ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻohana firmgeon, ua manaʻo ʻia he mea waiwai nui loa ia. Hiki ke loaʻa i kēia ʻano holoholona i ka lawaiʻa kūikawā. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ʻo kekahi o nā mea paʻa kūloko paʻa pono loa i ke kūʻai. Ua loaʻa i kēia hybrid ke ʻano kaulana, he nui nā ʻano kūpono e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i ka iʻa no nā kumu kūʻai.
ʻO ka mōʻaukala hanana
Ua ʻike ʻia ka iʻa i ka makahiki 1952, ua loiloi ʻo Propesor Nikolyukin a me kāna mau limahana me ka waiū steruga. I kekahi mau lā ma hope mai, kū ka pitch keʻa i loko o ka wai. He kūleʻa ka hoʻokolohua, ʻoiai ua kū mai kekahi mau puʻupuʻu ʻepekema. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka sterlet e lōʻihi no 7-8 mau makahiki, e ʻala ana ka beluga - 5-6 mau makahiki. Ua lilo ke ʻano o ka iʻa male no ka makahiki ʻekolu mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, no kekahi kumu, ua kū aʻe kekahi mau nīnau me nā wahine, ʻo ko lākou hoʻolālā ʻia i kekahi manawa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka lua o ka ʻai ʻana, a me ka nui o ka yolk, kahi a ka embryo e ʻai nei, ʻaʻole i kū.
Ke hoʻomau nei nā hoʻokolohua a me nā kūleʻa like ʻana no ka ʻumi makahiki he ʻumi. I ka makahiki 1963, ua neʻe ʻia ka pīpī maikaʻi loa i nā pito hema, a hāʻawi kēia i hopena maikaʻi. I hoʻokahi makahiki, hoʻomaka nā wahine i hōʻea i kahi kūlana maikaʻi, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi nā makahiki hou o ke ʻano hou o ke ʻano hou. Ua hele mai ʻo Polofesa Nikolyukin me ka inoa o ka iʻa hou, e hoʻohui pū ana i ka huaʻōlelo a me ka hoʻohui i ka huaʻōlelo "maikaʻi", i unuhi ʻia e like me: ka maikaʻi. ʻAʻole like paha ka inoa o ka inoa, akā e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o kēia ʻano.
Nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa
Kūleʻa ka maikaʻi o nā puna pana, e like me ka beluga, a nui i ka wā like e like me ka sterlet. Hoʻohana maʻalahi kēia mau iʻa i ka mea hānai ʻaniniki a ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi loa i nā kūlana anu.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka mea maikaʻi ʻoi aku paha i ka 1,8 mika, a hiki i ka huakaʻi ke hiki i 30 kilograms. ʻO ka Puberty i nā kāne o nā biesters e kū ana ma 3-4 mau makahiki, a ʻo nā wahine hoʻi i 8 mau makahiki o kona ola.
Ke ulu ka ulu mua o ka huaʻai i loko o nā kō, a ʻo ka 2 mau makahiki i hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma mua o ka kilogram. Inā kūleʻa ka maikaʻi ma nā loko wai, a laila hiki i kā lākou papala a hiki i 2 kilograms, a i loko o loko i loko o loko - a me 8 mau kilo. Ma nā wahine wahine ke kaupaona nei he 12-18 kilokilo, ʻo ke kaumaha o nā hua e hiki i ka 2-3 kilograms.
Loaʻa
Ua hānai ʻia ʻo Best me ka hānai kūikawā i manaʻo ʻia no ka iʻa paʻa, nā ʻāpana lau, nā iʻa hou a i ʻole a iʻa. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa o nā loko wai no ka mea maikaʻi ʻoi aku he 0.1-04 heka, ʻo ka like ʻana o ka kanu ʻana o kekahi mau makahiki he ʻelima he 7000 mau pākeka.
Pehea na mea maikaʻi loa?
Ua kākau ʻo Kauka Nikolyukin i kekahi palapala ʻatikala, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka "Interspecific hybridization o ka iʻa", a laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia e pili me ka hybridon hybridization. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻomohala hou i kahi hou o ka stabilgeon e hiki ai ke noho i loko o nā hale kō. ʻO ia, makemake ia e kiʻi i ka iʻa e kūʻai ʻia ʻia he mau paʻa paʻa, akā ua alakaʻi ʻia i ke ola hoʻokaʻawale a ʻaʻole hoʻi i hele ma ka huakaʻi hele lōʻihi.
I ka makahiki 1952, ua hoʻoholo ka wahine wahine i ka mea e hana pū ana me kāna kāne me ka male i ka waiū me ka waiū. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo i kēia hana hoʻolālā ʻole ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi kuhikuhi hou i ka lawaiʻa.
ʻO ka maikaʻi ʻo kahi hana hoʻokaʻaka o nā ʻano ʻelua mai ka ʻohana stabilgeon.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi wahi lawaiʻa e kokoke ana iā Saratov ma kahi ʻano hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua. No nā hoʻokolohua, lawe mai ka lawaiʻa i ka iʻa. No ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, pono e piha piha ka caviar a me ka waiū, no laila loaʻa mākou i nā mea hou aʻe he nui hou. Ua lilo ka ʻoi ʻana i nā ʻōlelo ʻauʻau i ka pono o ka iʻa ma loko o nā ʻiwi o ka iʻa, kā lākou waiū a me nā caviar i loko o nā lā mau lā.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā huaʻai o ka sterlet a me beluga, ʻoiai he nui loa ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau iʻa: ʻo ka sterlet he nui ka paona 1.5-2 kilograms, a hiki i ka pumehana o beluga ke piʻi i hoʻokahi ton. Eia kekahi, hele ka spawning i nā manawa like ʻole.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻouluulu i ka kūpaʻa ʻana o ka sterlet a me ka beluga i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā kūkaʻi. A ʻike nā mea āpau me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka interracial crossbreeding, loaʻa ʻole ka hua prolific.
Ua lawe ʻia mua ʻo Bester maikaʻi loa i ka makahiki 1952 ma ke kahua o USSR.
Eia naʻe, i ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai lākou e aʻo i nā ʻanoʻano o kēia mau iʻa, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻike maoli ʻole i hahau ai i nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa - ʻo nā pūhui āpau (koe wale nō ka firmgeon pono) ka huina like o nā chromosome. ʻO Sturgeon ʻelua mau mea nui o nā chromosome, no laila he paʻapū ka hybrids me ka stabilgeon. Akā ʻo ka sterlet a me ka beluga e hele a ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻopiha, ʻoiai naʻe ka mea hiki ʻole.
ʻO ke ala mai ke kīloi o ka stabilgeon a me ka sterlet i kahi maikaʻi loa
No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka iʻa kūkaʻa, kahi i kū maikaʻi ai ka gastronomic (ʻono a me ka pono olakino a me ka caviar), ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hybridization. Loaʻa i kahi pua i ka beluga a me ka sterlet e wehe i nā kuʻuna ākea no kona kanu ʻana i nā wai o uka nui (mau wahi ʻai, loko o nā māla wai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).
ʻO ka ʻike mua loa i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa kūkaʻo hybridon i mālama ʻia i ka makahiki 1869. Ua hana ʻo Pilipo Pilipo Ovsyannikov a me Kauka Alexander Kovalevsky ma waena o Volga, kahi i loaʻa ai ka paila sterlet a me ka firmgeon, kahi hana no ka insemination artemati o ka caviar sterlet. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hapa o ka caviar me ka waiū solidgeon, a kiʻi ʻia ka hua huaola neʻe mua. Ma kēia mau makahiki he 80 paha, ʻaʻole mau kēia mau hoʻokolohua wiwo ʻole.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kūpono ma ka hybridon hybridization
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o ka hana ma ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pūlato kūkaʻi i nā makahiki 1949 e Nikolai Nikolayevich Nikolyukin, ka mea nāna i kūleʻa i ke kūkaʻi a ka maʻi kaukaʻi a me ka "Interspecific hybridization o iʻa"
Ma muli o nā makahiki he nui i ka hana ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua he nui, loaʻa kahi kime kahi i loaʻa i nā mana maikaʻi loa o kona mau mākua - ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻo iʻa, ka inoa i hana ʻia e Profesor Nikolayukin N.I. I hōʻiliʻili ʻia e nā syllables mua o nā inoa inoa-nā mākua (beluga a me ka sterlet) Ma ka manawa kūpono, ua pili pū ka huaʻōlelo ʻo "ka maikaʻi" mai ka ʻōlelo Pelekane e like me "ka maikaʻi." A ʻo ka hakahaka hopena 100% hoʻāpono i ke ʻano huna i kona inoa.
Ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā pahuhopu a hoʻomaka ka hana
Hoʻomaka ia e komo i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea paʻa, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Profesor Nikolyukin e loaʻa i kēia mau ʻano hou o kēia mau iʻa i hiki ai iā lākou ke noho i loko o nā kōnike me ka ʻole e hana i nā neʻe lōʻihi no ka hoʻoulu ʻana. Ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i kāna mau hoʻokolohua ma kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka pā ʻai i ka Volga ma kahi o Saratov.
No ka hoʻouluʻana o ka manuahi, pono e pau nā caviar a me ka waiū mai nā mea hana. He mea paʻakikī ke ʻano kēia kūlana: pono e hopu mau i nā iʻa hou. A eia wale nō me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka ʻano hana o ka Pelekikena Gerbilsky N.L. e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hiki ʻana o ka caviar a me ka waiū ma o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka injuitary injectionary, hoʻomaka ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e holo wikiwiki. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i kahi maʻi wai, ua ʻike ʻia ka caviar a me ka waiū i hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau lā.
Hana ʻo Nikolyukin i nā hoʻokolohua ma ka pale ʻana i nā mea paʻa me ka mālama pono. Loaʻa i nā ʻili kūlohelohe mai nā lawaiʻa (nā ʻike maoli i loaʻa i nā pakanikua) a ʻoi aku ʻo ia iā lākou me nā ʻano maemae. Ke laʻana: kahi male male (sterlet a stellate stabilgeon) i hele me ka sterlet wahine.
Ma kēia pauku ʻana o nā hoʻokolohua, ua pau ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā Beluga caviar me ka waiū i loaʻa mai ka sterlet. A ʻoiai ma muli o kēia hoʻokolohua, ua loaʻa ka iʻa maikaʻi loa.
ʻO ka kūleʻa o kahi hoʻokolohua hoʻolālā ʻole ʻia
Me Nikolai Nikolayevich, hana kāna wahine (Timofeeva Nina Apollonovna). ʻO ia ka mea nāna i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻokolohua, e kū ana i ka beluga a me ka sterlet. I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole i hui mua nā lua o kēia mau iʻa ʻelua, no ka mea ʻaʻole e hālāwai ana kā lākou mea hana.
ʻIke maopopo ʻia nā kumu no kēia:
- ʻIke ʻia ka papahele koholā ʻo Beluga a me kahi maile o kēlā me kēia, a ʻaʻole paʻa kēia manawa.
- Ka ʻokoʻa ko lākou ka maikaʻi: ʻo ka paona o ka beluga, hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi toneka, a huki ka pila i nā kilekilima ʻelua (ʻiniki loa).
