ʻĀlima hema | |||||
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Kahi ʻano ʻepekema | |||||
Aupuni: | Eumetazoi |
Moulou | Plalani |
Nānā: | ʻĀlima hema |
Keʻalaka Hema Hema (Latin Mirounga leonina) he kahakaha subantarctic a me kahi Antarctic, ʻo kekahi o nā māka ʻelua o nā huaʻōlelo o nā elephants moana.Mirounga) nā ʻohana o nā ʻīlona maoli (Phocidae).
ʻO ka mākaʻi nui loa o nā pinnipeds ma ka honua. ʻO kona mau dimensional (hiki i nā kāne) ke hiki i 5.8 m ka lōʻihi, a hiki i kona nui a hiki i 3700 kg. Ua loaʻa kēia inoa inoa i ka inoa o "elephant" no ka nui loa o kona kino ʻōpiopio a me ka ʻāʻī ʻili ma ka ihu o nā kāne, ke komo pū nei i kahi pōpō nui i ka wā hopohopo a i nā wā hakakā. Ua kapa ʻia kēia sila inoa "hānai" no kona pili pili ʻia, ka ʻāpana elepani ʻākau ʻĀkau, e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao Hemolele ma waho o ke kapakai o Kalepika ʻAmelika (Mirounga angustirostris), eē he haʻahaʻa iā ia i ka nui, akā me ke ʻokiʻoki ʻoi aku.
Kāleka
Maʻa loa ke kino a ʻōpū nui, mālie ke ʻano o ke kino, ʻaʻole kokoke i ke ākea o ka ʻāʻī a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻia e nā lipu mānoanoa, nui ka umauma. Nui nā maka, hoʻonoho ʻia i mua. Hōʻike maopopo ʻia ka dimorphism moʻokalaleo i ke alo o nā kāne o ka puʻupuʻu pōkole, ʻūlū a nui loa i nā poʻe i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 mau makahiki o kona makahiki. He liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka mua, no ka hapuku o ka lōʻihi o ke kino, me nā ʻōpū nui a hiki i 5 cm lōʻihi a he 1 cm paha.
ʻO ka kala kala maʻamau ka monophonic dark grey a ʻokoʻa paha mai ka brownish i ka brown, i kekahi manawa me kahi kapa ʻeleʻele ma o ka pōiwi; Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā kala melemele-greenish o ke kala me ka unicellular e ulu nei ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lauoho. I nā keiki pēpē hou, ʻeleʻele ka hulu.
Kahele
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia ma ka Hema Hemolele kokoke me ka laha i loko o nā zona climatic Subantarctic a me Antarctic, ʻoi loa ka ʻākau o ka palena o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka hau hau. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka laulā e hāʻule ana ma ka Subantarctic, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mokupuni o South Georgia, Heard a me MacDonald, Crozet, ʻo Prince Edward a me nā Kerguelen archipelago, kahi i loaʻa ai nā koloka nui loa o kēia mau ʻano. ʻO ka 5% wale nō o ka nui o nā kime elepani no ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka genus i koho i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o Western Antarctica - ke kūkulu ʻākau o Antarctic Peninsula, nā South Orkney Islands, nā South Shetland Islands a me nā South Sandwich Islands. Aia kekahi o kona mau koloni i loko o nā puʻuwai huhū. Aia ka hapa nui o lākou e kū ana ma ke Peninsula Valdez ma ʻAmelika a ma nā mokupuni ʻo Falkland (Malvinas).
I ka wā ma mua, ua noho nā kuʻuna o nā kime elepani hema ma Tasmania, ma King Island, ma nā mokupuni o Juan Fernandez a me ka mokupuni ʻo St. Helena, akā no ka pīhoihoi ikaika, ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia mau holoholona ma laila i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19.
Ke noho maʻamau
Mālama nui ia ma nā squids, ka mea e kūkulu ai i ka 75% o kaʻai, ka iʻa a me ka krill. Hoʻolaha ʻia ka hohonu hohonu o ka moana a hiki i ka 400-700 m ke ao. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana ma lalo o ka wai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā mea kani he 120 mau minuke, a ʻo ka hohonu hohonu loa o ka hoʻopuluhū ʻana i nā ʻāpana he 1250 a me 2000 m. I ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana o nā meaʻai o ke kauwela a hiki i Antarctica, hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke uhi i nā kai nui a hiki i 4800 km.
Loaʻa nā wahine i ka moe kolohe i nā makahiki he 2-4, mau kāne - 3-7 mau makahiki. Ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻouka ʻana ma kahakai, ʻo ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻohe ka hau, nā kāne kāne i hana i nā mea nui e pili ana i ka 50, a i kekahi manawa he 100-300 wahine. No nā rookeries makemake i nā kahakai kahakai a i nā kahakai paha. I Kepakemapa - Nowemapa, hānau ʻia kahi kiliki wahine, ʻokoʻa loa a ʻelua.Ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū, i ka manawa a haʻalele ai ka wahine i nā cubs a ʻaʻole hoʻi e ai, e mau ana ʻo 3-4 wiki. I nā makahiki he 3 wiki, e hoʻomaka ana nā pēpē, e hoʻololi i nā hulu ʻeleʻele i ka hulu kala-kālā. Mates o nā wahine me ka billhook - ka mea nona ka harem, a i ʻole kekahi o nā kāne manuahi e mālama ana ma nā kihi o ka harem i hele i ka lā 3-5 ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka molile o nā ʻoki.
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka silaila elima hema i ka ʻāina he 2-3 mau kauwela kauwela o ka makahiki, i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka molting. ʻO nā kahakaha ʻana o ke kai o kēia sila hōʻailona i hala ma kahi o 250-300 mau lā o ka makahiki. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea e hana nei i ka neʻe ʻana i nā wā ma nā kahakai o ʻAmelika Hema ma ke kahakai anu a hiki i Angola, Australia, New Zealand a me South America - Patagonia. Ma ka moana Kaiʻāina, ua loaʻa nā elepani hema i nā wahi o ka mokupuni o Mauritius.
ʻO ke ola ola o nā kāne a hiki i 20 makahiki, ʻo nā wahine a hiki i ka 14 makahiki.
Helu
ʻO ka huina o nā kime elepani hema o kēia manawa e pili ana i 670-800 tausani kanaka, kahi o ka hapa he hapalua i noho ma South Georgia a ma kahi o 40% ma nā mokupuni subantarctic ma ka ʻĀpana Ocean o Antarctica. Ma nā mokupuni o Crozet a me Kerguelen, kahi emi o nā helu i ʻike ʻia.
ʻO ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka elephant
Kahiki ʻaʻohe mea pono e pili i ka 'eleele ʻāina. ʻO kā lākou hu like ʻana aia ma ke kai, ma ka pau ʻana o ka muzzle, kahi kaʻina he kanakolu-sentimita ke kau nei i lalo, ua manaʻo ʻia e like me ka ʻeke o kahi elephant.
ʻO kahi mamala no ka ʻohana ʻohana i nā kuina maloʻo. ʻOiai kekahi poʻe connoisseurs o kaʻepekema, zoologists, ua kala lōʻihi i kēia kumuhana. A ke ʻōlelo nei ko lākou kūpuna mamao, he mea ʻino loa ia. Nui ka nui o nā elepana o ke kai, ʻoiai he mau momi lākou, he poʻe predatory lākou.
Noho lākou i ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika a i ka ʻAmelika Antartika. I ʻO ke silahe elephant Antartika neʻe ʻia mai ka poʻe ʻimi. Nā kamaʻāina o nā kai o subarctic a me subantarctic.
ʻO kēia mau ʻelele, Northern a Hewa kai elephant, ʻano like ʻole me kekahi. ʻElima elepani ʻehā ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ko lākou mau hoahānau hema. ʻO ka ihu, ka ʻokoʻa i nā elepani hema, he ʻonanika a lōʻihi.
