Blue lapaʻau manuahi (Paracanthurus hepatus), inā ʻaʻole "hui aliʻi lapaʻau" - keʻa kai o ka ʻohana Surgical (Acanthuridae). ʻO kekahi ʻano kūikawā o ka ʻōpiopio Flag Surgeons (Paracanthurus). Wahi a ka helu, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he Acanthurus hepatus, Acanthurus theuthis Lacepede, Paracanthurus theuthis, Teuthis hepatus Linnaeus. I kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka puhua biru."

Nā awelana: nā ʻulea a me nā pōhaku o nā ʻalā a me nā subtropical ʻāina o ka ʻāina Indo-Pacific. I ke kūlohelohe, ulu a ulu i 30 cm.

ʻO keʻano

ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā mea lapaʻau i loko o nā kiʻikuhi wai paʻakai. E ʻimi ʻia ka meaʻai ma loko o ka nui o ka pōkole.

Ua loaʻa i ka Surgical kona inoa ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pu caudal ma ke kumu, hūnā ʻia i ke kūlana mālie o kahi ʻōpū o ka pehu i ke ʻano o kahi lancet. Hoʻohana e hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻenemi. ʻO kahi ala hope loa hiki iā ia ke luku. No ka mea, ʻaʻole ia momona, akā ʻeha.

Inā paʻa i ka huelo "wela", e holoi i ka hōʻeha me ka wai wela a i ʻole e wela. Hoʻopohala i ka hōʻā ʻana i nā koina o nā toxins. Mai hoʻopaʻa i ke kahe, e hoʻāla i ka ʻā.

Kāleka

ʻO ke ʻano o ke kino he elliptical disk, waihoʻoluʻu - mai ke aniani polū a me ka polū me ke kumu ʻulaʻula uliuli. ʻO ke kua a me nā pupuʻu kūleʻa i ke kala kino o ke kino, me kahi palena waho waho. ʻO ka fin caudal ka trapezoid, ka melemele melemele me kahi hoʻomau ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kumu o ka ʻiʻo. I kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona, nā umauma pectoral a me nā ʻōpū o ka haukapulele ke kala i kahi kiko melemele.

Ua liʻiliʻi ka waha, kuhikuhi i mua. Ua nui nā maka. ʻO ka lōʻihi maʻamau i loko o ka mea kanu aku he 20-22 cm.

Ke noho maʻamau

Loaʻa i ke ahiahi, ʻohi nā ʻōpio i nā hipa, nā pākeke - nā ona. ʻO ka mea hoʻokūkū ka harem. Hoʻouna ʻia ka territoriality, akā, ʻaʻole i koi ʻia ma waho o nā waiwai.

ʻO ke aloha e hoʻopaʻa i nā algae. Hoʻomaha ana ma ka momi. ʻAʻole hilahila. E kaua aku i nā hoalauna kūʻē. Hiamoe lākou i kahi kūlana kūpono a i ʻole lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao. Pono e noho ai. ʻAʻole eli nā Hepatuses i ka lepo, ʻaʻole hōʻino nā lako, a ʻaʻole hoʻopuʻi nā corals.

Nā mea lapaʻau Arab, sohal (Acanthurus sohal)

Inā ʻaʻole, he mea lapaʻau Arapi. ʻO nā mea aloha i ka genus Surgeonfish (Acanthurus). Loaʻa iā ia ma ka helehelena ma nā kahe o nā pāpū o nā kahawai ʻArapi o ke Kaiʻula, ʻO ke Kaiʻula a me ke Kai Paki. Hoʻopilikia, hoʻāla, hoʻāla i kahi kanaka i ka pale hewa ʻana i nā palena.

I ka ulu i ulu a hiki i ka 40 cm. Kālepē - hina me nā kāʻei poni, ma kekahi mau mea i hana i nā hiʻohiʻona. He māmā ka Abdomen. Nā kuikahi a me nā finsal dorsal, cavial margin - papale. Kuhi ʻia nā kikoo a me ke kuahiwi i ka ʻōnala ʻana. ʻO ka peke caudal i ke ʻano o kahi hōʻailona i hoʻohuli ʻia "Ω".

I ka pio pio, hele maikaʻi nā kāne me nā iʻa a pau koe wale nō ka harem. ʻAi nā lau a me nā ʻōpala. Pono ka moku mai 0.7 m3 i hoʻokahi. Me kahi harem - mai 1 m3.

