Burbot, a i ʻole burbot maʻamau (liʻiliʻi (Latin Lota lota), menyok (Lake Onega), liʻiliʻi (ma ka hema), Mattica (Karelian), Ney (Nenets), Kurt (Tat.), panne (Ostyak), syagan, syalysar (yakut.), luts (est.), vedzele (latvian), burbot (English), rutte, quappe (german), loko (norv. a swedish), hana (fin.), lotte (Fr.) - ʻO ka iʻa wai kūʻokoʻa wale nō o ka kauoha like-cod (Gadiformes).

Nā hōʻailona hōʻailona Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino, uhi ʻia me nā paʻu liʻiliʻi, pāpale ke poʻo, hoʻowalewale ʻia ka huelo mai nā ʻaoʻao, aia kekahi ngaki ma ka auka, nā niho hao hānai ʻia ma nā iwi a me ka opener.

ʻElua mau puʻu dorsal (lua lōʻihi), anal fins - kekahi. Nā lāʻau kaua Gill 4-11. Hoʻopili nā Pyloric 20-67 (ma East Siberian a he 85). Vertebra (58) 59-65 (66). 1 I) 9-15 (16), II D 68-85 (93), A 63-81 (85).

Nā ʻano pili. East Siberian burbot (L. lota leptura) a me nā burbot ʻAmelika (L. lota maculosa), ʻokoʻa i ka laulā o ka lae, ka mamao mai ka kihi o ke kiʻo a I a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka eʻa caudal.

Kālā. He mea maʻamau a lehulehu i nā muliwai, nā awa a me nā loko o ke ʻākau ʻākau o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, i komo ma ka hema a hiki i 45 ° C. w lu. a ma kekahi mau wahi ma ke kūkulu hema (Rhone, jarang ka Seine a me Loire, Danube, lalo ka lalo o ke Kula a me Sefidrud). Aia ma ka ʻĀkau Hikina aia ma ke kahawai Amur, ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ke kahawai ʻo Yalu a ma Sakhalin. Aia kekahi i loko o ka wai palaki.

Ma nā loko alpine i loaʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2000 m ma luna o ke kai.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema e lilo a liʻiliʻi.

Noho ia i nā wahi āpau ma nā wai o Lūkia, koe wale nō no Crimea, ke Transcaucasia komohana, ka ʻĀkau Caucasus, nā kahakai hikina o ka ʻaoʻao Caspian, nā kihi Aral a me Balkhash, nā Primorye maʻamau a me Kamchatka.

Biology o Burbot

Kāne. ʻO Burbot wale nō ka iwi i ka ʻohana codfish e noho ana i ka wai wai. Pono ka iʻa, aloha, ʻai a hānai i ka manawa anuanu.

ʻO ka hoʻōla o ka wai i ke kauwela he hopena inhibitory i ke kaʻina o ke ola o ka burbot i kahi pae e like me ka like ʻole o ka manomano, a laila hūnā ma lalo o nā kākā, nā puʻu, nā pōhaku, ka makemake ʻana i nā wahi kokoke i nā kumu lalo a me nā kī. Hoʻololi nui i ka kala, ke ʻili, a me ke ʻano o ka ʻai a me kekahi o nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka Habitat, ka makahiki, ka nui, nā kikoo a me nā lawaiʻa no Nalim

Spawning. Kūleʻa, paʻa i ka hoʻoilo, maʻamau mai ka lā Dekemapa a Pepeluali a me Malaki i kahi mahana wai i kokoke i 0 °. Ma ka muliwai Kāhea i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka spawning i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hopena o Ianuali - i ka hoʻomaka o Pepeluali.

Aia nā kumu kiai ma waho o nā kahe, nā kahawai a me nā loko, i ka hohonu o 1-3 m, ma ka pā pōhaku-pebble a me ka lepo lepo, i kekahi manawa i uhi ʻia me nā algae uliuli. Ke hilinaʻi nui nei ka lahilahi i ka nui: no ka burbot 24 cm lōʻihi - 57.2 tausani huaole, no ka burbot 97 cm - 3 miliona hua.