I ka ʻohana hōʻailona, ʻo ke sila ka elephant ka mea hoʻokūkū nui o lākou. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, mahalo nui i kona nui. Malolo ʻaukiku elephantpaona a hiki i eha ʻākau, a i ʻekolu hema-ʻekolu. Elima lākou a ʻeono paha anā lōʻihi.
ʻO kā lākou ʻōpio e like me nā lau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e kū'ē i ke kua o ko lākou mau kāne. Ma ke paona ʻaʻole lākou i hiki i kahi ton. Ma loko o ʻewalu mau haneli ʻeiwa haneli. ʻAe, a ma muli o ka hapalua, ʻelua wale nō a me ka hapa, ʻekolu mau mika.
ʻAno nā kāne a me nā wahine ʻokoʻa o ke kala o ka huluhulu. I nā kāne, loaʻa iā ia kahi kala kiʻo. A ʻo nā wahine wahine e kāhiko ʻia i nā kala ʻeleʻele, e like me ka lepo. ʻO kā lākou kapa hulu hipa ʻoiai he pokole pōkole, ikaika a paʻakikī.
Akā mai kahi mamao, nani loa. E like me nā poʻe paʻake e holo ana mai ke kai hohonu. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo e pili i ka molting. Hapalua o ka hoʻoilo, aia ka holoholona i uka.
Uhi ʻia kona ʻili me nā blisters, a mai lalo nā ʻāpana a pau. I ka wā holoʻokoʻa kaiakaoelephales Mai ʻai i kekahi mea, ke hoʻomaha nei ma ke kau ʻana ma luna o nā ʻili kai kahakai. Mai ka hōʻeha loa a me ka hikiʻole ke kaʻina hana.
Hoʻoholo ka holoholona i ke kaumaha a nā nāwaliwali. Akā e hoʻololi ana i ka lole a pau, he aha ke ʻano o ka elepani kai hoʻokahi maka no nā maka ʻeha. Me koʻu ikaika a pau, ua naueʻe nā ʻāpana elepona hina holo i ke kai e hoʻihoʻi i ka ikaika a hou i ka ʻōpū.
ʻOkoʻa nā momone kāne ma mua o ko lākou mau wāhine i ke alo o nā ʻōpala i kapa ʻia ʻo ia. Nā kiʻi o nā kelima elephant hōʻike ʻo ia e pili ana i nā kihi o ka muzzle, e uhi ana i kona waha.
Aia i ka nui o nā pali nui, me he mea lā e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pōhaku cobble ma laila. ʻAʻohe o nā wahine a pau ʻole. He wahi maka nani ko lākou, e like me nā lālani nunui plush. I ka ihu aia nā kinipona liʻiliʻi kūpono loa.
ʻO kahi mea e pili ana i nā sila e pili ana i ka elephant ʻo ia ka manawa o ka mākele, ke kīkē nei nā kāne o ke kāne. Holo ke koko i loko o ia mea, hoʻomaka nā mea kuʻi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a mai kahi kaʻina he kanakolukūmākahi, he hapalua mita a keu aku, ʻike ʻia kekahi mea.
Ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo o kēia mau holoholona i ka liʻiliʻi, e kahe ʻoluʻolu ana i loko o ke kino. ʻO nā maka liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele ʻoliva ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka ʻili ma ka ʻāʻī o nā kihi elepani a paʻakikī a paʻakikī. Mālama ʻo ia i ka holoholona mai ka ʻaihue ʻana i ka wā o ka maki.
ʻO kā lākou kino nui e hoʻopau me kahi ʻoi iʻa e like me ka ʻoi. A ma mua, ma mua o nā wāwae, ʻelua ʻāpana me nā ʻōpū nui.
Nā ʻano lawaiʻa a me ka mālama ʻana
I nā kenekulia 19, ʻo ke kelepona hema o ka hema ka mea i ʻike ʻia no ka hopu. ʻO John's wort, e hōʻea ana i nā mokupuni subantarctic i luna o ka papa wort o St. John, ua ʻimi pinepine ʻia kēia holoholona hihiu e hōʻiliʻili i ka momona subcutaneous. ʻO nā kāne nui a ua luku ʻia.
Mai ka makahiki 1964, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka silaʻe o ka elepani hema ma South Georgia, a laila ma nā wahi āpau. I kēia manawa, pale ʻia ka silaila elepelika hema e ka International Convention no ka mālama ʻana o nā Antarctic Seals.
Pūʻai ʻai elephant
No ka mea, ʻo ka hōʻailona eleph he kikoʻāina make. ʻO ia a me kāna ʻanoʻai nui i ka iʻa. Pēlā pū kekahi, nā likoa a me nā ʻili. ʻO ka pākeke, i kēlā lā, hiki ke ʻai i ka hapalua o ka iʻa. I ka hoʻāʻo, ʻoi aku lākou i ka ʻiʻo na nā hiwa a me ka io make.
ʻO nā pinepine, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpala i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā elepani o ke kai. Manao kekahi poʻe e pono ai no ka ballast, ke hoʻoilo ʻia ka elepani i ka wai. ʻO kekahi, kahi ʻokoʻa, ʻōlelo mai ka hāpai ʻana o nā pōhaku i ka ʻalohilohi, ʻūlū ʻia piha ʻia e nā crustaceans.
Akā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā holoholona i ko lākou wā moe, molting, ʻaʻole i ʻai nā elepani i kekahi mea i mau mahina, aia wale nō i nā papa momona a lākou i kūkulu ai i ka wā momona.
ʻO ka pilina a me ka lōʻihi
Ma hope koke o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hiki mai ka manawa o ke aloha i ke ola o nā ʻōpū. Mai ka waena waena o ka hoʻoilo a ka waena waena, ua hoʻonohonoho nā elepani i nā hakakā, a laila lahi, a waiho i nā hua hou e hiki mai ana ma ko lākou mau wāwae.
Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana me nā kaʻe o nā elepani o uka. He wahine wahine, ua hāpai ʻia, mai ka makahiki i hala. ʻOiaʻiʻo, no kēia manawa ke kākau nei lākou i hoʻokahi malama he ʻekahi. ʻAʻohe mea nui a nā elepani kāne me ka hānai keiki.
I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi wahi kūlohelohe a paʻakikī, hānau ka makuahine i hoʻokahi wale nō kūbita. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ka nui o ke kiʻekiʻe mika, a ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i ke kanaha paha kilograms. No hoʻokahi mahina, ua hānai ʻo elepani i ka pēpē me kāna waiū wale.
Aia i waena o nā luna o kēia mau kānaka, ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO kā kāna momona momona he kanalima pakeneka. ʻO ke keiki i ka wā e hānai ai, loaʻa ana ke kaumaha. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka makuahine i kāna keiki.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi nui o ka momona subcutaneous i loko o nā hua a hiki i ke ʻano hou ʻana o ke ola kūʻokoʻa, hiki iā lākou ke ola. I ʻekolu mau makahiki o ka makahiki, haʻalele nā keiki i ka rookery a hele i loko o ka wai ākea.
Ke haʻalele nei ka wahine mai kāna keiki, hoʻomaka ka hānō o ka hakakā ʻana me nā lula ʻole. ʻO kā nā elepani nunui nunui a ʻoi loa e hoʻonohonoho i nā hakakā no ke ola akā no ka make, no ka pono kūpono e lilo ai i sultan no kā lākou harem.
Hū kani leo nā ʻelele o kēlā me kēia, ʻōlou i ko lākou mau lāʻau a kani iā lākou, me ka manaʻo e hoʻoweliweli kēia i ka hoa paio. A laila ikaika nā niho koi. Hoʻohui ka mea lanakila ma nā wahi kokoke iā ia. Loaʻa kekahi he ʻekolu haneri o nā wahine.
