ʻŌhumu ʻōnaehana.
Nā ʻohana Mantis - Mantidae (Manteidae).
Bolivaria - Bolivaria brachyptera (Pallas, 1773
Ke kūlana. 7 "Maʻa kūikawā" - 7, SK. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Pepa 2 i ka Red Book o ka Russian Lūkini *. I loko o ke Kauka Hoʻolaha o ka USSR pili ia i ke kāʻei ʻo "II. Nā huahelu ʻano ".
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o ka bolivaria pōkole lima
He kanaka punahele ʻo Bolivaria i nā mantis. Piʻi kona kino, elongated, brownish-hina i ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka nui o nā wahine he 4-5.3 cm, nā kāne he 3-4.5 cm.
Noho ʻo Bolivarians ma nā wao cereal-wormwood.
Kuhi ʻia nā laina o nā pronotum ma hope. ʻOhiʻohi ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka elytra i pōkole loa ma ka ʻaoʻao o mua, he keʻokeʻo. Ua kuhikuhi ʻia lākou a ʻaʻole i pālahalaha ma waho aʻe o ka waena o ka ʻōpū. Nui nā ʻeke o Hind, me ka ʻokeo a i ʻole he ʻeleʻele-violet a puni a puni. I ka pale ʻana o ka tarsus, ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka māhele mua ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau.
He ʻano like ka penknife ke ʻano o nā wāwae o mua. ʻO ka pahu kuʻuna me nā kīkī ke lawelawe nei me he pelekane, a ʻo ka ʻūhā me nā serrations e lawelawe ana ma kahi kaohi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻai, ua hūnā ka mantis i nā pale i nā ʻuā i nā puhaka, akā i ka ʻike o ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia, e hoʻoku ʻo ia iā lākou me ka uila uila, ʻo ia ka hopu ʻana me ka ikaika i ka mea i waena o ka ʻūhā a me ka wāwae ʻākau. Aia kekahi mau hihia i kēia ʻoi nui ka hopu ʻana i nā baki a me nā kīlaha liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Wormwood Bolivaria i ka Red Book o Ukraine ma kahi ʻano he nui.
Hana ʻia ʻo Bolivarius
Noho ʻo Bolivaria pōkole i ka papalepa, semi-deserto, ʻike ʻia ma nā mea kanu i hoʻoponopono ʻia e noho i nā kūlana mehameha, ma nā kahe o nā puʻu a me nā kuahiwi. Noho nā wahi ma ka huehue me nā mea kanu ulu, ola ma ke kai kahawai, ma nā wahi wao nahele grassy, steppe gullies a me nā waikahe. Ma nā wahi ala, piʻi ʻo ia ma luna o nā pali i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2000 m ma mua o ke kai. Ma Central Asia, loaʻa nā bolivaria i nā biotopes cereal-wormwood, tugai, solyanka nā kāwili, a me nā wahi semi-dese.
He ʻōiwi manu ʻolua ka Bolivaria - ʻo nā ʻano nui wale nō i waena o nā mantis kahi e noho ana ka ʻākau i ke kūkulu ʻākau i nā ʻāpana o Eurasia.
Hoʻolālā kūleʻa Bolivarium
ʻO kēia ʻano o nā pepeke he ʻano wānana maʻamau e kali ana i kāna mea pio ma kahi hoʻohālua. ʻO ka meaʻai nui nā mea e hōʻike i nā ʻelele o nā orthoptera, ka pipi, ke noho nei ma nā wahi like me ka bolivaria.
Hoʻomaʻa ka mea predator i nā ʻūhini, nā ʻūhā, nā ʻūhā, nā peʻe, nā lele. Ke loaʻa nei ka mea pio, ke luku piha nei ka mantis i kāna mea pio. Hakaʻo ia iā ia mai kekahi ʻaoʻao i mua i kekahi, e nānā ai, e nānā ana i kona poʻo a hoʻoiho lohi ʻo ia, me ka hoʻoluhi ʻole. Hōʻalo nā ʻēheu a nā wāwae a me nā wāwae, a pau ke hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi nā mantis i kāna mau ʻōpio, hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ʻūwī i kona mau wāwae, huki iā ia i ka umauma, a hōā hou i loko o ka hoʻopiha i kahi kūpaʻa pule.
