Nui ka poʻe i kamaʻilio me nā hamsters e like me nā holoholona home, nā holoholona nani, ʻaneʻaka a me nā mea aloha.

Akā ʻo ke ʻano maoli, he mau holoholona weliweli kēia poʻe noho ʻana a heʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe paha i nā hoahānau hānau. Mai lākou mai kahi mea hoʻoweliweli i nā kānaka a me nā mea kanu i ulu ma ka māla.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho maʻamau

I ka makahiki 1930, ua hopu ʻia lākou i Suria holoholona holoholona-like. ^ E Ha yM. Ua pili ʻia ka hoihoi ʻana i kēia holoholona i ka ʻimi no ka "mouse Siri," kahi i pāʻani ai nā keiki ma ʻAsuria. Ua lilo kāna mamo i poʻe kūpuna no nā ʻohana hamster i kēia manawa.

ʻO ka lawe ʻana aku i nā rodents ma Central Asia, nā wahi ʻāpana o ka Pākīpika Hema, a laila ka nui o ka noho ʻana i Kina a me USA, ʻili pū kekahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holoholona e like me ka mea e hana ai nā holoholona a me ka domestication o nā mea ulu ʻole. I ka huina, ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 20 mau ʻano o nā kaila pilikino i hānai ʻia o ka moʻomeheu maʻamau o ka hamo laʻa.

Kiʻi hoʻoneʻe kiʻi kiʻi i ka uahi

He holoholona liʻiliʻi kēia a hiki i 35 cm lōʻihi, me ke kino ākea, ke poʻo nui ma ka ʻāʻī pōkole. Ua hiki ke huelo ʻo 5 ke aniani ma ka awelika a hiki i ka 600-700 gr. ʻO nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi, nā antennae ma nā muzzle a me nā maka ʻomaʻomaʻu e ʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o nā beads nunui e hana i kahi nānā nani no ka fluffy bun ma nā wāwae pōkole me nā manamana lima e paʻa ana i nā pōkole pōkole no ka eli ʻana i nā lua a me nā lua.

Mālama ʻia ka holoholona i nā niho ikaika a ikaika i hoʻonui ʻia i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka huluhulu hulu hamster o kahi waihona lauoho a me kahi undercoat ākea e hāʻawi nei i ka pale a hiki i nā lā anuanu. ʻO ka maʻa maʻamau o ke kala a he ʻulaʻula paha ka paʻahana o ke kapa;

ʻOi aku ma mua o 40 mau lālā puaʻa me nā aniani o keʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a me ke hina hina, nā wahi o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā wahi. Apana ʻāina hāmeʻa holoholona laulā no ko lākou kūlana kamalaola. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻohālikelike i nā wahi āpau: nā wahi kuahiwi, nā anuʻu, nā pā nahele, nā wahi noho - ma nā puʻu e hūnā ia mai nā ʻenemi a me nā lā maikaʻi ʻole.

ʻO ka hale maʻamau kahi nui o ka hānai. Makemake nui loa nā holoholona i nā wahi ma ke kīhāpai, pinepine ka hapanui o kā lākou mau lua ma ka ʻāina hiki. ʻO nā ʻano maʻi manuahi, nā mea kanu i ka mea kanu i ka ʻāina e hoʻihoʻi i nā holoholona i ko lākou mau hale a neʻe i nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻonohonoho paha nā wahi o nā kānaka i ka nui o ka meaʻai, no laila ke hele pinepine nei ka poʻe steppe kūkaʻe i nā hale haki a me nā pā hale me nā wahi ʻike.

ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hamsters he mea kupanaha maoli nō. Hiki i nā pūliki me nā nui nui i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā nui o nā holoholona: a hiki i 7 m ākea a hiki i 1,5 m ka hohonu. I loko o nā hale hana, ʻo ke kaupaona o ka hānai mālama ʻia he mau haneli he mau manawa ma mua o ka paona o kahi hamster ka nui.

ʻO nā pahu pahu pipi kūikawā i ke ʻano o nā palahalaha elastic e hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā manawa i ka 50 mauʻu o ka hānai. Ua lilo nā mea hānai i nā pōʻino mai nā hao ʻo hamster. Hoʻoulu i nā ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa e pale aku ai i nā hoʻouka kaua koʻikoʻi. ʻO lākou iho kekahi mea i ka hānai i ke ʻano no nā manu o ka ʻai a me nā ʻūlani, nā ermines a me nā ferrets.

ʻActerlelo ola a me ke ʻano

Ma ko lākou ʻano, he mau minamina nā hamsters, a kūʻē kūʻē i ka poʻe a pau e hoʻopuni ma ko lākou ʻāina. Mālama lākou i kā lākou mau waiwai me nā nui a hiki i 10-12 ha. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ka nui o ka ʻenemi, aia kekahi mau hihia o ka hōʻoki ʻia ʻana o nā ʻīlio nui.

Inā holo nā rodents e pili ana i ke hālāwai me ke kanaka, hiki i ka nui hamsters ke hoʻouka. ʻO nā ʻili o Rodent ka hōʻeha, hiki ke kau i nā maʻi he nui, waiho i ka lacerations.

Hōʻike ʻia ka hilahila ʻole i ko lākou mau pilikino. ʻAʻole hele ola nā mea palupalu mai nā ʻohana ikaika a me ka toothy inā manaʻo lākou iā lākou he ʻenemi i ka wā moe a ʻike ʻole ʻia kahi malihini kipa ʻole i kā lākou lako. Hōʻike ʻia ka hana o nā holoholona ma ka wā twilight. Nā huaʻumi - nā holoholona nocturnal. ^ E Ha yM. I ka lā e hūnā ai lākou i nā lua, e loaʻa ka ikaika no ka huki wiwo ʻole.