Zebrasoma

ʻAno genus Zebrasoma ka 7 species. He maʻamau nā zebrasomes melemele (Zebrasoma flavescens) i nā aquariums. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻike ʻia ma ka ule o nā kahawai o ka Pākīpika a me Inia, ke Kaiʻula a me ke Kaiwa Piritana. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano holoholona i pau i ka maʻa no ka lawaiʻa ʻole ʻana.

I ka nahele, ulu i 40 cm. Ma ka waihona - 20-25 cm.ʻae ke kala o ke kino a me nā ʻeleʻele, ua ʻokeʻī ka spike. Hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻōpala. Pono kekahi ipu mai ka 0.4 m3.

E hui pū me nā iʻa maluhia nui. ʻO ka hapanui o ka herbivore, e ʻai ana i nā algae mai nā pōhaku ola.

Iihua keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (Acanthurus leucosternon)

Noho ia ma nā ʻalā a me nā subtropical o nā ʻĀina a me ka Pākīpika Hikina.

Pole a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ke kino. Hoʻopapa ka penectoral a me nā dorsal, ka lalo o ke huelo he melemele. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo ma lalo, keʻokeʻo a me ka palaka anal. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo caudal i keʻokeʻo me nā kīwī uliuli a me kahi palani. Pale a poʻo nā lehelehe.

Hōʻeu ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i kāna wahi. ʻO ka noho ʻana me kahi mea lapaʻau ʻano ʻē aʻe e pono ʻole ai. I ka pio, ulu a kū i ka 30-35 cm. Hiki ke koi ʻia mai 1 m3 no nā ʻelele 4-5. ʻO nā Omnivores, ʻai i nā algae. ʻO kēlā me kēia kanaka, e ʻike ana i ka mea nona.

Hapaau Kepani (Acanthurus japonicus)

Inā ʻaʻole, he kauka keleawe. Nā awāwa: kahakai ka palena komohana o ka Moana Pakipika, ma ka hema o Iapana.

Ke ʻano waiho ʻula kino kino. Lālana-ʻono ākea ma ka lula a me nā pupu dorsal a ma ke kumu o ka huelo. ʻEleʻele ka poli a me ka palena kahuni neon. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo caudal i keʻokeʻo me ka palena kahuni neon. Hoʻoulu ia i 14-15 cm. Akā ʻai pū kekahi i nā holi, mussels.

E huhū i nā ʻohana. ʻAʻole kuhikuhi ʻia nā ʻike me nā mea lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. No hoʻokahi iʻa, koi ʻia kahi moku he 400 lita.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Surgeon (Acanthurus lineatus)

Noho ʻo Lineatus acanthus a i ʻole loina manuahi moe i nā ʻulea coral o nā ʻalā a me nā subtropics o ka ʻāina Indo-Pacific. Ke kūlohelohe nei, ulu a hiki i 40 cm, i ka pio - 25-30 cm.

ʻAno kukui ka Abdomen. Ma nā ʻaoʻao a i hope hoʻi he neon ka uliuli, ka melemele-melemele a me nā pāhono ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. ʻAno ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha ka waihona ventral. ʻO ka dorsal a me ke analle-hina ka uliuli me ke aniani neonina kala. ʻO ka peke caudal ka like me kahi hōʻailona i hoʻohuli ʻia "Ω", hina, me ka ʻōniʻoniʻo neon blue.

ʻO ka acanthurus lineatus he teritori, ulu a kū i ka poʻe lapaʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia me nā wahine i loko o kahi pahu o 1 m3. Pono ke ʻano nui o nā lau greenery a me nā pā hale ākea.

Zebra Surgeon (Acanthurus triostegus)

A ua kapa ʻia hoʻi "hoʻopiʻi" no kona ʻano hiʻohiʻona. Noho ʻo ia ma nā kahe o ka ʻĀpana ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻIkia ʻenikela. I ka ʻimi ʻana o ka meaʻai ua komo ʻo ia i ka muʻu.

Hoʻopili hina ke kino o ke kino o Acanthurus triostegus, i kekahi manawa me kahi keleka melemele, me ka pulu hina a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana ʻōiwi a nā pihi. Hōʻele a keʻokeʻo paha nā poli. Loaʻa ia i kahi nui o 25 cm (ma ka pio 10-15 cm).