Hoʻokele ʻo Bolivaria i nā mea iniketi, kahi e komo ai i ka manawa ma hope o ka hopu ʻana.
ʻO ka helu o ka bolivaria pāheu
ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe ka nui o nā ʻano ma nā wahi a pau; nā iwi o Bolivaria Bolivaria i loaʻa i ka sporadically. ʻO ka mokuʻāina o nā heluna kanaka ma ko mākou ʻāina ma nā wahi i mālama ʻia ke manaʻo ʻia he paʻa mau. ʻO ka maʻamau, i hoʻokahi hola o ka hoʻokolohua, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka bolivareka, manawa i kekahi. He ʻano maʻamau o ka heluna lahilahi ka nui o nā iniseti nui a ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia ka nui o nā ʻano lāʻau i loko o kona ʻano kūlohelohe. Ma kekahi hapa o nā ʻaoʻao hema o ko mākou ʻāina, ma muli o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka mālama hipa ʻana, ua hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka waiwai maoli o Bolivaria Bolivaria ma nā wahi nui kahi i ʻike mua ʻia ai ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka palaki wahine ma muli o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka hipa.
ʻO ka Bolivaria ʻO Bolivaria he mākana ʻokoʻa o nā mantis.
ʻO nā kumu no ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka bolivaria
ʻO ke kumu nui no ka emi ʻana o ka nui o ka mauʻu e pili ana i nā pōkā liʻiliʻi o ka ulu ʻana o nā wahi kū i kahi o nā noho ʻana o nā ʻano. I ka pilina me ka hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻana i ka huakaʻi, e hoʻonui ana ka ukali ʻoliʻoli ma luna o kēia mau ʻāina i nā wahi a pau. Eia kekahi, i kahi o nā apana, ke hoʻonui nui nei nā wahi o nā melons a me nā gourds, e alakaʻi ai i kahi hōʻemi i nā wahi o ke alapine i kūpono i ke ola no Bolivaria. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau hoʻoweliweli i ka noho ʻana o nā ʻano holoholona e nā manu ʻai manu i komo i ka mea ʻai no nā pepeke makehewa. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu i nā hua a me nā hua hoʻokiki.
Pahu ʻia nā bolivariums i nā pōkole i nā helu hoʻomaha.
Ka pale ʻana o nā Pio
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Bolivaria Bolivaria i ka Hoʻolima 2 a me ka Puke ʻĀina o ka Russian Federation. Mālama ʻia i kekahi nui o nā mālama a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Pono e hoʻokaʻawale i nā wahi liʻiliʻi o ka ʻanuʻu e hoʻihoʻi i ka helu o nā mantis līpika. ʻAʻole paʻa loa nā hana palekana no ka bolivaria.
Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomake ka ulu ʻana o nā wahi āpau kahi i mālama ʻia ai nā kai kūʻokoʻa ʻoi aku paha i ka nalo koke ʻana o ka Bivolaria Bolivaria. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ukali ʻoliʻoli i loko o kahi o nā ʻano o nā ʻano.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻai, ua hūnā ka mantis i nā pale i nā ʻuā i nā puhaka, akā i ka ʻike o ka mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia, e hoʻoku ʻo ia iā lākou me ka uila uila, ʻo ia ka hopu ʻana me ka ikaika i ka mea i waena o ka ʻūhā a me ka wāwae ʻākau.
Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kahi hala, e koho i kahi ʻāpana a me ka paʻi Ctrl + Kākau.
