. ka mea maʻamau ma ka wāwae hoʻokahi, me kona poʻo e hoʻomaha ana ma luna o lalo o ka ʻēheu. Eia naʻe, pinepine i ka manawa like, hānai kekahi mau cranes a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kā lākou plumage.

I nā wahi hoʻoilo, ma lalo o nā kūlana mālamalama maʻamau, huli nā cranes Kanada i ka hana i ke ao. I ka wā hana, ka manu i hoʻokuʻu ʻole i ka inkubation e hoʻopuni i ka pō, e like me ke kānāwai, kokoke i ka hano. I ka hoʻoilo, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻohana o ka puʻupuʻu no ka pō, ʻo ka maʻa mau i nā pāpaha palu poepoe a paʻa paha ka pinepine ma nā mokupuni, a kahi lākou e lele koke ai ma hope o ke ao e ʻai ai i nā māla a me nā wahi nahele.

Mālama ʻia nā “hula” o nā kalawai Kanada ma ke kauwela, i loko o nā ʻāina ulu, a ma ka hoʻoilo ma nā kahua hoʻoilo. I ka wā hana, ua komo ka "mau moho" i nā "hula", i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana a i ka hoʻoilo, nā manu manuahi, nā kāne, a me nā hui holoʻokoʻa. Hana ʻia nā “hula” i nā hanana like ʻole a me nā kumu like ʻole o nā poʻo hina, akā he haʻahaʻa a ʻilihune i kā lākou mea ʻike. ʻO ke kumu o nā "hula" ka mea kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i ka 3-4 m ka puha ʻana me nā wāwae wāwae, me nā ʻēheu e pālahalaha nei, a kākoʻo nā manu i kekahi manawa i ka lewa.Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine i ka wā o ia mau hiʻi, lele ka manu i ka 180 ° i ka lewa, me ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka wili i kekahi mau manawa. ʻO ka lua o nā pūʻulu o nā "hula" - nā kakaka a me nā pirouette ma ka lepo, i ukali pinepine ʻia e ka hoʻolei ʻana i loko o ka lewa pulupulu, mau ʻāpana a me nā lichens, nā pua liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā mea i waiho ʻia e hōʻike ana i ka "hula" o ka moʻo hina hina ka nui loa i ke Kanaka a i ʻole a pau loa.

Kūkulu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana kani ma ke kānāwai ma ke ʻano like me ka kaila hina, akā heʻokoʻa ia i ka leo a me ka kani o ka leo. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka leo o ke kiko, ma mua o ke "kani", ʻaʻole mele. Ma waena o nā hōʻailona like ʻole, kahi ʻokoʻa (ʻokoʻa) ʻokoʻa i hea aku, i ke hoʻololi ʻia ma waena o nā lālā o ka pālua a i ʻole nā ​​mea i ʻike ʻole, ka uwē ma mua o ka lawe ʻana a i ʻole i ka lele, kahi uaki laka, kahi uaki kūaka, kahi hōʻailona hōʻeuʻeu. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, e like me nā ʻano cranes ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka unison duo, i hana ʻia e nā lālā ʻelua o nā māla pā. Ma ka manawa like, kū nā manu, e like me ke kānāwai, kūlike i kekahi me kekahi ma kahi mamao o 2-3 m, ʻo ke kāne ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi unison duet ka mea ma mua o ka mua.

Kiʻī 53. Nā Crane Crane Poses
He manu lele ka lele, B he aina pali, C he unison duet, G nawaliwali ka nawaliwali, D ke kumua hopohopo, E - Z aloha poses, a he manu weliweli i ka palau, K he kannani kanikn kania.