ʻO kekahi kūlana koʻikoʻi e mālama maʻamau i ka mea hoʻoulu: intergeneric crossbreeding ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa i ka fecundity o nā hua. No laila, i kāna mau hoʻokolohua, ua manaʻo ʻo Nikolyukin i nā ʻano like ʻole ʻē aʻe o ke kaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa o nā ʻano Acipenser (spike, sturgeon, sterlet a stellate sturgeon) mai nā moana Aral a me Caspian. ʻO Beluga, i kekahi ʻaoʻao, kēlā ʻano ʻē aʻe Huso, e like me Kaluga, e noho ana ma ka Hikina mamao. Ka mea i hoʻokūkū ʻia e ka hoʻokolohua hoʻāla ʻia e Nina Apollonova e kiʻi i kahi pua o ka beluga a ʻo ka sterlet. Akā hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka hopena maikaʻi loa.
Ma ke ana pono o ka hoʻokolohua, ua loaʻa ka piliona mau lua o nā hanauna he ʻelua, ʻo nā mākua ʻelua o lākou nei kekahi mau mālani, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua loaʻa i nā hua mai nā wahine a me ke kāne male maikaʻi loa. He manaʻo maoli kēlā.
ʻO Biotechnology no ka ulu maikaʻi ʻana
ʻO ka iʻa Sturgeon ka mea waiwai nui e noho ana i nā wai o uka o Rūsia. Noho ka hapanui kūkaʻi paʻa i loko o ke kai. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka hopu ʻana o kēia iʻa iʻa inā loaʻa iā lākou i loko o nā loko iʻa. No ka hoʻoulu wai pā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa.
He mea nui nā hiʻohiʻona genetic o nā mea hana i ka wā e neʻe ai
ʻO ke kumu no ka hoʻokō ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hoʻokolohua i kū i nā ʻano genetic o nā solidgeons. Loaʻa i nā neʻe a pau (i ʻole i ka stabilgeon) ka nui o ka chromosomes. Ua lilo ia i kumu no ka sterility o nā hybrids e kau ana ma luna o ka firmgeon, ʻoi aku ka manawa 2 mau manawa i nā chromosome ma mua o nā mea āpau.
Ma muli o ke ʻano like genetic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hele ʻana o ka nui o nā chromosome, beluga (ʻo ia ka nui o nā iʻa o ka ʻohana firmgeon) a me ka mea ʻuʻuku o kēia ʻohana (sterlet) hiki iā "ke mare" a hāʻawi i nā hua ola me nā pono ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻohui like ʻana i nā iʻa maikaʻi a me nā iʻa
ʻO ka Sturgeon ka mea waiwai nui o ka iʻa e noho nei ma ko mākou kai kūloko. Me ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻokoʻa, ʻo lākou ka poʻe i loko o ke kai (Caspian, Azov, ʻeleʻele), akā hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kā lākou mau puʻupuʻu e ka ulu ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau i loko o nā loko iʻa ʻai.
ʻO ka mea kūpono kūpono no kēia mau pahuhopu, kahi pāpale o ka beluga me kahi pākaha - ʻoi kahi ʻoi maikaʻi loa, e hui pū ʻia me ka nui o ka nui o ka nui o ka noho ʻana o kahi kai - a beluga - me kahi ala wai hou loa o ke ola o ka paukū wai.
ʻO ka incubation kiʻi o nā hua e loaʻa ai i nā koina maikaʻi loa
Loaʻa a me nā koi o ka mea maikaʻi
ʻO ke kiʻi o ka iʻa maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka like me ke kiʻi o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe: ʻelima mau lā o nā pū iwi i ʻike ʻia ma ke kino (ʻo kekahi ma ke kua, ʻelua ma nā ʻaoʻao a ʻelua hoʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao ventral).
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mea maikaʻi loa i nā hiʻohiʻona o kēlā me kēia “mau mākua”:
- ʻO Antenna e kū ana ma lalo o ka snout i ka nui o nā pālua ʻelua, e like me ka beluga: i ʻū ʻia a i ʻole nāʻuʻuku paha me nā lau append.
- He ʻano waena o ka waha: he semilunar i loko o beluga a kahakaha i loko o ka sterlet.
- Ke hoʻololi nei ka kala mai ka sterlet a beluga: mai ka hina hina a he brown brown hoʻi i ka ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula a me ka hina-brown.
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia o ka ʻeleʻele o ke kua a me ka pūnohi māmā e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā paʻa ʻē aʻe, e ʻike ʻia ana i ke kiʻi o ka iʻa maikaʻi loa.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka biology o ke maikaʻi a me ka hoʻoulu
Hiki i nā iʻa ʻoi a ʻoi ke hiki i ka hoʻoulu, akā ma lalo o ke ʻano wai o ka ʻakui he mea kuhihewa ʻia kēia ʻano. Loaʻa ka Offspring i ka insemination art o ka beluga caviar me ka sperm o kahi kāne male. No kēia pahuhopu, hopu ʻia nā mea hana i loko o nā hale kanu kūlohelohe a hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou hoʻomohala a me ka oo o nā huahana sex (caviar a me ka waiū). Hoʻokomo ʻia ka caviar o hoʻokahi beluga wahine i ka hoʻohui pū ʻana o nā sperm i lawe ʻia mai loko mai o kekahi mau kāne kāne. Hoʻomau ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā hua he ʻelima a ʻumi mau lā (e pili ana kēia i ka kuhikuhi ʻana o ka mahana o ka wai). Kūkulu mua ʻia nā hua pā i nā pahele. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ʻono o ka hoʻoulu ʻana iā lākou iho, lawe ʻia lākou i loko o nā loko wai i nui.
He aha ke waiwai o nā ʻoi loa
ʻO ka iʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻo nā iʻa maikaʻi i hoʻoili ʻia e nā mākua.
- Kāhuahua nui kiʻekiʻe (e like me ka beluga). ʻO ka lōʻihi loa ka lōʻihi o ke kino a hiki i ka 180 kenimika a me ke kaumaha a hiki i ke kanakolu kilokilā.
- Hoʻonui ka ahonui a me ka olakino: me ka hoʻomau ʻana i ke ʻano o ka paʻakai (mai) a 18 ppm a me ka nui o ka mahana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe he 30 (me ka nui o ka maʻi oxygen hāmiʻu i ka wai).
- ʻŌpio mua i mua (e like me ka pipi): lilo nā kāne i ʻelemakule a ʻekolu a ʻehā mau makahiki, a ʻo nā wahine keu ʻeono a ʻewalu mau makahiki.
- ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o ka ʻiʻo a me ka caviar. Mai nā wahine i kaupaona ʻia he ʻumikumamālua a ʻumikumamāwalu kilokilo, loaʻa ke ʻelua a ʻekolu ʻekolu kileman o ka ʻāpapa uliuli.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o waho
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, a ua wehewehe pono ʻia nā laina o nā iwi iwi ma kona kino (5 ma ka huina).
ʻO kahi hōʻike kikoʻī o ka helehelena o ka hybrid i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale kēlā me kēia ʻano "mau mākua":
- Aia he 2 mau aniani o ka antennae i loaʻa ma lalo o ka snout, kahi i maʻamau no ka beluga, hiki ke kau ʻia a i ʻole a ʻūlū paha me ka lau nā lau,
- hoʻolilo ʻia ka waha ma ka ʻano o ka ʻano waena, in beluga - lunate, in sterlet - transverse,
- Hiki ke kala mai ka kala i ka beluga a mai ka brown brown i ʻeleʻele.
Aia kahi hoʻohālikelike ʻē aʻe ma waena o ka pōʻeleʻele a me ka ʻili kukui ʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea ʻelima o nā pekele.
Hōʻikeʻike moʻolelo
Hoʻomaka ka mōʻaukala pua ʻana i ka mea maikaʻi loa i ka makahiki 1952, i ka manawa i koho ʻia ai ke Kauka ʻo Nikolyukin, a me kāna wahine me ka wahine a me ka waiū. Ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o ka "beluga-sterlet", ʻaʻohe mea i manaʻo e lilo kēia ala hou i ka lawaiʻa, akā ma hoʻokahi pule ma hope mai ka puka mai o ka caviar.
ʻAʻole i ʻike he lōʻihi ia e hiki aku ai ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana o ka iʻa, no ka mea, ua ʻoi ʻia ka sterlet i ka makahiki he 6-8 makahiki, a ʻo ka beluga e ola i ka 5-6 mau makahiki. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike ʻia nā mea ʻepekema me ka pīhoihoi, no ka mea ua hala nā kāne i ka makahiki 3. Me nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā mea āpau, no ka mea, palua lākou i ka lua o ka wā o ka make ʻana ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka hua ʻuala, ka mea a ka embryo e hānai ai.
ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka beluga a me ka sterlet
Ua hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ma ka 1963, i ka manawa e lawe ʻia ai nā honu i kahi mahana. I ka huakaʻi piha, i ka wā kauwela, hiki i nā wahine i ka wā akilele, a he makahiki ma hope mai i puka mai nā ʻōpio o kekahi lua.
Ua loaʻa i ka iʻa kona inoa mai ke Kuhina Nikolyukin, hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia i nā syllables mua o nā ʻano iʻa, akā ma muli o ka huaʻōlelo Pelekane "maikaʻi" i puka mai, i unuhi "maikaʻi".
ʻOi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka lawaiʻa ma Novosibirsk
hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai ola maikaʻi loa
ua ulu i loko o ka ʻōnaehana kūwaho pani ʻana no kou ʻauʻau no nā kumu hoʻolālā a i ʻole no ka lawaiʻa ʻana me nā hoaaloha. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopu ʻia a i lalo o ke koʻokoʻo. ʻAʻole koi ʻia Bait. ʻO ka aneane ua aneane ka lō i ka ʻonaʻehā, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopu ʻia ma ke ahiahi ma ka donka. ʻO ka mauʻu maikaʻi loa he mollusk; ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻoi pū kekahi i nā lele lele, maggot, ʻōlepo palapū. No laila, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa i hopu ʻia ma nā mea pāʻani. Me kahi kūʻai kūleʻa e uku ʻia ʻoe, ʻaʻole wale nō me nā manaʻo maikaʻi mai ke kaʻina lawaiʻa, akā ke kuke nō hoʻi i ka iʻa hou. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻohe hewa e kūʻē i ka ʻono o ka iʻa i ulu i nā kūlana kūpono, i hopu wale ʻia me ko lākou mau lima ponoʻī, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hale kūʻai.
E nānā i ke wikiō ma ke kahawai "Nā iʻa Siberiane
ʻOi maikaʻi loa (e like me nā huaʻōlelo mua o nā huaʻōlelo beluga a me ka sterlet) he ʻano pōpoki ʻelua o nā ʻano iʻa ʻelua o ka ʻohana firmgeon, loaʻa ʻia e ka mea hana ma ke ʻano o ka beluga me ka sterlet. Ua loaʻa mua i ka 1952 ma USSR. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ulu wikiwiki o ka beluga a me ka wā mua o ka ulu ʻana. I loko o ka ʻakuna, ua loaʻa nā hua kanu mua o ka makahiki o 2 i nā māla a me nā wai i loko o kahi pānaʻi he 1 kg a ʻoi aku.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi iʻa i hoʻohuihui ʻia me ka iʻa paʻa.
