ʻO kekahi o nā manu maʻamau ka mea maʻamau i ka ʻenekipiki. Aia ma Rusia wale nō ma kahi o 75 mau ʻano. I ka hiʻohiʻona like, ua like kēia mau manu me nā manu, akā i ka manawa like he mau hiʻohiʻona like ʻole. Hoʻonoho ka poʻe Ornithologists iā lākou me Charadriiformes. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i nā ʻano o nā pale ka mea maʻamau loa.
Mākou Kahu Pahu
ʻO kēia hulu i mea hoʻonaninani liʻiliʻi na nā mea mālama aku. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku kona nui ma mua o 27 mau grama. He paʻu kiki kūpono. He lōʻihi ia (a 10 cm), akā he mau ʻeleʻeleʻele, nā pōkole pōkole, nā wāwae o ka lōʻihi lōʻihi. ʻO ka humalulu o ka umauma, nā mea paʻa, ke goiter, ka ʻāʻī, ke ʻāʻī a me nā pāpālina kahi ʻulaʻulaʻula. ʻO nā lau ka lau i nā ʻāpana ʻāpana. Ke keʻokeʻo ma lalo o ka manu. ʻEleʻele-ʻeleʻele nā ʻēheu lele. ʻO ka hulu hulu ma nā ʻēheu ke kumu māmā a me ka hoʻopau ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka Sandpiper (kiʻi ma lalo) e hoʻololi i ka kala i ka hoʻoilo. Aia ka hue o kahi hina hina ke kua ma hope o ke kua, e hoʻomau ana ka lalo, a pohō ke kohu panina ocer kokoke i ka goiter.
ʻO kēia manu sandpiper he manu tundra. Noho ia ma nā panalāʻau e kū ana mai nā ululāʻau Norwegian a hiki i ka palena lalo o ka Lena. Hiki ke hālāwai i kekahi mau mokupuni o ka moana Arctic. ʻO kekahi manawa noho ka manu i ka nahele-tundra. He manu manuahi e hele ana ʻo Sandpiper a hele i Āpelika, ʻAsia Hema no ka hoʻoilo a hele i nā ala āpau a hiki i Tasmania. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻelele mai ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke Kai Caspian.
ʻO ka māi a me nā hua o ke kīhāpai
Ke hoʻi nei lākou i ko lākou wahi i mākaukau, ua mākaukau nā manu no Tokov. I ka wā o kēia manawa, hoʻāla ke kahakai, i mea e lele ai kona mau eheu, ʻā ʻo ia iā lākou. Kahi like kāna ʻoni ʻana i nā leo i hana ʻia e kahi ʻōpala. Kahi ʻia ka wahi no ka nano i koho ʻia ma lalo o ka lāʻau. Hoʻopili i kahi pōpoki manuahi i ka lua me ka mauʻu o ka makahiki i hala a he ʻoka liʻiliʻi ia. Hiki i ka lihi ke lau o nā lau o dwarf.
ʻO ka maʻamau he ʻehā hua i ka waiho ʻana o ka hulahula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo lākou. Akā pinepine pinepine e hiki i ko lākou waihoʻoluʻu ke hoʻololi nui. ʻO ka waiho ʻana o nā hua manu, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e kū ana ma ka hopena o Iune, a i ka waena a i ʻole paha o ka mahina e hala ana e ʻike ʻia nā wai kūloko. Aia i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake, hiki i nā moa manu piha me ka plumage, akā i ka manawa like ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lele. Ma mua o ko lākou lele ʻana, hiki i nā poʻe sandp i nā ʻohana like ʻole ka wā e hoʻohui ai i kā lākou ʻohana. Ke lele nei nā "lālā" nona, a hoʻomaka kēia pūʻulu hana hou i ka haki ʻana i ka tundra, e hoʻomākaukau ana no ka holo i ka hoʻoilo. Makahiki ka hāʻule ʻana o kēia wā ma ka waena o ʻAukake a kū mau a hiki i nā lā ʻo Kepakemapa hope.
ʻO ka hana a me ka hoʻonaʻa o kā sandpiper
E like me nā mea pale a pau o nā mea hali (a he mau manawa ʻē aʻe), he ʻaha kanaka i loaʻa kēia ʻano ʻano. E holo mālie nā manu a holo mālie a ʻaʻole hoʻi e kau. ʻAi pū lākou a noho mālie hoʻi nā manawa ʻole. I nā hanana liʻiliʻi, hiki i ka ʻoluʻolu ke kamaʻilio pū me kekahi i ka wā i kā lākou ʻaina. Ma ka ʻike o kahi kanaka, hoʻomau lākou i ka hana mālie.