ʻO ka wehewehe morphological pōkole
Aia ke kino i ka nui, hina, ʻulaʻula, hākā, 34–40 mm, 37-46 mm ka nui. Hoʻopili ʻia nā momi hope o nā pronotum. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Elytra a me nā ʻēheu: ma nā kāne ʻelua a hiki ke kū i waena o ka ʻōpū. ʻO Elytra me kahi alana alo alo, kahi aniani keʻokeʻo ma ke kikowaena a me kahi hae i mua o ke kuapoʻo, i ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia ka ʻike. Uiki ʻia nā ʻēheu me kahi poni ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā palena ʻeleʻele a puni ka ʻaoʻao.
Kālā
ʻO Crimea, ka Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Central a me Asia Minor, Syria, Iran, ma ka hikina a hiki i ka hema hema o Mongolia. ʻO nā ʻano ʻano wale nō ka iwi i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau a hiki i nā pāhihi o Eurasia. Ma ka Lūkini Lūkini i loaʻa i loko o ka papahō steppe mai Ciscaucasia a me ka ʻāina Volga a hiki i ka Irtysh. I loko o ka SFD ka pālahalaha ʻana.
I loko o ka Red Red moʻo o ka Repubalika o Dagestan ka mea i kahaha ʻia ma ka ʻeke poloka: "... ma nā wao nahele i awiwi ʻia o ka Noʻe, Kizlyar, nā Derbent mau wahi a me ka wana o ke kai ʻo Agrahan, Kumtorkali dune" ma ka hikina o ka repubalika. ʻO kahi hōʻike maʻamau o ka noho ʻana i ka puke nūpepa ʻo ia wale nō ʻo Lake. Nā ʻōlapa. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻano nui ma 2003 ma ka ululāʻau xerophytic o nā pua o Gimrinsky Range, ma ka ʻaoʻao o Maidan.
Ma North Ossetia, hōʻike ʻia no ke kāʻei wāwae wāwae, ua uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao ma ka moku ʻo Mozdok ma ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka repubalika, kahi e kū nei ʻo Stavropol. I loko o ka Chechen Republic ua kaulana ia ma ka moku Shelkovsky, e hui pū ana me Dagestan.
Ma ka Red Book of the Republic of Armenia ʻaʻohe ʻikepili kikoʻī i loaʻa i ka repubalika. I loko o kahi ma RO, ua kaulana ia ma Zimovnikovsky, Dubovsky, nā moku Zavetinsky, ma nā pali wahine ma ka moku o ka Rostov State Nature Reserve a me nā ʻāpana Azov o ka Don Don [9, 10]. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mai nā ʻaoʻao hema ma ke kahiki o ke au o RO, ʻae i ka ʻaoʻao o ka North Caucasus, Kalmykia a me ka ʻāina Volgograd.
Ma ka ʻōlelo o ka Red Book o UK ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka hema-hikina a me ke komohana hema-pae o ka wahi, he mau hōʻike hōʻike e ʻike ana i ka wahi nui o Stavropol Upland (Kursavka, Surkul), nā ʻāpana ʻākau me Kahiki (Arzgir) a ma ka pāpū ʻo Prikum semi-efitra ( ʻO Kumskaya MZhS) a me nā ʻāpana Arzgir a me Turkmen.
Ma ka Wāwaho o Volgograd, ka hapanui o ka bolivaria e hānai nui ana i ka biotopes steppe a me semi-disyerto o ke kaʻe hema o Volga a me nā ʻāpana e kū ana i ka hema o ka Volga-Don Canal. Ma ka paʻi mua o ka Red Book of the CC, ʻikepili i kēia mau ʻano.
ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻāina nā wahi o ka biotopes o ka biotopes o ka moku ʻo Temryuk, kahi i noho ai nā ʻano ma nā pelahona i noho ʻia e nā anuʻu a me ka ʻāʻī. E hānai i nā kahe hema o nā palena o ka Pahu Hema (Navagir, Markotkh), nā wahi ʻala ma luna o nā moʻo ʻana o ka wai a me nā ʻuʻuku me nā mea kanu kulana-ākea a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o kahi 400 m.
