Kaheka Caspian
Kahi ʻano ʻepekema

ʻO Dolichophis caspius (Gmelin, 1789)

• Keliʻi ʻōlule Coluber
• ʻO nā mea hoʻopunipuni Coluber
• ʻO ka huaō Hierophis

Kaheka Caspian , a i ole nahe ʻoma-ʻoni (lat. Dolichophis caspius) - he nahe nui mai ka ʻohana o ka mea ʻokoʻa. Kahi ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao hema a me hema hema o ʻEulopa a hiki i ka ʻāina Volga a me Eastern Kazakhstan, a me ʻĀpelia Komohana. ʻIke ʻia ʻaʻole wale no kona nui kupaianaha wale nō, akā no kona ʻano hoʻonaninani keu, hiki ke hoʻouka i kahi kanaka a ʻalā i ke koko, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomohala wale i nā mea hou aku.

ʻO keʻano

ʻO kekahi nui o nā nahesa nui ma ʻEulopa: hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka pākeke ke hiki i 200 cm, i nā hihia lōkihi, 250 cm. ʻO nā kānaka mai nā mokupuni o Aegean e ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi loa - a hiki i 100 cm. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā male ma mua o nā wahine. Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo, me kahi kūhoʻi lapuwale, kahi huki iki mai ka ʻāʻī. Māhū iki nā maka me kahi haumana pōʻai. Hoʻoulu pinepine nā wahi ʻulaʻula a puni nā maka. He mahele ke kaupaona. ʻO ka kala o ke kino o luna ʻo ka mea ʻokiʻoki e hiki i ka ʻona ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele melemele, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula cherry. Aia heʻeleʻele, he aneane ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Mālamalama ka ʻōpū, a ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. Loaʻa nā wahi ʻulaʻula a me nā melemele ma loko o ka ʻōpū i nā poʻe ʻōpio ʻaʻole i loaʻa i hoʻokahi mika. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi lei poʻo hina a brownish-hina paha me nā wahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele ma ke kua. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ma ka 189–1111, mau pālua caudal.

I loko o ka palahalaha o ka nahesa ʻeleʻele ʻia, hewa kekahi manawa i loko o ka nahe Balkan (ʻO nā hierophis gemonensis) ai kahi mea ʻoki a loko mai paha. ʻOi aku ka pōmaikaʻi o nā ʻano o kēia mau ʻano a i uhi ʻia i nā pohaʻeleʻele ma ka kua a me ka ʻōpū. He hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī, nā poʻo poʻo concave mai luna mai. ʻIli ʻia ka ʻili Olive a loaʻa nā kukui maka ma ka wahi o ka maka.

Kahele

Hoʻonāhele ʻia ʻo ia ma nā ʻāpana a me nā hikina o ka puke ʻo Balkan Penace ʻākau a hiki i Hungary, hema Moldova, nā kihi ʻoka ʻo Ukraine, ka ʻāpana ʻĀpana o Russia a me Kazakhstan ʻaoʻao, nā republics o Transcaucasia, ʻĀkopa kūkulu ʻākau, a me Ioredane. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kikowaena kūʻokoʻa ma ke komohana hema o Turkmenistan a me Iran ʻĀkau. Aia i nā mokupuni o Andros, Kithnos, Tinos a me Karpathos.

Noho ia i ka hakahaka a me nā semiotop-arid biotopes - nā anuʻu, nā māpala, nā wina nahele, nā mea hoʻokūkū, nā puʻu, nā pali o nā pali a me nā kuʻuna, nā pali wai. I kekahi manawa holo i ka mahiʻu i nā ʻāina hānai - nā māla waina, nā ʻokiʻoki, ma nā pā pōhaku, ma nā wahi o nā hale, i nā ʻōpala. Ua make pinepine ʻia ma nā alanui ma lalo o nā huila o nā kaʻa. Ma nā mauna ua loaʻa i ka 1500-1600 m ma luna o ke kai.

Ke noho maʻamau

Puka mai ia i ka wā male ma ka lā Malaki a ʻApelila paha, i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ka honua mai ka hau. Holoi, me ia he kānāwai, i ke ao, akā, i ke ea wela, hiki i ka hana ke neʻe i ka pō. ʻO ka paʻa a me ka dodgy, e hānai iā i ka lau o ka honua, ke piʻi wale nei i kēlā me kēia o nā kahi o nā mea kanu lāʻau i ke kiʻekiʻe o 5-7 m. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā palahalaha pōhaku, nā kalaka ma ka lepo, a me nā ʻōpū mammalian e like me nā noho. Aia ka waiwai ma luna o nā rodents a hiki i nā poʻe gopher a me nā mea liʻiliʻi, i nā helu liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻōpū o nā amphibians, kekahi mau nāhelehele (ʻoki, efu, viper) a me nā manu (me nā hua manu). ʻO ka poʻe ʻōpio kūikawā i nā lizards a me nā iniseti - nā kauaka, nā mauʻu. Puke ʻia ka nui o nā mea liʻiliʻi, ke hoʻomake a nui ʻia, ke kī ʻana i ka lepo.

Ma ka hapalua i ka hapalua ʻelua o ʻApelila - Mei. Ma hope o 2 mau mahina, e noho ana ka wahine i nā hua he 5-18 o 45 × 22 mm i ka nui. ʻO nā makahiki liʻiliʻi e pili ana i 30 cm lōʻihi i ka malama o Kepakemapa. Aia ka Puberty i nā makahiki 3-4, i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 65-70 cm.ʻO ka make ʻana o ke ola ma nā wahi kūlohelohe he 8-10 mau makahiki.

ʻIke ʻia ka nahesa Caspian no kāna ʻano kūwaho. ʻAʻole ia e like me nā nahesa ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hoʻāʻo e peʻe mai kahi mea kokoke mai, akā ma ke kihi kaho e like me ka mea ʻawaʻawa a make ka pahu 1.5-2 mika, e ho'āʻo ana e komo i kona alo. ʻO ka ʻeha ka ʻeha, akā ʻaʻole i kau ʻia ka pilikia o ke olakino.

He aha nā mea like

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia nahesa he a 2 m, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano me ka lōʻihi o 2.5 m, a hoʻopaʻa i nā kiko kikoʻī e hiki i kēia hōʻailona. Noho ke kāʻei o kēia ʻano nui i ka hapakolu o kona lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa. ʻOiai ke lōʻihi o ka hoʻonani, ʻaʻole i nānā ka nahepū, no ka mea, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lapalapa o kona kino ma kahi o 5 cm. He liʻiliʻi ka poʻo o ka nahesa, me nā pale nui. He maka nui nā maka ʻīnika-ʻōpū me nā haumana pōʻai ʻole, ʻo ka iris o nā maka he ʻoniʻulaʻula i nā kala me nā wahi ʻeleʻele.

ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka nahesa ʻaʻohe iwi ireo. He ʻeke lau na wahi, me ka neʻe i ka pihi ʻihi ma ke kaʻe o nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.

ʻOkoʻa ʻē ka ʻāpana o nā unahi o ka ʻāpana o ke kino o ka nahesa.

I nā hui like ʻole a me nā aniani, hoʻokumu lākou i kahi hoʻolālā maikaʻi loa. O ka ʻōpū o kēia ʻano, ʻo ka nahesa, ʻo ka ʻoni, he melemone, no ka mea i loaʻa ai kona inoa. Loaʻa i nā poʻe ʻōpio kekahi mau lālani maʻa me ke ʻano hina a ʻulaʻula paha o ke kino o luna. Hoʻohui kēia mau wahi i loko o nā kāʻei liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e kū ponoʻī. Ma nā ʻaoʻao pū kekahi mau laina o nā wahi liʻiliʻi.

ʻ snakeleʻa ka leo ʻōpeʻoniʻu (Caspian) is the species representative of the genys Dolichophis (lat.), I.e. nāu nui mai ka ʻohana o like Ma waho aʻe o kēia, aia nā 3 mau mea hou o ka reptile e pili ana.

• Dolicophis jugularis,
• Dolichophis schmidti - nahesa ʻulaʻula ulaula.
• Dolichophis cypriensis - Cypriot ula.

Dolichophis jugularis - kahi i noho i nā mokupuni o ke kai Aegean, ka panalāʻau o Suria, Lebanona, Iraq, Israel, Kuwait. Aia ka ʻike ma Albania, Makedonia, Bulgaria, Romania. Makemake ʻo Poloz i nā wahi i waena o nā puʻu, nā mahina ʻai. ʻOi pinepine ka loaʻa ma ka ʻāina, ʻoiai e neʻe maikaʻi ma o nā kumulāʻau. Hōʻike ʻia ka hana kiʻekiʻe i ke ao.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻano ʻulaʻula ʻia me kona hiʻona pōkole, aneane ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula a me nā wahi i haʻi ʻia ma ke kua. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka nahe a ka mea makua i 2-2.5 mika. ʻO Dolichophis schmidti - kahe ʻulaʻula ulaula, ua ʻike ʻia ma kahi ʻano he kaʻawale ʻē aʻe ma mua, ma mua o ka lilo ʻia ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo Caspian. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui i loko o ke kala, ʻaʻole ia o ka ʻulaʻula wale nō, akā ke kua o ke kua o kēlā pale, ʻo nā maka. Noho nui ia ma Turkey, Armenia, Turkmenistan, ka Caucasus, ka ʻĀkau o Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Dagestan.