He mea paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo i kēia manawa no ke aha ka mea e hoʻāla ai ʻo Beluga caviar me ka waiū waiʻo i lilo ʻo ia kekahi o ka mea hope loa i kēia hana hoʻokolohua. ʻAʻole paha kekahi o ka hana i hana ʻia e ka mea ma lalo o nā ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole i kū mai nā pilela beluga me ka sterlet.
Nā Mana Loaʻa Loaʻa
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ʻo ka iʻa kahi i loaʻa ai i ka pae pāhana, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lawaiʻa mai nā lawaiʻa he nui nā ʻano o ka maikaʻi. I waena o nā ʻano hana maikaʻi loa i kēia lā, ua wehe ka ʻike:
- ʻO Burtsevsky - kahi māla i hana ʻia ma muli o ke kā ʻana i ke wahine ʻo Beluga a me kahi kāne Sterlet, i hana mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1952. I kona helehelena ʻana, ua like ia me ka mea nona ka momi. ʻO ka kāne ʻōpio i nā kāne he 4 a keu paha nā makahiki o ka wahine, a ma nā wahine he 8 a keu paha. Hoʻohana nui loa ia no ka hana ʻana i nā meaʻai caviar ʻeleʻele.
- ʻO Aksaysky - kahi hana i hana ʻia e ke kaʻe ʻana i ka leona wahine a me kahi kāne Beluga, i hana mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1958. I waho, ʻoi aku ia me ka like me ka sterlet, akā he mauʻuʻaloko nui a me ke kaumaha. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo ia e ka wā wīwī, hiki i nā wahine i ka wā makua i ʻekolu mau makahiki, a me nā kāne i ke mau makahiki ʻelua.
- ʻO Vnirovsky - kahi puaʻa kanikani e ka hele ʻana i ke kāne ʻo Bester a me ka wahine ʻo Beluga, i ʻike mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1958. He kū like kēlā like me ke beluga, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka Burtsevsky a me Aksaysky ka mea maikaʻi loa. Puberty ka wā i hiki aku ai nā kāne i nā makahiki he 8 a ʻo nā wahine hoʻi i ka makahiki 14. Hōʻike ʻia ia e kekahi mau manawa ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi.
He ʻike ʻike ʻohana ʻo Sturgeon
Ua loaʻa mua i ka makahiki 1952 e N.I. Nikolyukin. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa i ka iʻa kūkaʻa, nona ka mea i kākoʻo ʻia i ke kaiāulu i kākoʻo ʻia no nā makahiki he 40 mau makahiki, me ka hana hou o nā hanauna he ʻekolu. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano hua like ʻole o ka moʻomeheu o ka mea ʻoi aku ka palena o ka māhele o ka hoʻoilina o ka beluga a me ka sterlet i loko o kā lākou mau genotypes.
ʻO ka iʻa ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka hana paʻakikī e nā mea pāhono e hoʻohālikelike i nā holoholona ʻoihana hou e pono ai. ʻO ka mea ʻoi ka momona o kahi ʻano ʻelua iʻa no ka ʻohana firmgeon. He mea kūpono ia ke ʻike ʻoi loa ka iʻa o ka iʻa maikaʻi loa i nā hōʻailona koi maʻamau o kona "mau mākua". Eia kekahi, ʻo ka iʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa no ka nui o kona nui nui a me ka hiki ke mālama pono i ka hopena o ka hoʻololi mau ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
Ua kākau nā mea noiʻi i ka nui o ka nui o ka iʻa ʻo ka maikaʻi ʻo ʻAlepelid, i like me kanakolu kilokilā. ʻO ka maʻamau, ulu ka mea maikaʻi ma ka i kapa ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lawaiʻa wai. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o kēia ʻano o ka iʻa paʻa ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō nā holoholona i holomua a hoʻomau mau ʻia e nā kānaka no ka hapalua haneli.
ʻO kēia mau ʻōpana he ʻekolu o ka maikaʻi i hōʻike ʻia iā lākou iho i loko o ke koho holoʻokoʻa ʻana o ka iʻa. ʻAʻole hoʻi he mea hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe i kekahi i ʻole nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe o ka iʻa maikaʻi maikaʻi ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kekahi me kahi loea. Hiki i ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka meli a me nā iʻa ke manaʻo ʻia o ke kālā pilikino o ka mea maikaʻi loa, i hiki ai ke lanakila ʻia nā kū kaʻawale ʻokoʻa o ka beluga a i ʻole ka ʻōpala.
Ehia ka huina o nā iʻa maikaʻi (kumukūʻai kumukūʻai no 1 kg.)?
Moscow a me Moscow kikowaena
ʻO ka iʻa ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka hana paʻakikī e nā mea pāhono e hoʻohālikelike i nā holoholona ʻoihana hou e pono ai. ʻO ka mea ʻoi ka momona o kahi ʻano ʻelua iʻa no ka ʻohana firmgeon. Loaʻa ʻia ka iʻa maikaʻi ma ka hala ʻana i ka sterlet, a me ka beluga. ʻO nā kānaka ʻepekema Soviet ka mua e hoʻomaka i ka hua ʻai i ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia hope.
He mea kūpono ia ke ʻike ʻoi loa ka iʻa o ka iʻa maikaʻi loa i nā hōʻailona koi maʻamau o kona "mau mākua". ʻO ka mea mua, ʻike ʻia ka iʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa me ka ulu wikiwiki a me ka manawa lohi e like me ka beluga a i ka sterlet. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka iʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa no ka nui o kona nui nui a me ka hiki ke mālama pono i ka hopena o ka hoʻololi mau ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, hiki i ka iʻa maikaʻi loa e piʻi ma mua o ʻelua mau mika ka lōʻihi. Ua kākau nā mea noiʻi i ka nui o ka nui o ka iʻa ʻo ka maikaʻi ʻo ʻAlepelid, i like me kanakolu kilokilā. ʻAi wale lākou e ʻai na iʻa, akā, ʻo kāna caviar. Eia kekahi, manaʻoʻiʻo nā poʻe loea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā iʻa maikaʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā poʻe ʻelele o nā ʻano iʻa.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ulu ka mea maikaʻi ma ka i kapa ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lawaiʻa wai. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o kēia ʻano o ka iʻa paʻa ka mea paʻa wale nō ia wale nō nā mea maikaʻi a i hoʻomau mau ʻia e nā kānaka no ka hapalua o ka haneli. I kēia manawa, ʻike ka poʻe puaʻa i ka ʻano o nā ʻano nui o ka iʻa ʻo Bester: Vnirovsky, Burtsevsky, a me ʻAsskyky.
ʻO kēia mau ʻōpana he ʻekolu o ka maikaʻi i hōʻike ʻia iā lākou iho i loko o ke koho holoʻokoʻa ʻana o ka iʻa. ʻAʻole hoʻi he mea hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe i kekahi i ʻole nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe o ka iʻa maikaʻi maikaʻi ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kekahi me kahi loea. Wahi a kā lākou o waho, a me ka ʻono a me nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻai ʻana, like like nā subspecies o nā iʻa maikaʻi loa e like me kēlā me kēia "e like me nā hāʻule wai ʻelua."
Hiki i ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka meli a me nā iʻa ke manaʻo ʻia o ke kālā pilikino o ka mea maikaʻi loa, i hiki ai ke lanakila ʻia nā kū kaʻawale ʻokoʻa o ka beluga a i ʻole ka ʻōpala. Pono ka nānā pono ʻana e uku ʻia i ka kemana a me nā calorie o ka iʻa maikaʻi. E like me nā kūono'ē aʻe, ke kaena ʻoi ka mea maikaʻi loa i ka minamina a me ka minamina wai, a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka calorie kiʻekiʻe o 147 Kcal i 100 pālama o nā iʻa.
E like me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka mea maikaʻi loa i hiki i kāna wahi kūpono loa i ka moʻomeheu culinary honua. Kuhi ʻia ka iʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā iʻa i kolohe ʻia. E ʻōlelo aku ka poʻe loea kulī loea i ka palaoa, me ka uahi ʻana, ka iʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e hiki ke lilo i ka leʻaleʻa maoli no kekahi ʻoliʻoli.
Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpiopio
E hānai i kēia hōʻaiho, ʻo kona pono e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia. ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻoi loa ka mole no ka māla ʻana o kēia ʻano iʻa i nā hōʻailona mai 20 a 25, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohua ʻana i kēia mau kānaka i loko o nā loko i ke kūkulu hema o Rūsia.
I ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka lawaiʻa o ka iʻa lawaiʻa, ʻo ka paʻilima o ka wai pono e 10-12%, ʻoiai i loko o ka wai paʻaki i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ka mea maikaʻi ma mua o kahi hou.
I ka wā hoʻolelima o nā hua a i ka wā e ulu ana i ka larvae, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka paʻakai o ka wai i ka 2-3%.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi i ka mahi ʻana i ka maikaʻi loa i ka polyculture me ka iʻa e ʻai ai i nā mea kanu, no ka laʻana, ke kalepa kālā a me nā lāʻau lau, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokūkū me ia no ka meaʻai. Ke papa ʻole ʻia nei e hoʻopalapula maikaʻi ʻole i ke kulima, e like me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o kēia mau ʻano iʻa i kekahi me kekahi.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o nā mea maikaʻi loa i loko o nā loko i lawe ʻia ma nā hana like ʻole a loaʻa i nā ʻano he nui:
- ka hele ʻana o nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe ma ka sterlet a me ka beluga,
- ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huahana kūlohelohe ulu a me ke kaʻina o ka hōʻiliʻili i nā hua,
- ulu hua ʻōhumu
- hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā ʻuna no ka paʻa ʻana,
- ulu maikaʻi ʻoi i ka paona o 3 mau grama,
- hoʻokuʻu i nā iʻa i loko o nā loko i wahi e ulu ai.
ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia mau papa āpau e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ulu i kahi helu o ka maikaʻi loa.
ʻO ka iʻa Sturgeon ka mea waiwai nui e noho ana i nā wai o uka o Rūsia. Noho ka hapanui kūkaʻi paʻa i loko o ke kai. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka hopu ʻana o kēia iʻa iʻa inā loaʻa iā lākou i loko o nā loko iʻa. No ka hoʻoulu wai pā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa.
ʻOi maikaʻi loa i ka mahiʻai iʻa
ikaika a no ka wā lōʻihi i kanu ʻia i loko o ka mahiʻai a me nā mahiʻai ʻoʻau. Ma muli o ka hana a ka mea maikaʻi i nā mea maikaʻi loa mai nā puka mua, ua lilo ia i mea waiwai nui loa no ka ukana kūlohelohe o nā waiwai kō no ka hana pilikino, uku lawaiʻa a me ka hoʻoulu ʻia i nā lako kīwaha paʻa. Hōʻike ʻia ia e ke ola nui, ke kiʻekiʻe nui o ka ulu a me nā loaʻa, loaʻa ma ka ʻōpio. Loaʻa ka maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa, hiki aku i ka 1.5-2 kilograms ma ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, a me 3 kilograms i ke kolu o ka makahiki.
Ke kūleʻa nei ka hana ʻana o ka mea maikaʻi loa i ka lawaiʻa ma Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, nā ʻāina o Central Asia a me nā mokuʻo Baltic. Loaʻa
hōʻike i ke kūpono kūpono i nā kūlana o waho a me ke ola ʻana, hiki iā ia ke noho i ka wai hou a hoʻōla. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻi, nā maʻi maʻi, a me ka makaʻu ʻole hoʻi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wela - i ka ulu ʻana o ke kōpaʻa he 0.5-30 kiʻekiʻe. No ka uluʻana i kahi hāmeʻa, ʻelua a lawa iki ka wai paʻakai.