Acanthurus triostegus - ke kula, ʻaʻole kūʻē. No 4-5 mau kanaka, pono ʻoe i kahi moku o 500 lita. ʻAi Herbivores i nā greens mai nā pōhaku ola.

Kāleka Chocolate (Acanthurus pyroferus)

Range: nā ʻāpana ʻāwili o ke kīkala Indo-Pacific, ʻaʻole i haʻalele iā Hawaiʻi. Ua ulu a hiki i 25 cm (i ka pio - 16-18 cm). Kāleʻa - hina me kahi kāʻei kala. ʻEleʻele ka ʻōpala, nā i lalo haʻahaʻa, a me ke kumu o ka huelo. ʻEleʻele ka peʻa, ʻeleʻele ka peʻa ʻehā, ma ke ʻano o ka leka i ʻalopō ʻia "Ω".

E noho manawaleʻa a me kahi harem. He wai no ka iʻa hoʻokahi - 250-300 lita. No nā holoholona - mai 400 lita. E hele maikaʻi loa nā loiloi.

Loaʻa nā maʻi hepatus Paracanthurus i loko o nā kaʻa moana iʻa me nā corals paʻakikī a palupalu. Inā loaʻa nā corals, a laila e hoʻoholo ʻia nā kūlana e lākou. E maʻalahi maʻalahi ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā kauka Blue.

Akuula

ʻO ke ʻano he pahu ʻehā a i ʻole cube. Hoʻopiʻi i ka hipa - mai 1 m3, no hoʻokahi - mai 0.3 m3. Nā laina kihi o ka pahu pahu ka mea 1 x 1 x 1 m.E hōʻoia i kahi avanoa ʻole no ka ʻauʻau ʻana, ʻo ka laulā a me ka hohonu e pono e hāʻawi ʻia, pili i ka kiʻekiʻe. E kau i kahi kīʻaha a me nā lako e pono ai ʻoe he wāwae.

Pālā wai wai

Hoʻohana ʻia nā holoholona moana i nā kūlana kūlike a me ka wai mālamalama i ka wā o ka wā. I ka wai paʻakai alkaline, hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa o ka ammonia. No laila, me ka hana maʻamau o nā poʻe noho uliuli, e hana koke i nā hōʻike (kūʻai ʻia ma nā hale kūʻai holoholona). E hoʻololi i ka wai inā pono.

• Hema wai: 24-26 ° C. ʻO ke hoʻonui koʻikoʻi ka 29 ° C ma muli o ka mahana o ke kaila a i ʻole ka heʻe o ka thermostat. Mahele paha ka make o ka poe kamaaina.
• Ka hana: pH 8.1–8.4.
• Kaʻeha kā ke kāʻei: dkH 8–11. Ke make ʻo dkH ma lalo o 7, e ʻoki ke ʻeleʻele uliuli.
• Kalepona: 35–36 ‰.

Ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka nui o:

• NH3 (amoniana) - hiki i 0.1 mg / l,
• NO2 (nitrites) - hiki i 0.2 mg / l.

E hōʻoia ʻia ka ʻike o ka wai e ka kānana mīkini. Hoʻopauʻia nā mea make e ka biofiltration: mālama i nā maʻi bakela, ka hoʻihoʻi i ka ammonia a me nā nitrites i ka nitrates (NO3). Hoʻohana ʻia kahi kānana papa. Hāʻawi ʻia i nā koi kiʻekiʻe o ka poʻe noho, ʻōlelo ʻia ka ʻehā.

Pono ka hoʻololi mua o 1 / 4-1 / 3 o ka nui o ka wai. No ka paʻakai, e hoʻohana i nā paʻakai aquarium mai ka hale kūʻai holoholona a me ka osmosis.

ʻO nā koena meaʻai a me nā huahana lapuwale e hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻano o nā mea i loaʻa i ka waihona nitrika. E wehe i ka lepo me ka siphon.

Nā mea kanu

Alawae e hoʻokaʻawale i nā nitrates, nā phosphates a me nā calcium. Ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka carbon dioxide i ka oxygen e ke photosynthesis. ʻAʻole e ʻae ʻo nā gluttons iula i nā greens e hoʻopiha i nā wahi o ka aquarium. Hoʻohana ʻia nā poloki e like me nā pale.