Loaʻa ka nahe i nā kahawai me nā pala mākeke, ma loko o nā lāʻau, ma nā puʻu kuahiwi a hiki i 1500 m ke kiʻekiʻe he hūnā ia i nā ʻuʻuku o nā rodents inā he mea pōpilikia, akā hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia me nā kīkī i ka ʻāʻī, nā pōpoki hōʻeha. ʻO Dolichophis cypriensis - Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nahe cypriot e kahi ʻoliva, ʻulaʻula hina a me nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo ma ke kua. Kūpono mau ʻia ka huelo, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona. Ua ulu ia i 1-1.15 mau mika. Noho ka nahesa i kahi kuahiwi, nani maoli ma luna o nā paia sheer.

Hōʻike ka inoa o ka nahesa i kona wahi. ʻIke ʻia kēlā me kēia kala e ka melemele-i ke kiʻi. He mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau me nā hoahānau pili kokoke a mamao: ʻike maikaʻi loa, ke kiʻekiʻe wikiwiki o ka neʻe, ka wikiwiki koke.

Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻula a me nā wahi noho

Ka ʻōlapa ʻōpiopio ʻoki ʻo ia ka manu hihiʻo, he kino ʻoluʻolu loa a me kahi ʻāpana o ka lōʻihi. Hoʻololi ʻia ke poʻo melemele i ke kino, nā maka nui loa nā maka me kahi haumana o ke ʻano pōʻai. ʻO kēia mau nāhelehele i ulu maikaʻi ʻia nā maka o ka ʻike, i hui pū ʻia me ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe, e lilo lākou i mea maikaʻi loa.

ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā lunamaka o kēia ʻano ʻano me ka nui loa o nā nahesa e noho nei a puni ʻEulopa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka mea waena ma kahi o 1.5-2 mau mika, eia naʻe ke ʻike ʻia nei nā Spimensensia kona lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ʻekolu mau mika.

Inā ʻoe e nānā i nā kiʻi like ʻole o ka melemele i ʻālapa ʻia, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka nui o nā pākeke: like ka ʻōpū o luna ke kino hoʻokahi i loko o ka ʻulaʻula, ʻoliva a i ʻole ʻoniʻoni ʻeleʻele nā ​​pihi, he nui nā wahi hope, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau lālani. ʻO ka ʻōpū me kahi kala keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula maʻamau me nā wahi ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ​​ʻeleʻele paha.

Ma ka laulā, kēlā me ke kala o nāʻokoʻa like ʻole e kūlike i ka wahi a me ka wahi i kau ʻia. ʻO ka noho ʻana o kēia mau nāhelehele e piʻi aʻe a kokoke i ʻEulopa. I kēia wā, aia nā hapa nui o lākou i ka Pana Balkan, ma Asia Minor, ma Moldova, i waena o nā ʻāpana o Ukraine, nā ululāʻau o Transcaucasus a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.

E makemake aku i nā papa hele melemele, nā pahu-semi, nā heihei ma nā alahele, nā pali pōhaku a me nā ʻāina maloʻo he paʻakikī nā ke komo ʻana o nā kānaka. Ma ke ʻano he hanana manawa kūikawā o ka makahiki ka hiʻona koʻikoʻi, hiki ke hele i ka melemele i hele a hiki pololei i ke kahawai wai o nā kahawai a puni nā wahi i nā kahawai. Ua komo pinepine ke ʻano iʻa i loko o nā pā hale e noho ana i ka iʻa o ka pāʻai e ʻohi ai i nā hua a i ʻole e kali i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.

Hiki iā ia ke hoʻonohonoho pono iā ia iho i kahi hoʻomaha no ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā hepuna a me ka mauʻu holoka, akā ʻo kēia manawa hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma laila i liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi. Hiki i kahi puʻupuʻu no ka waʻa melemele ke pohō i ka lepo, kahi pali iʻa ma ke kahawai o ke kahawai, kahi lua paha a i ʻole he hakahaka o nā manu i loaʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa.

Hoʻopili pili ke melemele i ka hale ona, no laila ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau e haʻalele iā ia e waiho i kona mau keʻena i ka wā lōʻihi, e hoʻi ana ma laila mai kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi no ka waiwai pio. Hiki pinepine ke loaʻa i nā wahi o nā wahi o nā hale kahiko, nā māla waina a hiki i nā wahi mauna i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻelua mau kaukani mika. Ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e hoʻokau ma kahi kokoke i nā wai wai, ʻaʻole naʻe no ka mea makemake i ka ʻauʻau ʻana, akā no ka mea aia ka nui o ka hiki i ka nui.

Mea ʻai

Loaʻa i nā nahele ʻulaʻula-ʻōpiopio ke ʻano wikiwiki, ʻike maikaʻi, neʻe wikiwiki lākou - ʻo kēia mau ʻano i lilo i poʻe lawaiʻa maikaʻi. Huli loa lākou i kā lākou ʻai pio ʻaʻole e hiki ke kahe ʻōpala a i kahi lāʻau koʻikoʻi ke pakele. Hiki i ka melemele ke hoʻohana i kāna kai ola i kekahi lua.

ʻO ka nui o ka reptile e hāʻawi iā ia ka manawa kūpono e ʻai ai i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi wale nō, akā no ka hoʻopau ʻana iho i nā hamsters a pau, nā pū ka ʻāina, nā manu a me ko lākou mau hoahānau. ʻAi pū lākou i nā ʻūhini, ʻo nā mākaʻi, ke ʻauʻau ʻana i ka ahiki, ka ʻalā, a me ka hānai ʻana i ka nalo o nā manu.

Holo ka ʻili i luna o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, ke kali nei i ka mea i kuʻi i ka ʻōhini, hoʻokō ʻana i nā lālā, e lele ana i ka waiwai. ʻO ka ʻuʻana o kahi panaahi, hiki iā ia ke hopu a ʻai i kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻeha nui. ʻO nā mea kikoʻī e hopu ana:

1. e hopu me ka mea pio
2. e hui pū me kou kino a laila e hoʻokaʻawale,
3. hauʻoli i kāu papaʻaina.

ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ana i nā ʻimi kūleʻa no ka nahesa.

ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i nā moʻo ʻoniʻoni melemele

I ka wā hoʻouluulu, loaʻa nā ʻōlani melemele a me nā ʻāpana ʻelua. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka hana ʻana, ua paʻa ke kāne i ka wahine ma ka ʻāʻī me kona mau ʻāʻī. I kēia manawa, nalowale nā ​​nahesa i kā lākou mālama maʻamau.

4-6 mau pule ma hope o ka moe ʻana, e waiho ana ka wahine i 6-6 mau hua. Hana ʻia ka Masonry i nā ʻalā a me nā hoki o nā lāʻau. I nā makahiki he 3-4, hoʻomaka ka ʻekepeke a me ka ʻololei. A noho lākou i ka nahelehele no kahi 7-8 makahiki.

ʻO nā ʻenemi maoli o nā nahesa ʻoniʻoni ʻole i nā ʻalopeke, nā martens a me nā manu nui. ʻO ka make pinepine ʻana i lalo o nā huila o nā kaʻa, eia ua mea ʻole ka nahesa me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana a me nā kuʻi ʻana o ka manacing.

Ma muli o ke ʻano ikaika o nā ʻīlio melemele-polū, hoʻokūkū lākou i nā mea ʻole i ka poʻe. No ka alakaʻi ʻana i nā naheka i kahi ola wehe, nā poʻe pinepine e luku iā lākou. ʻO ka pōʻino o ka lehulehu ka mea i ka ʻāʻī ʻana i nā ʻāina pāhuhū a me ka hoʻoulu holoholona ʻana, ka mea e hoʻopau ai i ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā nahesa. I ka pili ʻana o kēia mau kumu, hoʻomaka ka nui o nā ʻanoʻano i ka hoʻomau mau ʻia, akā i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā nahe ʻeleʻele i ʻōwili ʻia.

ʻO nā nahele ʻeleʻele hoʻi, e like me nā nahesa ʻē aʻe, e mālama pinepine ʻia i nā hoʻoweliweli. ʻO ka poʻe i huki ʻia i ka mua i lilo i loko o ka noho pio ʻana me ka maluhia loa, akā maʻalahi ka hana i nā kūlana ola hou a lilo i mea paʻakikī loa.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Dagestan, ka ʻohana pili pili nui o kēia ʻano a ola - ka nahesa ʻulaʻula. He ʻula ʻulaʻula, nā ʻōpū a me nā maka o ke kala like.

ʻBellelo ola a me ka ola pā

ʻO ka ʻoni a i ʻihi ʻole, ʻoiai ke ʻano o nā mea ʻole a me ka palekana no ka poʻe, ʻaʻole naʻe i ʻokoʻa i ko lākou ʻano aloha. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kahi wikiō e pili ana i ka iʻa iʻa i loko o ka Pūnaewele i hiki ke loaʻa i kahi manaʻo o nā mea hiki a me ka lokomaikaʻi o kēia ʻuhane nui.

Ke kamaʻilio nei ʻo ia i kahi kanaka i ka hihiu, ʻaʻole i makemake mau ʻia ka iʻa melemele e hoʻopalike iā ia. I ka manawa pinepine, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻāʻī i kahi ʻano o ke kiko, aʻo ka hāpai ʻana o ke alo i mua o ke kino a ke hāmama ana i kona waha, e hoʻāʻo ana e huki i kahi kanaka me ka leo nui.

I ka manawa like, hana ʻo ia i nā puʻupuʻu a me nā ʻāʻā i luna o kona hoa ponoʻī, e neʻe pinepine ana i kēlā me kēia wahi, a e like paha me ke lele ʻana e nāhe. Kuku Uihui Kahuʻulaʻula a hiki iā ia ke hana i ka lele wikiwiki i kahi mamao eʻoi aku i ka hoʻokahi mika, e hoʻouka ana i kahi kanaka i ka alo maka.