ʻO ke kumu o nā meaʻai he pepeke. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā manu ke hopu i nā crustaceans a me nā mollusks. Makemake nō hoʻi kēia mau waders i ke kahe koko a me nā hua pā o nā meaʻala maikaʻi.
ʻO Waders Magpie
ʻO kēia mau hulu hulu he wāwae ikaika a he beak pololei lōʻihi. ʻO ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo nā hui ʻano maʻamau, akā he mau ʻāpana paha nā aniani o ka ʻulaʻula a iʻa paha i ka pala. Aia ma kahi o 4 mau ʻelele ma kēia subfamili, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻano. Akā i ka manawa pinepine aia ka pahie maʻamau. ʻO ka nui o kēia manu e like me ka hāpau. ʻO ia, e like me nā ʻelele o kēia subfamily, he beak elongated ikaika. I kekahi poʻe pilikino, ua hoʻohiki ʻia ʻo ia. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka beak e hoʻopili ʻia ma hope hope. I kēlā mau pahu kalapu e noho ʻākau, ua pōkole ʻo ka beak. Kūkulu ʻia nā ʻōpū ʻōpala i kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ke poʻo, ka ʻāpana o ke kua, ʻehā o nā ʻēheu a me ka hope o ka huelo. ʻO nā hulu ʻē aʻe he keʻokeʻo wale nō.
He wahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o kēia mau manu i lalo o ko lākou mau maka. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā manu ʻākau mai nā manu kūkulu hema e ka nui o ka puaʻa ʻeleʻele ma ko lākou mau ʻēheu. Akā ʻo kekahi mau mea hoʻokie hoʻomie, e like me ka ʻano o ka nohona o ko lākou wahi noho, hiki keʻeleʻele. ʻO nā mākaʻi o Lūkini e kaupaona nei ma kahi o 500 gram. Hiki i nā ʻēheu ko lākou lōʻihi o 26 cm.
Kālā
He “maʻamau ka“ Magpies ”a puni nā ʻaoʻao kahawai o ʻEulopa Hikina, akā ke kokoke wale nō i kēlā poʻe e alakaʻi i ko lākou wai ma ke kūkulu hema. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma ke kahakai o ke Kai Kūʻai a me nā Pale Baren. Ke makemake nei kēia mau manu e noho i nā wahi kahawai o Central Asia a me Western Siberia. Kamaʻāina ʻo Kamchatka i kēia manu ola. ʻAʻole ʻawi ʻia ko lākou wahi noho i Lūkia. Noho lākou i nā kahakai o nā kai o ʻEulopa (ʻĀkau a me Komohana), ʻAmelika, ʻAralia, ʻApelika, New Zealand, Tasmania. I ko mākou wahi kaiaulu, he manu kēia manu nā manu a hele i Asia a i ʻAulika no ka hoʻoilo.
Kaulana Kanawalu
Ua hoʻi lākou i ka home i nā manawa like ʻole, e pili ana i kā lākou hoʻomaka. Ua hele mai nā "kanaka maoli" o ka Lā Kūleka ma ka mahina o ʻApelila, a ma ka Kandalaksha Bay kekahi mau manu e pili kokoke i Mei. Hoʻi ʻia nā manu mai ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, a hoʻomaka ka hāloe. I ka wā hana o kēia manawa, lele lākou me ka hoʻōho nui ʻana, e huki ana i kā lākou beak i loko o ke ʻano kūwili. Hoʻokomo kā lākou ala i kahi laina kūpono. Ke kiʻi nei i kekahi wahi, ua hoʻi mai lākou. Hiki i nā "mau kāne" ke kau i kahi holo i loko o kēia holo. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia pūʻulu ʻana i nā pūʻulu, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ʻia i nā wahi paʻa. Hiki ke kuhi ʻia e kēia mau pāʻani i nā manu i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau makahiki, aia i kēia makahiki e ulu lākou. Ma kahi kokoke i ke kai Barents, ua ulu ʻia kēia hana ma Iune.
Hoʻonohonoho ka poʻe wadie i kā lākou ʻuʻuku ma nā kahakai, aia kahi pāpale me kahi ākea o ka littoral. Hiki i ke kapakai ke one, rocky, pebble, shell. Inā noho ka manu i loko o ka ʻāina kai nui, e koho mau lākou i nā kahakai o nā loko a i ʻole nā muliwai. Ma ka ʻaoʻao waena, ua ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa kau e noho ai nā mea kanu ma nā kīhāpai ʻole kahi kokoke i kahi ʻokoʻa.