Kahi ʻia nā ʻēheu o ke kāne a hoʻāla iki paha i nā ʻāʻī ma nā kihi, akā, ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ʻia, ʻaʻole i hāpai ʻia ka plumage o ke kino a me nā ʻēheu mākaʻi elongated, ʻā ʻia ua ʻāʻī a huli hou aʻe hoʻi, no laila he ʻano palupalu nāwaliwali, pana ʻia ke poʻo i luna, kuʻi ʻia ka lāʻau ma luna a huli hoʻi. I ka wā duison unison, mālama mau ka wahine i kona mau eheu i kona kino, e hoʻolōʻihi i kona ʻāʻī i luna, kona puʻu i kahi kūlana. Hoomau ʻo ia i kāna uē ʻana a pau ke kū mālie ke kāne. E like me nā cranes ʻē aʻe, he multifunctional ka unison duo a hana ʻia ma nā wahi like ʻole ma waena o nā panalāʻau a me nā kahua hoʻoilo, akā ʻo ke kumu nui ʻo ia ka hōʻailona territorial (Walkinshaw, 1973, Johnson, Stewart, 1974, Boise, 1977).

ʻO nā ʻenemi, nā mea pōʻino

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe maoli i ka tundra o Chukotka he fox arctic a me nā gull nui, skuas, a me ka pali wai. Anadyr ka ʻūke. ʻOiai ma ka maluhia o kēia mau mea noho ʻole, ʻaʻole i pōʻino, ʻoiai nā manu makua ka hoʻokuke ʻana iā lākou mai ka nalo a i ʻole nā ​​moa liʻiliʻi, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kumu hopohopo, loli nui ke kūlana a ʻo nā hua o nā hua manu ke lilo ka waiwai o nā mea kauhele. ʻIke ʻia nā ala o ka make o nā moa mai ka hypothermia. ʻO ka Poaching kahi pōʻino nui o ka nui o ka helu o ka mokulele ʻo Kanada, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka wā e hele ai ka wai a me ka wā lohi i ka wā e kipa ai i ka wai wai ma nā wahi āpau (Kishchinsky et al., 1982a, Kondratiev, Krechmar, 1982).

Ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻo ka mokulele Kānana kekahi o nā manu o ka mea a hoʻopili a lawe ʻia ʻo ia ma ke kānāwai ma Alaska a me nā moku ʻākau o Canada, kahi e hele ai nā kaila migratory o ka poʻe e noho ana i ka Soviet Union. ʻO ka huina holo ʻana o nā kalela Kanada ma kahi o 20,000 mau kānaka, no laila ʻo ka hoʻopōʻino ʻana i hana ʻia ai nā manu e hoʻopalapula ana ma ka palena o USSR.

23.11.2015

ʻO Sandhill Crane (lat. Grus canadensis) ka nui o nā mea ulu mai ka ʻohana cranes (Gruidae). Wahi a nā manaʻo like ʻole, ua hiki kona helu i 600-650 tausani kanaka.

ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka mahina ʻo Nowemapa, ʻākoakoa nā mea aloha ornithology ma ka Bosque del Apache National Reserve, aia kahi 150 km ma ke kūkulu hema o ke kūlanakauhale ʻAmelika o Albuquerque (New Mexico), e nānā i kahi hiʻohiʻona nui o ka hōʻea ʻana o nā cranes no ka hoʻoilo. Ma kahi puʻu lele e lele ai a hiki i 10 tausani mau manu.

He mau minuke wale nō kēlā ʻano nihi, no laila ʻaʻole aneane hiki ʻole ke wānana i kona wahi a me kona manawa. No ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi, ua kūkulu ʻia nā hale kiaʻi i kahi mālama, mai kahi kūpono i ka nānā ʻana i nā cranes i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. I ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi ke ʻike ʻoe i nā manu e lele ana no ka hānai ʻana a i ka pō wale nō.

ʻAno lawehala

He mau ʻelele nā ​​ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano. ʻO kā lākou papaʻai i kēlā lā i kēia lā, nā lau ʻōpio o nā mea kanu, nā aʻa, nā cereals, nā pepeke, mollusks, nā ʻōpū, nā kiʻi, nā baki a me nā mea liʻiliʻi. ʻO kahi huakaʻi hōʻiliʻili o nā cranes i ka māla palaoa a me ka palaoa ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe mahiʻai ʻAmelika.

Ke lele i ka lewa, pono nā manu nui e hana i kahi holo liʻiliʻi. Lele lākou i kahi laina kūpono, hana ʻana i nā ʻēheu ikaika.