Aia nā hale hohonu he 2-2 mika ma lalo o ke kahua. Inā ʻae ka ʻāina, a laila e hele ka hamster i ka honua. Hoʻopili ʻia nā keʻena ola me ʻekolu mau puka ʻana: ʻelua "puka" no ka maʻalahi o ka neʻe ʻana, a alakaʻi kekahi i loko o ka pantry me nā lako no ka hoʻoilo ola holoholona.

Hoʻohana ka hamster i ka nui i ʻohi ʻia i ka wā hoʻoilo anuanu a ma ka manawa mua. I nā koina manawa i ʻole, ʻo ka ʻai ka mea e ʻai ai ka kai mai waho. Ma luna o nā lua i loaʻa mau ʻia nā ʻōpala o ka honua, i kāpī ʻia me ka ʻili mai nā ʻala. Inā ua hōʻiliʻili ka pūnaewele i ka puka, a laila haʻalele ka hale, hoʻomoka nā hamsters i ko lākou mau hale.

ʻAʻole holbs nā hamsters a pau, hele a nānā i kekahi mau ʻano ke keʻokeʻo a no laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hōʻekele ʻana ma ka uhi hau. ʻO ka poʻe e kali nei i ke ʻano ikaika i ka hiamoe hiamoe, e kū mālie lākou i ka wā e hiki ai ke hoʻoikaika i nā nui o lākou. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka honua i ka mahana, i Pepeluali, Malaki a i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻApelila, hiki mai ka manawa no ka ala aʻe hope.

Akā ma mua o kou puka ʻana i waho, ʻānai ʻia nā hamster i ka lako, hōʻiliʻili i ka ikaika, a laila wehe i nā puka a me nā puka o ka lua. I ka wā mua, puka maila nā kāne mai nā lua, a ma hope iki aku, ʻo nā wahine.

Ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia nā pilina ʻoluʻolu ma waena o lāua no ka wā lawehala, inā ʻaʻole ʻia ma ka wāwae like. ʻO ka mana kupaianaha o nā hamsters e holo maikaʻi. Hoʻokomo lākou i kā lākou pahu lepe e like me ke kapa ola e paʻa ai iā lākou i ka wai.

Mea ʻai Hamster

He ʻokoʻa ka meaʻai ʻana o nā rodents a hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka ʻāina o ka noho ʻana. E lanakila ka hōʻiliʻili i ka mahiʻai, a e ʻai ka mea kanu a me ka hua i kahi kokoke i kahi o ke kanaka. Loaʻa nā hihia pinepine e ka poʻe hamsters e hoʻouka kaua i nā moa ʻōpio inā ʻaʻohe mea e pale iā lākou.

Ma ke ala e hiki ai i nā māla lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​māla, nā holoholona ʻaʻole e hōʻole i nā mea inikini liʻiliʻi a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. Kūkā nui nā mea kanu i ka meaʻai: nā hua ʻai palaoa, nā ʻuala, ka pīpī, ka rhizomes o nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi.

Ma kahi o ka hale ʻai ʻia nā ʻona mea a pau, he mea hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi loa ia. Manaʻo mau nā poʻe noho e hōʻalo i kēlā mau hoalauna. ʻO nā mea a pau e ʻai ai nā hamsters, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā lako o nā hoʻoilo mai nā hua kanu a me nā hua kanu.

ʻO ka hana a me ka lōʻihi o kahi hamster

Hopu koke a hoʻomohala ʻo Hamsters no ka mea ʻo nā kāne he mau ʻohana. Inā pīlī ʻo ia e kekahi hoahānau pili ikaika i loko o kahi paio mare, a laila e ʻimi ʻo ia i kahi wahine hou no ka hānau kālā.

Hānau ʻia ʻo Offspring i mau manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo kēlā me kēia litter he 5-15 cubs. Ke loaʻa nei i nā makapō a me nā ke kani, ua loaʻa nā niho nā hamsters, a ma ke kolu o ka lā ua uhi ʻia lākou i ka fluff. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻike. I ka wā mua lākou e noho nei i ka pūnana ma lalo o ka mākaʻina kokoke o ka makuahine.

Hiki i ka wahine ke mālama i nā pēpē o kā kekahi poʻe. Akā nā keiki, inā ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻole i ka ʻike, hiki iā lākou ke ulia iā ia. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole e noho lōʻihi nā holoholona, ​​a hiki i 2-3 mau makahiki. I ka hoʻopio ʻia me ka mālama maikaʻi, mālama ola nāhelehele ham hoʻonui i 4-5 makahiki.

He meaʻoluʻolu ia o nā ku liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, 1-2 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, ke komo ʻana i ka home o ka poʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻokoʻa ka huehue. Buy kuai i ka hamster no kahi keiki liʻiliʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke makaʻu me ka makaʻu, ʻo ʻoe wale nō e pono e hoʻomanaʻo i kona hiki koke ʻana i lilo i kahi trauma noʻonoʻo.

I ka manawa like, he mea maikaʻi no nā keiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena Norman hamster mai kaulana pakika a ʻo ka mea ola me kona mau pono a me kāna ʻano.

ʻO nā hamsters a me nā pāʻani pāʻani, no ka laʻana, ʻo Dzungarian hamsters, e lawe mai i ka hauʻoli a me ka hauʻoli i kekahi ʻohana. Akā e koi kahi kamaʻāina liʻiliʻi kahi mālama mālama a mālama pono hoʻi i kona mau pono. Hiki i kahi hamster ke lilo i punahele o nā keiki a me nā pākeke.