Loaʻa i nā pelekane ko lākou pūnaewele a puni kokoke, kahi lākou e mālama ai. Akā, ʻoiai, hiki iā lākou ke pili loa i ka ʻaoʻao me ko lākou mau ʻohana. Sandpiper - kahi manu, i hōʻike ʻia e ka mea mua o ka hana o ka nano. No laila, ʻo ka "magpies" e hana i kahi lua i loko o ka wahi ākea a popo iā ia. He 3 mau huaʻai ka lālani, akā i kekahi manawa 4 a 2. ʻOi ʻia ka nui o kā lākou hua he 5-6 cm ka lōʻihi o lākou nā kukui o ke kala a he brown brown a ʻehā. Puhi nā mākua ʻelua me ka incubation, a pōmaikaʻi pinepine lākou. ʻO ka Hatching a lōʻihi i ka 28 lā.
Ma ka lā o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, ua waiho iki nā puff liʻiliʻi i ka nalo, akā ʻaʻole naʻe kahi mamao, no laila he manawa kūpono e kuhi wale ai i nā mākua. Pono nā manu e mālama i kā lākou brood. I kekahi manawa lawe lākou i ka meaʻai mai kahi mamao aku a no laila hiki ke lohi me ka hānai, a laila make ka brood mai ka male ʻole. ʻAʻole hiki i nā pua ke lōʻihi ke hānai iā lākou iho. No laila, he ʻekolu mau mākua e hopohopo no nā keiki pōloli.
Ua hōʻoia ʻo ʻepekema ʻepekema ʻo ka mea ua kuhi ʻia ke kiʻi ʻōpala (kiʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna) i kahi e pili ana i ka pā, a hoʻi mai ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo i kāna pūnaewele kahiko.
ʻAi ʻia ka poʻe Wader
He ʻokoʻa ka ʻai ʻana o kēia mau manu. Hiki iā lākou ke hopu i kā lākou mau pōmaikaʻi ma ka ʻāina, ka wai pāpū a kālai i kanu ʻia i ka lepo. No laila, ma ka papa inoa o nā Magpies he crustaceans, mollusks, polychaetes, caterpillars, nā pepeke a me nā mea ʻōhule. Inā hiki, hiki iā lākou ke hopu i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā pūʻai crustacean, hoʻohana lākou i kahi beak ikaika. Hiki i nā līlī liʻiliʻi ke lawe ʻia i loko o nā pōhaku a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā ʻōmaki e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ai ka wehe ʻana i ka mea pio. Inā lana ka mea i pio ma lalo o kahi hii, a hoʻoku ke manu a waiho i kāna beak ma lalo o ia. Ke kamaʻilio nei nā poʻe noho o ka ʻāina ʻo Orenburg ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka māla, holo pinepine ka wader-magpies i loko a me ka luku i nā wireworms.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka mea lole palaie Magpie uliuli
ʻOkoʻa nā mea i kapa ʻia i ka ʻūlū ʻana mai nā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui. Ma ke paona, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻea i 700 g. ʻO ka eleele o kā lākou plumage. Hoʻopili piha nā keʻokeʻo a me nā kukui māmā. Aia kekahi mau mele poloki i ke kala, ʻoiai ke kua o hope, lalo a ʻāpana o nā ʻēheu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka beak mai 6.5 a 8.5 cm hoʻi kekahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ʻo ke apo a puni nā maka o ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā wāwae ikaika nā melemele. ʻOkoʻa ka wahine i ka kāne me kahi beak a lōʻihi a me kahi kino paʻa.
Loaʻa wale ka Magpie ʻeleʻele i loko o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (kapakai komohana). Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema, alakaʻi kēia mau manu i ka nohona. ʻO ke kokoke i ka hoʻoilo, lele nā manu o nā ʻākau i ʻaneʻi. Noho nui lākou ma nā ʻāina kahakai kahakai a pale aku i nā wahi me nā lāʻau palaʻa.