ʻO ka manawa o ka neʻe i ka manawa holoʻokoʻa i hilinaʻi i nā kūlana climatic. ʻO ka huakaʻi lōʻihi loa ka lōʻihi o ka lele ʻana o ka manu. ʻO kā lākou huakaʻi ma mua aku o 8,000 mau km a kū aʻe ma luna o ke Kaiʻula o ka Pākīpika ma ke komohana o ka Pali Papa. Lele nā ​​manu ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2000 a 2400 m a ʻo ia ka wikiwiki a 60 i ka 65 km / h 30-40 km mai ke kahakai. I ka holo ʻana o kēlā lele lōʻihi, kū lākou no kekahi mau lā ma ke awāwa e hoʻomaha a loaʻa ka ikaika. Mai ka hoʻoilo, hoʻi lākou i ka Mei a i ka hoʻomaka mua o Iune.

ʻO ka kokoke loa i nā cranes e hoʻokokoke ana i nā wahi hana, ulu ka liʻiliʻi i nā ʻohana. Lele nā ​​manu ma nā kuhikuhi like ʻole i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā wahi maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻoulu.

ʻAno hānau

He mau manu monogamous nā hīna Kanada. I nā makahiki 3-4, hana lākou i nā kāne i male i hiki ke mau no nā makahiki he mau. Aia ka nīhou ma kahi pākū me ka nui o nā mea kanu kokoke i nā kino wai. ʻO kahi kahi o ka pūnana iho pono ia i kahi maloʻo. Aia ma kahi o ke kahe, loaʻa mau ia ma kahi puʻu.

Hiki i ka nūnē ke hana i nā ʻano like ʻole like ʻole o ke kaiapuni. ʻO nā twigs of willow a dwarf birch, moss a me ka mauʻu maloʻo e hele i kona kūkulu ʻana. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi mau kāne i nā lālā ikaika o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau e like me nā lako kūkulu. ʻO nā manu e nīhi nei ma ka pā wai a me nā ʻāhane e hana pinepine me ia, e waiho ana i ka lepo. I kēlā me kēia makahiki kahi kūkulu ʻia kahi pua hou.

ʻElua ka wahine i ʻelua o nā hua oval. Hiki i ka kala o ke aniani ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻeleʻele a ʻoliva paha me nā ʻulaʻula like o nā ʻano like ʻole. Hiki i nā kāne ke hoʻihoʻi i ka masonry no kahi. Hoʻomau ka incubation 29-30 lā. Hānau ʻia nā huaʻehā, uhi ʻia i ka puʻu ʻulaʻula kukui a i hana ʻia. I ka lā mua o ko lākou ola, hiki iā lākou ke haʻalele i ka nīnū a hoʻomaka e ʻike i nā kaiapuni.

ʻO nā hebedoma mua, hānai ikaika nā mākua i kā lākou pēpē, a laila haʻahaʻa ka lohi a me ka liʻiliʻi. Ma waena o nā cranes mai nā lā mua, hoʻomaka ka hoʻokūkū no ka meaʻai. Ma ke kumu, hele ka nui o ka hānai i nā hua ʻino a hoʻomau. Noho ka makua hānai a hiki i 9-10 mahina, ma hope o ka hoʻonā ʻana o nā pupu ʻōpio i kahi e waiho ai a hiki i ka wā i hana ʻia ai kā lāua mau kāne male.

ʻO nā hae o ka Sandhill Crane

ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā poloa ʻo Kanada ka ʻalopeke ulaula, arxic fox a me sku, akā naʻe ʻaʻole kēia mau holoholona i ʻai i nā manu makua, akā ma luna o nā moa, a ʻai pū i ka hua manu. Hoʻomaʻa pinepine ka ulu ʻōpio mai ka hypothermia.

He manu manuahi ka Cranes, akā ua ʻimi ʻia ʻia nō hoʻi.

Ua hoʻopau nō hoʻi nā wahi huki i kēia mau manu, ʻoiai ka wā o ka pūnāwai a me ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o nā kalā Kanaka, ua hāmama ka manawa wai no ka wai wai.

Akā, ʻoiai nā mea maikaʻiʻole, kūpaʻa ka nui o ka lehulehu. Manaʻo ia i ka manawa o ka heleʻana o ka paʻakū o Kanaka ʻaʻole e emi, akā, ʻo ia hoʻi, e lilo i mea nui loa.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.