A ʻo ka mea ʻala, a ua hōʻeha ʻia, a hele i ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻimi. Loaʻa ia iā ia he mau ʻuhane, ʻaʻohe ona mana no ke kāne male. Maʻalahi ia, akā i ka hakakā like, ʻaʻa pinepine nā keiki liʻiliʻi a make hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia lākou i ke kaua, ua hehi ʻia lākou e nā pākeke.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i kāna mau wāhine, koho ke alakaʻi i kāna makemake, me ka hoʻoweliweli ma ke kau ʻana i kona mākaʻi i mua o kona alo. No laila hōʻike ʻo ia i ka ʻoi aku o kāna mana. A inā ʻaʻole hoʻokipa ʻia ka wahine e hālāwai, ʻaʻole mālama ke kāne i kēia kūlana. Piʻi ʻo ia i kona mau tons āpau ma kona kua. He waiwai ʻole ka pale ʻana ma ʻaneʻi.
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka male ʻana, i ka wā ʻōpio, i ka makahiki o ʻehā makahiki i nā kāne. ʻO nā wahine, mai ka makahiki ʻelua, ua mākaukau no ka moe. No nā makahiki he ʻumi, hiki i nā ʻoni wahine o nā elepana moana ke hānai i nā keiki. A laila ua ʻelemakule lākou. Ua make nā elepona o ke kai ma ka makahiki ʻumikumamālima, iwakālua.
ʻOiai ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka nui, lilo nā ʻīlio elepana i mea make no nā kohola pepehi kanaka. Pau nā keiki ʻōpio. Akā ʻo nā ʻenemi weliweli loa, ma ke kaʻina o nā kenekulia he nui, ʻaʻole e hoʻoweliweli i ke kani ʻana o mākou, he poʻe mākou.
ʻO ka hana noʻonoʻo ʻole a ke kanaka i aneane e hoʻopau i kekahi o nā holoholona koʻikoʻi o nā holoholona - ka silaʻo elephant. Loaʻa iā lākou ko lākou inoa wale nō no ka nui o kā lākou nui (ʻo kēia mau holoholona akā, no ke ulu ʻana o ke aʻa. i kekahi mau manawa e hoʻonui ai i ke kani o ka leo, a hōʻike pū ʻo ia i nā hoahānau pili e pili ana i ka hana manacing a me ka mana o kāna haku.
Akau
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa ka ʻohana kamaiki i kona ʻano. E hana ma ka lā ʻo Pepeluali. He mau hale ʻō ko ia nā wahi, kahi e hele ai nā ʻelele elepani no ka hoʻoulu ʻana a no ka molting. Ua koho ʻia ka ʻāina mākaʻikaʻi (nā kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika) mai Mexico a Kanada me nā ʻāpana pebble a i ʻole nā puʻupuʻu mālie e koho ʻia e nā kaina wai. He haʻahaʻa ma ka nui i kona kaikua hema, ulu nā kāne a hiki i ka 5 mika, ʻo ko lākou kaupaona ma waena o 2,5 ton. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi paka nui a 30 cm, ma kahi kūlana hauʻoli e hoʻonui ʻo ia i 70 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona ʻo nā wahine a hiki i 900 kg, ʻokoʻa ke kino a hiki i ka 3,5 mika.
ʻO nā silahe ʻelele ʻākau i lawe aku i ka moʻo o ka luku. Ma hope o nā hana ikaika e pāpā ai i ka lawaiʻa, ua ulu ko lākou poʻe i kēia lā i 15 mano kanaka. ʻAʻole maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli i koe.
Ohana: ʻIke maoli
Kāhea: Hōʻailona nā elephant
ʻAiʻai a me ka Kaʻi
He mau mamalia nā elepana o ke kai. ʻO kā lākou ʻai e kū ai i ka hā, ka octopus, eels, fish, krill, a i kekahi manawa. ʻO kā Males ka mea make ma lalo, a me nā wahine i loko o ke kai ākea. Hoʻohana ka ʻenehana o ke kai i ka ʻike a me ka lūlū ʻana o kā lākou poʻe manu (vibrissae) e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai. Hiki iā lākou ke lele i nā iʻa, nā mea make maka a me nā kānaka.
Ua hoʻopau kēia mau holoholona i kahi 20% o ko lākou ola ma ka ʻāina a ma kahi o 80% i ke kai. ʻOiai lākou, ua hiki i nā ʻīlele elepani ke hele i mua o ka poʻe ma luna o ka ʻāina. Ke kai, hoʻomohala lākou i ka wikiwiki o 5-10 km / h.
Hiki i nā elepana o ke kai ke holo i lalo i ka hohonu hohonu. ʻOi aku ka manawa o ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai ma mua o ka wahine. Hiki i kahi kāne makua ke noho ma lalo o ka wai no kahi mau hola ʻelua a holo i ka hohonu o kahi o 2 km.
Ke kūlana palekana
Ua kiʻi ʻia nā ʻelele o ke kai no kā lākou ʻai, ka ihu a me ka momona. Ua alakaʻi ʻo Poaching i nā mea kanu a hiki i ke kolo. I ka makahiki 1892, ua manaʻo ka nui o nā poʻe e lilo i ka sila. Akā i ka makahiki 1910, loaʻa wale ke koloka puaʻa kokoke i ke kapakai o ka moku aupuni o Baja Kaleponi ma kahi o Guadalupe. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kānāwai hou i ka hana mālama i ka kai kūlohelohe e pale i kēia mau holoholona. I kēia mau lā, ʻaʻole i pilikia ke kahakaha no nā elephant, ʻoiai inā pilikia lākou i ka hoʻopuni ʻia i nā ʻapo a me ka ʻapo ʻana o ka lawaiʻa, a hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia i ke kīnā ʻole me nā aʻa. Hoʻolaha ʻo IUCN iā lākou he mau holoholona no ka liʻiliʻi o ka manaʻo nui.
- Ua hoʻoholo nā ʻepekema i nā mahana wai wela, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
- Ke kuikahi nei o nā orc i nā mines o Moria i The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is the sound of young elephant seal.
- I ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi hōʻailona elephant kāne i kapa ʻia ʻo Homer i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo New Zealand o Gisborne. Hoʻokele ʻo Homer i nā kaʻa, nā wahi holo moku, nā ʻōpala ʻāpala, nā lāʻau a me kahi mea hoʻololi.
Ua ʻike kekahi kula kula ʻo ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā inoa o nā holoholona he mea weliweli loa: ʻaʻole i pili nā liona moana i nā liona, nā lio moana - i nā lio, a me nā urchins kai - i ka hana o ke kolamu kaulana, nalowale i ka pua. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa nā ʻenehana moana. ʻO nā mea like a lākou me nā elepani, ʻo ko lākou nui paha (ʻo lākou ka nui o nā mōmona moana, ʻaʻole helu ʻana i nā kohola) a he ihu kelepona lōʻihi, he mea hoʻomanaʻo o kahi ʻāpana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā kelepona elepani e noho ana i loko o nā wai o ke Arctic a me Antarctic i waena o ka ʻohana o nā kīlika maoli, ʻo ia kahi o nā kauoha o ka mammona manuahi.He pīhoihoi ia ʻo 20 mau makahiki i hala aku nei i kākau ʻia i loko o nā puke puke biology e pili ana i nā alima a nā elepani, a me nā seaka a me nā walrus a pau, kahi hana hoʻokaʻawale i nā mammals - nā pinnipeds (ʻoiai ua haʻi pinepine nā poʻe ʻepekema i kā lākou kānalua e pili ana i kēia).
Ma muli o ka ʻauhau ʻauhau ʻano pili i nā ʻōhala, he hoʻomaopopo i nā kūpuna āpnipeds he kūpuna maʻamau. Akā ua kūʻiʻo ke kūleʻa o ka paleontology a me nā genetics i ka hiki ʻole ke wehe aʻe i nā pinnipeds i kahi wehe hoʻokaʻawale. Ka mea i huli i loko o nā ʻohana ʻekolu i komo i loko o kēia kauoha, ʻelua - nā ʻīlio pepeiao a me nā walruses - hele mai nā bears kahiko, a ʻo ke kolu - nā sila maoli maoli - mai nā martens. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana i kahi nohona wai i hiki i nā ʻuhane like ʻole o ka honua: ʻo ka mea mua "i hele i loko o ka wai" ma ke kahakai o ka Pākīpika, ka lua - ma ke Kaiʻula. A ua like lāua i like me kēlā me kēia i ke aloha wale nō i nā kūlana ola. No laila nā pili pili maoli o nā kelepona elepani he mau mea kino, nā ʻīlio, nā martens a me nā ferrets.