Hoʻopuka
ʻOkoʻa kēia ʻano ʻano o nā pale i ka ʻohana, ʻoiai he ʻano kūikawā o ka beak. Aia kona hopena kahi pahuhopu e like me ka spatula. Paʻa pūnaewele kūikawā kēia. No laila, i ka wā e hānai ai, ua wehewehe ʻo ia i kona poʻo ma kahi ʻāpana a ʻo kēia manawa wikiwiki koke ʻo ia i loko o ka wai, e kahe ana ʻo kona ʻōpū. Hiki iā ia ke huli iki a huli i ka ʻaoʻao, e waiho ana i kāna "spatula" i ka wai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka eheʻe ma ka awelika 10 cm.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā ʻōʻō. ʻO kona wahi noho ai, ʻo Chukchi ʻāina, mai Cape Vankarem a hiki i Anadyr Bay. No ka hoʻoilo, hele kēia sandpiper i Asia Hema. ʻO kekahi manawa, i ka wā lele, pili ka manu i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā mea mālama manu. ʻOiai ka umauma i kahi ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia he nānā ʻino a kahili, no laila ke nānā mua ia hiki ke hilahila me kahi mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau. ʻAʻole nui kēia ʻano a ʻimi ʻole e hoʻolaha i nā ʻāina ākea, no laila aia ma nā papa inoa o ka Red Book of Russia.
Kūkū Sandpiper
He ʻano ʻulaʻula uliuli kēia mau ʻano pahu ʻulaʻula me nā hulu ʻulaʻula. Nā kui ʻeleʻele. He ʻulaʻulaʻula ka umauma a me ke goiter me nā kukui māmā. Kūpaʻa nā kaukani ma kahi o 100 g, nā wahine - a ʻo 72 g ke lōʻihi o ke kanalū - he awelika o 13 cm. Ua makemake ke manu e noho i nā tundra o Kanada a me Alaska. Hiki iā ia ke hānau i ka tundra Siberian (ʻāpana ʻākau), mai ke Chukchi Peninsula a i East Taimyr. ʻO ka mea hou loa, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka lele ʻana o dutysh i ʻEulopa, no laila ʻaʻole e hūnā ka poʻe ornithologists i nā manawa e hala koke ai kēia mau pēpē ma kona mau wahi komohana.
ʻO nā manu e noho ana i Siberia hele i Alaska i ka hāʻule, kahi e huli ai i ka hema. Hoʻolilo lākou i ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi mahana - ʻAmelika Hema, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile.
E hoʻi ana i ko lākou mau ʻāina, hoʻomaka nā manu i nā pāʻani moe. I waena o nā mea hoʻonaninani like ʻole ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia nō ka mea kime. Hoʻomaka ka manu i luna o kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a, hoʻonaninani ʻo ia i kona ʻāʻī, hana pū me he ʻāʻī ʻana. Eia nō kekahi, hiki i ke kāne ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi hana ma o ka holo ʻana me ka ʻāeʻi e kokoke ana i ka wahine. Me kekahi mau hana, ʻano like ia me kahi kākahu ʻeleʻele i ka wā o kēia wā. Ma hope o ke ʻano ʻana o ka pālua, e hili ka wahine i ke kāwili, a lele ke kāne i kahi ʻē.
Curlew
He ʻulaʻala nā manu nei i ka kala a loaʻa i kahi beak curve elongated a lalo. Akā ʻo ka mea nui e mahalo nui ʻia ai kēia mau ʻelele no ka mea ʻo lākou ka hapa nui o nā mea lawe. Hoʻokūwela ke kāne i nā pāʻani ʻoi aku ke kokoke loa i kāna mea i koho ʻia. Ma ka ʻāina, hoʻāla ʻo ia i kona mau ʻēheu, alakaʻi i kona ʻaka a iho i luna, hohola ʻo kona huʻu a piʻi i hope. Ke kūpaʻa nei nā paʻa i kēlā me kēia.
Koho ʻia ka wahi no ka nano e nā kāne. Ke ʻake nei ʻo ia i ka lepo, e hana i ka lua me kona mau wāwae. Kokoke i ka puka mua, huki hou iā ia. Ua koho ka wahine i kekahi mea āna e makemake ai, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo ia i nā pēpē me ka mauʻu. Eia, waiho aku ka wahine i hoʻokahi, akā he hua ʻoliva nui nui-ʻulaʻula me nā hākena brown. Ma hope o ka noho ʻana no kekahi mau lā, lawe mai ʻo ia i ka ʻōpala aʻe, a laila hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui hou i ka masonry me ke kolu a me ka ʻehā. Ua hana nui ʻo ia i ke kōkō. Ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ka pēpē mua, mai 26 a hiki i 28 mau lā e hala. Ke nānā nei nā mākua ʻelua i nā keiki. E mākaukau ʻo Chikiki e lele i ka makahiki he hoʻokahi mahina. Ma hope o kēia, hui pū nā ʻohana me nā keiki i kahi hipa hoʻokahi a hoʻomaka i kā lākou hakakā ʻana. No ka hoʻoilo, hele lākou i ʻAmelika Hema a iʻAmelika paha. E ala koke ka haʻalele ʻana, a kokoke i ʻAukake, akā e lohi paha kekahi mau kānaka a hiki i Kepakemapa. I kekahi manawa ma Kelemānia a me ʻEnelani, ua hoʻoholo kēia mau waders i ka hoʻoilo ma kahi o ka wā.