ʻOkoʻa nā kaila melemele i ka hapanui o nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ke aupuni ahaline i kona ʻuʻuku a me nā haunaele. Ka ʻohe nui loa ka nahesa a he dexterity ia mau mea, no laila e paʻakikī loa ia.

A he mea ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha i nā pōpoki, kahi mea i hōʻeha ʻia i nā kānaka, no ka mea, aia ka nui o nā niho koʻikoʻi i ka waha o ka nakahi, kūlou i hope.

Hōʻailona nā ʻōiwi o nā niho melemele i ka ʻeha, a inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e huki iā ia ma hope o kekahi manawa i ka wā o ka lawoʻa, a laila hiki aku ʻoe i ka maʻi o ke koko. I kahi hihia o kahi koka, pono e mālama koke ʻia ka lāʻau hōʻili ʻana me kekahi mau antiseptic a laila hāʻawi i ke kōkua olakino i ka mea nāna.

I nā kauwela wela, hiki i nā nāhelehe ke hoʻomoʻi i ka lā, a ma hope o ka wā e lilo nui ai lākou ʻekepī ʻōwili ʻōwili ʻōlani a hana aku i nā hana ʻōpio ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka piʻiʻana o ke ea wela o ke kino, ke hoʻololi nui nei o ka pakanui o ka iʻa i loko o ka pipi i loko o ka pipi.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

Mālama ʻia nā hua pā melemele i nā lā hope o Iune. Ma kahi kikoʻī i kahi, mai ka ʻeono a i iwakālua paha hua, he mau keiki i ulu mai ke kauwela o ke kauwela a ka hāʻule.

ʻAno nā liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili melemele no laila, ʻo ia ke hiki iā ia ke lilo i nāhele manu a nā ʻenemi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke ola ʻana i ke ola ma ka ihu he ʻewalu paha a ʻeiwa mau makahiki.

ʻO ka hānai ʻana a me ka hana hou o ka Crimean melemele-bellied

ʻO ke kūlohelohe, ʻai kēia reptile i nā ʻano iniseti like ʻole, a ʻo kā kāna papaʻai, ʻaʻole i like ʻole. I ka home, pono e hānai i ka yellowfin me nā ʻōpala ʻōwili, i nā pōpoki, nā kiʻi hou, nā manu liʻiliʻi, nā hua momona a me nā mea kanu. Hiki paha ke leʻaleʻa ka leʻaleʻa holoholona i nā lizards a i nā nāhelehele paha.

ʻO ka hana hou o ka momona momona e koi ai i kahi ʻahaʻaina lōʻihi kahi, kahi i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e ka mālama mau ʻana o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka terrarium. ʻO kēlā mau moeʻuhane e hiki i nā mahina he nui. Ma kahi o Iune a i Iulai paha, hiki i kahi wahine melemele ke waiho i kahi o hoʻokahi mau hua o ka nui o ka nui o ka nui a me kekahi ʻano. ʻO ka wā hatching ma waena o 30 a 45 mau lā a pono e hele mai ma ka manawa nanona o ke koʻo 30 ° C.

Nā hiʻohiʻona home

I ka pio, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā hoʻololi like me ka melemine-pusik e pili ana i kona ʻano. No laila, no ka laʻana, ʻoiai ke ʻano ʻōpiopio o nā ʻōpiopio, ke hoʻololi nei lākou i ke kala melemele-hina i ka mea i ka aniani a i ʻole ke kala keleawe. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi o ka līkī ʻaʻole i hōʻike i ke kūlohelohe kūlohelohe i ka mea nona, ʻoiai me nā ʻōpū ikaika a me ka nui o ke kino kūpono.

ʻO ka manaʻo no ka ʻākala ke melikele he ʻawaʻawa loa ʻole. Aia kēia kope ma ka palena o ka hoʻopau ʻana a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻia ma ka Red Book o Ukraine no ke kumu maʻalahi i ka maʻamau pinepine ia no ka mea hoʻohiki maikaʻi ʻana a me ka make.

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he pālahalaha nui ia me nā wāwae i hoʻololi ʻia, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā kaula longitudinal kūikawā i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino. He ʻoluʻolu ʻia e kēia hiʻohiʻona, me ka ʻike ʻole o nā niho a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pūhaka, i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kanana melemele mai ka hoʻomaha, e hōʻike ana i kahi hoʻoweliweli maoli, nā reptile.

ʻO ka ʻuhane a me nā mea nakahi, he like ʻole, akā ʻo kēia wale nō ke nānā mua. Ka mea i ʻike ʻia he nui o nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau reptile. He aha kā lākou ʻokoʻa? He aha nā ʻano o nā kaila loea? Heluhelu e pili ana i ka ʻatikala.

Ka wehewehe haehae

ʻO nā lizard legless, e kamaʻilio ʻia ma ka ʻatikala, he ʻano like me nā nahesa. ʻAʻohe o lākou wāwae. Paeleʻole ka makaʻala o lākou. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia mau reptiles i kahi kaola o ka lalo: make ka hapa o ka manawa i ka ʻāina. Me ke kōkua o kahi poʻo i ka nānā like me ka ʻoki, a hoʻomaikaʻi pū kekahi i nā neʻe ʻana o ke kino, hana lākou i nā holo heʻe i ka lepo malū. E hānai nā manu kīleʻa palupalu i nā mea inikini, me nā mea pūlohelohe.

ʻO kēia mau reptile he ovoviviparous. I ka manawa hoʻokahi, hiki i ka wahine ke lawe mai i mau anakika, ʻoi aku ka nui - ʻaʻole iʻoi aʻe ma mua o ka ʻehā. Kūpono nā Lizards i ka wā akomi ma ke ʻano he ʻekolu makahiki o kona mau makahiki.

Nā ʻokoʻa mai nā nahesa

Ke loaʻa nei i kahi kīlaha kīnā ʻole, lawe pinepine ka poʻe iā ia no kahi nahesa a hoʻāʻo e pepehi i ka holoholona. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, nā mea like o nā reptile: nā alua a me nā nahesa nā lua i pae ʻia ma muli o ke twisting o ke kino. Eia nō naʻe, inā e nānā pono ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa ākea i waena o nā ʻano ʻelua o nā reptile. E noʻonoʻo i ka ʻokoʻa ma ka hiʻohiʻona o nā lepili ʻelua: spindle a me yellowfin.

ʻO ka mea mua, ua neʻe aku lākou i nā kūpeʻe maka, ʻoiai e ulu pū ana lākou i nā nahesa, a laila hana ʻia i kahi uhi palekana i nā maka. Loaʻa i nā liziliona ka puʻuwai pepeiao, aia ma hope o nā lālā o ka hihiʻo. ʻAʻohe o nā Snakes.

ʻO ka lua, paʻa ke poʻo a me ke kino i nā reptile ma nā ʻano like ʻole. Inā ʻaʻole ka liʻiliʻi ka ʻili a me ka melemele i ka ʻāʻī, a laila i nā nahesa ua ʻōlelo ʻia lākou.

I nā lizards, ʻo ka hapa hema a me nā ʻākau o nā ʻāʻī he nui loa ka paʻa o ka hono, a ma kahi o kēia mau holoholona, ​​he kāʻei poʻohiwi poʻohiwi.

Laau lāʻau

ʻO ka līlū manu kīnā ʻole (spindle whale) hānai i nā mollusks, earthworms a me nā pepeke pepeke. Mālama ia i ka mea pio me nā niho maʻa, kū i hope. Mahalo i kēia, waiho mau nā palaka ʻeke a me ka slugs i ka reptile i loko o ka waha. Hoʻopili ka līlī i ka meaʻai ma kēia: ke kāʻili iki nei i ka neʻe ʻana, e neʻe ana i kona poʻo i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole. Inā hoʻopili ka wī i kahi mea a ʻaʻole e haʻalele i ka mart eart, a laila e pololei ka ʻū i ke kino a hoʻomaka i ka huli ʻana i kahi ʻaoʻao. I kēia ala, waimaka ʻo ia i kahi o ka hana. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā snails, e huki lūlū nā reptile i nā mollusk mai kahi keʻena, ma mua o kahi e waiho ai kona poʻo ma ka waha o ka pūpū.

Koi Kahe ʻana

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻohana spindle i kahi nui o nā ʻano manuahi. Aia i kahi o nā haneri o lākou. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kiʻīwī i nā ʻāpana manuahi i hōʻike ʻia ma kēia ʻatikala. Ma kēia e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kekahi o nā ʻelele kaulana loa o ka ʻohana - kahi ʻōpala paʻakikī. Ma ke ala, nā palahe mohai kīnā ʻole a me nā ʻāpana - ʻaʻole nā ​​mea like. Aia kahi ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o lākou: no ka laʻana, he lapalapa auditory nā pūkuniahi a me nā pā pana kino.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o kēia mau reptile ke loaʻa i 45 mau kenimika. ʻO nā hapakolu ʻelua o ko lākou kino he wīwī hāpū i hoʻololi ʻia. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka palena ma waena o ke kino a me ka huelo a kokoke i ʻike maka ʻole ʻia ka maka ʻili. E hoʻoikaika ʻia nā unahi holoholona me nā papa iwi. Kuhi pinepine nā ʻōuli i ka hina a ʻulaʻula paha me kahi kāʻei keleawe. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau kanaka albinos, ʻo ia hoʻi me nā melanist, nona ke kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. Ua kuhi hewa maoli nā kima i kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, no ka wā ʻōpio kekahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ko lākou kala i ke kino i ʻelua ʻāpana: ʻona a me ke gula. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me kahi palupalu i nā nahele. Ma kekahi manawa e kahili ana i nā māla a me nā māla. Eia kekahi, hiki i kēia reptile keʻauʻau, no laila ke nānā ʻia i kahi kokoke i nā kino wai.