Hoʻohui. ʻO ka hua ulu e ulu ana i ka lapalapa burbot e pili ana iā 96--1.14 mm, he melemele lākou (i ka aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo), ʻalaʻula, me kahi ʻōwili aʻaila, ma hope o ka hōʻuʻu ʻana i ka lau ʻili kino i ka substrate, akā i loko o ka loko ua ʻike lākou i ka caviar ma kahi kūlana pelagic. Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, aia ka burbot roe, akā ʻaʻole pili.

Hiki i ka inkubation he 28 mau lā a keu paha, a hiki i 2.5 mau mahina, e like me ke ʻano o ka wai. ʻO ke anuanu maikaʻi loa mai 0 a 2-3 (5) °. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lālani pāpani (3) ʻo 3.8-4.3 mm. Loaʻa ka hatching Mass i nā panina i Mei. I Iune, ua loaʻa ka lōʻihi ma ka larva 7-10 mm i loko o ka pahu Volga ma lalo o Cheboksary. ʻO ka Fry i kekahi manawa i loaʻa i ke koena wai i ka nui o nā wai wai (ilmeni).

Noho ʻo Fledglings ma kahakai i ke kauwela, me ka sculpin, a ulu mālie. I ʻAukake 9 (1935), ua hopu ʻia ʻo 5.3 mau makahiki o 5.380 mau keiki ma Lake Yuksovsky (Leningrad Oblast).

Mea kiʻekiʻe. Huli i kahi lōʻihi o luna o kahi mika (ma lalo iki ka liʻiliʻi). Ka paona a hiki i 24 kg (ma Lake Onega) a keu aku.

Ma nā kiki, he nui ka poʻe e kaupaona ana mai ka 0.2 a hiki i ka 1-2 kg; i nā muliwai o Siberia, ua nui ka burbot.

ʻEkolu mauʻano o ka burbot e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā kahe ʻo Trans-Ural: 1) hina, ʻāpana palukū nui he 12-16 kg ka nui, a ʻo ka wā e ulu ai ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 35 cm, 2) ʻeleʻele, i nā loko a me nā loko a me 3) ʻeleʻele, ka wai pāpū. , ke kaupaona nei ʻaʻole eʻoi aku ma mua o 2 kg a me ka lōʻihi o 35 cm, lilo i wahine ma ke ʻano he 18 cm.

ʻO ka māla maikaʻi loa o ka burbot e mālama ʻia i ka Ob. ʻO Burbot i ka makahiki he 12 - (- mai Lake Teletskoye he lōʻihi loa o 76 cm, mai Pechora - 92 cm, mai Lake Onega i ka makahiki he 22 - 112 cm a he kaupaona 12 kg.

Mea ʻai. Hoʻomaʻo ʻo Predator i ka salmon, ka keʻokeʻo, nā cyprinid, cyprinidae, perch, smelt a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe a me kā lākou hua, me ka poʻe like o kā lākou ʻano. ʻO nā ʻōpio a me nā pāliki liʻiliʻi (ʻoiai a me ka pākeke ʻoiaʻiʻo) e hānai i nā meaola lalo, chironomids, ka wīwī, nā ʻōpū o ka dragonfly, i kekahi manawa he puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, ka iʻa a me ka iʻa.

Ma ka Volga a me Sviyaga, hānai nui ʻo burbot i ka invertebrates a he maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​iʻa. ʻAi pinepine ʻia i ka pō.

Nā mea kaua. Pike, taimen, lenok, salmon, paly, perch, eel, catfish.

Kanikau ʻĀnō, keʻano, lenok.

Nā Moho. I ka ʻōpū (i Kepakemapa), me ka hoʻēmi ʻana o ka mahana o ka wai, hoʻomaka ka burbot e piʻi aʻe i luna. Hoʻonui ka papa i ka wā o ka manuahi, ʻoiaiʻo ia ka wā mai ʻOkakopa a Pepeluali - Malaki.