Noho ʻelima mau subspecies o curlews i ko mākou ʻāina, a he ʻewalu i ka huina.
Garnier
He pua liʻiliʻi nui kēia. ʻO kona paona wale nō he 60 karamu. Akā i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole i ʻae nā mea hopu he nui ka manawa e hopu iā ia, no ka mea, ua ʻono loa kāna ʻiʻo. Akā no ka poʻe ornithologists, ʻo ka kamaʻilio ʻana o kēia mau momi he mea hoihoi loa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i nā leo i kani ʻia e ka ʻōpala i nā wā mālie a me ke ao. I ka manawa like, hiki ʻole ke hopu i ke wahi e hele mai ai ke mele, no ka mea, e kahe nui ka mīkini hāpana a neʻe wikiwiki loa. ʻO nā leo o nā manu e pāʻani nei i nā pāʻani lawehala e like me ka hoʻopā ʻana ma ka pā ʻōkuhi: "top-top-top".
ʻOui Waders
Ma ko mākou ʻāina, he mea maʻamau kēia hulu manu, a, paha, he nui nā mea e ʻike iā ia, e hele ana i ke kūlohelohe. ʻO ka mea kahakai manuahi, ʻaʻole like me ka nui o kona mau hoahānau, he mea makemake nui i ka poʻe ʻimi, no ka mea he ʻono a me ka ʻono o kona ʻiʻo.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma lalo o kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe - "godwit", "nettigel", a i kapa ʻia kekahi manawa he "snail". I ka nui, ua like kēia manu manu like me ka manu puʻupaʻa, akā no ka mea e pili ana i ka beak, ʻāʻī a me nā wāwae hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui. ʻAʻulaʻula ke kala o ka kala ʻana. Ua nui ka wahine i ka nui, a ʻo nā hulu hulu. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka ʻili o ka ʻāʻī. Mai ka hoʻoilo, hoʻi ka manu i kā lākou marshes e ka waena waena o ka puna. Mai ka makahiki a lākou e kū nei lākou ma kā lākou kama'āina, akā hiki ke hoʻoikaika ʻia lākou i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ko lākou hale ma o ka maloʻo ʻana o ke kō. I kēia hihia, koho lākou i kahi ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, me ka waiho ʻole ʻana i nā koi he nui no ia. Mālama nā mākua ʻelua i ka hānau. Akā i kekahi manawa pale i ka pale a me ka brood. Makemake e hoʻoweliweli i nā manu ʻē aʻe a me nā mea ʻai manu, nā kāne ke hāʻawi i kona wahi i ka poʻe lawaiʻa. ʻO ka mea ʻāpono, ʻo ka makemake nui ʻole o ka poʻe i ka waiwai a ua hōʻea ʻia i ka wā i hoʻopau ʻia ai nā hanauna āpau o nā ʻōpū palapu.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO nā Sandpipers ua papaʻāina ʻia he mau charadriiformes, e hui pū ai i nā ʻohana 6. Wahi a ka nohona, hoʻokaʻawale nā manu i nā ʻāpana o ka nahele, ʻulā, ka mauna, ke one. ʻOiai ke ʻano like ʻole, ua hui pū ʻia nā mau pahu e nā mana ʻokoʻa i hōʻailona ʻia e nā ornithologists.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā manu i hoʻopili ʻia me ka wai; noho lākou ma nā kapa o nā kahawai, nā loko, a me nā ʻapu, ʻoiai inā he mau ʻelele o ka wao nahele i waena o nā ʻalāʻau - avdotki, nā nahele lāʻau - nā lāʻau lāʻau.
I ke kiʻi aia kahi mea ulana hulu
ʻO ka nānā ākea o ka sandpiper ka like me ka kaila o ka manu nunu i nā wāwae lōʻihi no ka hele ʻana i ka wai pāpaku, ka lepo lepo. Akā aia kekahi puʻupuʻu pōkole liʻiliʻi (lapwing, snipe).