Kahi-pusik

ʻO ka līlani melemele lepaʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo capercaillie. He reptile nui kēia, ʻo kona lōʻihi a hoʻokahi hapalua mika. ʻO ka yellowfoot ka pīpī maʻemaʻe ʻole. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā koena o nā wāwae ma nāʻaoʻao ʻelua e kau ana ma nā kihi o ka cloaca. Ua hōʻike nui ʻia lākou i nā kāne makua. ʻO nā Reptile nā ​​pili o ka genap Carapace Spindles.

ʻO ka ʻano like o nā mea pilima: penei he kino lōʻihi lākou, pale ʻia e nā unahi i hoʻohui ʻia. Lawelawe lākou he anga. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino ka ʻili. ʻElua o lākou. Hoʻopili lākou i ke ola o nā mea pīpī, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ko lākou hanu a hōʻoia i ka elasticity o ka pūʻai e ʻai ana i nā ʻāpana nui. Hiki ke ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele ke ʻano o ke kino, ʻokoʻa pinepine nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻulaʻula ma luna ona. Maʻalahi e hoʻoholo i ka wā o ka lisituhi e ke kala o ka carapace: nā kānaka i kū ʻole i ka makahiki hoʻokahi he kala kālani, hōʻike ʻia e nā kāwele pōkole e pili ana i ka hue-brown-yellow.

ʻO ka lalamuhile o Kaleponi

ʻAʻole nui loa ka līnika makemake ma Kaleponi. ʻO kona kino ʻōkuhi kino e hiki i ka lōʻihi o 25 kenimika wale nō, a ʻo kēia ka mōʻī. Hoʻokū ʻia ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka umauma ma kahi hina hina. Loaʻa i kekahi mau subspecies kahi ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele a i ʻole he kala ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele ka lihope, aʻeleʻele ke poʻo. I nā poʻe ʻōpiopio, ʻike ʻia nā lālani elima a lōʻihi i ke kino.

Kahi ʻia kēia reptile ma ka kapakai o Kaleponi. No kēia, ua loaʻa i ka litore kona inoa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hui me ia ma Kapalakiko. Hana ʻo ia i ka neʻe ʻana i ka lepo i ka hohonu o 10-15 kenimika. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ia ma nā wahi me nā lau sparse a me ka lepo lepo. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia he manaʻo ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia i nā pōhaku. ʻO nā ʻulā lāʻau e waiho ana ma ka lepo, haki ma lalo o nā pōhaku - ʻo kēia mau wahi āpau e hoʻohana ai ka līlī ma nā wahi.

ʻO nā meaʻai no Kaleponi o nā mea inika lepo, kā lākou pili, spider, a me nā anthropod ʻano. Loaʻa iā ia iā lākou i lalo. Holo aku hoʻi ka reptile i ka ʻili o ka ʻōpū, ma ka honi, ʻimi i ka waiwai pio a hopu koke iā ia me ke kōkua o ke poʻo i kālai ʻia mai ka pā.

ʻO wai ka legfo yellowfoot - he nahesa, he ʻoki a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe?

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia holoholona he ʻelena o ka ʻōpū Pseudopus (Carapace spindleworms) o ka ʻohana Anguidae (Spindleworms).

Hale

ʻAʻohe o kahi moʻohelu mua. Hōʻike ʻia nā wāwae ʻili e ʻelua mau hanana hanana e kokoke i ke anus. Ua like ia me ka nahesa ma muli o ka hala ʻole o nā wāwae a me ke ʻano o ka neʻe o ka neʻe ʻana i ke kino.

Hiki i nā mea nui loa ke hiki i ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. ʻO hoʻokahi hapa ka nui kino kino hoʻokahi mika. ʻĀwā ka muzzle i ka ihu. ʻO ke poʻo o ka mea reptile ke tetrahedral, kahi hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā nahesa. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka melemele ka ʻili o ka pepeiao. Hiki nō hoʻi iā Pseudopus apodo ka pohō.

ʻO ka launa ʻili pū me ke ʻano o nā unahi e hoʻopili pono ʻia i kekahi i kekahi. Ma lalo o lākou he mau iwi iwi - osteoderm. Hiki i nā lipi o ka ʻili ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua a puni ke kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka a ka pua o ka melemele i ka pau ʻole.

ʻO ke kala o nā mea ʻōpio makua he monophonic: oliva, melemele-brown, ʻulaʻula. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio a i nā makahiki ʻekolu i ke alo ʻana o nā ʻōpala ma ke kino, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka helu Roman "Ⅴ", zigzags a i nā ʻokiʻoki. I kēia hihia, nā polikele he kumu hina hina. ʻO ka ʻōpū o nā lizards o kēlā me kēia makahiki i ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o ke kino me ka huelo.

Hoʻaiho

Hoʻopili ʻia ke ʻano o ka māhele ʻana i ka reptile i ke Komohana Hema a me Central Asia a me ka ʻaoʻao hema hema o Europa. Hiki i ka ʻānō me nā limu i nā kapakai:

• Adriatic, ʻEleʻele (Crimea) a me ka Moana Caspian,
• i ke Kaukia
• i Lūkia a me Kazakhstan,
• i Tureke
• ʻIseraʻela
• Iran
• Suria
• ʻIlaka.

Wahi a ka nohona, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i loko o ke komohana a me ka hulu ʻoniʻoni ʻulaʻula, e like me ka lōʻihi. ʻO Pseudopus apodus, ua loaʻa ma Bulgaria, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kona mau hoa puka mai ka Hikina.

ʻAno ʻokoʻa nā biotopes o kēia reptile. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā alahele, nā semi-deses, ma nā puʻu, nā kihi ala, i nā lāʻau, i nā puʻu i ke kiʻekiʻe aʻe a hiki i ka 2.3 km ma luna o ke kai kai, i nā nahele ulu hewa a me nā awāwa wai. Hiki ke ola i nā ʻāina māla: nā pā me nā palaoa a me nā pā, nā māla waina.

ʻAʻole makaʻu ka yellowtopusik i ka wai ma loko - i laila hiki iā ia ke hūnā mai nā ʻenemi.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hale a me nā ʻoihana, nā ʻāpana o nā pōhaku, nā ʻāpana o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Mai ke keʻena e ʻimi ai i nā ʻai ʻaʻai ʻai i loko o ʻekolu haneli mau mika.

Myths e pili ana i ka lepa laupili

Manao kekahi poʻe e ʻai nā ʻōpio melemele i nā nahele ʻawaʻawa. Eia nō naʻe, hewa ʻole kēia. Me nā vipers a me nā māliona manuahi ʻē aʻe. No laila, ʻaʻole mamao loa nā ʻelele o Pseudopus apodo mai ka mongoose a i ʻole he manu kākau ʻolelo. ʻOiai ʻo ka boa constrictors a me eurenises e ʻai paha no nā reptile i ʻole wāwae.

ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe - ʻo ka nahesa ʻeke i paʻa ka melemele a i ʻole ʻaʻole? ʻAʻohe holoholona i ka mea make i loko o kāna mau niho, ʻaʻole hoʻi i koi nui lākou e pepehi koke i ka mea nāna. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki i ka līkī ke kānalua i nā apo, e like me ka nahesa, e hoʻokuwili i kāna mea pio. No laila, i ka hapanui o nā hihia, ua palekana piha ka Pseudopus apode no nā kānaka a i nā hihia kūʻokoʻa wale nō ke hiki iā ia ke ʻāʻalo.

Makemake ʻoe i ka ʻatikala? E lawe ia i kou pā, e kākoʻo i ka papahana.

ʻAʻohe ona wāwae, ʻoi aku ka like o ka like me ka nahesa.

Akā, ʻo ka yellowness e maʻalahi e hoʻokaʻawale: ua paʻa nā maka i kona aʻae iā ia e wehe a pani i kona mau maka. Hōʻalo ʻia nā leʻaleʻa i kēlā manawa: i nā manawa āpau e hoʻopili mau ʻia a hoʻokumu ʻia i kahi "aniani" ka puka. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka līki kahi lōʻihi loa o ka huelo, ma kahi o 1.5 mau manawa e lōʻihi ma mua o ke kino.

ʻO ka hoʻomanaʻo wale nō ka manawa o nā kūpuna o ke kua melemele i loaʻa i nā wāwae he papillae liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka līpiha kapu. ʻO ia nā hiʻohiʻona o nā wāwae hulina, ʻaʻole paha he pāʻani i ke ola o kahi līlī.

KA MEA KULA

ʻO Zheltopuzik ka mea i kū hoʻokahi o ka moʻomeheu o nā iwi ʻono. E like me nā lizards hāmeʻa ʻē aʻe, ua uhi ʻia kona kino me nā ʻāpana nui i ulana ʻia, a ʻo nā pale o ventral ka liʻiliʻi mai ka dorsal ma ke ʻano a me ka nui. Ma lalo o kēia kornea he osteoderms (ka ʻili o ka ʻili), ma muli o ke kino o ke kaila i kū ai a paʻa i ka pā. Kūkulu lākou i kahi hana o ka holomua mauʻu a me ka lula kikowaena iwi, like me ka leka uila. No laila ua inoa ka inoa o nā ʻanoʻano. Aia ka lehele ma waena o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻāpana o kēia uhi, no ka mea o nā lipina lōʻihi e ʻoka nei i ka ʻili o ke poʻo a hiki i ka fissure cloacal e kau ana ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka melemele-polele. ʻAe lākou i ka pīkoi ke neʻe wikiwiki, a ma ka manawa hou, e hoʻonui i ka nui o ke kino ke kinai i ka nui, a no ka wahine a i ka wā e hali ai i nā hua. ʻO ka puʻupuʻu pōkole, ʻoi aku ia a ʻoi paha paha e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka ʻōlelo melemele i loaʻa i ka ʻelua o nā ʻāpana like ʻole, a hiki ke huki ʻia i mua o ka līnika i loko o kahi kuʻuna kūikawā i loko o ka pupu kū māua.