Kāleka

ʻO ka mea koho nui loa o ka hamster subfamily. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka kino o nā kāne ʻelima he 27-34 cm, ʻo ka huelo he 3-8 cm, a ʻo ke kaumaha o ke kino ma ka awelika 700 g He mānoanoa ka ʻili i ka waihona, ʻōwili koke a hiki i ka hopena, a uhi ʻia me ka pōkole a paʻakikī. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka muzzle. He pōkole loa nā auricles, uhi ʻia me ka lauoho ʻeleʻele. 'O ka lima a me nā wāwae he pālahalaha nui, a me nā manamana lima ua alakaʻi mau i nā mākau mau.

ʻO kaʻulu a palupalu ka lauoho. ʻOluʻolu ke kala o ka ʻili, hoʻohālikelike: ʻoi aku ke kino o luna, ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele ka ʻōpū. Ma nā ʻaoʻao mua he ʻelua mālamalama nui, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka māka o ka hulu ʻeleʻele. Aia kekahi wahi kukui ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo a ma hope o nā pepeiao, i kekahi manawa ma ke kahua o ka ʻeke poʻohiwi. ʻO ka pinepine he mau polimika ʻeleʻele maʻamau (melanists) a i ʻole nā ​​specimens ʻeleʻele me nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma nā wāwae a me ke ʻāʻī. ʻOi aku ka manaʻo o nā subspecies ma mua o 10. Hoʻomaʻo ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā hamsters i loko o ka laulima mai ke kūkulu ʻākau a i ke hema, e ulu ka nui o ke kino mai ke komohana a hiki i ka hema a i ke kūkulu hema.

Kālā

Kahi ʻia ka hamster maʻamau i ka nahele a me nā anuʻu ala, a me nā ʻōpala a ke ʻano ʻē aʻe o Eurasia mai Belgium a hiki i Altai a me Northern Xinjiang.

Ma Lūkia, ua palena ka palena ʻākau mai Smolensk ʻākau o Rzhev a hiki iā Yaroslavl, Kirov a me Perm; ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ke Teritori Perm, hiki i ka 59 ° 40 's. sh., ma Zauralie e hele ma waena o Yekaterinburg, e kūka i ka ʻĀina Irtysh ʻākau o Tobolsk a me Ob i kahi e pili ana ʻo Kolpashevo, kahi e hele ai i Krasnoyarsk. Hoʻokahi ka lāʻau liʻiliʻi Minusinsk i ka palena hikina, kahi i komo ai ka hamster. E holo ana ka palena hema ma ke kahawai ʻo Azov a me ʻ Blackleʻele e pili ana i Gagra, uhi i ke komohana komohana Ciscaucasia, pohō mai ka ʻākau o ka wao nahele a me semi-wao o ka Caspian hikina a me ka Volga-Ural Interluve, hōʻea i ka Volga ma ka ʻaoʻao Astrakhan. A laila hele akula ma Kazakhstan, kahi e hele ai a 47 ° s. w lu. i ka palena o ka muliwai. Ua kiʻi ʻia nā kiʻisu i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Betpak-Dala, ke kikowaena a me ke komohana hema o nā ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi o ka Kazakh, nā awāwa o ka muliwai. A ʻo Karatal paha, nā wahi ʻākau o ka ʻākau a me ka hikina o Tien Shan, nā Alakol a me Zaysan nā pipa a ma ke kahawai ʻo Altai e holo ana i ka ʻaoʻao pololei o ka Yenisei kokoke i ke kauhale. Akuua.

Ke noho maʻamau

ʻO ka hapa nui i nā ulu lāʻau-ʻōpala, i nāʻu i kāwili ʻia a me ka mauʻu i hoʻohuihue ʻia nā ʻōpala. Komo ia i loko o ka ululāʻau ma waena o nā wahi kahawai a me nā ʻōpala i uka, a me nā māla ma ke ʻano luaa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka pae, e pili ai i nā wahi ʻāpana: nā awāwa o nā muliwai, nā kaumaha. Hoʻi aku ʻo ia i nā kuahiwi i ka palena o ka ulu lāʻau, a inā ʻaʻohe hala lāʻau, he mauna puʻuʻu. Noho ia i nā mahi kanu - i nā pūnaha laiki, nā māka nahele, nā māla, nā māla, nā māla lāʻau a hiki i nā hale noho. Ma nā wahi kahikina a me nā keke nā noho liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā lepo lepo paʻapū.

Wili haneli. Hoʻomaha ka lā i kahi lua, maʻa mau ka hohonu a paʻakikī, hiki i ka 8 m ka lōʻihi a ma mua o 1.5 m ka hohonu. ʻO kekahi manawa hana i ka pū gopher. ʻO ka puʻu mau he 2-5, ʻoi aʻe ka piʻi a hiki i 10 mau puka mai, kahi lumi honu a me nā panty he nui. Ma waho o ka wā hoʻoulu, kahi hamster maʻamau e alakaʻi i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa, kahi kūweʻe i nā hoahānau a me ka pugnacious.

Ke kūlana ʻona

Ua emi ikaika nei ka nui o nā ʻano i loko o kēia mau makahiki. iahea? ] 20 mau makahiki a hoʻomau i ka emi ʻana, akā aia wale nō ma ke komohana a me ke komohana o ka pae. Ua hāpai nā ʻāina ʻEulika Komohana i nā papahana mālama ʻāina no kēia ʻano. Mālama ʻia kahi hamster maʻamau i Farani, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Polenekia, Belarus. Ma 2009, ua kākau ʻia ia ma ka Red Book o Ukraine, a ma 2012, i ka Crimea, ua hoʻokaumaha ʻia ka holoholona i ka nui o ka hōʻowai ʻia o ka māla peni, me nā pā holoholona. Ma ka ʻāpana o ka Lūkini Lūkini ka mālama ʻia ma nā kumuhana 5 o ka hui. Ua ʻike ʻia nā emi o ka nui o nā ʻano i nā ʻatikala ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o Rusia.