ʻEkolu mau manamana wāwae ma nā wāwae, palupalu ka hoʻolālā ʻana. Inā wai ka wai manu, a laila e hoʻopili ʻia nā kumu ma nā membrane. Pāwili ka kino. ʻO ka lākole kahi pokole, ʻaʻole i nānā i luna. Ua lele kekahi mau manu iā lākou e hele ana.
Sandpiper i ke kiʻi paha i nā mea like ʻole. He maʻalahi ke kala o ka hapa nui, akahele. Ke lanakila nei ke keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele a hina. Aia nā kūʻokoʻa - kūlike i ka hoʻohālikelike i ka plumage a me nā wāwae o ka melemele, ʻulaʻula kala, no ka laʻana, ka pesie, nā pale, nā turukhtans. ʻAʻoleʻokoʻa nā pale o nā kāne a me nā wahine. ʻO Sandpiper e loli i ka plumage ʻelua i ka makahiki.
Sandpiper - manu manu. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kahi beak lōʻihi a maikaʻi loa ke kōkua i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka meaʻai mai ka pā ʻana o ka umu. ʻO ka ʻike maikaʻi, lohe maikaʻi ʻia i ka hana a nā manu ma ka pō.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kāʻei ʻana i ka meaʻai e pili pū ana me ke ʻano o ka piko o ka beak - i lalo, i luna a i ʻole hoʻi. Kōkua nā poʻe ʻono he nui e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.ʻO ka mea hana nui ka manu e hiki ai ke neʻe i ka pōhaku e loaʻa i kahi mollusk, ke kaupaona ʻana ʻaʻole ia he haʻahaʻa i kāna iho. Hoʻolā pinepine a kū mālie nā ʻēheu.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona, ka nui o nā pahu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā manu e hoʻohālikelike i ka 15-62 cm, ke kaupaona ke kau mai 200 g a 1.3 kg. ʻO nā mea āpau nā kānaka holo aʻa nui, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā manu e holo maikaʻi. Hoʻopau hou ʻia nā manu i nā kūlana hoʻopalike like i kōkua ʻia ka nui o nā wahi ʻāina ʻē aʻe, koe wale nō ʻo Antarctica.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā mea hana manu ma ka lewa he mau manu hopu ʻia. Hili ke ʻano o ka falcon i kahi panic e hōʻike ana iā ia iho i nā leo nui a me ka diving. ʻAʻole i pakele nā wai i loko o nā wai pāpū. Ua lilo pinepine ʻo Chicks i mea pio no nā manu hū, nā mea kuʻi, nā martens, a me nā ʻalopelo Arctic. Ke ʻaihue nei nā Skuas i nā hua mai nāu.
Ma kekahi mau ʻano ʻoi lāʻau, loaʻa nā wahine i nā ʻōpio
ʻO ka Ornithologists i hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea mālama 214 mai nā ʻohana 13. ʻOiai ke ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole i loko o ka Red Book, ʻoki aiki ʻo Curlew, a me nā iʻa puffer i ka ʻohana o nā manu hemo ʻole.
ʻO ke kumu nui ke ola kanaka: ka lepo o ka pāpū, hoʻomohala i nā wahi o kahakai. ʻO ka pilikia kau kao pio. Kekahi mau ʻano wale nō i ʻike ʻia no ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou wahi o ka hoʻoilina (stilt a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).
I waena o nā ʻano pahu kalaka, ʻoi aku ka ʻano like me kēia:
Nā akua. ʻO nā manu mālama akahele ʻoluʻolu loa. Nā wāwae lōʻihi, nuku e kōkua iā ʻoe e hilinaʻi ma ka palupalu palupalu, nā alapeke palaki, i nā ʻōpala maloʻo. E hui pū me ka manu ʻē. Holo maikaʻi loa, holo, holo. ʻO ka lole hoʻoneʻe e komo i ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo ka keʻokeʻo me nā ʻulaʻula ulaula.
Na curlews. ʻO nā manu ākea nui me kahi nuku nui i ulana ʻia. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o Sandpiper pono ia i kēia kikoʻī ka ʻike koke ʻia ʻana o ka manu. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pūpiki e hiki iā 140 mm. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu hina ke kala, kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hoʻonani i kahi huelo.
He mau holoholona hopu ʻo Curlews, akā ma kekahi mau wahi o ka ʻōlelo ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻalo ʻia lākou. Noho ia ma nā waʻa, nā kahawai. Maikaʻi maikaʻi. ʻO ka lele o ka manu, he wikiwiki, me ka huli koi. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, lele nā manu ma ke kalepa, he mea maʻamau ʻole no nā mea pena.