SOUTH MALLUSTER AMATEUR

ʻIke ʻia ka yellowfan mai ka Palna ʻo Balkan, ʻĀpika Minor a me ʻAsia Komohana ma ke komohana, a i Iraq hoʻi i ka hikina. Noho no ia ma ke kahakai hema o Crimea, ma ka Kaukau, ma Central Asia a me Hema. Noho ka nui o nā biotopes: mai nā papulohulu i nā papa a me nā ʻūhū ʻūlū a hiki i nā ʻūhaka, semi-deserto a me nā pali i pili ʻia. Noho pinepine e pili ana i nā kino wai, inā hiki ke hele aku i loko o ka wai, ke kau kūpono maikaʻi. Mai pale i ka kokoke o ke kanaka, ka ʻohi ʻana i nā māla lau a me nā māla. ʻO ka līlū e ikaika i ka lā, e hoʻolōʻihi i nā hola ʻeleʻele loa o ke ao a me nā lā e wela i ka lā ma nā wahi: nā kiaʻi pōkole, nā kolo ma lalo o nā pōhaku, nā mākeke paʻa o nā lāʻau.

Kahuʻula ma ka inoa ʻo Yellowfin. ʻO nā ʻōpio ikaika a me nā niho ikaika, hiki iā ia ke hana maʻalahi me nā pepeke nunui a me nā gastropod terrestrial, kahi kumu maʻamau o kāna meaʻai. ʻO nā ʻehā huina nui me nā pale ikaika e pale ʻole ʻia i mua ona. ʻO nā rodants like-kiʻi manu, nā hua manu a me nā moa, nā ʻilikua liʻiliʻi a me nā nahesa hiki ke lilo i ka waiwai o ka loko-poloka. ʻO kekahi manawa hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā meaʻai mea kanu, no ka laʻana, ka apricot a me nā hua waina.

Ma ka huli aʻe, ʻo kēia mau kīkala, ʻoiai ʻo ko lākou nui nui a me nā iwi "chain mail", e lilo pinepine i mau manu no nā manu a me nā mammals. ʻO nā melemele melemele me ka huelo i luku ʻia a i ʻole ʻia e kekahi e ʻike ʻia he mea maʻamau. I kekahi mau lehulehu, hiki i ka nui o nā poʻe like ke hiki i 50%. He mea hoihoi ia ʻaʻole ka palupalu o ka huila o ka honu: e lūlū a ʻoki paha iā ia, pono ʻoe e hana i nā hoʻoikaika nui. Eia hou, ʻaʻole ulu iki, kūloʻo ia, me ka mea e hōʻoki ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻōkuhi me nā ʻeke pōkole ke neʻe wikiwiki i ka ʻāina a holo aku i nā lālā o lalo o nā kumulāʻau e me nā mea kanu maikaʻi.

ʻĀLOLO MAHI

ʻIke ʻia nā malle o kēia reptile ma ke ʻano he 2-4 mau manawa a ʻoi aku nā manawa wahine ma mua o nā wahine i ʻoi aku ka manawa ma mua o nā hale. Ma hope koke o ka hoʻoilo, ka mea e hoʻomaka ana mai ʻOkakopa-Nowemapa a Malaki-ʻApelila, hoʻomaka ka wā ulu i nā melemele. Ke ʻimi mau nei ke kāne i ka wahine a, ʻoiai e moe pū ana me nā ʻūhā, paʻa i kona poʻo. I Iune-Iulai, ke kolohe nei i loko o ka lua a i ʻole kekahi mau wahi e waiho ai i nā hua. Ma kahi kalai i loaʻa mai 6 a 12 paha, ke kaupaona nei lākou ma kahi o 20 g a uhi ʻia i ka ʻili mānoʻi.

ʻO nā Cubs 10-12.5 cm ka lōʻihi lōʻihi ma ʻAukake-Kepakemapa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou me ka poʻe pākeke: ma kahi ʻōnaʻu-hina-hina ke ʻano i kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā palahalaha transig zigzag i ulaula ʻia ma luna o ke poʻo a me ka huelo. Mālama ʻia kēia kala i loko o ka lizards a hiki i 20 cm lōʻihi a hoʻololi lohi mai nā pākeke i ka molt.

He paʻakikī loa mākou e ʻike i nā cubs a ma kēlā mau wahi kahi i nui loa ai ka nui o nā ʻano a he nui a hiki i ka 5-10 mau mākua ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia lā. Loaʻa paha kēia ma muli o ko lākou ola pilikino. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole nā ​​wahine i komo i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo ia ka mea, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o nā cubes. Puberty i ka yellowfoot e loaʻa ana i ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki me ke kino o ke kino ma mua o 30 cm.

KE BAKA MA KE LOA

Ma muli o ke ʻano like ʻole o ka nahesa o kēia ʻikepili nui, akā naʻe i ka lau ʻole, he hālāwai me ka poʻe i kekahi manawa i ka make no kekahi. Hopu ʻia ka leo melemele e hāʻule i nā lima, ʻaki me kona kino holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole wikiwiki i ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi. I ka manawa like, ua lohe ʻia kahi ʻano kīkaha o nā papa o ka iwi i mea e kūʻē ai kekahi i kekahi. ʻOiai ʻo ka mākē ikaika, ua aneane ʻole ke melemele a ke ʻokeʻī. ʻO kāna pale wale nō ka mea hoʻowalewale i ka wai inu wai leʻaleʻa, kahi e koi ai i ka hoʻolei i kahi "maʻemaʻe".

ʻO nā hihia o ka hopu ʻole ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana aku i nā pua melemele i ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi ākea e nā poʻe lawelawe pono ʻole e ʻike ʻia. Nui ka poʻe lizards e make ana ma ke ala ma lalo o nā huila o nā kaʻa, a ma nā pūnāwai hou, nā pāhina, a me nā ʻano like ʻole, kahi e hāʻule ai lākou a hiki ʻole ke puka i waho. Kahi ʻia nā mea i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka Red Books of Kazakhstan a, ma Russia, i loko o nā Kuke Red o ke Krasnodar Territory, Ingushetia, North Ossetia a me Kalmykia.

ʻO ka mākaʻi wīwīwīwīwīwī i ke ʻano o nā hua i waiho ʻia e ia ma ke keʻena māʻeleʻele, kahi ʻāpana a puni iā ​​ia.ʻO ka mālama like ʻole no nā hua lizards he atypical loa.

KĀLOHE ALOHA

ʻAno: Reptiles
Kauoha: Lizards.
ʻO ka ʻohana: nā pōpō līwī.
Genus: nā lei manu i pale ʻia.
ʻAno: melemele-pusik.
Palapala Latin: Podoekopeu apodo.
Lā: ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ka huelo - a hiki i ka 125 cm.
Kaumaha: hiki iā 500 g.
Ke kala: ʻeleʻele-ʻulaʻula-ʻula, ʻāwī - māmā.
ʻO ke ola ola o ka melemele melemele: a hiki i 30 mau makahiki.

Hoike ʻike

Ka nahesa a ʻeke ka melemele e hōʻike ai i ka ʻohana o ke ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e like me kona mau hoahānau pili kokoke, hiki iā ia ke ulu pololei i nā kaulahao nui. Aia kekahi mau mea i ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe noiʻi i kēlā me kēia hapa o ka lōʻihi o 2 m. Ma muli o kēia, palekana e ʻōlelo ʻo ia ka ʻaleka i kālele ʻia ka ʻona nui loa i Europa.

A ma waho aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ia i kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāina, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Rusia. He mea hoihoi loa nā ka ʻepekema ʻo ka Crimean yellow-bellied ula. ʻO kēia no ka uku nuiʻana he nui o lākou i ka peni. A ua ʻae kēia ia e nānā i nā nahesa i loko o kā lākou wahi maoli me ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika a me nā hoʻolimalima.

Kaheʻe ʻoni-kupu ʻoni: helehelena

He ʻānela loa kēia ʻano ʻōlio, a no laila hikiʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi i ka nui o nā mea i hiki aku i ka makahiki ʻelima.

No laila, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka nahesa i kahi waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele, i hiki ke loli i ka hina a hiki i ka brown, i kekahi manawa a ʻeleʻele. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, hilinaʻi kēlā mau loli i ka nohona o ka naʻinā, no ka mea, no ka mea, ʻo ia kona kino ka camouflage maoli e hiki ai ke hūnā iā ia. No laila, mai kahaha e hiki i nā ʻelemaka o hoʻokahi ʻano ke hina a ʻeleʻele paha.

He aha ka mea i ʻoi aku no ka mea āpau o lākou i ka hapa haʻahaʻa i paʻi ʻia i ka melemele a i ʻole paha. ʻOiai, ma muli o kēia, ua loaʻa i ka nahe i kona inoa - "yellow-bellied". ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i nā kites nāu liʻiliʻi e hōʻike iki ʻia kēia mau kala a hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻano kaʻawale.

Loaʻa nā pauna i kahi ʻāpana, kahi e hoʻowalewale ai i ka nahesa i kona ala ponoʻī. Ma ka kikowaena o nā unahi ka mea liʻiliʻi iki, i kekahi manawa i loaʻa ia lākou ka meaʻalaʻula. Ma muli o kēia, ke nānā aku nei lākou, me he mea lā e pāʻani ana nā lā o ke lā ma kona ʻili.