Ua paʻa ka noho ʻana o ka hamster ma Kazakhstan a me Siberia, kahi i nā makahiki o ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka mahiʻai. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ka nui o ka helu ma ka moku o Azov o ka moku Rostov [ ʻaʻole kumu i kuhikuhi ʻia 529 lā ], ma ka ʻāina ʻo Krasnodar, a me ka Crimea, kahi kahi hamster i hana pū ai i ka pohō nui.

ʻEnehana waiwai

Aia a hiki i ka 1960, ke kumuhana o ka kālepa bulu ma Germany, Czechoslovakia a me ka Soviet Union. Eia nō naʻe, ua kāpae ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili ʻai ʻana i ka ʻoihana pono e ke waena o ka kenekulia 20. He waiwai iki ka hulu o ka hamster, akā i kona ʻano kūlohelohe a i waiho ʻia ke ʻano o nā kāhiko wahine a me nā keiki a nā keiki, nā hui a me nā mantle.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka helehelena o nā hamsters

He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā hamster a pau, kahi lōʻihi o ko lākou kino mai 5 cm (no kahi hamed dwarf) a 30 cm (no kahi hamster maʻamau). Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻili a i ʻole ka lōʻihi i ke lōʻihi o ke kino. Kaupaona ʻia nā holoholona mai 7 a 700 mau i ka ʻano like ʻole.

He kino puʻupuʻu iki ʻia nā hamsters a pau, pōkole pōkole me nā puʻupuʻu koi, liʻiliʻi iki (a i kekahi mau ʻano nui) nā pepeiao, e hoʻopiʻi ana i nā maka he mau poli, nā ʻōpū lōʻihi.

He mānoʻo ka huluhulu o nā holoholona, ​​maʻamau i palela mau. Hiki i ke kala o ke kua ke ʻano ʻē: mai ka lehu, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole he ʻulaʻula i ka ʻulaʻula, he gula a i ʻole ʻeleʻele. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū.

ʻO kahi hamster maʻamau i kahi hale kūlohelohe.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka hamsters he mau pou pou, ʻo ia hoʻi nā lula o ka ʻili e hoʻomaka ana mai ka wa i waena o nā incisors a me nā molars a me ka pālahalaha ʻana ma waho o ka ʻāʻī o lalo. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pou Cheek, e ʻae ana i ka holoholona i kahi nui o nā lako i loko o kona mau pantry (vaults). Ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻo nā panty he mea pono nui nā kaila, ka mea nui no nā holoholona, ​​e noho ana ma nā wahi i ʻikea ʻole ai nā meaʻai, akā ma ka nui.

ʻO ka hamster pahu lāʻau ka mea nona nā ʻona pipi aisa i hiki iā ʻoe ke halihali i ka nui o nā meaʻai i loko o nā pantino.

ʻO nā wāwae o kēia mau rodents ka mea e hoʻomanaʻo pono ai i nā lima, e ʻae iā lākou e mālama pono i ka meaʻai. Hana pinepine ʻo Hamsters i nā neʻe wāwae ʻano, e ʻae ʻia ka ʻai i mua o nā pahu pipi.

He maka maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​maka o Hamsters, akā maikaʻi lākou i ka ʻono a me ka makemake. Pili lākou i kēlā me kēia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ultrasounds a me nā squeaks i lohe ʻia e ke kanaka.

Kauʻai

ʻO nā holoholona nui kahi mea kanu hānai. ʻO ke kumu o kā lākou meaʻai me nā hua, nā ʻōpala, nā hua kanu (palaoa, bale, millet, pī, nā pua, kāloti, hua ʻili, beets, a me nā mea like), a me nā lau a me nā pua.

Lawe ʻia ka hamster i nā mea liʻiliʻi, e like me nā hua, i loko o ka lua i nā pou pipi, a ʻoi aku ka nui, me ka ʻōpala, i loko o nā niho. Mālama ʻo ia i ka meaʻai no ka hoʻoilo, ʻai i lalo o ka ʻāina, a ʻai paha ma ka wahi (ma nā kūlana mālie). ʻO kahi hamster rat, no ka laʻana, hiki ke lawe i nā pīni 42 mau mea i loko o kona mau pahu.

Hoʻomaka

Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā ʻano nui i ka wā ma hope o ka wā o ka umauma a i ʻole ma mua. No ka laʻana, hiki i kahi wahine hamster maʻamau ke hānai i nā makahiki he 59.

Kūkulu ka hamster Pre-Asia i kahi liʻiliʻi iki a hiki i ka wā ʻōpiopio ma ka makahiki 57-70 lā. I ke kūlohelohe, hānai lākou i 1, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 2 mau makahiki i ka makahiki, i ka pūnāwai a me ke kauwela, ʻoiai ma ka home hiki iā lākou ke hānai i nā makahiki a puni. ʻO nā hamsters wahine hanu wale nō i nā mea kūlohelohe hiki ke lawe mai i 3 mau pipi ma ka makahiki. I ka awelika, he 9-10 cubs ma ka brood, i kekahi manawa a hiki i 22.

Hoʻomaunu e lilo i makuahine, kūkulu ka wahine i kahi pūnana o ka mauʻu, ka hulu a me ka hulu. Noho ka wahine hāpai i ka 16 a 20 mau lā (i kahi hamster maʻamau). Hānau ʻia nā pēpē a hanau ʻole.