Nā ʻāpana pepa. Noho nā mea kanu manuahi maikaʻi ma ka tundra zone. He manu liʻiliʻi nā manu, ʻo nā wāwae ʻeleʻele paha. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā nui ma mua o ka mea palau, palapelu ke kumukānāwai. Hāʻawi nā maka liʻiliʻi i kahi nānā.
E mālama i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻuʻu puaʻa i ʻike ʻia i kekahi mau ʻano: ka ʻulaʻeleʻele ke keʻokeʻo, ʻenepeke. I ka pō, he ikaika nā pahu pahu.
Kūpono. ʻO nā manu liʻiliʻi he manu lōʻihi loa. He mea paʻakikī ke hui pū me nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe o kahi ʻoni. Makemake ʻo ia i nā wahi me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe: nā palaka, nā mākeke. ʻO nā ʻauʻau lawaiʻa nui, nā mea ʻokoʻa.
Noho nui lākou i ka ʻāina, akā lele maikaʻi lākou. I ka hihia o ka pōpilikia, hoʻoneʻe wale nā manu i ka wāwae i kahi wahi hou.
Zuyki. Nā manu ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi a pōkole pōkole. Holo lākou i nā wāwae haʻahaʻa me kahi paina mincing. He manu ʻumi ko nā manu, nā ʻēheu o 45 cm. ʻO nā pua o ka uliuli, keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ala i kūkulu ʻia i kahi kala motley, e like ʻole ma nā ʻano like ʻole: ke kai, keʻa ʻāʻī, paleʻelima.
ʻŌpala. Pahu ka poʻe noho o ka awiwi waena i nā ʻeke hina, i kekahi manawa me nā lepa ʻeleʻele a me ka keʻokeʻo. ʻO kēia kūikawā Lōpalae hoʻohiki nei ma nā āpau. ʻO kahi beak ka lōʻihi, nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe a me nā kino lahilahi e noho ana i nā alanui āpau. Loaʻa nā poʻe nui nui, ʻoi aku paha a hiki i 400 g.
Nā Plovers. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā mea hana huna e hoʻopili ʻia i ka wai. Ka poʻe o ka tundra i ka nui o ka manu nunu. ʻO nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe, ka beak liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele a me ka hina keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula. E makemake ʻo ia i nā wahi nui ma kahi e neʻe ai me nā holo pōkole a me nā pulu.
Turukhtan. ʻAe manu e pili ana i Sandkin Ua kū i waho me nā aniani ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻoili i loko o kēia ʻano i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā kala keu i ka wa e hoʻohuhila ai nā pua me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, uliuli, melemele, ʻulaʻula.
ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe he mea hakakā i nā ʻano kaua manu. ʻO nā hakakā, e like me nā mea roosters, he mea maʻamau i waena o kēia mau mea hoʻokele mua. ʻO nā kolu o Fluffy, kūpeʻe rapier, hoʻouka i ka ʻenemi a me nā puʻu lele i hōʻike i nā kiʻi hakakā o nā manu.
ʻAʻole hoʻoili ʻia nā ʻae paʻa i ka hoʻomaha maluhia ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻenemi hou nei.
Hoʻoikaika & Habitat
Ma ka ʻāpana o nā ʻāina āpau koe wale nō ʻo Antarctica, noho ka poʻe kahu honu i luna. ʻO ia ka poʻe manu manu e ʻohiʻulu ana i nā tausani he nui. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pēpē he nomadic, ʻoiai he mea ʻālunu hoʻi nā ʻelele.
E pili ana, ʻo nā manu he melratory a i ʻole. wahi a ko lākou kamaʻāina a me ka hoʻoilo. Ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nei i ka mahana, ka hemahema o ka meaʻai maʻamau i waiho nā kahu i nā mea maʻamau. Aneane aneane pau aku lākou a pau i ko lākou wahi.
Ke pani ʻole nei, hiki i nā mea mālama ke uhi i ka mamao o 11,000 km, e lele ana ma luna o nā kuahiwi, nā wao nahele, a me nā kino wai. Lele nā Siberia i ka hoʻoilo ma Australia, lele mai ka Alaska a ma Argentina hema.
I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, hana nā ʻohana hānai i nā ʻōpū nui ma luna o nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o nā kahakai. Ma laila, loaʻa ka manu i ka meaʻai e loaʻa ai ka ikaika no nā wīwī lōʻihi loa.