ʻO ka maikaʻi o nā māla maikaʻi loa i loko o nā loko wai a me nā loko, ʻoi aku hoʻi i loko o nā loko wai pāpale, me ke ʻano o ka aeration, ʻoluʻolu loa lākou. ʻO nā koina a pau loa, ʻo ka iʻa maikaʻi loa e noho nei i nā loko wai a me nā loko.
ʻO ka kūleʻa hoʻokolohua
Ma hope o ke kāʻei ʻana i ka beluga me ka sterlet i ka papa o ka hoʻokolohua, ua puka mai ka palaoa mai nā hua hebedoma ma hope aku. Ua ikaika loa lākou. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā lua mua i loko o nā loko iʻa o ka moku Saratov.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kali. Ua ʻike ʻia he ʻano maikaʻi nā hybrids me ka stabilgeon, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili i nā hua ola maikaʻi loa, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hiki ke hānau. ʻAʻole maopopo ia i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ia mea, ʻoiai ʻo ka umauma i hala i ka makahiki 6-8 o ka makahiki, a ʻo ka beluga e 6 makahiki. Akā pīhoihoi nui nā ʻepekema i ka wā i hiki ai i kā lākou nā māla i ka wā akomi ma 3 mau makahiki. Ua pili i nā kāne.
Hoʻopili maikaʻi ka mea hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki i ka ulu wikiwiki o ka beluga a me ka wā mua o ka ulu ʻana.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi kahi kūlana me nā wahine. Ua hala nā makahiki, a hū ʻia nā caviar i ka lua o ka wā ʻōpio, ʻo nā hua ka i ʻai ʻia e ka embryo i hōʻiliʻili ʻole ai i loko.
Ua hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ma ka 1963 i ka manawa i lawe ʻia ai nā lāʻau hānai i ka pāʻai ʻo Aksaysky ma kahi kokoke i Rostov-on-Don, kahi i hoʻohālikelike ai ke kuana. Loaʻa nā poʻe kahiko i ka makahiki 12. ʻO ko lākou koʻikoʻi kumu he 1,5 kilokilo.
I ke kauwela, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻai, hoʻomaka ka iʻa i hiki aku i 6 kilokilo ke paona, a ua mākaukau nā wahine no ka makuahine. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua puka mai nā ʻano lua o ke ʻano nā lua lua, i hānau ʻia mai nā kāne male a ʻo nā wahine - he ʻano maoli ʻo ia.
Poke? I? O man?
He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka firmgeon a me ka sterlet? ʻO ka ʻokoʻa i ka nui ka mana nui. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Sterlet ka mea liʻiliʻi loa i kēia ʻohana. I nā poʻe ma waena, e lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kanaono kenimita. Kaumaha mai ke one a ʻelua kilograma. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka male ʻōpiopio. Kūpono lākou i ʻelima mau makahiki he ʻelima, a ʻo nā wahine ma hope aku: i ʻehiku a ʻewalu paha mau makahiki. Kuhi ʻole ʻia ka waiwai o kēia iʻa. Hiki ke bred i nā loko a me nā loko. Ke kiʻi ka paona ma ka 16 kg. Kūlike nā sturgeons ma ko lākou ʻoi aku ka nui a hiki ke kāpaʻa a hiki i ka 100 kilograms, ko lākou lōʻihi ma kahi o 5 mika.
ʻO ka lōʻihi a me ka lōʻihi, ua hāʻawi i kahi mau hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau hanauna ʻelua i lalo.
- He poʻo kikowaena ke poʻo o ka sterlet a me kahi ihu lōʻihi. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i ka tendril i ke ʻano o kahi fringe.
- ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā firmgeons ka heleʻana o nā pale ma mua o nā unahi, kahi ʻokoʻa i ka nui. Ma ka hope o ka sterlet i loaʻa nā pōkole e puka mai ana mai ka ʻōpū o nā iwi, aia ka nui o 70. He kūkaʻa ka 58.
- Ma mua o ka hoʻōla, noho nā mea paʻa i loko o ke kai, a i loko wale nō o ka manawa e pono ai e komo i ka hua keiki, hele ka iʻa i ka wai hou - he mau mākaʻi lākou. Akā ʻo ka sterlet i hōʻike ʻia e ka sedentaryity, ʻokoʻa i ka firmgeon.
- He maloʻo ka firmgeon, a ʻo ka sterlet ka nui o ka momona momona, ʻo ia ka 30% kūhelu ʻalima ʻumikūmālima no ka firmgeon. Ua mahalo nā gourmets āpau i ka leʻaleʻa a me ka leʻaleʻa maikaʻi o ka sterlet.
- ʻElua mau ʻāpana ʻelua i ka caviar. Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka sterlet, ʻo ka caviar i loko o ia mea e liʻiliʻi loa ma mua o ka firmgeon. ʻO kona nui ka aneane e like me nā beads a ʻoi aku ka saturated o ke kala.
No laila, ʻike mākou i nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā iʻa ʻelua: ʻōlelo nā ʻatikala zoological āpau i ʻōlelo like ʻole me ka hui ʻole ʻo ka firmgeon he ʻano ʻiʻo ka ʻohana stabilgeon. He lālā ʻo Sterlet kahi pūʻulu o kēia kolamu. Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona: ke poʻo kuʻikiʻi a me ka ihu ākea lōʻihi, ʻo ka hele ʻana o kahi antennae fringed a me kahi nui o nā pupu ma ke kua - he mau heluʻokoʻa nui kēia. ʻO ka paona a me nā dimenika ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā mea paʻa'ē aʻe. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka firmgeon ka meaʻoi aku ma mua o ka sterlet. He wahine hapanui ko ia a he kiʻi ʻaʻihi pīpīpī ʻole a lele ʻole mai ka wai wai i ke kai. He momona momona ka Sterlet a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻono.
E hoʻonani nā kīʻaha iʻa Sturgeon i kekahi papa ʻaina. ʻO ka pākī pono momi waiwai pono ʻia he pepeiao maikaʻi a me ka aspic. Sturgeon a sterlet āu e makemake ai e koho no ʻoe iho. Hiki i kēia mau koho ke hana i mea e hoʻolaʻa ai no kekahi pākaukau.
Hōʻailona āpau o ka firmgeon
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Beluga lāua ʻo Kaluga ka nui o nā hoahānau pili wai. Noho lōʻihi kēia mau iʻa i ka lauratory, i kekahi mau makahiki o kekahi mau kenekulia e hele i hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki.
ʻO nā palapala Hybrid ka huaʻōlelo i lalo:
- beluga a me ka sterlet (maikaʻi loa),
- stellate sturgeon and beluga,
- beluga
- sturgeon a beluga.
ʻO kēia mau hybrides ka mea noho nui o ka moana o Azov, a loaʻa i kekahi manawa i loko o kekahi mau kōkana.
ʻO ka pulple Beluga kahi mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, akā maikaʻi loa ia no ka hana ʻana i nā balyks. Loaʻa ka caviar ʻeleʻele maikaʻi loa mai kēia ʻelele.
ʻO kahi kiʻi i loaʻa e ke ala ʻana i kahi beluga a ʻo ka sterlet ka mea ʻoi aku ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ke koi nui nei kēia ʻano ma muli o nā meaʻaiʻaiʻai. He mea maikaʻi ʻole ia no ka mea e hoihoi i nā poʻe e makemake e hoʻowai i kahi huahana i mea kupaianaha loa i ka momona no ka mea o kona ʻano waho a me nā aesthetics. ʻAno ka huakaʻi o ke caviar i kahi hoʻoliʻi loa i ka caviar beluga.
ʻO nā mea nui o ka hoʻoulu ʻia o ka huaʻai e kū mai ai ka hakahaka, no ka mea i nā mea i loaʻa i nā biology, ulu nui nā ʻano o ka migratory i ka wā i ulu ai nā loko.
ʻO kahi mea i manaʻo nui ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i ka ʻoihana mea i lilo i mea kanu i waena o ka beluga a me ka sterlet - ʻoi loa.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano makua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea hoʻopiʻi ma ka hoʻopale hydrochemical, he kiko momona ʻē aʻe, hoʻonui ʻia ke kū ʻana a me ke ola, a me ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu maikaʻi. ʻOi maikaʻi ka maikaʻi a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma kahi o nā makahiki he 3-5. Hāpai nā mea hoʻoulu ʻia i loaʻa e ka hele ʻana i kahi hanauna maikaʻi mua me ka beluga hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi noho kūmau a ulu wikiwiki.
I mea e loaʻa ai nā hanauna mua loa, ʻo nā hua beluga, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia me ka sperm mai nā mania kāne. No 1 mau huaʻai, ua lawe ʻia he 10 ml o ka sperm i kahi hoʻomake o 1: 200. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā hua manu degere no 6-9 mau lā i nā mea hana a Yushchenko (100 mau huahe o kēlā me kēia hanahana). Hoʻokū ʻia nā hua pua i nā paʻi VNIRO a i ʻole nā ʻupena he 2 x 1.5 x 0.5 m ka nui, hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā loko i nā ʻano kaiahu zooplankton kiʻekiʻe, me kahi pae o 20 mau kahe. i ka paila 1. Ma hope o 3 mau lā o ka kanu ʻana i ka cages, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā ululāʻau e kō i nā loko wai me kahi wahi o 1-2 ha a me ka hohonu o 1.8-2 m, kahi mālama ʻia lākou ma ke kanu ʻana o ka 150 tausani pcs / ha no nā lā 30-40 i ke paona o 3 g.
Ke kau nei ka iʻa ʻōpio he 3 g ka waiho ʻia i loko o nā loko wai me kahi he 1-2 ha a ka hohonu o 1.8-2 m a me ka hohonu o ka lau aku a me ka wai ʻole, i ka pae o 20-30 tausani pcs / ha. Ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻomohala maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka mea kanu.
ʻO kekahi manawa hāʻawi nā mea kanu firmgeon i nā mahiʻai me ka caviar fertilized. Ma kēia hihia, pono ke loaʻa ʻana o ka māla i kahi papa hana incubation, i palaoa, outgrows, ke hoʻoilo a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā loko wai, a me kahi huli o ʻekolu makahiki, nā lua kauoha e ulu a me nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo. Mai nā māla ulu e ulu ana, loaʻa nā makahiki ma ke kauwela o 5-6 ° C a ua kau ʻia i nā pāpale hoʻoilo ma ka nui o ka 150 tausani mau unit / ha. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā makahiki o ka hānai i ka mea hānai e lawe i ka manawa ma hope o ka heʻe ʻana o ka hau. ʻElua mau makahiki ʻelua i hōʻea i ka lehulehu he 0.7-0.8 kg i kūʻai ʻia, a ke waiho ʻia ke koena e ulu a ulu.
ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ka waiwai o ka loko loko maikaʻi maoli ma mua o 200 kg / ha, no laila, i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka huaʻai iʻa kiʻekiʻe, ʻai ʻia nā kīʻaha e pili ana i nā māhele o ka holoholona holoholona (liʻiliʻi iʻa, ʻai koko, ka ʻona a me ka iwi ʻai, a me ka palaoa soy, silkworm pupa, etc.).