He nui nā kuleana hou ʻo Manatees a me nā keri i kapa ʻia ʻo nā ʻīlio elepani. He mau hoahele maoli lākou i nā ʻelele. Akā, ka mea hao, ko lākou ʻelele nui loa (ala, i hala i hala aku nei) i kapa ʻia kahi kai, a ʻo Steller, pipi.
Akā e hoʻi ana mākou i kā mākou honi elephant. Kupanaha kēia mau holoholona ʻaʻole no ka nui o kā lākou kiʻi nui loa, akā no ka mea i kapa ʻia ka seksual dimorphism, ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻano ʻokoʻa i waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine. Ma kēia kīhī ʻana, ʻike lākou e kiʻi a ka mea mua i waena o nā momi. No laila ua hōʻea pinepine nā kime elima male i ka lōʻihi o 6.5 m a me ke kaupaona o 3,5 ton, aʻo nā wahine wahine e ulu a hiki i ka 3,5 m a me 900 kg. Inā like ka moekolohe i ka wahine, a laila e hele nā keiki he kanawalukumamāwalu mau wāwae ma ke alanui me kā lākou mau hoaaloha he iwakāluakūmālua e oi aku i ka mita. ʻAʻohe mea kōkua i kōkua ma aneʻi.
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha me kēlā mau ʻokoʻa like, he pūʻulu honi elepana o kahi hui pūpū kāne ikaika. Hāpai nā kāne ikaika mai ka ʻumi (ma ka ʻohana ʻākau) a i nā haneli (ma ka ʻaoʻao hema) i ka wahine ma kā lākou mau mele a me ka mālama pono iā lākou mai ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana i ko lākou mau hoa kaua. Ke hāʻawi nei i kahi wahine ma kahi lima a me ka puʻuwai, ua kau ke kāne ma ke kua ma hope o ke alo a me ka huki iki iā ia i ke kua o ke poʻo. Eia naʻe, inā ʻaʻole i like ka wahine, ʻaʻole i pau ke kāne ma mua o ke kīkā banal. Ke huki nei iā ia me kāna mea make i ka lepo, hana ʻo ia me kāna mea aloha i kāna mea e pono ai, ʻaʻole ʻae aku i kona ʻae ʻana. ʻO nā elepana o ke kai kekahi o nā mākaʻikaʻi o ka aupuni holoholona e hana ana i ka hoʻokūkū home.
Aia no ke "ʻōpala" kahi elepana moana, he mea ʻole ia i ke ʻano kū i waho o ka ʻoni a ka elepani maoli, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia he ʻano hana hana. ʻO ka mau kāne wale nō ka ihu o ka ihu a hoʻohana ʻia no ka huhū wahine a hoʻoweliweli i nā kāne ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea mua, ke hoʻolauna ʻia nei me kahi leo resonator kani: ʻo ka uwē o kahi elephant moana, e like me kona inoa ʻāina, ua lohe ʻia no nā mau hola he nui. ʻO ka lua, i ka wā o ka mare ʻana, ma muli o ke kahe nui o ke koko, ʻāwī ka ihu a ʻulaʻuku i kahi liʻiliʻi, kahi mea, ʻaʻole pīpī, e hoʻowalewale i nā wahine, a i ka manawa like i hōʻike i nā kāne ʻē aʻe o ka haku i loko o ka hale. No laila, i nā hakakā mau ma waena o lākou iho, hoʻoikaika maoli nā kāne e hōʻino i ka ʻōpala o ka ʻenemi, e ʻohi mau ana iā ia iho i nā ʻili.
ʻAʻole i hiki i nā elephants i ke poʻokela i ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū ma nā ʻano haʻuki e like me ke diving. Wahi a nā hōʻike, e holo ana lākou no ka waiwai i ka hohonu a i hoʻokahi hapa a me nā hapaʻumi! ʻO nā mommals hohonu hohonu - a hiki iʻelua mau mile - ke holo wale nei kekahi mau kohola. Aia ka mea huna i ka hiki i nā ʻelele o ke kai ke kāohi i ko lākou kahe koko. Ke kanu nei lākou i ka wai, ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i ka hapa nui o nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻāpana o ke kino i aneane, a komo wale ka oxygen mai ke koko i ka lolo a me ka puʻuwai wale. No laila, hiki i nā ʻīlena elephant ke noho i lalo o ka wai no ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka ihu palaka, e like me ka ʻeneke elepana, he kumu nui - he hōʻailona ia o ke kāne male a me ka ikaika, a ke ʻōhala aku nei i ka "ʻōpio'ōpio" he mea ikaika lākou i mua o lākou.
NA PALAPALA HOOPII. Length: kāne - 4.9 m, wahine - 3 m. Nā māmole o ke kāne - 2,400 kg, wahine - 680 kg.
HOOMAKAOHAI. Puberty: wahine i ka makahiki 3-5 ke kāne, nā kāne ma 9-10 makahiki.Mwela manawa: i Kepakemapa a me ʻOkakopa.
KUMAIUAI. Hōʻailona: hōʻuluʻulu i loko o ke koloni Ka meaʻai: iʻa a me nā cephalopods.Ai ka ola: a hiki i ka 14 makahiki.
Nā ʻĀʻI pili iā TYPES. Aia wale 2 kiʻi o nā hōʻailona o ka elephant: ʻākau a me ka hema. ʻElua mau ʻano o nā ʻīlio elepani, aʻo kekahi o ia e noho ana ma ka Honu Hemolele, a ʻo kekahi aia ma ke Akau. Ma ke kūkulu hema, i loko o ka wai Antarctic, noho nā kime o ka elepani hema, a ma ka ʻākau, i waho o ke kai o Kaleponi a me Mexico, ua noho i kona ʻano ʻākau.
HOOMAKAOHAI.Wahine elemakule kāne eleu e hele i ka ʻāina ma mua o nā wahine e mālama i ko lākou pūnaewele. ʻO nā paio hakakā ma waena o lāua. He mau hoa kūʻē ʻo Males, e hōʻeha pinepine ana i kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ka wahine, ke hele nei i ka ʻāina, e hānau i kahi kūlita i hānau ʻia i hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua.
Mālama ka makuahine iā ia no eha mau pule a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma hope o ka moʻo ʻana o kēlā meʻa. ʻAʻole ke kali no nā ʻōlohelohe i ka manawa lactation e pau, a no laila he mau wāhine nui i kau ʻia ma ka ʻeha ma luna o lākou, ʻoiai e loaʻa ana i nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi. Ma muli o kēia ʻano hana o nā kāne, aneane paha he 10 pakeneka o nā cubs. Ke alo aku nei nā wahine i kekahi pōʻino ʻē aʻe - ke nānā aku nei nā kāne iā lākou i ke kai, ka mea i kipaku ʻia aku i ko lākou wahi ma luna o ka ʻāina e ka poʻe ikaika ikaika.
ʻABʻU HABITS. ʻOhi ʻia nā elepana o ke kai ma ka ʻāina ʻelua i ka makahiki - i ka wā moe a me ka ʻīwī, i ka wā molting. Hoʻokahi haneli o nā elepani i holo i ka hoʻoilo ma kahakai, e ʻele ana i nā momona puʻu. Lawe ʻia aku nā ʻōhua like ʻole, mai kēia manawa ʻaʻole lākou e hana, e hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o kā lākou manawa e moe ai. I ka wā molting, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke komo i ka wai a no laila e pōloli. ʻO nā papale kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili e hele nei me ka lauoho.