NA PAE O NALIM

ʻĀina. ʻAʻohe kiko piha o nā moʻo burbot. ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma ka ʻĀkau ma kahi o ka 10,6 mano o nā kenekulia. Nā huahana huahana 1936-1939 ma ka moku o Oskotazovsky, he 12000 mau keneta, ma ka Narymsky okrug - a hiki i 2.5-3 tausani mau kenekulia, ma Kolyma okrug, me nā lawaiʻa palupalu - hiki i 3.7 tausani mau kenekulia, ma ka loko o Onega - he 1 tausani poʻe a me nā ma loko o Lake Ladoga - 2 tausani mau pūʻulu

Hoʻonohonoho iki nā pahu a Baikal ma 5-7 tausani mau kekona. He waiwai nui nā kumukūʻai Burbot i ka wai ʻākau. Loaʻa paha ka hoʻomake ʻana i ka lawaiʻa kūikawā no ka burbot i nā kahawai a me nā loko o ka ʻākau a ma Baikal.

ʻO ka hoʻonui nui aʻe i nā pōpoki, a loaʻa i kēia hanana ka hopena maikaʻi loa i nā pona o ke keʻokeʻo a me ka lawoʻa, kahi e ʻai ai ka burbot.

Aihua a me ka papa lawaiʻa. Ua ʻimi ʻia lākou me nā ʻōpū, nā luna, nā ana, nā ana paʻa. E like me ka hopu ʻia ʻana, ua hopu ʻia ka burbot i ka ʻupena upena, a ʻapo ʻole. ʻO ka lawaiʻa nui ka hake o nā wā kikoʻī (Kēkēmapa - Pepeluali a me ka hānai ʻana (ʻOkakopa - Iune). I ka wā o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ka wai, hele mai ka burbot me ka paʻakikī, hīmeni.

Lilo. Kuhi ʻia ka Burbot ma ka ʻano hou a pōkī, hoʻohuihui ka waiū a me ka momona, ʻo ka ʻili hoʻi no ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā meaʻai ʻai (“burbot ate i loko o ka tōmato”) a no ka piha ʻana o ka ʻaila ika lāʻau. ʻO ka paona o nā ate i ka buroly Kolyma e hōʻea iā 9%, ʻoi aku hoʻi - 6% o ke kaumaha o ka iʻa.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻili o nā pālule nui ma Siberia no ke kapa komo ʻana i nā lole, kapa wai hoʻonaninani, a no ka hū kaumaha. Loaʻa ʻia ka lemu mai ka palau ai, akā maikaʻi ʻole ka maikaʻi.

Hōʻike nui o ka burbot

He kino elongated ʻo Burbot. Ma ka ʻaoʻao mua ua puni ke kino, a kokoke kokoke i ka huelo e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ma nā ʻaoʻao. Ua nui ka poʻo, keʻalulu ʻia.

ʻO ka waha o kēia mau iʻa he laulā me nā niho liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ʻoho haʻahaʻa ma mua. E ulu ka liʻiliʻi o ka antennae ma luna o ka iwi āpau - hoʻokahi ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao. Ma ka iwi haʻahaʻa e ulu ana 1 ka nui ʻokiʻoki.

He ʻano hiʻohiʻona ka Burbot.

He mau kiki 2 dorsal ka burbot - he pōkole ka mua o ka mua, a ua pālahalaha ka hope hope a hiki i ka paʻu caudal. He lōʻihi loa ka fin caudal; he ʻano ua poepoe ʻia a puni ia. ʻO ka laulā pectoral ka laulā a like ka like me kahi fanu i like. Aia ka pūpale ma loko o ka puʻupuʻu;

Ua uhi ʻia ke kino o kahi burbot me nā unahi liʻiliʻi. U uhi ʻia nā unahi i ka kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻOkoʻa paha ka kala o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano, e hoʻohuli ana i nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni. Eia kekahi, hiki ke loli ke kino kino o ke kino me ka makahiki. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka iʻa pākeke ma mua o nā ʻōpiopio. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, nā ʻāpana a me ke kua i ʻōleʻele ke kala i ka kala, hoʻoluʻu ʻia me nā wahi melemele ʻeleʻele o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōpū ma ke kua. Hōʻailona ʻia nā poli me nā wahiʻeleʻele.

Hoʻomau nā nalim a i ka 120 kenimika ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai e kaupaona ana ma kahi o 20 kilograms. Akāʻo ka nui o ka iʻa e hilinaʻi nui i ka noho. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā lālā hema ma mua o nā mea ʻākau.

Ua ʻai ka iʻa i ka maunu.