Hiki i kahi ʻāpana o nā iʻa ke loli e ka iʻa, honu, gammarids, artemia, baki. No ka wikiwiki i ka ʻai ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā mea ʻalaʻala i ka mea hānai: anise, peppermint, lavender, aila melemele (1-2 mau pākahi i 1 kg o ka ʻai).
Ua kau ʻia ka hānai he mau manawa 2-3 i ka lā ma kahi o nā māka hānai a i ʻole nā papa i kau ʻia ma ka pā o 12-15 pcs. a ha 1 ha.
Ke ulu ka ulu ʻana o nā makahiki āpau, ʻaʻole pono nā loko o ka loko i loko o nā alawa a me ka wā e ulu ana nā wai a me nā makahiki.
No ka hoʻohana piha ʻana o ka waihona forage maoli o ka loko o nā loko, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hybrideson solidgeon i polyculture a i ʻole ka mea kanu mea kanu. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe e like me kēia (ma ka% a stabilgeon): kahi kalima - a hiki i ka 2, tench - mai 5 a 7, mauʻu ʻōpala - a hiki i 3, pike perch - a hiki i 2, pena kīmaha keʻokeʻo - a hiki i ka 40, motley ʻoki kālā - a hiki i ka 30.
ʻO ka nui o nā hybrida kūkaʻi o nā makahiki ʻē aʻe a hiki i 30%.
No ka ulu ʻana o nā piliona kūkaʻi, nā loko wai me kahi hohonu hohonu o ka liʻiliʻi o 1,5 m a me kahi pākeke ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 ha pono e hoʻohana ʻia. Ma ka hana o nā underyearlings, ke kaupaona nei ka poʻe i ka 15 g i ka wa i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā hybrids, no ka mea e noho haʻahaʻa loa kā lākou ulu i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
I ke kolu o ka makahiki, ʻoi ka ulu o ka ulu o nā mea maikaʻi loa, no laila e aʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i kahi hoʻololi no ʻekolu makahiki.
Me ka paʻakai wai a hiki i 12%, piʻi ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o nā huaʻai firmgeon, e hiki ai ke ulu iā lākou i loko o nā waihona waiwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Ma kahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa i nā loko, hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i nā māla ma waena o ka paukū a me ka spike, stellate stabilgeon a paʻa pū hoʻi. Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā pilia prolific e loaʻa ʻaʻole wale i ka ʻiʻo, akā i ka caviar hoʻi. ʻO A. A. Burtsev i kūkulu i kahi ala no ka hana intravital o ka caviar mai nā solidides solidides. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hana ʻia kahi incision 12-15 cm lōʻihi ma ka ʻōpū o nā wahine, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke caviar, a ʻālaʻi ʻia ka incision me kahi lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka iʻa hoʻāla ʻia i nā makahiki 2-3 a hiki ke hāʻawi i ka caviar.
ʻO nā poʻe inoa o ka firmgeon, he ihu hoe ka mea i hoʻohiki ʻia no ka kanu ʻana i ka wai, ʻai nui ʻo ia ma ka plankton a loaʻa ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka nui, kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ke ola ʻana, a me nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi.
- Kua hope
- Naua
ʻO ka iʻa maikaʻi loa: ka wehewehe, ka hoʻomākaukau, ka hoʻopili, nā pono a me nā hōʻino
ʻAʻole maikaʻi ʻo Best ʻoi aku ka mea ola kūʻokoʻa kū hoʻokahi, akā he puaahi o nā mea ʻelua i loaʻa e ka crossbreeding kūlohelohe - beluga a me ka sterlet. Loaʻa ʻia ka inoa mai nā huaʻōlelo mua a nā inoa o kēia mau iʻa. ʻO ka ʻaila beluga a me ka sterlet ka iʻa paʻa. Ua loaʻa kēia hybrid i ka makahiki 1952 e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hana o nā Soviet ichthyologists Nikolayukin N.I. a me Timofeeva N.A. ma ke kumu o ka pahchery Teplovsky ma ka māhele Saratov.
Ua hōʻike koke aku ʻo Best ʻoi loa i kāna hana maikaʻi ma muli o ka ulu wikiwiki, e like me ka beluga, ka ulu a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻano o ka sterlet. I kēia manawa, he mea ia e pili ana i nā mea ʻalaʻaka ma Russia, Kelemānia, ʻAtalia, Polani, USA Kina, South Korea, Iapana a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Ka wehewehe maikaʻi loa
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hiki ʻana i 1,8 ka lōʻihi me ke kaupaona a hiki i 30 kg. ʻOiai ka mea no ka mea maikaʻi loa, he māpana wale nō ia, ʻaʻole hiki ke kau wale, akā maikaʻi nō hoʻi.
Aia kekahi hanana hou ʻelua o nā mea maikaʻi loa: 1) beluga a me 2) sterlet, kahi like loa i nā hiʻohiʻona morphological, anatomical a me ka physiological. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka beluga, ʻo kekahi o kāna mau kikoʻī he 63 kg o ka paona a he 230 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai ka mea maikaʻi o ka paukū ʻaʻole e ulu hou ka 10 kg ma ke paona a me 110 cm ka lōʻihi.
Mai ka beluga, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka mea maikaʻi loa i nā pālua ʻelua o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi me ka puhihi a ʻole i ʻoki ʻia ma ka hope o ka antennae.
Ma kahi kanaka kūikawā, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kino kino mai kekahi kūpuna (beluga) a mai kekahi (sterlet), no laila hiki ke kau mai i ka hina a hiki i ka ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai ke hiki i nā ʻano hui like ʻole - ka ʻulaʻula a me ka hina-brown. ʻO ka maʻamau o ke kala o ke kua a me ka ʻōpū ma mua (ʻoi aku ka ʻeleʻele ma lalo o lalo).
Ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻoi aku
Manaʻo maikaʻi loa ka wai i nā wai o nā kuli (mai 0 a 18 a 18 mg /%). Me ka nui o ka oxygen i ka wai, e hoʻokaʻawale loa ia i nā mahana a hiki i 34 ° C, akāʻo ka pae wela ma waena o ka 20-25 ° C.
Hoʻopili wale ʻia e nā mea make, i ka wā o ka hua o nā hua o ke ʻano lāʻau hoʻokahi me ke kōkua o ka waiū o kekahi. Ma kahi o ka beluga wahine maikaʻi loa no ka manawa hiki ke hoʻopau i ka 200-500 tausani huaʻai, sterlet - 20-100 mano, maʻamau - 100-300 tausani. I nā kāne o nā mea kola maʻamau a me ka sterlet, ʻike ʻia ʻo puberty i ka makahiki 4-5, beluga - ma 8- 9 mau makahiki, ma nā wahine ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka sterlet bester - ma ka makahiki 5-9, beluga - ma 9-14 mau makahiki.
ʻAi ʻia nā ʻōleʻa me nā zooplankton, nā chironomids liʻiliʻi a me nā mea hānai huaʻai, a me nā pākeke me nā lako pūʻai a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.
ʻOi loa ka kuke ʻana
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa momona a me ka momona, a ma nā mea āpau āpau, ʻaʻohe ʻano haʻahaʻa i nā pūlohi ʻē aʻe. Ka waiwai o kona caviar ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o nā stellate stabilgeon a me nā mea paʻa'ē aʻe.
Hiki ke mākaukau maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā ʻano like ʻole - kuke, palaoa, kākala, kālua. He kūpono hoʻi ia no ka hana balyk.
Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi ʻo Loa Loa
Loaʻa i ka iʻa ka waiwai nui ma muli o kona palabability kiʻekiʻe a me ka nui o ka protein i loaʻa i loko (a hiki i 21%). Eia kekahi, ʻike maʻalahi kēia mau mea i mua o ko mākou kino, e hoʻohālikelike pono i ka hoʻohuihui amino amino. ʻO ka ʻiʻo ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa he nui ka nui o nā huaora (ma mua aʻe o ke A a me ka D) a me nā kinenona mineral (calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus a me ka hao)
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kumu o nā momona polyunsaturated (Omega-3), nā mea e pono ai ke kino o ke kanaka e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka metabolism, ʻo nā antioxidant ikaika loa, he hopena anti-inflammatory, a hoʻohiolo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka atherosclerosis a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular.
Nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoi aku ʻoi loa:
- uluhua, noʻonoʻo a me ke kino holoʻokoʻa,
- gastritis a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o ka gastrointestinal tract,
- kokohiwi,
- osteoporosis, ʻĀpilikia a me nā ʻĀpeku,
- nā keiki a ʻōpio
- nā hemahema o vitamina.
Kālā
He mea kūleʻa ia o ka mahiʻai ʻana ma Russia, Kelemānia, Polani, Italia, USA, Iapana, Kina, South Korea, me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Beluga.
Biology
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wai o ka wai (mai ka 0 a hiki i ka 18 ‰). I ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai me ka oxygen, kū ia me kahi mahana a hiki i 34 ° C. ʻO ka mahana kūpono no ka ulu ʻana he 20-25 ° C.
ʻO ka moʻomeheu wale nō nā mea maʻamau. Loaʻa ka huahana kūlohelohe (caviar a me ka waiū) i ka hoʻoilo-wai hoʻoilo, mai Pepeluali a Iune (ma muli o ke ʻano wai) e nā ʻano intravital.
ʻO ka momona o ka wahine ʻoi aku ka momona ma kahi o 100 a 300 mau huaʻa, beluga kahi maikaʻi loa - mai 200 a 500 mau hua aila a me ka sterlet bester - mai 20 a 100 tausani hua. Hiki i nā keiki ʻo nā ʻōpio ke hele ʻana i ka wā akomi ma ka makahiki 4-5 mau makahiki, nā wahine - i 5-9 mau makahiki o ka mea maikaʻi loa a ʻo ka sterlet bester. Maʻa ʻo Beluga kahi maikaʻi ma hope aku: ʻoi aku nā kāne ma 8-9 mau makahiki, nā wahine ma 9-14 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 170 cm, ʻo ke kaumaha a hiki i 30 kg, ʻoi aku ka beluga maikaʻi aʻe i 63 kg me ka lōʻihi o 230 cm a me ka sterlet bester - a hiki i ka 10 kg me ka lōʻihi o 110 cm.
I nā lā 3-5 mua, hoʻomaka nā Larvae e hoʻoulu aʻai i ka zooplankton, nā chironomids liʻiliʻi, a me nā mea kanu granulated ʻano. ʻO ka papaʻai o nā pākeke ka iʻa o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻai liʻiliʻi.
Kāne hiʻohiʻona
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi mahele a ʻokoʻa kekahi mau mea mai nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana firmgeon. Aia ka pūhaka o nā hua mālima (ʻelima ma ka huina) ma ke kino o kēia iʻa, ʻo ia nā mākaʻi maopopo o ke kuleana o kekahi pua hanohano. Inā ʻoe e nānā kokoke i kēia iʻa, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke kuhikuhi maʻalahi i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano makua ʻelua:
- Aia nā antennae (2 pcs.), Aia lākou ma lalo o ka moʻo nui, e ʻike ʻia ma ka beluga. Hiki i ke kaʻina hana ona lilac, loaʻa kahi hōʻailona a ʻohiʻoki paha me nā kiko lau o ka lau.