ʻAuhea e noho ai kēia nahesa?

Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo he nui e pili ana i kēia reptile ma hope o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i kona inoa piha - ʻo Caspian ula-bellied snake. He mea maʻalahi ke kuhi hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ia i nā kihi a pau o nā kihi ʻo Caspian. Penei ua mau ʻāina kahi i ulu ai ke ea a me ka mahana.

No laila, noho ka ʻōneke a-melemele i noho ma ka Crimea, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, ma ke kūkulu hema o Ukraine a ma ke kahakai komohana o Caspian. Loaʻa no ia ma nā ʻāina hikina, e like me Kazakhstan, Turkey, ke komohana o Iran a me Azerbaijan. Ma nā helu liʻiliʻi, ua loaʻa nā nīnūnū e pili ana i ka mokupuni o Tinos, Kifnos, Andros a me Karpathos.

Ma Russia, eia kahi e loaʻa ai ma ka Rostov Region, Stavropol Territory, Volga Region a me kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Eia pū kekahi, noho ka ʻoki i ka hale o ke Kaiāulu Nui a kokoke i nā palena o Dagestan.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hana maʻamau i ka nahe melemele-melemele

ʻAʻole koho iki kēia i nā mea i koho i ka noho, kahi nui ka nui o ka wela, ua nui ka ʻai. No laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me kāna pūnana i nā pā kuʻuna a ma waena o nā awāwa o ka mauna. ʻOiai ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia i kēlā haʻahaʻa loa, ua manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻoi ʻole ʻo ia e piʻi ma luna o ka 1600 m ma mua o ke kai.

Kūkulu ʻo ia i kahi pūnana ma waena o nā lua, nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, nā mahelehele i ka pōhaku a hiki i nā ʻūlau o nā kumulāʻau. Ke kiʻi nei ʻo ia i ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻuā o kāna mea hānai, ke noho pū me nā mea maikaʻi a pau. ʻOiai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, i kēlā mau kūlana, ua hoʻopau pinepine ka mea nona mua i kona ola ma loko o ka ʻōpū ma ka nahesa.

ʻAʻole makaʻu ke nahesa i ka walaʻau a me nā kānaka, no laila hiki iā ia ke noho ma hope o lākou. Ua haʻi ka nui o nā makaʻikepili i ka ʻike ʻana o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o kēia reptile iā lākou i loko o ka pā hale a i ʻole ka māla i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻOiai ʻo ka wiwo ʻole e hoʻopau pinepine iā ia no ka mea, ʻaʻole makemake ka poʻe i kēia wahi. A ma lalo o nā huila o nā kaʻa he nui ma mua o kahi o nā kaomi o kēia mau mea i make.

He aha ia e ʻai ai?

ʻO ke kumu kumu o ka meaʻai he rodents a me nā pepeke. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o ka nahesa, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ua hiki iā ia ke ʻūlio ʻo ke kanaka makua a me kahi hamiki, a ʻaʻohe pilikia. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hoʻowahāwahā ka liona a me nā mea kilokilo, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hopu ʻia.

ʻO kekahi manawa piʻi ʻo ia i nā lāʻau e ʻimi i nā ʻuʻu manu. I ka manawa like, kūpono nā manu a me kā lākou hua manu me ka mea pio. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, e hahai ana ka ʻona i hoʻokahi kānāwai: Ua ʻai wau i nā mea āpau a pau i ʻoi aku iaʻu.

Nā hana a me nā ʻano o ka hopu

He kahe ʻona a he paʻakikī hoʻi kekahi o ka iʻa, he kue ka pōpilikia. Akā, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokake i kāna pānaʻi, akā kuʻi iā ia me kona mau apo, e like me ka boa constrictor. Hiki i kēlā kīleʻa ke hoʻopaʻa i ka hana i kahi kekona. A ma hope o ka mea ilihune i hāʻule i ke kau ʻana e haki ana, ʻaina ka ʻūlio iā ia me ka mālie.

A inā paha i pakele ʻo ka mea pōmaikaʻi i ka pahele, he liʻiliʻi iki kona mau manawa e pakele ai mai ka nahesa ʻeleʻele. ʻOiaʻiʻo, mahalo i kona mau ʻuhane, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, me ka hiki ʻole ke hiki i kahi mea hoʻokūkū.

Makemake ka nahesa e ʻimi e pō i ke ao, ʻoiai ka pō ma, ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ke anuanu, ke iho la kona ʻano. Akā inā he wela wela ma ke alanui, a laila hiki ke hoʻokau i kēia hana i ka kūlike.

He make ʻino anei ka nahesa?

Nui ka poʻe makemake i ka pane i kēia nīnau. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, makemake wau e ʻike i ka pōpilikia o ka nahesa i kekahi, no nā poʻe. ʻAe, e like me kekahi o nā mea hoʻohālike o ka hua a ka laka, ua make ka huki. No laila, no nā poʻe ʻaʻole ia i kahi pōpilikia nui.

ʻOiai ʻo kēia, pono e akahele nui me ia. He ʻano ʻino maikaʻi loa kēia reptile a ua hiki ke hoʻouka i kekahi kanaka me ke kanalua, ʻoiai inā i komo ʻo ia i kona ʻāina.

I nā hiʻohiʻona, hoʻopau ka ʻili i ka melemele i ka ʻili, ke kū nei i loko o ke apo a lele i ka intruder. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke hana i kahi hoʻopunipuni like ʻole i kekahi mau manawa i ka lālani, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻokau i ka ʻenemi me kona ikaika a pau. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia: e ʻoki ʻia ʻo ia a ʻaʻole make, akā naʻe, ʻeha loa ʻo ia, no ka keiki. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i kahi mamao maluhia mai kēia naheka.

ʻO ke ola ʻana o ke ola a me ka wā hana

Ma keʻano ākea, hiki i ka nahe melemele kehe i hiki ke ola a hiki i 6-7 mau makahiki. Akā aia ka mea liʻiliʻi e ʻike nei i kēia wā, ʻoiai lākou e lilo ai i mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe a me nā kūlana kūlohelohe. ʻO ka marten a me nā alopeke ke hoʻopilikia nui loa iā lākou, no ka mea, no lākou ka nahesa he ʻono maikaʻi ʻole loa.

I nā makahiki 3-4, hiki kēia mau reptiles i ka wā akomi a hele i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi ʻaina kūpono. ʻAno lākou i ka hopena o ka pūnāwai, i hiki i nā keiki ke manawa ka hoka mai i kā lākou mau hua a ulu ikaika i mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o ke kau anuanu. I ka awelika, hoʻokahi mamo wahine he 5-12 pākahi.

I ke pio ʻana, hōʻoluʻolu ʻo ka nahesa i ka mea ʻoluʻolu, no ka mea, eia kekahi ʻole nā ​​ʻenemi. No laila, ua hiki i kēia mau ʻano ke ola i 10 mau makahiki a hānau i ka manawa ʻoi aku ka "hoʻoilina".

ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe

ʻAoʻao: Snake-bellied Snake

ʻO ka nahe ʻeleʻele ka pipi nui, i nā nahesa mai loko mai o ka ʻohana o ka mea maʻamau. I ka wā ma mua, ʻo Colubridae (ua hānau mua ʻia) ʻaʻole he hui maoli, ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o lākou e pili pono ana i nā hui ʻē aʻe ma mua o kēlā me kēia. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻohana ma ke ʻano he "wastebasket" no nā ʻano like ʻole o nā nahesa ʻole i kūpono ʻole i nā hui ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, ʻo nā noi i kēia manawa i ke kula phylogenetics molekala ua paʻa i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā nahesa "snakes", a me ka ʻohana, i kēia manawa i manaʻo ʻia he waiwai monophyletic. ʻOiai no ka hana ʻana i kēia mau mea, e koi ʻia kahi noiʻi hou.

Mai kona wehewehe mua ʻana iā Johann Friedrich Gmelin i 1789, ua ʻike ʻia e nā inoa he nui e ka inoa o ka iʻoma i melemele ʻia ma ʻEulopa.

Hāʻawi ʻia kahi papa inoa o ka inoa ma lalo nei:

• C. Caspius Gmelin, 1789 g,
• C. acontistes Pallas, 1814 g,
• C. thermis Pallas, 1814 g,
• C. jugularis caspius, 1984,
• Hierophis caspius, 1988
• ʻO Dolichophis caspius, 2004

Kuhi kēia ʻike i nā kūmole:

• ʻO Dolichophis caspius caspius - mai Hungary, Romania, ka hikina hema o ka Repubalika Yugoslav, Albania, Ukraine, ka Repubalika Moldova, Bulgaria, Greece, komohana Turkey, Russia, ke kapakai o ka Caucasus,
• ʻO Dolichophis caspius eiselti - mai nā mokupuni Helene o Rhodes, Karpathos a me Kasos ma ka Kai Aegean.

ʻAʻole kue ka hapanui o nā arthropods a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻino e hoʻopōʻino ʻole i nā kānaka.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kiʻi hoʻāla: ʻAno ʻine a me ke ahi i loko o ka moku Rostov

ʻO ka ʻili i ka melemele i hele a hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke ana he 2 mika, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka nui loa ma ʻEulopa, akā ʻo ka maʻamau maʻamau ka nui o 1.5-2 m.ʻO ke poʻo heval, elongated, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāʻī. ʻAno ke kīʻaha o ke ihu a ʻuʻiki. He ʻōlelo lōʻihi loa a loloa paha. Hōʻailona a lōʻihi ke kāʻei. ʻO ka huina o ka lōʻihi o ka nahesa a i ka lōʻihi o ka huelo he 2.6-3.5. Nui nā maka a he mau haumana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka niho o ka niho maxillary ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kua o ke ʻā, ʻo nā niho hope ʻelua i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi kaawale.