1. ʻO ka pipi ʻo Cowlerpa e hoʻopili ʻia i nā pōhaku a ʻauʻau paha i ka pou wai.
2. E ulu ana ʻo Getomorfa i kahi waihona demo a hana i ka sump.
3. Ulu nui nā hua lahilahi, e aʻa ma ka lepo.
4. Kūkulu ʻia ka niu palaoa ma ka ʻāina. Hiki i ka lile ke kiʻekiʻe o 15-30 cm.

Hoʻolaulā

Kahi ʻia nā ʻāpana huina a me nā ʻāpana a hiki i 5 mm. Mālama i kahi kaulike o ka acidity. Hoʻonui lākou i nā ʻike o ka calcium e pono ai no ke algae i loko o ke kaiapuni, a hoʻokuʻu i nā mea trace e pono ai nā poʻe noho uliuli a me nā corals.

Mau lako hana

ʻO ka papa ākea kahe a kahe ka mea e hoʻōho nui ai i ka wai. E hoʻohana i ka ʻui a-auto e mālama ai i ka paʻakai. Ke kūʻai aku ma ka hale kūʻai a i ʻole ʻoe iā ʻoe iho. No ka topping, hoʻohana i ka osmosis me ka hoʻohui ʻole i ka paʻakai.

Hoʻolālā ʻia ʻo Samp no kahi hoʻoili pono ʻana o ka pōʻaiapuni. He 1/3 mau mana nui i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā kāwili. Hoʻopili maoli ʻia ka hana wai hana mai ka liʻiliʻi nui.

Hoʻopili hou ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou mai nā mea kūlohelohe i ka skimmer. He "penina" ʻo ia, "flotator". ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ea ke kumu o ka ʻike ʻana o ka nui o nā mea waiwai ma ka pahuhopu. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻili.

Hoʻopuka ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika me ka hoʻoneʻe carbon. I loko o nā keʻena olakino, hoʻōla ʻia ka nitrite a me ka ammonia. I loko o nā scrubber a me refugium (algae), hoʻopiliʻia nā phosphates a me nitrates e nā algae (maʻamau hetomorphic), kahi ma lalo o ke kukui māmā. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia ka disinfection me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kukui ultraviolet.

I ka momona, he mea maʻamau ke kau i kahi mea hoʻomehana me kahi regulator mahana a me kahi thermometer. TDP - 1 W no 1 pālolo o ka nui. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka kahe wai e kahi pāka. Hōʻano hua - 8-10 mauʻu o ka aquarium nui i kēlā me kēia hola.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kūpono e pono ai i loko o ka lawe. Ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ke kuhi a hōʻemi i ka walaʻau.

I kekahi mau kūlana, ulu ka overheating o ke medium. Hoʻokahi kekelē mau degere e hoʻolōʻihi i ka aquarium me kahi pānaʻi hau. ʻO ka hoʻowalewale o ka wai e hōʻoluʻolu iā ia. Inā lawa ka pono, e kiʻi i kahi puna a kūʻai ʻia a ʻoi paha.

Pono nā keʻala i kēia manawa e hānai. ʻO ka koho maikaʻi ʻo ia ka hana hoʻololi pono ʻana o kahi pālua pālua me ka hiki ʻana o nā mana he 10-15 o ka moku hōʻike hōʻike i kēlā me kēia hola.

Mālamalama

Pono nā kukui i ka ʻono pono. Loaʻa nā polyps i kekahi mau mea pono mai ka symbiont algae. Pono ka lika i ka mālamalama lawa no ka photosynthesis. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo kahi maʻi luminous o 70-80 lumens no ka lita o ka nui o ka lawa.

E hoʻohana i nā kukui florescent tubular o ka LB a i ʻole nā ​​kukui kukui LED me kahi kala anolu o nā kumuwaiwai 7000 K. ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi (mai ka 50,000 mau hola) a keu i nā mea a pau i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻike kukui.

Hānai

I loko o ka kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, ʻai nui kahi pona polū i ka zooplankton, algae. I ka loko aku, 70% o kaʻai, he meaʻai mea kanu. E hele kūʻokoʻa ʻo ia i nā greens. No ka pale ʻana i ka ʻai algae, e hāʻawi i nā mea kanu i piha, oatmeal, a me nā papa spirulina. Aia ka maʻamau pinepine o nā hetomorphs i ka alaka sump. E hoʻouna aku i nā holoholona polū.

Hāʻawi i kahi meaʻai ola a i ʻole paha i nā manawa he mau manawa i ka hebedoma. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻiʻi lau, mussels, fillet o ka iʻa kai.