- ʻO ka waha, kona ʻano, ua like ia me ka waha o ka beluga a me ka sterlet.
- Hiki paha ke pīhoihoi paha ʻo Kohler, ʻokoʻa ʻē ia mai ke aniani ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha.
- Aia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ʻōpū a me ke kua.
Ua ʻoki ʻia a ka waiū a me ka waiū i ka hoʻoilo a me ka wā mua. Hiki i ka wahine ke hoʻonui i nā hua he ʻekolu haneli, a ʻo ka beluga mea maikaʻi hiki ke hoʻōla a hiki i ka hapalua miliona mau ʻōpū. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa nui, a i ka lōʻihi o 175 cm kona lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku kona koʻikoʻi ma mua o ke kanakolu kilokilā. ʻO kaʻai o ke anana ka mea ʻai o ka palaoa, hoʻomaka lākou e hānai iā lākou i kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻAi nā iʻa pākeke i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka meaʻai maʻa. ʻO ka mahana loa o ka wai ma ka wai i hōʻoluʻolu ai ka iʻa ma kahi o iwakāluakumālima mau mākeleka Celsius.
Nā Kuhi Hana Kahi
I mea e ulu a ulu ai ka iʻa, pono ia e hoʻoikaika a hoʻoulu ʻia. Noho ka iʻa ma nā wai wai me ka mahana o ka wai ma luna o +20 degere, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ma nā wahi hema o ka ʻāina. ʻAʻole pono ma mua o ka hemolele, ʻoi aku ma mua o 12%, i loko o ka wai i mea e hōʻoluʻolu ai ka mea maikaʻi. I ka wā o ka hoʻomohalaʻana i nā palaka, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka brackishness i 3%. ʻOi maikaʻi ka ulu ʻana o "ʻoi i loko o ke kaiāulu" o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe:
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka mea maikaʻi loa me ke kalima;
ʻO ka maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka noho ʻana ma nā hale waihona ʻala;
- ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hana maikaʻi (sterlet a beluga)
- lilo ʻana iʻa iʻa
- ka huakai o nā hua,
- ulu palaoa,
- ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o kahi kōnaehana
- e hānai ana i ka iʻa a hiki i 3.2 kg,
- hooulu ana i ka iʻa i ka loko.
Inā pili ʻoe pono i nā koi i kau inoa ʻia, a laila ʻaʻole e lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke ʻano o nā mea kū i ke kau ʻana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai aku i ke ola maikaʻi loa ma Moscow a me nā māhele ʻo Mosia me ka hāʻawi ʻana i kā mākou pūnaewele
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mea maikaʻi
Ua hāʻawi ʻo Nikolyukin i ka inoa i nā pōloli, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ua hana ʻia me nā syllables mua o nā ʻano iʻa, akā ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "maikaʻi" i unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Pelekane ʻo "best". A noho a pili ke kōka i kona inoa. ʻO ka hopena ka mea hōʻeuʻeu. Ma nā loko, ua ulu ka iʻa kūkaʻi a lawe mai i nā hua, akā naʻe, ʻo ko lākou moʻomeheu i mau miliona mau makahiki e hoʻopau ai, a he make paha kekahi hoʻololi i ko lākou wahi. A i kēia manawa, e like me nā kalapu maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻomohala i nā loko.
Kakau ʻia ka ulu ʻana o nā huaola mua i ka mau makahiki 2 a hiki i ka nui o ka 1 kg a ʻoi aku.
I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi kumuhana no ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻoihana. Ua hoʻoili i kēia mau kīhāpai i nā maikaʻi maikaʻi loa: ʻo ka hiki ke noho i loko o ka wai wai, hoʻonui nui ʻia, kaiʻai mua a me ka momona maikaʻi loa.
ʻO ke kala o ka mea maikaʻi loa hiki ke lilo i ka hina a ʻeleʻele paha i ka hina beige. ʻO ka nānā aku ua like me ka sterlet, akā ulu wikiwiki 3-4 mau manawa.
Nui nā mana o nā mea ʻoi loa: Burtsevsky, Aksai a me Vnirovsky - ka mea maikaʻi loa. Pahuala ʻia kēia mau hanauna āpau i nā makahiki o ke kō.
ʻOi aku ka ʻili a ʻili paha. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻiʻo ʻoi aku ka momona ma mua o ka ʻono o ka firmgeon maʻamau.
ʻAno hānau
I loko o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole kanu nā biesters i kā lākou iho, ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻalahi kēia mau pōpoki.
Ua hānai ʻia nā mea maikaʻi me ka iʻa lau a i ʻole nā lau iʻa.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hana i ka pūnāwai, hāʻawi ʻia lākou i nā injection pituitary, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā huahana sex sex. Hoʻomaka ʻia ka lematur ma ka sterlet ma hope o ka 24-25 mau hola, a i loko o ka beluga ma hope o nā hola 48-60. E kiʻi i nā hua mai ka wahine, pepehi ʻia ka wahine a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke koko, no ka mea hiki ke komo i ka hua.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka caviar Beluga ma loko o nā paipu a hoʻohui ʻia i ka spletlet sperm iā ia. Lawe ʻia ʻo Sperm mai nā mea hana lehulehu kāne. Ma hope o kekahi mau minuke, ʻau ʻia ka wai, a ʻauʻau ʻia ka caviar ma ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka pākolo a i ʻole ka wai kahawai e waiho ai kona pili. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻouna ʻia i ka incubation. Hoʻomoe ka incubation ma kahi o 5-10 lā, e kau ana kona lōʻihi ma luna o ka mahana o ka wai.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pālua i ka loko wai. Hoʻouna ʻia nā ʻōhule e hānai ikaika ana i nā loko. ʻOi ʻia ka mea i ʻai ʻia i ka iʻa a me ka iʻa ʻole.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
Kāleka ʻoi aku ka iʻa 147 kcal
I ka ikehu ka waiwai o ka iʻa maikaʻi (Ka hoʻohālikelike o nā protein, nā momona, nā huapalapala - bju).
Loaʻa (e like me nā huaʻōlelo mua o nā hua'ōlelo ʻo Beluga lāua ʻo Sterlet), he iʻa o ka ʻohana firmgeon, he pua o ka beluga a me ka sterlet. Hoʻopuka ka spimimens i nā pākeke i 180 cm ka lōʻihi a 30 mau kilamu o ka paona Ua hoʻohana ʻo Bester i ka nānā mai ka "mau mākua", akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ia mea. Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka kala o ka ʻoi aku ke kala a hina hina i kahi hina me kahi an beige. ʻO ka papa pua mua o ka beluga a me ka sterlet i loaʻa i ka 1952 ma USSR e N.I. Nikolyukin. Hoʻohui ka maikaʻi ʻo Bester i ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka beluga a me ka wā o ka hoʻōla mua ʻana o ka paukū
Na puaʻa ʻoi
Loaʻa - ka mea wale i ka iʻa o ka iʻa kūkaʻe, nona ke ola i loko o ka ʻakiko i kākoʻo ʻia no ke ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua mau haneli, me ka hana hou o nā hanauna he ʻekolu. I ka ʻike o ka iʻa a me nā hiʻohiʻona waiwai, hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia me nā ʻano ʻano mua - beluga a me ka sterlet. A i ʻole ka pono kumu - ka mea maikaʻi, nona nā ʻāpana like o ka hoʻoilina o nā ʻano nā ʻano mua, ʻo nā back-crosses o ka mea maikaʻi loa me ka beluga (B. BS) a me ka sterlet (S. BS), loaʻa iā ia ka moʻomeheu o ka beluga a i ka paukū. Hāʻawi ʻia e ke aluhi ʻana i kā lākou alakaʻi i nā hōʻailona a me nā waiwai. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa nā mana i kēia mau mana 3 mau keiki male brester : "Burtsevskaya" (Beluga + Sterlet), "Vnirovskaya" (Beluga + BeSter) a me "Aksai" (Sterugli + BeSter), ua hōʻoia i ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana i nā makahiki he mau makahiki o ka kanu ʻana i ka mahiʻai ʻana.
Loaʻa ʻo Burtsevsky maikaʻi loa - kahi huki intergeneric mai ke kū ʻana o ka beluga wahine a me kahi pālua kāne, loaʻa mua i ka makahiki 1952. He like like ia me ka sterlet i ke ʻano. Loaʻa ka maturity i nā kāne i nā makahiki 4, i nā wahine i 8 mau makahiki o kona ola. Ke kapu - 120 tausani hua. Ua hōʻea nā makahiki i nā nui o ka 100 gram, ʻelua mau makahiki - 700 gram, ʻekolu makahiki - 1500 kākā.
ʻO kēia ʻanoʻano mea he mea lawaiʻa o ka lawaiʻa, ʻo ka hopena hope loa o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he iʻa me ke kino paona ma mua o 1 kg. Me kēia, hoʻohana ia no ka hana ʻana o ka caviar uliuli meaʻai, aia nui ka noi i ka mākeke.
ʻO Aksaysky maikaʻi loa , a ʻo ka sterlet maikaʻi loa - kahi intergeneric return hybrid mai ka hele ʻana i kahi sterlet wahine me kahi kāne ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ua loaʻa mua i ka 1958. I ka makahiki 1969 a me 1973 Loaʻa nā loaʻa nā Sterlet x Bester mau hoihoi i ka pā holoholona ʻo Aksai ma ka Rostov Region. I ka helehelena ka like me ka lepa, akā he ʻāpana nui a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha. He hiʻohiʻona ia me ka wā poperty ma ke ʻano like me nā puka mua. Loaʻa nā wahine i ka wā wili ma ka makahiki 3 o nā kāne, ʻo nā kāne ma ka mau makahiki 2. ʻO ka awelika kumukūʻai loa he 40 tausani mau hua. Ua hōʻea nā makahiki i nā nui o ka 60 mau kekona, ʻelua mau makahiki - 500 gram a me ʻekolu makahiki - 1000 gram.
ʻO Vnirovsky maikaʻi loa , a i ʻole Beluga maikaʻi loa - kahi intergeneric return hybrid mai ka hele ʻana i ka wahine ʻo Beluga me kahi kāne ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa, loaʻa mua i ka 1958. ʻO ka lua o ka hele ʻana ma ʻō ma ka makahiki 1965 ma ka hale kūʻai ʻo Rogozh stabilgeon ma ka ʻāina ʻo Rostov. Mai 1965 hana ʻia ma ka hana i koho ʻia ma ka māla launa o Aksai o ka ʻāina Rostov.
Ma o kāna mau hōʻailona i waho, ke kokoke mai nei ka Vnirovsky ʻoi loa i ka beluga. Ua ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka mea maikaʻi, ʻo ia kekahi paona nui. Ua hiki i ka wā opio i ka makahiki 8 (kāne) a me 14 (wahine) makahiki. ʻO ka palupalu o nā wahine he 2.5 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mea maikaʻi a ʻoi aku hoʻi 6 mau manawa e ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka sterlet bester, ma ka manawa he 300 tausani.hua manu. ʻOi aku ka koi ma mua o ka maikaʻi o ka hānai a me nā kūlana e ulu ai.