Aloha aku nā wai, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā muliwai Yenisei, Lena a me Ob no kēia mau iʻa ma mua o ka Amur. Noho ka burbots nui mau mea i ka papu Lena muliwai. No laila, hele ka lawaiʻa i ka burbot nui loa ma Yakutia.

ʻĀpana Burbot

No ka mea he mau paila liʻiliʻi kēia mau iʻa, hōʻike kēia e pale i nā muliwai me kahi manawa ikaika, kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka wikiwiki a me ka ikaika. ʻO kahi noho punahele o ka burbot ka mea anuanu, maʻemaʻe nā muliwai me kahi papa puʻu a me ka one.

I ke kauwela, i ka nui o ka ea o ka wai, piʻi ka burbot i kahi hohonu kahi i hoʻomehana ai e nā kekona. I ka wai mahana, hiki ʻole i kēia mau iʻa me ka wela, a ma ke ʻano o 25 mau degere ua make.

I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka nā burbots e hōʻike i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hana. I kēia manawa, ʻānai lākou iā lākou. Mālama ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoili i ka hoʻoiho ʻai ma ka wai anuanu.

He huaʻāina ʻo Burbot. Hoʻohana i ka hānai Fry i nā invertebrates, ʻai nui nā holoholona ʻōpala i nā crustaceans a me zooplankton. ʻOi aku ka poʻe pākeke i nā pikes, ka ipukukui, nā puʻu, ke trout, ka hina hina. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka papaʻai e pili ana i nā nahele, nā baki a me nā manu.

Holo ka Burbots i ka pō, ke alakaʻi ʻia nei lākou e ke ʻano o ka ʻohu a me ka pā. ʻO ka nānā nui ʻana i ka burbot i lawe ʻia e nā kani nui a me ka mea ʻalaʻala. Eia kekahi, ʻai kēia mau iʻa i ka kalima.

He ʻāpana ʻaʻo Burbot.

ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi

Hoʻomoʻa ka lālama i nā burbots i nā makahiki 4-7. Kuhihewa ʻo Burbot i Dekemaba-Malaki. Manaʻo pinepine nā iʻa ma lalo o ka hau, aʻo ka mahana o ka wai me 1-4 tikelika. ʻAʻohe wahi ʻike maopopo ʻole ka burbot. Hoʻokomo pololei nā wahine i nā hua i loko o ka kolamu wai.

Hoʻokomo ka mahana o ka wai i ka lōʻihi o ka manawa incubation; hiki iā ia mai 30 a 128 mau lā. E kahe ana ʻo Caviar i ka mānoanoa o ka hau, a hiki i ka ʻohi ʻia i ka crevice ma waena o nā pōhaku. Pale kauāāla pālule. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei lākou, hūnā ma ka malu i ka lā, a hoʻoikaika i ka pō. I ka makahiki mua, ulu ka ulu a ʻōpiopio i ka 11-12 kenimika, ma ka makahiki ʻelua ua hoʻohui ʻia he 10 kenimika.

Pālua ka wahine i kēlā me kēia 2 mau makahiki, a komo nā kāne i ka hua pākana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Noho ʻo Burbots i ka makahiki 20-25 mau makahiki.

Nā lawaiʻa

Ke hoʻomau nei ka lawaiʻa Burbot i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO kaʻelele o ka lawaiʻa ʻOkakopa, nā mahina hoʻoilo a me Malaki-ʻApelila. Hoʻopili maikaʻi i ka burbot ka pō a hiki i 5am. No ka mea, ʻo kēia ka mea hana lalo, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā māka lawaiʻa haʻahaʻa no ka lawaiʻa. Hopu pū ʻia ʻo Burbot ma ke koʻokoʻo a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe.

Ke ʻai ʻia ka ʻai, nā ʻiʻo a me nā cereals. ʻO Mormyshka, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo, ka baki, nā pipi liʻiliʻi, a me nā mea wobbler i kūpono no ka nozzle. Kāhā maikaʻi ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpio i nā kōpala a me nā koko koko. He iʻa ikaika ʻo Burbot, no laila e huki ana kahi lawaiʻa e kū hou ana. Akā ua hoʻopau ka iʻa i ka māka hohonu, no laila hana maoli ʻole ia e uha.