E kaulana ʻia mai kahi kokoke o Novorossiysk, pos. Hema a me North Ozereyevka, Shirokaya Balka, Utrish, Sukko, Abrau a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka ʻāina, ka palena ʻo Stavropol. Loaʻa hou aku nei ma nā ʻanuʻu a me nā heiau ʻo Taman Peninsula, ma nā kapa o Estuaries ʻo Tsokur, Kiziltash, Bugaz.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka biology a me ka ecology
E like me nā pule a pau e pule nei, he mea maʻamau ka ambush ma mua. He mau makahiki kahi makahiki. ʻO ka mea nui ma ka orthoptera, nui i loko o nā wahi noho o Bolivaria, a ʻo nā mākaʻi o nā kauoha a Lepidoptera, Diptera, a me nā mea ulana ʻē aʻe i loaʻa no ka hopu.
Ma ka Lūkini Lūkini e noho ana i loko o nā kapuwai, semi-deserto, ma nā kahe o nā puʻu a me nā kīhāpai me nā honu xerophytic. Ma Armenia, pili pū kekahi i nā papa palaki, i ka wahi i loaʻa i nā ʻāpana foʻo ke loaʻa ma nā puʻu pōhaku, e piʻi ana i nā mauna i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2000 m ma luna o ke kai. kai. . ^ E Ha yM.
Iloko o loko o Asia Tino, noho ia i ka biotopes cereal-wormwood, solyanka semi-dese a me nā wao, a komo i loko o kaʻe. ʻAʻole i aʻo ʻia ʻo Biology ma nā ʻāina i ʻike ʻole ʻia, eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia ua pau ka wā o ka edema i ka mahina o ʻAukake - Kepakemapa, ʻoiai ʻo kekahi mau kānaka e ola a hiki i Nowemapa.
Loaʻa a me kāna mauʻano
Nui ka nui o nā ʻano ma nā wahi āpau, loaʻa i ka sporadically. Ma ka māhele Volgograd, ʻo RO, SK, KK, i nā republika o Kalmykia, Dagestan i ka wā nānā i ka makahiki 1995 a 2005, ʻo kā ka lehulehu o ka poʻe o ka Bolivaria bolivaria i paʻa mau. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka helu ka 1-3 o kēlā me kēia i ka 1 hola o ka hoʻokolokolo, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe aʻe. He ʻano honu o nā heluna holoʻokoʻa ka maʻi āpau o nā iniseti nui nui a ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano weliweli o kā lākou heluna kanaka.
Ma kekahi mau wahi o ka hema o ka Lūkini Rusia, kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai ka ʻohana hipa i ka ululāʻau bolivaria i nā ʻāina pākeke a me nā ʻāina semi-disy, hōʻemi i kāna pālahalaha, ʻoi aku paha i nā 90s o nā makahiki i hala, ua kōkua e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka helu maoli o kona mau kānaka ma nā wahi nui i hoʻoili ʻia nā biotopes ma muli o ka hana nui ʻana . ^ E Ha yM. No laila, ma ka RO i nā wahi i ʻae i mālama ʻia i ke kauwela o 2005, ʻo ka nui o nā holoholona i kekahi mau wahi he 3-5 mau kānaka no ka 1 hola o ka ʻimi.
Ma ka laulā, ke kūpaʻa nui nei ka mokuʻāina o Bolivarian i ka KA i kēia manawa a ʻaʻole kumu e hopohopo nui, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i kū ka ʻāina o kahi o ka ʻāina i kahi o ka nui o kēia mau ʻano. Kahi ʻia ka nui o ka poʻe ʻōpiopio i ka ʻāeʻa wahine ma kahi ʻōpala o ka pali. ʻO Navagir Peninsula Abrau.