ʻOi ka ʻenehana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi
Ke ulu nei i kahi mea kōkua ʻoi aku e pono ai ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui. Manaʻo ʻia ka mahana no ka ulu ʻana o ka maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka 20-25 ° C, no laila ke kuhikuhi pono ʻia ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka wai momona. Hiki i ka paʻakai o ka wai i ka wā o ke kūlohelohe ʻana a hiki i ka 10-12%, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai aniani ma mua o ka waiū. I ka wā e hoʻoulu ai i ka caviar maikaʻi loa a me nā lālau e ulu ana, ʻaʻole pono ka nui o ka wai o ka wai ma mua o ka 2-3%.
Loaʻa nā meaʻai maikaʻi loa
Loaʻa - he mea wānana, ʻokoʻa kaʻai ʻana. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻoi ka mea maikaʻi loa e hānai ai i nā mea inikini a me kā lākou pili, nā mauʻu liʻiliʻi, nā wīwī, nā mollusks a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopili maʻalahi me nā hana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā wai hoʻomo a me nā loko wai pilikino mai nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, kumu haʻahaʻa, ke hoʻololi ʻana i nā pike, pike a perch a perch paha.
Maikaʻi maikaʻi loa ka ʻai ʻana i nā māla maloʻo nui. ʻO ka mea wale nō kā ia e ʻai ai, ʻo ka ʻai wale nō ia no ka mea ʻai, no ka mea ma lalo kēia a ʻai a ʻai i ka meaʻai mai lalo. Aia kekahi manawa e hānai ana ʻo ia mai ka lima, akā me ka meaʻai maloʻo wale nō.
ʻO ka pana ʻana o ka ʻaʻai maikaʻi ʻoi aku me ka iʻa puaʻa
Pono e ulu i nā loko i ka polyculture me ka iʻa puaʻa - nā ʻōpala mauʻu a me ke kalepa kālā, ʻaʻole ia ʻo nā mea hoʻokūkū i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ke koʻa me nā keʻa maikaʻi loa me ka kalima, ʻo kāna mea hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o nā mea paʻa i loko o nā loko wai i mea maʻalahi wale nō. Hoʻokomo maikaʻi ʻia ka Biotechnology no ka loaʻa a me ka ulu nui o nā ʻono kūmau.
ʻO ka momona o ka momona o ka momona loa
Ua ʻike ka poʻe a pau ka ʻiʻo kūkaʻi, akā ʻaʻole nā mea a pau e ʻike i nā ʻano ʻono o ka ʻiʻo maikaʻi ma mua o ka firmgeon maʻamau. ʻO nā huahana ʻai maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi maikaʻi ma muli o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka momona o ka momona ma nā ʻōpū o nā mākia a me nā ʻano o nā loli e kū mai ana i ka wā kuke. ʻO ka momona ma ka mea maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole wale wale nō ma ka māhele spinal, akā nō hoʻi i ka mānoanoa o ka ʻiʻo, hāʻawi kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka ʻono kūikawā no ka balychny a me nā huahana i hoʻolapalapa ai. Ka nui o nā huaora e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i ka hana holoʻokoʻa o ke kino, a me ka hana a kāna mau lālā a me nā ʻōnaehana: cardiac, nerve, immune, immune, vascular. Hoʻomoe nā mea momona a me nā momona momona i ka hana lolo a me ka ʻike, he pale ia i ke kū'ē ʻana i ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka naʻau a me nā neoplasms malignant. A ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa no ka papa liʻiliʻi me ka liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo i ka iʻa koʻikoʻi mau meaʻai, akā hewa nō hoʻi e hoʻokohu ʻia i nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe. 100 kalona o kēia iʻa he 147 kcal.
ʻO nā kaʻina hana
Kahi i ka pānaehana commodity firmgeon piha, ʻo ka ʻenehana ʻenehana no ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hana e hana ai: ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka beluga a me nā mea hana i hana ʻia a i ʻole koho o nā mea hana māhani i ulu ʻia ma ka mahiʻai, loaʻa ka huahana kūlohelohe a me ka wā o ka moa, ka incubating hua, mālama a hoʻomohala i nā ʻōpala, hoʻomākaukau ʻoihana o nā wai e ulu ai nā mea ulu, ulu ka wai i hoʻopōmaʻomaʻo i ka paʻu o ka 3 mau grama, ka lawaiʻa mua o nā loko wai ulu, ʻoihana a me ka halihali ʻana i ka wai momona maikaʻi, ulu ka pā maikaʻi ʻana o nā makahiki maikaʻi loa, hoʻoilo, ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku ʻelua makahiki ʻo Bester, ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka iʻa kūʻai kūʻai, hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻai, ko lākou mālama a me ka hoʻomākaukau, nā kāla o ka hoʻoponopono a me nā ʻōpala o Bester.
I ke kiʻi o nā makahiki keu ʻo Bester
I kekahi mau mahiʻai, ma kahi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka poʻe ʻōpio a me ke kākoʻo i nā mea hana, hoʻonaninani ʻia nā kaila momona piha ʻekolu mau grika mai nā hatcheries kūikawā.
ʻAi a me nā loiloi no ka ulu maikaʻi ʻana i nā mahiʻai iʻa
Nā poʻe hōʻikeʻike | Hui o ke ana | No nā mahiʻai kūikawā | No nā loko loko i kālai ʻia |
beluga (wahine) X sterlet (male) a hoʻi hou i ka beluga | |||
Ka Waihona Caviar Fertilization | % | 80 | 80 |
Ke puka ʻana mai o nā ʻōpio mai nā hua paʻipaʻi | % | 70 | 60 | % | 60 | 50 |
Ke puka ʻana o nā ʻōpio o nā ʻoi aku maikaʻi loa mai nā wai ʻekolu i piha ʻia mai nā loko i waho | % | 70 | 60 |
ʻO ka awelika o ka makahiki ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi | g | 80 | 50 |
Mea hoʻonā o ka ʻāina o ka makahiki i ka wā hānau | mano kaukani / ha | 150 | 150 |
ʻOi mau makahiki ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma hope o ka hoʻoilo | % | 80 | 80 |
ʻO ka hopena o nā biennials komoditi | % | 80 | 80 |
Ke ulu pono ʻoi aku ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana kūʻai aku, ʻo ka huahana a me nā paona e hiki mai ana:
ʻO ka huaʻai iʻa e ulu ai nā loko, kg / ha
ma kahi pākēneka i ʻekolu ʻekolu grika
makahiki 800
ʻO ka huaʻai iʻa e ʻai ai i nā loko wai, kg / ha
iʻa maʻamau me ka iʻa herbivorous 1750
hānai 1250
ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia o ka iʻa no ka ulu ʻana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā mahiʻai ʻoi aku ka kanu ʻana.
Kuhi paʻa no ke kaupaona ʻana, g
mea kanu waena waena mea maikaʻi 40
ka nui o ka awelika o ka ʻelua mau makahiki ʻelua ʻoi aku 400
ka helu awelika o ka ʻekolu mau makahiki ʻekolu o ka ʻoi aku ʻo 1000
Kūpono o ka kanu ʻana i nā pilī i nā kahe mesh me nā wai pānaʻi, pcs / m²
i ka makahiki mua o ka ulu ʻana o ka maikaʻi ʻo 200-300
i ka makahiki ʻelua o ka ulu ʻana 100
i nā makahiki hou aʻe i 50
ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o nā mea ʻelua he keu ma mua o ka wā e ulu nei,% 70
ʻO ka hoʻopuka o ka mea maikaʻi i nā makahiki ʻekolu i ka wā e ulu ana,% 80
ʻO ka hui pūʻana o ka hānai hānai no ka pilama kūkaʻi - maikaʻi loa (iʻa ʻia i ʻaʻa ʻia),%
ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka Hyer firmgeon Bester
ʻO kekahi mau lawaiʻa iʻa he paʻakikī ke ʻike ma ke komo ʻana i nā māka lawaiʻa a ʻupena no nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa. ʻO kēia nā huaʻai i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano o ke keʻe ʻana i ka ʻai (hybridization) o nā iʻa e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Akā hana ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka iʻa o ka iʻa e hana i nā māla me kekahi mau ʻano maikaʻi e pono ai ke kanaka. ʻO kahi kumu o kahi pōʻai kūleʻa i waena o nā kūlehu ʻo ka iʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, i hōʻike ʻia e ka ulu wikiwiki, ka wā mua a me ka ʻai momona a me ka caviar.
ʻOi maikaʻi loa - nā ʻano iʻa pānaʻi
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kahi iʻa i hoʻohuihui ʻia me ka iʻa paʻa. No ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia pilima, ua hele ʻia ke kāne kāne a me ka beluga wahine. Ua hele mai ka inoa i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo mua o nā hua ʻōlelo "beluga" a me ka "sterlet".
ʻO kēia iʻa ʻano ʻai i US US i 1952. Ua komo ʻo Profesor Nikolyukin i ka hana, a ua hoʻomau ʻia kāna haumāna Burtsev. No laila, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka hana ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka huaʻaina mua o ka honua paʻa o ka iʻa paʻa, hiki ke hānai i nā hua.
ʻO ka ʻohana Sturgeon me ka wehewehe a me ka kiʻi kiʻi
Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻohana ʻohana o ka moʻomeheu ʻano waiwai nui o ka iʻa, ka ʻiʻo a me ka caviar o ka manaʻo nui no ko lākou ʻono maikaʻi. ʻO kēia iʻa i nā kānaka kahiko o nā wai wai, i ka ʻohana o nā ʻili.
Noho ʻo Sturgeons i ka wā Cretaceous ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana o ka wai wai. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ka ʻohana firmgeon e like me 75 miliona mau makahiki. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka nui o nā firmgeons ma muli o ka hoʻopio predatory, ma muli o nā haumia o nā kino wai.
ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka nui o ka iʻa koʻikoʻi i alakaʻi ʻia e nā hana ʻoihana - ke hoʻokō ʻana i ka ʻāina, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā keʻena mana uila e hoʻolei i ka wai. Ke hoʻomaka nei nā ho'āʻo i ka hoʻouka hua ʻia i nā kūlana kūlohelohe i nā hale iʻa, akā, ʻaʻohe pono e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou helu.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻohana firmgeon
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka sturgeons i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka chord, cartilage, ka mea hana i ka ʻiwi o ka huila. ʻOiai i nā ʻōpio makua, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kino vertebral. I loko, ʻo kā lākou ʻeke a me ke ʻūwili e pili ana i ke kumu kū i ka cartilage.
Kūpono ke kino he elongated spindle, ʻelima mau laina o nā iwi ʻehā. Ua uhi ʻia ke poʻo o ka iʻa me nā pale pale iwi (nā pōpoki), ua like ka muzzle lōʻihi e like me kahi pua, a i ʻole cone.
Eia pū kekahi pū kekahi ma ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao (ʻelua) kēlā, aia kekahi i ka kua. Ma waena o nā ulia ua loaʻa nā palahele iwi a me nā papa. Aia ka hope dorsal kokoke i ka lālani o ka iʻa, ka pectoral radial fin i paʻa me ka māka, i ʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o ka lawena.
Hiki i ka ʻiʻo kino ke neʻe i mua, ʻaʻole nā niho nā solidgeons. Kuhi ʻia nā lalo o ke ʻōpū i ka antennae ʻehā. Loaʻa ka ʻāpana lawaiʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka spine, e pili pū ana me ka esophagus.