Hoʻomaopopo 1-2 mau manawa i kahi lā. Pono ʻia kahi lā wikiwiki o ka pule.

Nā maʻi

E maʻi maʻalahi nā kauka Blue. Me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa manawa, mālama hou lākou me ka palekana. ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau ka cryptocaryon.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Cryptocaryon e nā parasites i loaʻa i ke kai. Hoʻohana ʻia ka iʻa ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe. Hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho i ka pili me ke kaumaha o ke neʻe a me ka nāwaliwali o ka pale kino. Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona: ka hiʻohiʻona o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo he 0.5-1 mm i ka diameter. Ke ulu nei ka maʻi, a hiki i ka 2 mm.

No ka mālamaʻana, e kanu i kahi holoholona maʻi ʻalani a maʻi maʻi. Kūʻai nā hale holoholona i nā huahana no ka keleawe (keleawe keleawe). Kāwili e like me nā ʻōlelo i hoʻopili ʻia. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa 2–4 ​​pule. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā kaʻina hana ma kahi pākana maʻamau no ka hele mai o nā corals i hiki ʻole iā ia ke ʻae i ke keleawe.

No ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi mai, hoʻololi ʻia ka wai maʻamau, UV irradiation o ke kumu nui a ʻehā paha kahi e hōʻike ʻia kahi sampa.

Hoike Mai

Mālama nā mea ʻona i ka leʻaleʻa o ka iʻa ʻulaʻula, i kahi ʻano ʻoliʻoli. Me ka nele o ka calcium, ka corals. Hōʻike i ke ʻano pilikino a me hiki ke aʻo. ʻĀnō e kamaʻilio me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka maʻi pinepine, akā, i ʻole me nā hopena.

Kiʻi kiʻi

Hoʻohālikelike

Ka haukapila ʻaina - hoʻonani i ka moana o ka home. ʻAʻole i nalowale i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka ʻike (no ka ola kai. Kūpono no ka aquarium reef. Pono ka puʻuwai lōʻihi, pono i kahi pā nui, akā i nā kūlana hōʻoluʻolu ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i kahi kipi. Loaʻa i nele: ʻaʻole hua i ka home.

ʻO nā moʻolelo o nā mea hōʻeha a me nā mākaʻikaʻi kula

Eia kahi mea a ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e kākau ai i kā lākou ʻōlelo no ka hālāwai mua me ka iʻa iʻa:

Svetlana (i hōʻeha ʻia e ka iʻa ma ka hoʻomaha, 2015):

I kēia makahiki, kahi iʻa lapaʻau, ʻo kēia asshole liʻiliʻi, kālai ʻole iaʻu. I ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, noi wau iaʻu iho. Akā, ma kahi aʻe, ʻaʻole au i ʻike i ka ʻoluʻolu ʻo kēia iʻa maikaʻi. Eia kekahi, hele nā ​​mea āpau a puni i nā wāwae o kēia mau iʻa, akā wale nō wau. Ke ʻae wau, he ʻeha nui loa ka hōʻeha. Eia kekahi, holoi nā kauka hōkele i koʻu wāwae i ka wai lumi, a laila hoʻokomo i ka shovchik. Ua manaʻo pinepine wau ʻaʻole hiki ke kau ʻia ka moana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai wela. Maikaʻi, 3 mau lā he lāʻau maʻi.

Alina (hōʻeha ʻia e ka iʻa ma ka hoʻomaha, 2013):

11/29/2013 hoʻi mai Sharm El Sheikh.
Makemake wau e lapuwale i nā poʻe a pau, i ke kai, kahi nui nā corals kokoke i kahakai, nui ka nui o kēia mau iʻa (Surgeon Fish). Ua pilikia au iā ia. Kū ʻo ia i loko o ka wai i lalo i loko o ka wai a nānā i lalo i ka iʻa, ua paʻa wau i nā ʻaupae. ʻAʻole wau i manaʻo i kekahi ʻino, akā ua ʻoki i koʻu wāwae i mea e pono ai iaʻu e hoʻowalewale iā ia. ʻAe hiki ʻole ka ʻeha. E makaʻala e hālāwai me kēlā nani.

No nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ka huakaʻi i ke kahakai e ka moana, e heluhelu i ka ʻatikala: "Ma nā hana liʻiliʻi o ke kai."