Wikiō: Snake-bellied Snake

Hōʻike nā hōʻike biometric i loko o nā hōʻike hōʻike hoʻokolohua: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi (ka poʻo + punana + oʻoki) i nā kāne he 1160-1840 mm (awelika 1496.6 mm), i nā wahine 800-1272 mm (awelika 1065.8 mm). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo a me ke kino (mai ka kihi o ke snout a i ka mua alo o ka fecure cloacal) ma nā kāne he 695-1313 mm (ʻokoʻa he 1044 mm), i nā wahine - 655–977 mm (awelika 817.6 mm). Ka lōʻihi o ka hila: 351-460 mm (awelika 409.8 mm) i nā kāne, 268-295 mm (awelika 281.4 mm) i nā wahine. Kahi lōʻihi (mai ke kihi a waha): kāne - 30 mm, nā wahine - 20 mm. ʻO ka laulā o ke poʻo (i waena ma nā kihi o ka waha) he 22-24 mm no nā kāne a 12 mm no nā wahine.

Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Yellowbelly i nā pae kaulike dorsal. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā lālani he ʻumikūwalu i waena o ke kino, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa he ʻumikūmāhiku. Loaʻa nā kaulike Dorsal i ka fossae apical ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka posterior. Ma ka kikowaena, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻaoʻao ma mua o nā kihi. ʻO ke kua o ka nahesa-ʻulaʻula a me nā hōʻailona o nā ʻano ʻōpio o nā ʻōpio, akā nalowale me ka makahiki. ʻO ka keʻokeʻo hāpala he ʻāpana a melemele paha.

ʻAuhea e noho ai ka nahesa ʻoni?

Kuhi: Kaheʻe ʻoloka

ʻIke ʻia ka honu ʻeleʻele i ka Balkan Peninsula, ma nā ʻāpana o ʻEulopa ʻEulopa a hiki i ka ʻāina Volga a ma kahi ʻāpana o Asia Minor. Hiki ke loaʻa i ke ala ākea, i ka pāao, a me nā kuahiwi mauna, ma nā kihi o nā alahele wāwae, i nā lāʻau kokoke i nā ala, i ka semi-wao, nā puʻu a me nā kīkaha, kokoke i nā kahawai, nā waena o nā lāʻau i uhi ʻia me nā mea kanu, nā pōhaku a me nā pōhaku, ma nā awāwa o nā awāwa a me nā wahi weliweli. , aia ma nā kālai kahawai ma nā kahawai a me nā ʻōpio maloʻo.

Ma Wā Kauka Kauka, komo ka ʻeke a nā iʻa melemele i nā wahi wao nahele me nā ʻōpū hulu. I nā manawa maloʻo o ka makahiki, ʻike pinepine ʻia ia ma kahi kokoke i nā kahawai a hiki i nā punawai. ʻO ka ʻū pinepine o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā wahi no ka waiho ʻana i ka hua i nā wahi ʻino, me ka hiolo ʻana o nā hale, nā hale noho hale a i ʻole nā ​​hale noho ʻana, ma lalo o kahi pākaʻi, nā māla lāʻau, nā māla waina a me nā wahi like like. Ma nā kuahiwi e piʻi ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2000 m. Ma ka Caucasus ua loaʻa ia ma nā kiʻekiʻe he 1500 a 1600 m.

Kahi ʻia ka nui o ka nahesa ʻulaʻula i nā ʻāina e like me:

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōhua i nā wahi liʻiliʻi ma kahi o nā muliwai nui e like me ka Danube a me ka muliwai Olt. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua make ka maʻi ʻenehana melemele i Moldova, hikina hikina a me Ukraine hema, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ʻelua mau wahi noho ʻole a ʻike ʻia ka naheka mai ka makahiki 1937. Eia nō naʻe, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ʻekolu mau mea kau ma Mei 2007 i ka mokuʻo Galatian o Romania.

Ma Hongaria, ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ua ola ʻo Yellow-bellied i ʻelua mau wahi wale nō, akā kahi hōʻike hou o kēia wahi i hōʻike i kekahi mau wahi i ʻike ʻia ʻole nei o kēia mau nāhelehele ma ka muliwai Danube. Ke kime o Crimea hema he 1 a i kēlā me kēia 2 km², ma ke ao ʻākau ʻo Dagestan - ʻ snlake a 3-4 lika no km km, a ma ʻAmelika hema - ma ka awelika 1 papa ia 1 km².

I kēia manawa ʻoe e ʻike ai i kahi e ola ai ka nahe ʻeleʻele. E ʻike i nā mea āna e ʻai ai.

He aha nā meaʻai a ka melemele i hele ai?

Kuhi: Snake ʻekahi pīpī ʻekani

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma nā lepa: he ʻōpala, wikiwiki, Crimean a me ke one. ʻO nā mea maʻamau, nā moa, nā manu a me kā lākou hua. A he poʻe ʻokiʻoki hoʻi: nā gophers, nā wai nui, nā kiole, nā mea gerbils, nā hamsters. I kekahi manawa na nā nāhelehele, e komo pū me nā mea ʻawaʻawa, e komo ana i ka meaʻai: nā viper maʻamau a me ka ʻōpū epha, ka ʻōhala paapihiko ka manaʻo ʻole i ka pōʻai manuʻaka o ia mea. Lele loa ka nahesa i ka poʻe amphibians; ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa e hopu ai i nā baki. Hiki i nā mea nui a me nā hua manuahi ke lilo i mau mea pāpaʻi-melemele.

Hiki i ka nahesa ke hele a puni o nā lua rodent a luku iā lākou. I ka huli ʻana i ka meaʻai, piʻi ʻo ia i nā kumulāʻau e luku ai ʻo ia i ka nelo o nā manu, ʻaʻole nui ka nui i hoʻonoho ʻia, akā ʻo ka manawa pinepine ka manu ma nā manu e hāhai ana i ka lepo. Ma Crimea, nā mea punahele punahele a nā ʻtua reptile - nāolaola, nā nahesa a me nā momi - nā loea honua, nā shrews, nā lua kīwaha, nā iʻa, nā hamsters.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: Ma ka ʻāina Astrakhan, he nahe ʻona i loko o nā wahi semi-wao e ʻai i nā kīpī pālua a me nā kīhī wikiwiki (31.5%), kahi mākala wikiwiki (22.5%), kahi pāʻai a me ka larked, a me kahi pālule hina hina (13.5%). karnivore (9%), nā mea huki (31.7%) mau kūmole (18.1%), nā kiʻi (13.5%), nā hamsters (17,8%) a me nā mea kanu a me nā milo.

I ka hoʻopio, makemake nui nā ʻōpiopio i nā mea palu; ʻai maikaʻi nā pākeke me nā kiʻina a me nā kiʻi keʻokeʻo. Hāpai ʻo ia i ka maʻi wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki. Hoʻopau ka ʻōlea melemele i ka mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e ola ʻole me ka huki ʻole ia. ʻO nā holoholona nui e hōʻike ai i ka kūʻē e luku mua ʻia ma o ke kaomi ʻana iā lākou me ke kino ikaika a i ʻole a hopu i ka waha a wīwī iā lākou, e hā ana i nā kani e puni ana i ka mea i make.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana

ʻAoʻao: Snake-bellied Snake

ʻO ka ʻōpū i hoʻōniʻoniʻo i nā ʻākena i paʻa ʻia i loko o nā pua rodent a me nā pā ewa. Hāpai ka mahina o ka hānau ʻana ma mua o ʻeono mahina. No ka wā hoʻomaha hoʻoilo, pinepine ma mua o ʻumi mau kanaka e hōʻuluʻulu i kahi hoʻokahi. Hele mai ka melemele melemele i waho o ka puʻukū i ka hopena o ʻApelila - mua o Mei, a hoʻomaka ka hana e hōʻike iā Pepeluali - Malaki, e hilinaʻi nei ma ka wahi, a hiki i Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa. I loko o ka Crimea a me ka North Caucasus, puka mai kekahi nahe ma ka maka ma hope o ka hānau ʻana i ka hopena o Malaki - i ka hoʻomaka o ʻApelila, ma hema hema o ʻApelila a ma Transcaucasia i ka hopena o Pepeluali.

ʻO ka nahe ʻelea i ʻōlapa he lā ia i kapa ʻole ʻia i ke ao, kahi i lulu ʻia e kekahi mau lāʻau, a hū ʻia i ka lana ʻana o nā līlū. I ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū, hana ka ʻōpū i ka wā o ke ao, a i ke kauwela, i ka wā wela loa o ka lā, hoʻomaha ia, a hana i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. ʻO kēia ʻōlima ka wikiwiki i loko o kā mākou eʻai ai, e hele ana i ka wikiwiki, no laila hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia. Hiki ke wikiwiki ke neʻe i ka wikiwiki i ka hopu ʻana i ka hopu wikiwiki.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hewa maikaʻi o ka nahe i ʻākena ʻia. Ma waena o nā ʻīlaka o kā mākou manu, ʻo ia mau nahelehele (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne) i nā mea ʻino loa a hōʻino. ʻAʻoleʻo ia e hoʻāʻo i ka peʻe ke hoʻokokoke aʻe ke kanaka, e like me nā nahesa ʻē aʻe, akā e ʻā ana e like me nā mea ʻawaʻawa, a ua hoʻolei i kahi 1,2-2 m, e hoʻāʻo ai e pale i kona maka.