He maʻalahi a pākaha nā ʻatikala, e like me nā holoholona a pau i ʻike ʻia e hoʻomau wale i ko lākou lāhui. Ma hope o ka moʻikele ʻana, haki ka ʻāʻī, a ʻoi aku paha ke hālāwai pū hou aku kēia mau kāne a me ka wahine. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe he mau hamamu Dzungarian, he makua kāne maikaʻi loa a lawelawe ʻoiai he poʻe obstetricians i kā lākou hoa. Mālama ka makuakāne i nā keiki hou e hānau mai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou mai ke koena o ka plasenta a kīloi i ko lākou puʻuwai e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka manawa e hanu ai. A laila noho ʻo ia me ka wahine a me ka hua e hoʻomehana iā lākou. Ke haʻalele ka makuahine i ka hānai, mālama mau ʻo ia e kiai i nā pēpē.

I kahi hamster ma mua o ʻAsia, e kau ʻia nā pipi i nā makahiki he ʻekolu. A ʻo nā mea pinepine e hoʻomohala ana i ka pua - ʻo ka hamster ka mea like ʻole - ʻaʻole hiki ke hele i ka nui o kahi pākeke a hiki i nā 6 mau mahina.

ʻLelo hana i ka kūlohelohe

ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, he nui nā ʻenemi liʻiliʻi nei i loko o ke ʻano.Hipa ʻia lākou e nā ʻalopeke, nā hewa, nā ʻōpū, nā ʻōpū, nā ermines, nā ʻīlio hihiu, nā hihi, nā aniani a me nā manu ʻē aʻe. Mālama ka pōʻai i nā hamsters mai kekahi mau pōʻino, akā ʻo ka hapanui e hilinaʻi wale lākou e makaʻala, hilahila a me nā wikiwiki wikiwiki. Hōʻalo kekahi mea kuhihewa, ke holo nei ka rodent i kāna lua, e hoʻāʻo ana e hūnā ma loko.

Nā Hamsters a me ke kāne

I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoili nā hamsters i ka nui o nā mea i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o nā pants o kā lākou nests (ma ka awelika 3-15 kg), akā, no ko lākou mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hana lākou i ka hōʻino iki i ka mahiʻai.

ʻO kekahi moʻolelo hoihoi ʻo ka pilina o kahi kanaka me kahi hamster maʻamau. Ua kiʻekiʻe ka nui o kēia mau ʻano i loko o nā makahiki 40 o ke kenekulia XX, ʻoiai ʻoi aku paha ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona mau ʻokiʻoki i hōʻili ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Mai nā 70s, he piʻi nui loa i kāna helu, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka Crimea. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia XXI, noho ʻo ia ma luna o nā kīhāpai pilikino, i loko o nā pā o ke kūlanakauhale, a hiki i ke kīnā ʻole i ʻike ʻole ʻia o nā hana - 136 i kēlā me kēia 1 ha. Mālama mau ʻia kēia ʻano a hiki aku ma nā kahakai o Moscow. I ʻEulopa i ʻEulopa i ka 1970s, 15-20 tausani nā hamsters i noho i kekahi mau wahi ma kahi māhele o 1 km2. ʻO ka mea maopopo, me kēia helu, he mau mea make ke ʻano, no laila, ua pili ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka luku ʻana, mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau manu i nā ʻīlio i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e hoʻopau i nā hamsters. I ka hopena, ua nalowale nā ​​holoholona i nā makahiki i hala aku nei. Ma kēia mau lā ma lalo o nā kiaʻi paʻa ʻana i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa he nui naʻe, ʻaʻole naʻe hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou i nā helu.

Hōʻino ka hapa nui o nā ʻano puaʻa he nui e hoʻopau ʻia, no ka mea, ke noho nei lākou ma nā wahi ākea a me ka loaʻa o ka nui o ka lahilahi.

ʻO Habitat maʻamau

E koho kekahi hamster i nā wahi me ka nui o ka ʻai no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i: nā ʻanaki, nā alahele lāʻau, nā wahie a me nā wāwae o nā wahi mauna (a hiki i 1000 m ma mua o ke kai. Nui ka makemake o ka rodent e pili kokoke i nā kānaka a me nā kanu mea kanu, pinepine lākou i ka hōʻeha nui i ka mahiʻai.

He laulā nui ka noho ʻana o kēia mau ʻano hamsters. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā Urals, Altai, ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o Black Sea, Krasnoyarsk a ma ka palena me Kina. Ma waho o Lūkia, ua kahele ʻia i nā ʻanuʻu Kazakh a i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa e kūpono a hiki i ka palena o Belgium a me Farani. Ma ka laulā holoʻokoʻa, nui ka lehulehu o ka hamster maʻamau, akā ma kekahi mau wahi o Rūsia ua kau inoa ʻia ma ka Red Book i kahi mea make pau ʻole. I nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, mālama ʻia kēia kanaka, nui loa ma muli o kona ʻano ʻokoʻa a kaulana loa i ke kālepa hulu manu.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o kahi hamster maʻamau

ʻO kēia rodent kekahi o nā mākaʻi nui loa o kēia ʻano. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka huakaʻi a hiki i 30 cm; aia kahi poʻo kahe a me ka piko o ka bristles 5-8 cm ka nui.