Manaʻo ʻia ka momona Burbot he mea waiwai nui ia, ʻo ia ka nui o nā huaora A a me D ma mua o nā aʻa iʻa. ʻO ka nui o nā huaora e hilinaʻi i ka meaʻai o ka iʻa. Hoʻopilikia ka mea momona i ka 10% o ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka iʻa. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka 6 o ka nui o nā iʻa i ka wai o ka wai like ʻole o ka nui.

Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ke koiola

Hiki i nā pelekane ke loli i ka nui a i ʻole ka waihoʻoluʻu, akā ʻae ka hapanui o nā mea noiʻi ʻaʻole pono ke ʻano i ka loiloi i kēia mau iʻa e nā subspecies. ʻO kā lākou poʻe hoa kū, i ʻokoʻa pū me nā burbot ʻEulopa maʻamau, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana kūpeʻa, e noho ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau a hāliʻi ʻia i ka ʻōpū hemolele o ka burbot ʻAmelika.

Holoi nui ke kino o ka burbot, a ina he aoao ka aoao mua, alaila, ke kua, o ka huelo, me ka welewelu, a hele pololei ana i ka huelo. Hoʻonoho ʻia ke poʻo ākea nui me nā ʻāpana antennae, hoʻokahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe uku, aia ma ka pāpaha. He liʻiliʻi nā maka, akā ʻōlaʻi ka waha, me nā ʻōpū ikaika, e hōʻoia ana i ka wānana o ka iʻa. ʻO ka kala, mai ka uliuli ʻeleʻele a i kahi hina brownish, ʻaʻole ia e hilinaʻi wale i ka waiho ʻia o ka lepo o ka ʻāina, akā, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka makahiki - ʻo ia ka pakeke o ka iʻa, ʻoi aku ka ua.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka dorsal fin i ʻelua, ʻo ka mea pōkole e kokoke loa i ke poʻo, ʻo ka lua, ka lōʻihi, e like me ke elongated anal one, ʻoiai ua kokoke ia, akā ʻaʻole e pili i ka huelo. He liʻiliʻi nā ʻāpana burbot, a ua uhi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa i ka mucus, e hoʻopilika i ka iʻa. ʻO ka hiʻi ʻana o ka pākeke pākeke ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o hoʻokahi mika, a ʻo ke kaupaona ua hiki ke 20 kilograms a keu paha. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, loaʻa ʻole nā ​​ʻano wai ʻaka.

Hoʻaiho

Hoʻopili pololei ʻo Burbot i nā ʻano kūlohelohe, no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i ka iʻa i loko o ka wai o nā konalima ʻelima. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pālahalaha pākahi i nā ʻāpana o nā kahawai (me nā poʻe lawe mai) e kahe ana i ka moana Artctic. Ma ka hoʻohui i nā muliwai, noho ka burbot i nā loko, nā waihona wai pilikino a me nā loko wai me kahi wai maloʻo a me ka wai maʻemaʻe, kahi papahele a i ʻole ka one. Pono e kapa ʻia ʻaʻole ʻo burbot i noho i nā kino wai i haumia, he mea maʻamau no nā ʻāina o ʻEulopa ʻEulopa. I laila, ʻoiai, ʻo ka ʻae ʻana i ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa, hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka burbot a ma kekahi mau wahi i ka iʻa ʻo ia ka iʻa.

ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua loaʻa mau i kēia iʻa i Rūsia, a me ka nui, no ka wai o ka Arctic zone, i loko o nā kīʻaha o ka moana Baltic, Keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a me Caspian moana. Aia ka nui o nā kamaʻāina nui i nā ipu wai o nā muliwai Siberia, e like me ka Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Anadyr, ʻĀina i waena o nā loko kūkulu ʻākau, Taimyr, Teletskoe, Zaysan, a me Baikal ka mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo. He nui ka burbot ma ka ʻĀnika, ma hope loa iā Sakhalin a me nā mokupuni ʻo Shantar, a hele pinepine ka iʻa i nā wahi o ke kai me ka paʻakai haʻahaʻa.

Aia kekahi ma nā ʻano kīmaki o ka burbot e hōʻilio lōʻihi ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka manawa ma kahi mamao he umauma he kilomita.