Loaʻa nā Sturgeons kahi pīpī - hole e alakaʻi mai ka lua gill a i ka ʻaoʻao o luna o kona uhi. ʻO nā ʻelele o kēia ʻohana ʻehā mau puʻupuʻu koʻikoʻi, nā membrane e pili ana i ka pharynx a pili i ka ʻāʻī.
Aia he mau mea hele a puni, ʻaʻohe hihi o nā lālā. Aia ka anus ma kahi kokoke o ke kumu o ka paʻu ventral. I loko o ka puana, he arterial cone, i loko o ka ʻōpū, aia kahi kikoʻe i kūwaho.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā unahi ka like me ka rhombus, he ganoid - he mea enamel. No kēia kumu, ua lōʻihi ka inoa o nā mea paʻa - nā cartilaginous ganoids.
Nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a me nā wahi noho o nā palekana
ʻO ka kahi o ka mga palekana ka wai o ka ʻĀkau Honu: e kaila ʻia a hiki i ka Tropic of Cancer. Wahi a ke ʻano o ke kaʻe ʻana, ua mahele ʻia ka ʻohana i nā ʻano ʻano:
- ma ka puka, semi-pass, freshwater.
Nā lāʻau Sturgeon - He mau wai ia kēia, i ka hoʻoilo, e waiho ana no nā kumu pala mai nā kai paʻakai a hiki i nā muliwai. ʻO ka wā puna o ka wai puna wai he puna a me ke kauwela, i ka manawa ke kau nei ka wai mai 15 a 20 20 C.
Hele mai ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo i kahi wai hou, kahi muliwai no ka hoʻoilo. Pālua ka semi-migratory kūloko i nā waha o nā muliwai a hoʻopau i ke kahakai, no ka mea, makemake lākou i ka wai paʻakai e hana pono ai.
Kahua wai - Noho ka poʻe noho mau o nā muliwai a me nā kahe i ka wai, ko lākou inoa ʻelua i noho.
Aia nā hiʻohiʻona paʻa āpau:
- nui ka laulā (no ka laʻana, hiki i ka beluga ke ulu a hiki i 500 kg), ka lōʻihi o ke ola (mai ka 100 a 20 mau makahiki), ka momona momona (ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona hua i loko o hoʻokahi kanaka), ʻano, meaʻai, ke ʻano.
Puberty i na firmgeons ma hope. Manaʻo ʻia nā wahine i ka moekolohe wahine e nā makahiki he 10-15, mau kāne - ma 10-12 mau makahiki. Aʻo ka wai momona a me ka pala, ua make ko lākou i ka wā ma mua.
He mea hoʻokaʻawale kahi kanaka kūʻokoʻa (koe wale nō ʻo sterlet) i kēlā me kēia makahiki, i ka wa i puaʻa ai ka iʻa, aneane ʻaʻole e hānai.
Mālama nui ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka punawai, kahi i loaʻa ai lākou i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā ʻōpala, nā mollusks, nā pepeke.
Beluga
ʻO ka ʻelele kahiko a ʻo ka ʻohana nui. Noho i kēia iʻa a hiki i ka 100 mau makahiki, e ulu ana a hiki i 10 mau mika, e loaʻa ana ke kaumaha a hiki i 3 tone. Ma waho, ua like like ia me kahi torpedo.
ʻO ke kino o ka beluga ma keʻokeʻo ma lalo, ʻeleʻele hina ma luna. Aia kona waha i kahi ʻaukā, he ʻaki ke kōkua i ka beluga e holo ai i kahi ākea, e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai.
Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, spawning i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau makahiki. He mea hoʻohua ʻo Beluga, makemake ʻo ia e hopu i nā kīpī, nā mokiki, ka puʻu, ka ʻaʻa, a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
Siberian firmgeon
Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino o kēia iʻa me nā papa iwi he nui, fulcra (pale ʻia nā iwi pale iwi). ʻAʻohe niho o ka firmgeon, e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kona waha, i mua o ka lako me nā antennae.
Noho kēia iʻa i nā loko o nā muliwai Siberian anuanu. Pono ka ola - 50 makahiki, hiki ke lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi o 3 mika, loaʻa ke kaumaha i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua hapa.
Hoʻomaka ka spawning i ka Iulai. Makemake ka iʻa i kahi kokoke i lalo, e hānai i nā poʻe noho lalo - mollusks, larvae chiromid, nā wīwī polychaete.
Kaluga
ʻO ka mākaʻi nui o ka stabilgeon, ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa e hiki ke piʻi i ka 5,5 m, aʻo ka paona he 1 ton. ʻO ka makahiki ola o Kaluga he 55 mau makahiki. ʻO ke heterogeneous ke kala o ke kino, ʻeleʻele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, ua ʻeleʻele loa nā ʻaoʻao a me hope.
Kahi ke ʻano o ke kalout the cone, kuhikuhi a a pōkole. ʻO ke ʻano o ka waha he ʻano pōkole nunui. Hoʻopili i nā papa kuʻuna i ke kino. Noho ʻo Kaluga ma ka Amur, Shilka, Argun, Sungari, ma kahi kokoke i ke kahakai o ke Kai o Okhotsk. Diet: chum, ʻulaʻula aiki, minnows.
Koiia
ʻO kēia ka iʻa liʻiliʻi loa ma waena o nā mea paʻa wai hou. Noho ʻo ia mai ka 25 a 30 mau makahiki, ulu a lōʻihi o 1,2 m, loaʻa ka nui o 16 kg. ʻElua mau ʻano o ka sterlet - Blunt-nosed, koi-koʻikoʻi.
Ke hilinaʻi piha nei kona kala i ka home. I ka hapanui pinepine, he mālamalama melemele māmā a ka iʻa, he kua poni-brown. ʻO ka papaʻai o ka sterlet e pili ana i nā mollusks, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā ʻōpū pepeke, le lepera.
ʻO ka home kahi i ka Caspian, ʻeleʻele, a me ke Kai o Azov. Aia kekahi hale paʻahao ma nā kahe - ma ka Volga, Don, Amur, Yenisei, Ob. Hiki i kēia iʻa i ka loko i loko o nā loko a me nā loko. Ke ulu mau nei ia.
Stellate firmgeon
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi ʻelele ʻōleʻa o ka ʻohana firmgeon e ka ʻenehana elongated loa o kahi ʻano ʻala ʻia. ʻAʻohe mea pīahiʻu ma luna o kona mau aniani, nā lālani pōpoki, nā uhi hōkū i uhi ʻia kona kino.
Noho ia ma nā kai ʻeleʻele, Caspian, Azov. Hiki i ka iho i lalo o 100 mika. Hoʻohui ka Stellate stabilgeon i ka 2 m i ka lōʻihi, e loaʻa ana ke kaumaha a hiki i 80 kg. He ʻōpū keʻokeʻo kona wahi, he ʻeleʻele uliuli-ʻeleʻele a me nā ʻaoʻao.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ia i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi - ka hipa, nā pipi, nā ʻalā, nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻalā i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka stellate stabilgeon ka pūnāwai a me ka hoʻoilo. ʻE pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa. Ma kahi o 90% o kēia mau kūlou he hopena o ka hoʻoponopono o ka ʻoihana.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka iʻa he ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka hapanui. Loaʻa iā ia kahi puʻu elongated, pale pale ma ka hope, ʻōpū, nā ʻaoʻao, antennae me kahi palani. ʻO ka lehelehe haʻahaʻa o ke kuʻekuʻe mau ka hoʻomau, ʻaʻohe māhele, e like me nā poʻe kū'ē aʻe.
Hōʻike ʻia ka iʻa e kahi kukui māmā, no laila ua loaʻa iā ia kahi inoa inoa ʻelua - paʻa paʻa paʻa. Habitat - Caspian, Aral, ʻUle, Azov moana, Danube, Ural, Kura nā muliwai.
Pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa. He ʻīpī ʻai kēia, nā pua me nā pua i ka wai i loko o ka wai, e noho ana i nā kai. Hiki i ka pua ke ulu a 2 mau mika ka lōʻihi. He hīmaʻomaʻo kēia a ka pipi na ka iʻa e ʻai ai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā mollusks, nā huaʻōlelo pepeke, a me nā mea kanu.
Lūkini mau Rūkini
ʻO kahi noho o kēia iʻa, ʻo ka Azov, ʻeleʻele, ke Kai Caspian. Nā wahi e pono ai - Kama, Volga, Ural, Dniester. ʻO ka paona o ka firmgeon Lūkini e piʻi mai 10 a 25 kg. Hiki i nā mea hoʻolimalima ke loaʻa ke kaumaha a hiki i 80 kg.
ʻO Russian firmgeon kahi lālā maʻamau o kona ʻohana. Hoʻopili kēia i ke ʻano o kona kino, ke poʻo, ka ʻūneke, ke ʻano o nā ʻalima o nā ʻōiwi. Ke hilinaʻi ka kala o ke kino i ka maʻemaʻe o ka reservoir, māmā ka ʻōpū, nā ʻaoʻao, a he kua uliuli ke kua. ʻAʻohe mea like me ka meaʻai o nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopuka
Hāʻawi ʻia kēia inoa kamaʻilio i kahi ʻelele o ka ʻohana firmgeon e noho ana ma nā muliwai. He liʻiliʻi ka nui o kona mau ʻāpana - mai 60 a 130 cm, nā paona mai 2 a 4,5 kg. He peled caudal peduncle lōʻihi ka pala i uhi ʻia me nā papa iwi.
He huikau liilii kona nui, a i ʻole ma kahi e nui, kahi pua ʻaʻaki nui, nā maka liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā wahi o nā pua. Ua pālahalaha ka ʻōlapa, ulaula, aia nā kuʻi ma kona ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka noho ʻana ʻo Amu Darya, kāna mau mea lawe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole i neʻe ka pala.
ʻOi maikaʻi loa - kahi puaʻa o ka beluga a me ka ikaika
ʻO ka manaʻo o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi pāpū nona ka Pelekikena Nikolyukov (1952), ka mea nāna i hoʻohālikelike i ka caviar beluga me ka waiū. Fry huki i loko o ka hebedoma, male makua kāne kāne ma hope o 3 mau makahiki, nā wahine i loko o kahi mahana wela - i ka 1 makahiki.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mea maikaʻi loa mai nā mea ʻē aʻe, aia he 5 mau lālani. Ma lalo o ke kiʻo he ʻelua mau lālani pōpoki e like me ka beluga, aia ka waha he ʻano waena, e like ka ʻāpana mai ka beluga a hiki i ka kukala. ʻOi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o ke kuaʻele a me ka ʻālamā māmā.
Ke kuʻi nei ʻo Sturgeon
He kālā maikaʻi loa kēia. E koi ia i kahi papa o ka ʻāina, loko o ka loko me nā wai e kahe ana. Ke ulu i nā mea paʻa i ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i ka 1 kg, pono ia e hoʻomoʻa i ka nui o ke kaila me ka oxygen.
Ma ka pūnāwai, e hāhā ka puna wai i ka paona i makemake ʻia inā he kūpono nā ʻano o kona mālama ʻana a ʻoi loa ka meaʻai i ka maikaʻi. E hana i kahi hana no ka hana caviar, loaʻa nā pākeke i nona ka makahiki he 14 mau makahiki.