ʻOkoʻa iki ka koena o ka helehelena mai nā poʻe dwarf: kahi kūhule elongated me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā hulu wīwī palupalu, nā kīkiki papale haʻahaʻa, nā pa lalo haʻahaʻa me nā manamana lima a me nā aʻokiʻoki. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻona ka kala. He kua uliuli ke kua o ke kua o kahi hamster hina, ka ihu, nā ʻōhule a me nā wāwae nā keʻokeʻo, a ʻeleʻele ka ʻōpū a me ka umauma. Aia nā keʻokeʻo ʻike keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao a ma hope o nā pepeiao. Ma muli o ke aniani kilokilo pinepine lākou ʻo ia ka mea o ka hopu. I ke kiʻi i lawe ʻia ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka nohona o nā holoholona, ​​ʻike ʻoe i ka ʻokoʻa e like me kona waihoʻoluʻu ma muli o kahi noho. Aia pū kekahiʻokoʻa like ʻole ʻeleʻele, me ka ʻeleʻele a me ka keʻokeʻo me nā wahi hina hina.

Nā hana maʻamau

I ka nahele, ham ham tunggal. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā lua lōʻihi i nā ʻōpū lōʻihi me nā pantries no ka lako o ka hoʻoilo, ke kauwela a me nā hoʻoilo ka hoʻoilo a he nui nā komo a me waho. Hoʻomaopopo ka Rodents i ko lākou ʻāina a ʻaʻole e ʻae i nā hamsters'ē aʻe ma luna o lākou. Hoʻohui wale nā ​​holoholona i ka wā hana o ka wahine ma ke kula o ka wahine, ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kāne iā ia, no ka mea, ke ʻano nui ke ʻano o ke kāne inā hiki a lōʻihi ke alo ʻana iā ia. Hāpai wale ka wahine i nā ʻōpio.

He kanaka noho hū kahi hamster, moe moe a hū aku i loko o kona mink i ka lā, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ahiahi, hele ʻo ia i ka lawaiʻa, kīlei nui i kona mau papalina me nā lako e pono ai no ka hoʻohana ʻana a hoʻoiho iā lākou i ka pantry. ʻAʻole ʻike lākou i ka nui o ka lako e lawa ai no ka hoʻoilo a pau, no laila e hoʻokomo ʻo ia i loko o kona pahu e like me ka nui o kona lawelawe ʻana ma mua o nā pulu mua, a laila e hele i loko o ka pua. I ka awelika, he 10 kilogram o nā meaʻai like ʻole i mālama ʻia i loko o kāna "barns". Loaʻa nā pantys Hamster i nā mālama a ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 kg, ʻoi aku, ʻo ia nā hōʻuluʻulu o nā makahiki he nui o ke ola. He mea nui ia e hoʻohui pū ka holoholona i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole. No laila ma kahi puka i hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻano ʻehā: palaoa, ōwa, walwheat, palaoa, lupins, kālena a me nā aʻa aʻa a me nā aʻa - ʻo ia kahi eʻai ai kahi hamster maʻamau i ka hoʻoilo lōʻihi.

Mālama ka rodent i kona mau lako me nā holoholona a me nā hoahānau, hiki iā ia ke komo i kahi hakakā. Ke ʻāʻī ai, piʻi i luna o kona mau wāwae hind, hoʻolaha i nā niho ikaika a hoʻomākaukau e lele. He hamster maʻamau e lele maikaʻi a holo holo i ka wā e pakele ai i ka ʻenemi, akā i ke kūlana mālie e neʻe lohi iki. Mahalo i kāna hana, hiki ke ola a hiki i 8 makahiki.

ʻO kaʻai kūlohelohe o kahi hamster maʻamau

ʻO kahi hamster maʻamau e paʻa maoli ʻole i kaʻai. Aia ka ʻai i kāna meaʻai. ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai, ʻo ka cereals, nā mea kanu a me nā aʻa, aloha nā holoholona a me nā hua aʻa mai ka māla o ke kanaka. Me ka leʻaleʻa ua ʻai ʻo ia i nā hua o nā pepeke, lika, palaka a me nā mea liʻiliʻi paha, no ka laʻana. Ikaika loa ka ʻōpū a hiki iā ia ke ʻalo i nā meaʻai.

Kūpono ma ka kūlohelohe

ʻOiai he hamona kahi hamster maʻamau, hoʻopili hou ʻo ia. E hoʻomaka ana ka hopena Mate mai ʻApelila a ʻAukake ʻIke ke kāne i ka wahine ma ka honi, kanu ʻo ia a haʻalele i ka ʻāina. Noho ka wahine o ka wahine ma kahi o ʻelua mau pule.

ʻO ka ʻōpio ua hānau a makapō a wehe ʻole, a ma o nā makahiki he ʻelua ua hoʻomaka lākou e uhi ʻia i ka huluhulu a wehe i ko lākou mau maka. Hānai ka wahine iā lākou me ka waiū no ʻekolu mau hebedoma, a laila hoʻoliu i ka meaʻai kūlohelohe. I ka makahiki o 4−5 mau hebedoma, haʻalele nā ​​cubs i ka nusa makuahine a kūkulu i kā lākou minks. I loko o ke kauwela, hiki i ka wahine ke lawe i nā litters 2-3 o 7-12 mau pola.

ʻO nā wahine mai ka litter mua ma ka hopena o ke kauwela ua loaʻa i kā lākou keiki. No laila, ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, hiki i ka lehulehu ke ulu wikiwiki.

ʻO ka hamster maʻamau i ka home

He haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o nā holoholona ma ka hale kūʻai, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ia i kahi hamster maʻamau i loko o lākou, no laila he holoholona maʻamau kēia no ka hale. ʻOiai ke mālama ʻana i ia holoholona ʻaʻole i pilikia kekahi pilikia, ʻaʻole nui ka wiwo ʻole e lawe i ka holoholona hihiu.