Ke kaupalena nei i nā mea kumu
Ma kahi ʻāpana nui, hoʻomohala ʻia ke kāʻei i ka Teritori kahi i loaʻa ai ka ʻano ʻano biotopes o ka nohona ʻano ʻano.
Ma aneane nā wahi āpau, hoʻonui ʻia ka ukana ʻoliʻoli ma luna o kēia mau ʻāina i ka ulu ʻana o ka huakaʻi a me ke komo ʻana o ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi ma nā kahakai. Ma ka moku ʻo Temryuk, i ka manawa hou, ua nui ka nui o ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e nā māla waina a me nā melons.
Hāʻawi kēia mau kaʻina hana i ka hōʻemi o ka ʻāina o nā ʻāina wahine i pono no ka noho ʻana o ka bolivaria. ʻO nā hopena ʻaoʻao o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea inikini laulā ākea kahi hoʻoweliweli i kahi o nā ʻano ʻōiwi e noho kokoke ana i ka ʻāina mahiʻai. ʻO ka pōʻino nui loa i nā ʻōpala hūnā ʻia i lilo ʻia ma ka puhi ʻana i nā mea kanu.
Ka pono a me nā ʻōnaehana palekana hou
I loko o ka Red Book o ka ukana SSR, kahi i komo ai kēia ʻano, me ke ʻano pale i mālama ʻia ʻia, i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā wahi liʻiliʻi i loko o nā wahi i loaʻa iā Crimea (ma nā Tarkhankut a me nā Kerch peninsulas) a ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o nā ʻāpana o ka puʻu ʻo Crimea.
Ma QC, ʻaʻole hiki ke koi mai nā ʻōlelo like no ka bolivaria. Eia nō naʻe, he pono e hoʻihoʻi i ka ʻoihana i ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o nā wahi āpau kahi i hoʻomohala ʻia ai nā kumu o Mediterranean, kahi kūʻokoʻa no ka ʻāpana (a ʻo ka Russian Federation he ʻano holoʻokoʻa), ʻo ia ka mea i mālama ʻia, a me nā ukana ma nā ʻoliʻulima i nā kai kahakai.
Pono ka mea e ʻike i ka papa inoa o nā mea i mālama ʻia i nā wahi i mālama ʻia i loko o kona wahi kūloko: ʻo Abrausky, Bolshoi Utrish ma kona ʻano (preventively), nā mea hoʻomanaʻo Juniper forestlands, Juniper forest of Sheskharis forestry, Yakhno tract, Cape Panagia "," Karabetova Gora me nā Kolona Mud (Karabetova Sopka) "," Cape Zhelezniy Rog "," Salt Lake "[15, 16].
Nā kumuwaiwai o ka ʻike. Buke Kauwe o ka Teritori Krasnodar. 1. Avakyan, 1950, 2. Ka Buke Moʻolelo o USSR, 1984, 3. ʻO ka puke ʻaha o ka Repubalika o Dagestan, 1998, 4. ʻO ka puke ʻaha o ka Repubalika o Ossetia-Alania, 1999, 5. ʻO ka puke ʻaha o RA, 2000, 6. ʻO ka puke ʻaha o RO, 2004 7. SC Red Book, 2002, 8. Red Book of the Ukrainian SSR, 1980, 9. Minoransky, Demina, 1990, 10. Minoransky, Tikhonov, 1998, 11. Mukhin, 1992, 12. Nagalevsky, 1994, 13. Nikulin, 1969, 14. Pravdin, 1978, 15. Ma ka huina ..., 1983, 16. I ke kiʻi ʻana ..., 1988, 17. Ma ka ʻae ..., 1998, 18. Stolyarov, Kalacheva, 2002, 19. Uzhakhov, King, 1990.20. Kuhi ʻole ʻia o ka helu kope a M. V. Stolyarov, 21. ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia ʻo V. I. Schurov. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia e M.V. Stolyaro