KAUA. ʻAi nā ʻelele kai i nā iʻa a me nā cephalopods, i loaʻa ʻia i ke kai. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou i kahakai o Kaleponi, kahi i loaʻa ai ka hohonu o nā holoholona, hōʻike ʻia nā hiki i nā alima a ua hiki ke piʻi i ka hohonu o kahi 1.000 m. Ua hānai lākou i nā holoholona lawaiʻa, octopuses a me nā pika liʻiliʻi. Ua lōʻihi nā lōʻihi o nā elepona o ke kai, ua pale mai nā pelu no nā kenimita ʻehā paha, ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā molika, no laila ke makemake nei lākou i ka ʻai me ke kino palupalu, ʻaʻole pono kahi koi.
NA MANAO O KA AHAHUI. Ua puka mai nā Pinnipeds mai nā holoholona ʻāina a ua kūpono iā ia i ke ola ma ka wai. Haʻalā nui lākou. He lau momona momona lākou, e kōkua ana e mālama i ka mahana mau ʻana i ke kino i ka wai anuanu. I ka wā molting a me ka pākuʻi, lawelawe nā ʻili momona i mea e hoʻowaliwa ai ka ikehu. Ua hoʻohuli ʻē aʻe nā Pinnipeds ma luna o ka ʻāina, akā ua paʻali loa i ka wai. Ke ʻauʻau nei i kaʻauʻau kai, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana me ke ʻano he rudder, a hana nā mua i ka neʻe ʻana. Ma ka ʻāina e hoʻomehana ʻaukiku elephant e ninini nā mua o ka ʻili ma ko lākou kua.
Maopopo anei ... Nui nā ʻīlio wahine nui elele. He mea paʻakikī e hoʻoholo i ko lākou kino kino. I ka autopsy o nā elephant make, ua ʻike ʻia ka paona ʻana o ka ʻili i ka 115 kg, ka momona momona - 660 kg, ka puʻuwai - 42 kg, a me ke poʻo - 52 kg. ʻO kēia ka hoʻololi like loa o nā kāne. E neʻe ana nā ʻelele i ke kai. Ala lōʻihi lele elephant holo aku la ma ke ala ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke Komohana o Komohana, a ua loaʻa i kahi 5,000 mau mile.
Kahiki ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hopohopo i kahi kanaka a ʻaʻole e hoʻāʻo e peʻe i kona ʻike ʻana iā ia. Mālama, nā mea holo, ke noho hewa e ʻiki iā ia me ka makaʻu ʻole e hōʻeha ʻia ka elepani iā lākou.
ʻO ka mea paʻa i ka nui ma waena o nā sila o nā kaila elepani, he kāne kāne i kapa ʻia ʻo Spot, i mālama ʻia ma loko o ka Edinburgh Zoo. Ma ke kaumaha o 3 mau paona, a ʻo kona lōʻihi he 4.47 m.Ua lōʻihi lākou i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻīlio elephant no ka momona. Hiki i nā kāne nui ke loaʻa ma kahi o 350 lita o ka momona.
ANO KĀNUI NOʻOLELO ʻO MARINE ELEPHANES. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka pākeke pālua ka ʻāʻuku peke kapa e waiho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka muzzle, he mea nui ka hana ʻana i ka wahine i ka wā o ka rut. Ke hauʻoli nei ke kāne, hohola ʻia kāna pēke 28 cm. I ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā holoholona, loaʻa ʻo ia i ke kani ke kani.
KA MINA O KAHIKI. Noho ka hōʻailona elephant hema ma Antarctica, a kau ma laila. Noho nā ʻōlapa elephant ʻākau ma nā kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika Hema a pua i Kaleponi.
Mālama. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua aneane pau loa nā hōʻailona o ka lālani
ʻO nā elepana o ke kai he mau maiʻa ʻia mai ka ʻohana o nā hōʻailona paʻa. Hoʻohui like lākou me nā hiku Khokhlach, akā ʻoi nui loa lākou i ko lākou nui. I ke kūlohelohe, aia wale no 2 mau hiʻohiʻona o nā kime elepani: ʻākau a me ka hema.
Ua hōʻoia lākou i ko lākou inoa 100%. Nui loa lākou a ʻaʻole i hiki i nā ʻelele ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kekahi.
Ke ulu nei lākou i ka lōʻihi o 5 mika a kaupaona a hiki i 2.5 tons!
Ua liʻiliʻi iki nā wahine ma mua o ko lākou "kāne". Ma pinepine lākou e ulu aʻoi aʻe ma mua o 3 mika. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nui o nā momona o ka subcutaneous mai nā koena o nā ʻelele o kēia mau sila mea elepani. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻiliʻili iā ia i nā nui astronomical. Hiki i ka momona ke kūkulu i ka 35% o ka nui.
Ua like hoʻi lākou me nā elepani ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻiʻo ma luna o kā lākou ihu. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia kahi wahi piha piha o kahi elepani, akā i ka hoʻohālikelike, pono kēia kikoʻī.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia "mea hana" i kahi mea hoʻopihapiha me nā aʻa weliweli, a he ʻano weliweli ia i ka wā moe.
ʻAʻole loaʻa i nā wahine kekahi ʻano hoʻohālike.
ʻO ka ʻili o kahi elephant moana, e like me ka maikaʻi ʻana o kahi elepani, kahi paʻakikī a mānoanoa. Ua uhi ʻia ʻo ia me ka huluhulu pōkole pokole. He brown a makua nā pākeke. Ka ulu ʻōpala - hina-kala.
Noho nā ʻōlima elepani Hema ma nā kahakai o Patagonia a ma nā mokupuni subantarctic. Ua koho ʻo North ʻAi i nā kahakai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, e laha ana mai Mexico a me Kaleponi a i Canada. Loaʻa ʻike mau ʻia nā ʻīlio elepani. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā rookeries nui ma nā kahakai pebble.
ʻElua mau ʻano o ka rookery. I kekahi mea "kūkulu" lākou i nā maka ma kekahi. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau hale pālala i nā wahi hānai.
A eia kekahi mau rooky no ka pālule. Ma laila, hānau nā wahine i ka hua a hoʻoulu i nā keiki. Akamai loa kēia kūlana noho. Ke lohi nui loa nā ʻelele o ke kai ma ka ʻāina. Ma ko lākou paona, hiki iā lākou ke luku wale i ka ulu ʻōpiopio. No laila, aia nā halemai a me nā kahu makua i loaʻa i kahi haneli mau kilomita mai ke kahakai no ka hānai.
ʻAi ʻia nā elepona kai i nā mollusks. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hoe me ka iʻa liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kēia mau holoholona a mālie a lethargic. Akā! Inā loaʻa kou manawa e ʻike iā lākou me kou mau maka ponoʻī - mai hoʻāʻo i kā lākou ahonui no ka lōʻihi loa!
Hānau ʻia nā Cubs i hoʻokahi makahiki o ka makahiki. Hoʻomaka ka wā hānai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻAukake-Kepakemapa, ke hoʻomaka ka pūnāwai i loko o ka hemisphere kūkulu hema.
Ma ka mua, ua hōʻea nā kāne ʻelemakule ma kahakai. ʻOi ka ulu ʻana o ka ulu liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaka ʻo Males e kaʻana like i ke kahakai, e noho ana i kā lākou ʻāpana o kā lākou ʻāina. No ka mea ke kiaʻi nei lākou i ko lākou "ʻoka" o ke kahakai mai nā kāne ʻē aʻe. Inā pono, komo lākou i ke kaua me kēlā me kēia. Puhi ke kāne i kā lākou proboscis, heau pehea ke kāne a palu kekahi i kēlā me kēia manawa i ke koko a me ka weluwelu koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka mea hiki kaʻu e ʻōlelo aku ai ... He maikaʻi ke aloha.
ʻO ka wahine, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, lilo i kekahi no ka komo ʻana i ka pae o kēia kāne. I ka wā e hele mai ai, a laila pono ʻoe e aloha ia. Ma waho ʻole, ʻo kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo ka hoa paio e alakaʻi iā ia.
Loaʻa kekahi mau kāne i ka hana nui o nā wahine. Hiki i nā wahine 30. Noho ʻo ka wahine hānau a hiki i ka 11 mau mahina. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha loa ʻo ia nō ka hāʻule o ka wā māla ma ka wā hānau.
Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana i kāna hua keiki me ka waiū no hoʻokahi malama hoʻokahi, ua wikiwiki ʻo ia e hānai hou.ʻO nā pēpē, ma ke ala, i ka wā hānau, kaupaona lākou a hiki i 30 kilograms, waiho i ka rookery, a kali i kekahi mau mahina ʻē aʻe a hala nā molt. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai i kekahi mea, akā ke ola wale nō no ka mea, ʻo ka waiū makuahine he mea huapalapala o ke kō a me nā ʻaina, loko o ka palaka kalona. ʻOki ʻia a hoʻoiho ʻia ma ka momona subcutaneous i kēlā me kēia mahina e mālama ai i ka ikaika no kahi 2 mau mahina.
ʻO nā elepana o ke kai ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻenemi ma ke kūlohelohe
Hoʻokomo ʻia o nā ʻelele nui loa o ka ʻoka o nā mammals predatory. ʻAe lākou i ko lākou inoa i ka ihu proboscis o nā kāne a me nā nui. ʻOiai he kūpono o nā elephales kai nā alima maoli, i kā lākou ʻano a me kekahi mau hōʻailona ʻē aʻe he nui aku ka hoʻomanaʻo o nā sila. He ʻelua ʻano like ʻole o kekahi me kekahi - ʻo ke silaʻo elephant komohana e noho ana ma ke kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika Hema, a ʻo ka hōʻailona elima hema e noho ana ma Antarctica.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
Hoʻonui ka ʻilikele o ke kai i ka hapa o ko lākou ola ma lalo o ke kai, ka ʻai ʻana i ka iʻa a me ka iʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke hūnā i kahi hohonu o 140 mau mika, me ka mālama ʻana i ko lākou hanu no nā hola ʻelua. I ka manawa like, e maloʻo ka hana o kā lākou mau mea kūlohelohe, kahi e mālama ai i ka nui o ka oxygen. ʻO nā ʻūhā keʻokeʻo hoʻi lākou nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, e kali ana i nā kikowaʻi nosed i nā papa luna o ka wai.
Lawe ʻia nā elepana o ke kai ma ka hiki ʻana i ke kauwela i mea e hānau ai ka hua a hānau ʻana i nā mea hou. No nā mahina ʻekolu, ʻo nā kolana nui i hoʻopiha i nā ʻāpana kahakai.
Ua koi ʻia nā ʻīlio elele a ʻekolu mau makahiki ʻehā a alakaʻi i ke ola bachelor - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaikuahine ʻewalu makahiki o kā lākou ʻōpio. ʻO ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia ʻano hana kūpono ʻole, i kēlā me kēia manawa a lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i nā wahine ka "mare" i ka hakakā hou.
Nā kuʻemaka a me nā wahi noho
ʻElua mau ʻano o kēia mau ʻike - he mau ʻāpana ʻākau a ma ka hema hema. Loaʻa ka mea mua i nā mokupuni ma ke kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika Hema. He liʻiliʻi lākou ma mua o ko lākou mau hoahānau hema. Ma ke kaupaona ʻo Males he 2,7 tons me ka lōʻihi o ke kino he aneane 5 m. Ua hiki i kā lākou ʻōpala ke 30 cm, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā "southerners".
Ua ʻākoakoa nā kelepona o nā elepani Hema i nā koloni ma nā kahawai nā subantarctic a me nā mokupuni e like me Kerguelen, Macquarie, Hurd, a me South Georgia. Loaʻa nā poʻe pilikino i nā kapakai o Australia, New Zealand a me Antarctica. Hiki i ka paona o nā kāne nui loa a hiki i 3.5 mau tons, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 6.5 m. ʻO nā wahine o ʻelua ʻano ʻelua ʻelua mau manawa ma mua o kā lākou mau hoa.
ʻO ka wehewehe Elephant
ʻO ka ʻike mua loa o nā kaila elepani o nā mokulele moana i lilo i hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki i hala . ^ E Ha yM. Ua loaʻa i nā holoholona ko lākou inoa no ka liʻiliʻi o nā kaʻina liʻiliʻi o ka wahi o ka muzzle, he nui loa e like me ka ʻōpala o kahi elephant. ʻOiai ʻo kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona ʻano ʻē ʻia "ʻaole" wale nō i nā kāne. Analulu nā moʻo o nā wahine me ka ihu neat maʻamau. I ka ihu o lāua ʻelua he vibrissae - hypenensitive antennae.
He hoihoi kēia! ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻopau nā kelima elepani i ka hapalua o ke kau hoʻoilo hoʻoilo. I kēia manawa, kahiki lākou i ka pele, ua hāwele ka ili o ko lākou ʻili me nā manaʻo he nui, a me ka maoli maoli, e nalowale ana i nā papaha. He ʻoluʻolu ia, a ʻaʻole i nā ʻoliʻoli nā mea hou.
He hōʻeha ke kaʻina, e hōʻeha i ka holoholona. Ma mua o ke pau ʻana o nā mea āpau a ua uhi ʻia ke kapa hou i kona kino, nui ka manawa e hele, pio ka holoholona, lawe ʻia ke ʻano hemo a emaciated. Ma hope o ka molting ʻana, hoʻi hou ka mau ʻīlio elepani i ka wai e ʻohi i ka momona a hoʻihoʻi i ke kaila o ka ikaika no ka hālāwai e hiki mai ana me ka wahine ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke ola, ke ʻano
Ma ka ʻāina, ua mālama nui ʻia kēia ʻano waʻa nunui mai i ka ʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, ke awiwi ka elepele o ke kai i ka wai, e lilo ana i mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lawaiʻa maikaʻi, e hoʻomohala ana i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 10-15 kilomita no kēlā me kēia hola. He mau holoholona nui kēia, e alakaʻi ana i ka wai ma kahi o ke ʻano lahilahi. Hoʻokahi wale nō hoʻokahi makahiki i ka ʻohi ʻana i nā kolone no ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka molting.
Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ke ʻano
ʻO nā mea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ma waena o nā kāne wahine kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona weliweli loa o nā kime elephant ʻākau. ʻAʻole wale nā kāne nui a ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi ma mua o nā wahine, akā aia kekahi ʻāpana nui, kahi elepani, pono lākou e hakakā a hōʻike i ko lākou mana i ka ʻenemi. Eia nō hoʻi, ka mea i loaʻa i ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka hōʻailona ʻana o ka hōʻailona eleph male kāne i nā hōʻeha ma ka ʻāʻī, ka umauma a me nā poʻohiwi, loaʻa ma ke ʻano o nā hakakā mau loa no ka alakaʻi i nā wā mālama.
ʻO kahi kāne kāne nui wale kahi ʻāpana nui e like me ka ʻōpala o kahi elepani. He kūpono nō hoʻi no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kahi kuʻemaka kahiko kahiko. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ia ʻano proboscis e hiki ai i ka hōʻailona elephant e hoʻonui i ke kani o ka snorting, grunting a me nā pū kani nui i hiki ke lohe ʻia no kekahi mau kilomita. Hana pū kekahi i ke hana o kahi kānana nāu. I ka wā moe, ʻaʻole haʻalele nā elepani i ka ʻāina, no laila he waiwai nui ka mālama ʻana i ka wai.
ʻO nā wahine wahine kahi kauoha o ka pale kiʻekiʻe i mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka pinepine lākou he kala brownish me nā ʻāpana lahilahi a puni ka ʻāʻī. Koho nā wahi like ʻole mai ka pau ʻole o ke kāne o ka lawehala. ʻO ka nui o nā kāne mai ka 4-5 mika, ʻo nā wahine wahine 2-3 mau mika. ʻO ka paona o kahi pākeke kāne mai 2 a 3 mau tons, ʻaʻole hiki i nā wahine ke hōʻea i hoʻokahi tonona, ke kaupaona nei iā 600-900 kilogram ma ka awelika.