I nā wahi lāʻau me nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau, e ulu koke lākou a hiki i ka nalo ʻana i nā hua pīpī ma kahi kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i ka 5-7 m). Hōʻike ʻia ka māmā like ia i ka neʻe ʻana i waena o nā pali a me nā hana. ʻOiai ka melemele a ʻoi a me nā nahesa wai ʻole, ʻaʻole ka ʻeha o ka pākeke, ʻūhū, a i kekahi manawa ua hoʻopili ʻia, akā ʻaʻole naʻe e hoʻopilikia ʻia i ke ola kino kanaka.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou

Kuhi kiʻi: Keʻōkili i Laʻa

Kūpono ka ʻōpū ʻōpala i nā wā pololi 3-4 mau makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. I kēia manawa, he 65-70 cm ka lōʻihi o ka nahesa. He ʻike maoli ka nui o nā moʻomeheu i loko o kēia ʻano: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne pākeke ma mua o nā wahine. I ka wā pāʻani o nā moe kolohe, ʻaha nā hui a ʻoi. Ma nā ʻāina ʻĀkau mau o ka lewa, aia ka mākia i ka hopena o Mei, a i ka hema, no ka laʻana, ma Crimea, mai ka waena o ʻApelila a hiki i ka waena o Mei.

ʻO ka mea ʻono: ʻaʻole i kū ka iwi o ka nahesa i waho o ke kino i ke kumu o ka huelo, me ka huna ʻia o kā lākou ʻūlū ma ke kumu o ka huelo, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka cesspool, ʻo ia nō hoʻi ka pūnao o ka pūnao me ka wai hoʻomau.ʻO ke kāne kāne - nā hemipenes - ʻelua mau penises e pili ana, kēlā me kēia hui pū ʻia me hoʻokahi testicle, e hāʻawi ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona kolo.

Lā ke ʻeke ʻōwili ʻōwili i paʻa i ka ʻāʻī o ka wahine me kāna mau ʻāʻī a paʻa ke kino, a ʻuwī hoʻi i kāna huelo a puni iā ​​ia, a laila ka hana ʻana o ka moe. I ka wā moe, ua pau ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻele i ka melemele. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā nahe i nā moe kolohe, pālahalaha lākou.

Ma hope o 4-6 mau pule, hoʻomaka ka wahine e waiho hua ma kahi o ka lā i koho ʻia i ka lā ma mua. ʻO ka masonry ka nui o 5-12 (maximum 20) mau hua me ka nui o 22 x 45 mm. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua lāʻau i nā wahi hūnā ʻia: ma nā lua kūlohelohe i ka lepo, i kekahi manawa i loko o nā wahi a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻeha i nā lāʻau lāʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā bele melemele liʻiliʻi ma ka hapa mua o Kepakemapa a hiki i ka 22-23 cm (ʻaʻohe ʻehā) i ka wā o ka hatching. Aia kahi hōʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana. ʻO ka wī mau makahiki he 8-10 mau makahiki kaila melemele.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka nahe meleka

Kiʻi hoʻāla: ʻAhake ua paʻa i ka leo ma Lūkia

E like me nā pale, e hoʻohana i ka reptile i nā ʻalā i ka lepo, nā lua o ka puʻu, nā lua ma nā puʻu o nā pōhaku, nā pali i kūkulu ʻia ma nā awāwa, a me nā ʻōpala, nā lua kokoke i nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau. Ke hālāwai ʻo ia i kahi ʻenemi a hoʻokokoke aku nei, ʻaʻole i hoʻāʻo ka ʻeleʻula melemele e hūnā, holo, a hewa ʻole, e hana ana i kahi o nā hoʻoweliweli hoʻoweliweli, ke kīloi i loko o nā apo a hāpai i mua o ke kino e like me nā nahe ʻona, ke hoʻopiʻi ikaika ana i kona waha hāmama, hoʻomāʻe pinepine i ka ʻenemi me ka lele nui a hoʻāʻo e kī ka enemi.

Hiki i nā mea nui o nā nahesa ke hana i mau ʻeke ma ka lōʻihi o 1.5-2 m.ʻO kēia ʻano weliweli e manaʻo ai e hoʻoweliweli i kahi ʻenemi ikaika, e hana ana i ka puʻuwai e pakele ai nā nahesa. Hiki i ke ʻano ʻōwili hulipuhila ke hōʻoweliweli i kekahi holoholona nui, ʻoiai ka lio. Inā loaʻa kahi ulaula manamana melemele a ikaika loa ia, a ʻano nui ia i ke kani ʻana, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā maka a i ʻole ka lima o ka mea nāna e hoʻouka.

Loaʻa i nā ʻīlio melemele i paʻa i nā manu nui, martens, nā ʻalopeke. Ua pau ʻia hoʻi lākou i lalo o nā huila o ke kaʻa: ʻaʻole he kaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke weliweli no ka uē nui ʻana a me nā puʻu menacing.

ʻO ka Parasites o kēia nahesa e hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōpū-melemele:

Loaʻa nā ʻili i paʻa ʻia i nā polu i loko o nā terrariums no kā lākou hana koʻikoʻi.

Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano

Kuhi: Kaheʻe ʻoloka

ʻO ka koho, luku a me ka wā o ka hānai i nā noho, nā hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahiʻai a me nā rangelands, deforestation, mokupuni a me ka urbanization, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides a me nā kolamu mahiʻai, luku kūloko e nā poʻe noho kūloko, ka hōʻuluʻulu a me nā mākaʻi nā kumu nui no ka hōʻemi o ka nui o nā kahe a Kēlani.

ʻO ke ʻano malevolent melemele ke kumu no ka huhū nui i ka poʻe. Hoʻohui ʻia kēia i ke ola ākea ākea a me ka nui a alakaʻi i ka luku pinepine ʻana o ka nahesa. E like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ke awāwa a me nā ʻāpana ʻāina, ʻokoʻa ka ʻano o nā ʻano ʻenehana. No laila, ke hāʻule wikiwiki nei ka nui o ka nahe me ka melemele i puka ʻia, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka nahesa i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻina kekahi o nā hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ka biodiversity. ʻO nā mea e like me nā amphibians a me nā reptile e pīhoihoi maikaʻi loa no ka mea he hopena koʻikoʻi nā kūlana climatic iā lākou.

ʻO nā ʻikepili e pili ana i ke kūlana mālama o ka nahe melemele ʻeleʻele i hana ʻole ʻia i nā wahi he nui. ʻOiai ia i ʻike ʻia he mea maʻamau i ka Dobrudja wahi, ʻo ia kekahi mea ʻuʻina a neʻe ʻia hoʻi i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea nui i pepehi ʻia ma ke ala he "hanana maʻamau" no nā kamaʻāina kūloko. Ma muli o ka make i ke ala e pili ana i ka huakaʻi ke hiki ke hōʻemi i ka lehulehu. Ma muli o ka lilo ʻana o kahi nohona e hoʻōla ai i nā ʻano holoholona i Europa. I loko o Ukraine, kahi noho kahe ʻalani a me ka poʻe kūʻai i nā wahi kūloko a me nā mea kūʻai aku (ma nā hale he nui he ʻano maʻamau ia).

Mālama ʻōkena Kuneke polū

Kuhi kiʻi: Snake belled Snake mai ka Puke ʻaha

Ma ka IUCN World World Red List e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka mālama ʻana o nā reptile IUCN ʻEulopa, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka naheka ʻoni-melemele e like me nā mea like ʻole e hopohopo ʻia e nā LCs - ʻo ia hoʻi, ke kumu no ka minamina loa. Akā he paʻakikī nō naʻe e kuhi ʻo ka lehulehu i ka pae honua a maopopo pono i ka helu ʻana o nā ʻano ma o nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Ua komo pū ʻia kēia ʻōlani ʻōpiopio me ka ʻ Booklelo ʻ Applelo Red o ka Lūkini a me ka Teritori Krasnodar (2002).

I ka Book Red Red Romanian, ʻike ʻia kēia mau ʻōpū (VU). Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Dolichophis caspius i loko o ka Red Book o Ukraine ma ke ʻano heʻino hānai (VU), i loko o ka Red Book of Republic of Moldova a me Kazakhstan. Ma Romania, ʻāpono ka pale ʻeleʻele a me ka lawena a ka Lā Helu 13 o ka makahiki 1993. Mālama ʻia ke ʻano e nā Berne Convention (Appendix II), me ka ʻĀina ʻĀpana 92/43 / EEC o ka Community Community (ʻApili IV IV).

ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻāpono ʻia nā pale polū a mālama ʻia e ka Hoʻoholo Aupuni kūikawā e pili ana i ka noho aupuni ʻana o nā ʻano kūlohelohe, ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kūlohelohe, nā manu ulu manu a me nā manu, i ʻāpono ʻia me nā loli hou a me nā manawa hou, ke manaʻo ʻia nei he ʻano pōʻino e pono ai ka pale.

ʻO nā wahi haʻalulu e like me nā anuʻu, nā alahele lāʻau a me nā nāhelehele, ʻo ia nā mea e makemake nui ʻia e ka Caspian nāhelehele ʻalani-ʻoni, ʻūhā maoli ʻia a haʻahaʻa hoʻi i nā loli i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻāina ma muli o ko lākou waiwai he ʻano mahiʻai a me ka mahiʻai. Eia kekahi, he mea koʻikoʻi loa kēia mau wahi i ka liʻiliʻi o nā loli ʻana i ke anuanu a me ke kauwela, ʻo ia hoʻi, i nā hopena o ke ʻano o ka huli ʻana. I nā wahi e ulu nei, e hoʻokau ʻia nā hana mālama e mālama ʻia me ka wikiwiki a ʻaʻole paha i hana ʻia ma mua o ka hana.