No ka hale pono ʻoe e makemake i kahi pā hale hilinaʻi nui. Ma muli o kona nui nui e hoʻohālikelike i nā kanaka kīʻaha, pono ia i nā wahi no ka neʻe. Ke waiho nei no kahi huila no ke holo ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka hamster maʻamau, e ola hou ia a e maʻi paha.

Mālama ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i loko o ka pū, hāʻawi i nā meaʻai kūpono. Pono ka hamster e hoʻolako i nā lako pono e hoʻopiha i ka nalo a me ka pantry, hiki ke lilo i keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, sawdust, ʻāpana manu. E hoʻololi i ka ʻūnū a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka pahu, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka holoholona mai ia mea i loko o kahi kīʻaha, no ka mea, ʻaʻole e ʻae ka lāʻau koʻokoi i nā poʻe āpau i loko o kona wahi a hiki ke hoʻomāʻewa ʻeha. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i kona ola ma ke ʻano, e hōʻike mai iā mākou i kāna ʻano ʻano kaua, a ʻo nā holoholona a pau ka hoʻomau i mālama mau ʻia.

I loko o ka mea e pono ai, he hamster maʻamau ka hamster. I ka home, hiki iā ia ke hānai i ka holoholona me nā huahana mai ka papa home. Akā ʻaʻole e poina iā mākou ke kuhikuhi i ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai o ka puaʻa hihiu e kokoke kokoke i ka mea kūlohelohe: hāʻawi hou i nā palaoa (ʻo nā cereal homemade kūpono hoʻi: buckwheat, millet, laiki), nā mea kanu i ka ʻai a me ka mea i kuke ʻia, ka ʻalua. Mai hānai i ka hamster i nā mea lahilahi hāpono a me nā mea hoʻono, a me nā mea momona loa. He maikaʻi loa ka Sugar i nā holoholona, ​​ʻaʻole hiki i ko lākou kino ke hoʻokō me ka hoʻōki o ka nui o ka glucose.

ʻAʻole ia he manaʻo maikaʻi e hānai i kahi hamster maʻamau i ka home. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole i noho kēia holoholona i ʻelua, ʻaʻole e ʻae i kēia i ka noho pio ʻana. Mālama ʻia nā rodents i loko o nā ʻano āpau, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka manawa ʻae a hele i kēia hana i ka manawa e hoʻokaʻawale ai i ke kāne, a hoʻomaka ka wahine e huhū a hoʻouka iā ia. 4-5 mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hamsters mai ko lākou makuahine, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole. Inā e haʻalele ʻoe iā lākou e noho pū, ʻaʻole hiki mai nā hakakā a me nā hakakā.

ʻO ka pilina me ke kāne

Inā hānau ka hamster ma ka home, ʻaʻole ia e lilo i holoholona holoholona. ʻO ke kanaka no ia, ʻoi loa ma luna o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e hoʻopuni ana i kāna ʻāina. ʻAʻole makaʻu kekahi hamster maʻamau i nā mea hoʻopuka nui a me ka makaʻu ʻole e holo koke i kēlā me kēia e hoʻopilikia iā ia. I ka home, hiki wale iā ia ke lilo i kumuhana leʻaleʻa e nānā.

I loko o ka manu hihiu, he hamster maʻamau ka ʻenemi o nā loina moʻomeheu kanaka a me kahi papahele o nā maʻi. ʻOiai ke kīia nei i kekahi mau wahi i kākau ʻia i loko o ka Red Book, ma nā wahi e hoʻokokoke aku ai me kahi kanaka e luku ʻia ʻo ia.

I ka home, e noho nā hamster i nā makahiki he 2-4 a e hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka poʻe noho me kona ʻano aniani a me ka mālamalama kūlohelohe.

ʻAuhea e noho ai nā hamone Dzungarian ma ka nahelehele?

ʻO ka wahi hānau o ka holoholona ʻo ʻAsia, Siberia, Kazakhstan. I loko o ka nohona kūlohelohe, makemake nui ʻo dzhungariki i ka wao nahele, nā ʻū anuʻu maloʻo, ʻokoʻa pinepine i loko o nā ululāʻau ala. No laila, hiki i nā hamz Dzungarian ke loaʻa ma ka hikina o Kazakhstan, Northeast of China a me Mongolia.

I kahi noho o nā pōkā Dzhungar ma Lūkia kahi o Siberia komohana, nā wahi ma ke kūkulu hema o Transbaikalia, Tuva, ma Minusinsk, Aginsky a me Chui steppes. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā mauna Altai i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2 a 4000 mau mika ma luna o ke kai. ʻOi aku ka makemake o Hamsters e noho i nā ʻāina i hoʻopuka ʻole ʻia, akā ʻae pū nō hoʻi lākou me nā kānaka.

ʻO ka home o ka hamz Dzungarian he lalo kai lalo, ka hohonu e hiki ai i kahi o 1 mita. Ma luna o laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka wahine a me nā makahiki o ka dzhungarik. Loaʻa i nā keiki ʻōpio a nā ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpio, nā pākeke a me nā kāne ikaika. Aia nā hua he nui o nā hamsters o Dzungarian i nā hua he nui, nui mau moʻo a me nā keʻena, e hoʻohana ʻia no nā paleʻawa, nā lumi moe a me nā latrines.

He aha nā mea hihiu ʻo Jungar i ʻai i ka hihiu?