Ma Lūkia, loaʻa nā ʻano mea hoʻohana ʻokoʻa ma nā wahi āpau. ʻO nā zuiks liʻiliʻi, nā kumu lāʻau, a me nā pālani e noho ai ma ka Hikina mamao. Ma Primorye - ka wahi huna o nā akuawits, ke kahakai o nā kahawai mauna - kahi i hānau ʻia ai nā Ussuri zuiks.
ʻAʻole lele maikaʻi nā Waders, akā holo pū ma ka ʻāina, kauʻauʻau, dive. Nui ʻano o nā pale hiki ke kanu. ʻO ka hana a me ka ʻahaʻae ʻana, i ka hoʻopio ʻana, e lawe maikaʻi maikaʻi i ke kumu, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hānai home.
Hoʻopili lākou i ke kaiāulu hou, ʻaʻole makaʻu i kekahi kanaka, ʻano lākou a pane hoʻi i ka mālama. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e mālama i nā mea ʻāʻī ʻīwī i helu ʻia ma ka Red Book ua paʻakikī i ka paʻakikī ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana iā lākou.
Mea ʻai
ʻŌpala - manu nā hale kūʻai. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o nā manu i loko o nā ʻōpū o ka aquatic, invertebrate terrestrial - he mau kime kēia, nā ʻōpala, nā mollusks, nā iniseti like ʻole. ʻAi nā manu ʻōpiopio i nā ʻiole a me nā baki, nā ʻōpala; i ke kauwela, lilo nā ʻūhini i ʻahaʻaina manu nā hulu manu, a hoʻopili ʻia i nā nui.
Hōʻalo ka poʻe kahu wai wai no ko lākou waiwai. ʻO kekahi mau waders he mau mea kanu, e pili ana i kā lākou mau kanu, hua ʻai, a me nā hua. ʻO kahi mākaʻi pōpō maʻamau.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
E wehe i ka wā kauā make ʻana i nā lā ʻo ʻApelila. E hele pū ana ka make me ke mele hīmeni a ma nā hui nui. ʻO ka moʻomeheu o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kahi hoa hana i waena o nā pūʻulu o nā waders.
Eia kekahi, aia ka zuiks kai i loko o ka lewa me nā trills, a ma ka ʻāina ua hohola lākou i kā lākou huelo me ka mea kipa a alualu i nā wahine. Ma nā lapewings, ua hōʻike ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻololi koʻikoʻi i ke ala o ka mokulele. Lele lele nā curlews i kahi pōkiki a mele mele mele.
He ʻano ʻokoʻa nā pilina moe Sandpiper, ʻike ʻia i kēia ahua aʻe:
- monogamy - pairingi no ka manawa, kuʻi pū kekahi a mālama pono i ka hua. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka mare ʻana
- polygyny - ka mare ʻana i kahi kāne me nā wahine ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia kau, hoʻopau i ke komo ʻana i ka hatching a mālama pono i ka brood,
- nā polyandries - nā kāne male me nā kāne like ʻole, e ʻoki ana i nā hua ma nā moʻo. ʻO ka male kāne a me ka mālama kāne e mālama ʻia e nā kāne,
- kūlohelohe ʻelua - e kau ana i nā hua ma loko o nā moʻo ʻelua. I ka mua, ua hānai ka wahine iā ia i nā moa, ma ka lua - mālama ke kāne kāne. Hāʻawi ʻia ka kōkua i nā mea hana hou o ka pēpē.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Sandpipers ma ka lepo, hua ʻia nā ʻili ma nā lua me ka ʻole o ka ʻala. Hoʻokumu kekahi mau ʻano manu i nā nest asing i nā lāʻau.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā huaʻōlelo, kahi kino me ka mānoanoa. ʻOiai e hiki i nā pēpē ke hānai iā lākou iho mai ka hānau ʻana, hopohopo nā mākua no nā keiki: e hoʻomahana lākou, pale, a alakaʻi i nā wahi hānai. I ka hihia o ka pōʻino, pale maoli nā pale huna i ka pūnana a lele i ka ʻenemi.
I nā makahiki ʻelua, ua mākaukau nā aloole no ka moe ʻana. Loaʻa ka awelika makemake i ke ola i nā makahiki 20.
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻāina a me ka hoʻomohala i ka ulu ʻana e hoʻonāukiuki i nā wahi noho hulu manu, hoʻoweliweli e hōʻemi i ka lehulehu. Hoʻoweliweli ka noho ʻana me nā kānaka no nā manu, akā hiki i ke kanaka wale nō ke hana i nā kūlana no ka hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻana o nā mea ʻalā.