ʻO ka kuhi hewa ʻana ʻo Dzungarian hamsters e hānai wale ana i nā lāʻau grassy ua hoʻokumu ʻia. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua kokoke lākou e ʻālunu. Mea ʻokoʻa ka meaʻai. I ka nahele, manu pinepine nā holoholona i nā iniseti (nāhelehele, nā ʻūhini, nā kime, nā ʻōpua, nā puʻu, nā wīwī.

ʻAi nō hoʻi nā holoholona i nā hua waina, nā ʻōpio o nā kumu lāʻau, nā lau a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu, nā hua a me nā huaʻala. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki i kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi ke hele i nā mau hola.

No ka hoʻoilo, aloha ke dzungariki i ka waiho mea ʻole. Hiki i kekahi kanaka ke hōʻiliʻili i nā 20 kilograms o nā huaʻa a me nā hua. A i kekahi manawa hūnā nā hamsters a 90 kg i kā lākou minks. Makemake nā Hamsters e noho kokoke kokoke i nā hale o ka poʻe, no laila e puka mai nā mea kanu mai nā māla hua ʻai i kā lākou papa. Akā hele wikiwiki lākou i ka make, no laila hele pinepine nā hamsters i loko o nā hale kanu e ʻohi ai i ka palaoa e hoʻopiha hou i nā lako.

Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe

E like me kekahi holoholona hihiu, ʻo ka Dzungarian hamster kona mau ʻenemi. No ka mea ke noho nui nei nā hamsters i nā semi-desales a me nā steppes, ʻo kā lākou mau ʻenemi nui, nā manu lele. I loko o ke ao honu a me nā luna ʻike o kēia ʻohana e ʻimi iā lākou, i ka pō - i nā ʻanuʻu manuahi a me nā manu ʻaeto.

No ka poʻe rodents e noho ana ma nā wahi kuahiwi, he mea pōʻino maoli ka poʻe: nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio, nā ʻeke, nā lynx, ermines, badger, martens, ferrets a me nā saples. Pilikia no ka dzhungariks he mau pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio hopu, i hōʻeuʻeu pinepine i nā hamsters e noho kokoke ana i nā wahi noho.

Mai ka hōʻea wikiwiki ʻana e nā mea hoʻopiʻi o nā hamz Dzungarian, hoʻopakele maikaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻolohe. Inā he malu ka kani, a laila e holo ka nūnū e peʻe i loko o kona hale mink a i kahi i hūnā ʻia. Inā ʻaʻole kani a kani ke kani, ʻaʻohe ala e peʻe ai, a laila hoʻokaʻawale ka hamster i ka wahi, me ka manaʻo e hele ʻole. I ka hana i ʻole ka hana o kēia ʻano, kū ka jungar i kona mau wāwae hind, e lawe ana i kahi ply weliweli a hana pū i ka hana ʻino.

Ke kōkua nei kēia ʻano iā ʻoe e pale iā ʻoe iho. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i kāna mau niho koʻikoʻi a me kāna mau lima ke hakakā me ka ʻenemi. A ʻo kēia hopohopo ʻaʻole wale nā ​​mea i kau, akā ke kaua pū kekahi: inā hele a lele kekahi i kahi o kahi ʻē aʻe, e loaʻa koke iā ia ka ʻōlelo aʻo mua.

Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kani koi e hoʻonāukiuki i nā ʻenemi, akā e ʻike nō i nā hoahānau pili e pili ana i ka pōʻino i kū mai. Ua alakaʻi kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka hāmeʻa i kapa ʻia "ham ham singing" i hāʻawi ʻia i nā holoholona.

ʻO Dzhungariki - nā mea ʻuʻuku, a palupalu, akā naʻe ka mālama maoli ʻana i ka pale o lākou. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā pōkoki o kēia ʻano me ka kapa huluhulu e hui pū ai me ke kaiapuni, a hiki i ke hoʻoilo, hoʻoilo nā holoholona a hoʻololi i kā lākou hulu me ka keʻokeʻo. Ua kapa ʻia lākou i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania - keokeo hoʻokeʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo - ka hoʻoilo keʻokeʻo hoʻoneʻe manu.

No laila, ʻaʻole e hiki i nā mea āpau i hōʻuluʻulu i ka hakahaka o nā hamo Dzungarian ma ke ʻano he ʻano nui, hoʻokele wale nō lākou i ka nui o nā ʻīlio manuahi.

ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hamna Dzungarian

ʻOiai lawa loa, akā ua kūwaho ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi o nā mākaʻi o nā luna o ka honua holoholona. ʻO nā holoholona ma muli o kā lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ke kumu i ka nānā ʻana i nā poʻe biologists no kahi lōʻihi loa. Akā, ma hope o ka manawa, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻohana holoʻokoʻa - nā Hamsters, kahi i hoʻohui pū ʻia ai nā ʻano he nui o nā hamsters mai nā wahi a pau.

No ka manawa mua, ua loaʻa ka Dzungarian hamsters e ka meaʻepekema kaulana a me ka huakaʻi P.S. Pallas i ka makahiki 1773 ma kahi huakaʻi i loko o ke kahe o Kazakhstan kaulana.

ʻO ka mea i hala aku nei, ua kūkā ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana paha i ka pili ʻana i ka nahele ʻo Campbell hamster (Phodopus campbelli). Kūkulu ʻia nei ʻo ia kahi ʻano ʻoka ʻo Dzungarian.

ʻO Hamsters i lilo i mau holoholona i ka lua wale o ka kenekulia 20. ʻAno a me ka koʻikoʻi rodents: me nā hulu ʻalā, nā pāpālina a puni, nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi a me ka huelo e ʻike ʻia - hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻia ka lanakila o ko lākou mau nona. I kēia manawa ua lilo nā hamz Dzungarian i kahi holoholona maʻamau maʻamau.