Nā ʻĀpana elepani
ʻElua ʻanoʻokoʻa o nā ʻīlio elepani - ʻākau a ma ka hema. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā elepani hema. ʻAʻole like ka hapanui o nā manu moana ʻē aʻe (e like me nā kohola a me nā kumulāʻau), ʻaʻole he mea piha maoli kēia mau holoholona. Lilo lākou he 20% o ko lākou ola ma ka ʻāina, a me 80% i ke kai. Hoʻokahi hoʻokahi manawa o ka makahiki lākou e ʻuʻuku i ka ʻāina mahele e hana a hana i ka hoʻoulu.
ʻO Habitat, noho
ʻIke ʻia nā kime elepani ʻĀpana ma nā wai o Kanada a me Mekiko, ʻoiai ʻo nā elepani hema e kū kokoke ana i kahakai o New Zealand, South Africa a me Argentina. Hiki i nā kolu o kēia mau holoholona ke neʻe i kahakai i ke ao holoʻokoʻa no ka ʻaihue a i ka hakakā paha no kahi kāne. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia, no ka laʻana, ma kekahi kahakai mai Alaska a Mexico.
ʻAno lawehala
Noho ka ʻeleʻelima Hema i ko lākou mau kai i ka wai anuanu ma ke kahakai o ʻAmelika a me nā mokupuni e kokoke mai ana, hele wale nō i ka wā molting a me ka wā hana.
Ma ke kai, ʻaʻole nui ka maʻa nui a ka poʻe ʻōmaʻomaʻo nei i ka hohonu hohonu, akā hoʻomaha pū a hiamoe hoʻi. Hiamoe lākou ma lalo o ka wai, e paʻa ana ko lākou hanu a hiki i 20 mau minuke. A laila ala lākou, hoka i ka hohonu hohonu a hoʻokaʻawale hou i loko o ka hiamoe. Ma ka ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka hiamoe a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i kahi mau minuke 10.
Paʻa nā elepona o ke kai ma nā stingrays, nā māke, nā iʻa iwi a me nā cephalopods, akā nāwaliwali nā niho. ʻOiai ke lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā fangs i ka lōʻihi o 4 cm, mālama lākou no ka hakakā no nā hanana kuʻuna no ka male ʻana. Ma muli o nā molars i hoʻomohala ʻia, paʻakikī loa ka ʻōpū ʻeke o ke kai e hoʻoinu i ka meaʻai ikaika, no laila ʻo cephalopods ka mea nui a me ka ʻai.
I ka wā o ka hopuʻana, hiki i ka holoholona ke holo i kahi hohonu o 1000 m.
E ʻauheʻe ikaika ana i nā puʻu mua. ʻO ka poʻe pōpoki hope e lawelawe i nā ʻōpala a me ke kōkua i ka mālama manu ʻana i ka pahu wai. Hiki ʻoe i nā mākeke ikaika ke piʻi i loko o ka hohonu hohonu, e paʻa ana i nā ʻili. Eia ka ikaika o kēia muscular ikaika a hiki i ka holoholona ke oki i lalo o ka wai, akā ʻaʻole loa e kaʻaka.
E holo ana ʻo Shedding mai Pepeluali a waena oʻApelila. I kēia manawa, hele nā holoholona i nā holoholona nui i ka ʻāina. Aia lākou ma ka bee hina a iʻa paha i loko o ka lapalapa no nā hebedoma a haʻalele lākou i ka palaka kahiko a me ka epidermis. Ma luna o kā lākou rookery i kēia manawa he kahi weliweli weliweli. Ma hope o ka molting, hele hou aku nā elepani i ke kai no nā mahina 4 e hiki mai aʻe.
Kōʻaiʻai Elephant
Hoʻokomo ʻia i kāna papaʻaina nā poʻe noho o cephalopod o ke kai hohonu. ʻO kēia nā ʻauʻau, nā kopa, nā kūwili, nā lā, nā ʻihi, nā loʻi. Kekahi mau ʻano iʻa, krill, a i kekahi manawa penguins.
Holo wale ʻo Males i ka lalo, aʻo nā wahine hele i ka ʻai ma ke kai ākea.No ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka wahi a me ka nui o ka meaʻai, hiki i nā elepani ke vibrissae, e hoʻoholo ana i ka mea pio ma o ka liʻiliʻi o ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai.
Hoʻoniʻe nā Elephants i ke kai i ka hohonu hohonu. Hiki i ke kai elepani ʻelemakule ke hoʻopau i ʻelua mau hola ma lalo o ka wai, e holo ana i kahi hohonu o ʻelua mau mile . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā mea e hana ai nā elepana o ke kai i ka wā o kēia mau huikaʻi epic, maʻalahi ka pane - ua hānai lākou. Ke ʻoki ʻana i ka ʻōpū o nā elepana o ke kai, ua ʻike ʻia nā nui. ʻO nā maʻamau maʻamau, nā iʻa a i ʻole kekahi mau mea kanu crustacean ma ka papa ʻaina.
Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻia, nui nā ʻīlio ʻĀpana hānai ʻākau e holo aku i North i Alaska e hoʻopiha i kā lākou mau momona momona i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻāina. ʻO ka papaʻaina o kēia mau holoholona e pono i kahi mālamalama hohonu hohonu. Hiki iā lākou ke holo i kahi hohonu o ka 1,500 mau mika, ke waiho nei ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i kahi kahawai keu o 120 mau minuke. ʻOiai ka hapanui o nā ʻaleʻaleʻu ma nā hohonu hohonu he 20 mau minuke wale nō. ʻOi aku ka 80% o ka palahalaha i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻopau ai i ka ʻai ma ke kai, i mea e lako ai iā lākou iho me ka ikehu no ka wā hoʻoulu a me ka molting, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai nā mea hānai.
ʻAʻole kahi kumu momona o ka momona wale nō ka hana hoʻopihapiha e hiki ai i ka holoholona ke manaʻo nui i ka hohonu hohonu. Loaʻa i nā elepona o ke kai nā sinuses kūikawā i loaʻa i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke mālama i ke koko hoʻoweliweli hou. Hāʻawi kēia iā ʻoe e kiʻalo a hoʻopaʻa i ka lewa no kahi manawa he mau hola. Hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka oxygen i nā kalamo me ka myoglobin.
Pahu a keiki
ʻO nā holoholona ʻewahewa ka holoholona. ʻAkoakoa wale nō lākou i ka manawa o ka hoʻolilo a me ka hana ʻana, ma ka ʻāina. I kēlā manawa kēia hoʻoilo ua hoʻi lākou i nā kolone i kā nā iwi ʻē. Hiki i nā wahine Elephant ke kamaliʻi ma ka wā 3 a hiki i ka 6 makahiki, a ʻo nā kāne ma ka makahiki 5 a 6 paha. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia he manaʻo ke komo i ke kāne ua hiki i kēia makahiki ke komo i ka pua. No kēia mea, ʻaʻole ia i ʻike ʻia ka ikaika nui, no ka mea, e kaua ʻoe no ka wahine. Ma ka hiki wale ʻana i 9-12 mau makahiki, e loaʻa iā ia ka nui a me ka ikaika e hiki ai ke hoʻokūkū. Aia wale nō i kēia makahiki ke hiki i ke kāne ke loaʻa i ke kūlana ʻo Alfa, e hāʻawi ana i ke kuleana e "loaʻa ka harem".
He hoihoi kēia! Hakakā nā Males i kekahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaumaha a me nā niho. ʻOiai ʻo ka make ʻana o ka hakakā e hele pinepine ʻole ai - ʻo nā makana like ʻole i ke ʻano o nā kīʻaha he maʻamau. ʻO ka harem o hoʻokahi kāne kāne mai 30 a 100 wahine.
Hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā kāne ʻē aʻe ma waho o ka kolone, i kekahi manawa e moe ana me nā wahine o ke ʻano "maikaʻi" ma mua o ka male kāne i hoʻolei aku iā lākou. ʻO nā kāne, ʻoiai ke kaʻi ʻana o nā “wahine” i paʻa, e hoʻomau mau ana ma ka ʻāina no ka manawa holoʻokoʻa, e pale ana i nā ʻāina i noho i loko o ka hakakā. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, i ka wā o kēia hakakā, ua hōʻeha ʻia nā wahine a make wale nā keiki i hānau ʻia ma mua. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma ke ʻano o ke kaua, nā holoholona he ʻeono mau a piʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o kona ulu a hāʻule me ka ikaika nui i ka ʻenemi, ua luku loa i nā mea āpau a kona ala.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻōpiopio kaukani o ka hōʻeuʻeu o ka elephant hōʻailona ma ka lā Dekemaba. I kēia manawa, ʻōlohelohe nā kāne nui i kahakai. E lūlū koke ka nui o nā wahine hāpai i nā kāne e komo i loko o nā ʻāpana nui, e like me nā harems. Hoʻokahi pūʻulu kāne nona nā hui wahine. ʻOi loa ka hoʻokūkū no ka hoʻokūkū. Hoʻokū ʻo Males i ka mana ma o ke ʻano, nā kūloko, nā ʻano kī a me nā ʻōpū, hoʻonui i kā lākou puʻupuʻu me kā lākou iho. Hoʻopau nā hakakā Spectacular me nā hōʻeha a me nā hōʻeha āpau i waiho ʻia e nā pale o ka hoa paio.
2-5 mau lā ma hope o ka ʻāina, ua hānau ʻo ia i pēpē. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka ʻelele ʻōlima keiki pēpē, no kekahi manawa makemake nui ka makuahine iā ia me ka waiū. ʻO ka meaʻai, nā mea i huna ʻia e ke kino o ka wahine, hoʻokumu ʻia ma kahi o 12% o nā momona.Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, ua hoʻonui ʻia kēia helu ma mua o 50%, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻano like o nā ʻano wai like. No ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka hapahele o nā momona i ka waiū bipi wale nō 3,5%. Hoʻohana ka wahine i kāna mau keiki i kēia ala no 27 mau lā. Akā, ʻaʻole ia i ʻai i kekahi mea, akā ke hilinaʻi wale nei ia i kāna mālama momona. ʻO ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka hele ʻana i ka ʻōpio a hoʻopaʻa akula i ko lākou huakaʻi ponoʻī, hele hou nā kāne wahine me ke kāne aliʻi a hoʻi akula i ka moana.
I nā makahiki eʻe aʻe i ʻeono paha eono, e hoʻoikaika ikaika nā keiki i ka ʻauʻau a me ka diving, ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kahakai kahi i hānau ʻia ai lākou e hoʻopau i ʻeono mau mahina ma ke kai. ʻOiai ke kaila momona, ke ʻae nei iā lākou e ʻole ai i ka ai no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoi loa ka nui o ka make o nā pēpē i kēia manawa. Ma kahi o ʻeono mau mahina ma hope o ka hele ʻana lākou ma ke laina maikaʻi, ʻoiai, i kēlā manawa e like me 30% o lākou e make
ʻAʻole ka hapa iki ma mua o ka hapalua o nā wahine hānai i hānau i kahi pēpē. Noho ka wahine o ka wahine ma kahi o 11 mau mahina, ma hope o ka hānau ʻia he līpū mai hoʻokahi cub. No laila, hōʻea nā wahine i ka wahi no ka hoʻoulu "i ka wā demolitions", ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana o ka makahiki i hala. A laila hānau lākou a hoʻomaka hou e hana. ʻAʻole nā makuahine i ʻai no ka malama holoʻokoʻa e pono ai e hānai i ka pēpē.
Nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe
Hoʻokomo loa nā pēpē lālani elepani. ʻO ke hopena, ʻokoʻa pinepine lākou e ʻai ʻia e nā mea ʻē aʻe, penei. Eia nō kekahi, hiki i ka hapa nui o nā cubs ke make ma muli o nā kāne he nui e hakakā nei no ke alakaʻi.
ʻOa ʻohana: Nā Kiʻi Mau
Genosa: nā elepana o ke kai
Nā Kuhi: Mīlima elephant hōʻailona
ʻO ke kelepona kūlima hema (Mirounga leonina) he holoholona o ka ʻohana Real Seals (Phocidae).
ʻO ka hōʻailona elephph hema o ka carnivore nui loa o kā mākou honua. Malona o ka silaina elima hema ke kaupaona nei he 2,2 tone ka nui. a hiki i 4t. a hiki ke hiki i 5.8 mika ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka mea nui loa i waena o nā silahe o ka elepani hema, ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 6.85 mika a kaupaona a ma kahi o 5 mau tonona.
Hiki i nā kime elepani Hema ke noho ma lalo o ka wai no ka iwakālua mau minuke.
ʻO ka ʻikepili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka noho ʻana ma lalo o ka wai ma kahi o ʻelua hola. ʻO ka hohonu o ka hohonu e hiki ai i nā silahe elima hema ke ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 1,400 mika.
ʻO nā ʻōpū o ke kai he lōʻihi kau ihu lōʻihi, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i kahi ʻōpala, no laila ua kapa ʻia lākou.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ke ola, ʻoi aku ma mua o 80 pakeneka, ua holo ka elepani i ke kai
Noho nā kime elepani hema ma ke kahakai o Antartika a me nā mokupuni subarctic. Ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o kahi kanaka ma Antarctica, ua noho aku nā ʻīlio elepani ma mua ma mua o kēia wā. Noho ka nui o nā kānaka ma ka mokupuni o South Georgia ma ke Komohana Hema ʻAkelika. Eia nō kekahi, ʻo ke silaʻo elephant hōʻailona e kū nei ma nā mokupuni o Kerguelen, Hurd, Macquarie a me ka Valdez Peninsula ma ʻAmelika.
Aia ka ʻāina kūlima hema i ka ʻāina, e waiho ana ma ke kapakai ma nā kahakai kahakai a i nā pali liʻiliʻi paha. Aia lākou ma ka ʻāina wale nō i ka wā hoʻoulu a me ka wā molting, e mau ana iā 3-5 wiki ma ka puna. ʻO ke koena o ka makahiki ke hoʻopau wale ia ma ke kai.
ʻAʻole nānā ka Dimorphism i ka nui. Loaʻa i nā kāne ka nui o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā vocalizations, i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻāla i nā kāne ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka silaʻo elepani hema ma ka liʻiliʻi o ko lākou mau hoahānau ʻākau, e kau ana wale ma 10 cm ma luna o ka waha, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 30 cm mai ka silahe ʻākau ʻākau.
Ua hele nā elepani hema hema i ka rookery i hoʻokahi mau hebedoma ma mua o ka wahine a, ma o nā vocalizations, kūlana o ke kino, a me ka hakakā ʻana e noho ana i kekahi wahi. ʻO nā ʻāina a maikaʻi loa a hele i nā kāne a ʻoi loa a ikaika loa. Ua lilo kēia mau kāne alpha i poʻo poʻo o ka harem, a me kahi hiki ʻana mai o ka wahine hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ma kahi o 60 mau wahine. Inā he nui nā wahine i ka harem, a laila hele nā wahine i nā kāne beta. Pono ke kanaka e noho ma kāna pāna, mālama iā ia, no laila hele ʻo ia me ka ʻai ʻole i ka manawa lōʻihi.ʻO ka hemahema o ka meaʻai a me nā hālāwai huhū nui me nā kāne kāne, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana me ka nui o nā wahine i alakaʻi i ke kino o ke kino kāne. ʻO nā kāne wale nō i ke ʻano kino kūpono hiki ke pale aku i ko lākou ʻāina no kēia manawa lōʻihi.
Inā ʻaʻole hoʻonāukiuki kēia i ka mea noi, a laila hakakā ke kaua.
I ka makana, ʻo ka mea lanakila ke lawe i ka ʻāina.
ʻO ka hana hōʻemi e pili ana i ka nalowale o nā hulu āpau e ulu ana ma kahi o 3 a 5 mau pule. Hoʻopili ʻia i ka manawa i hoʻolilo ʻia ma ka ʻāina no ka hoʻoulu a me ka molting, ke ola o ke kai nui o ka elepani hema i ka wai o nā kahawai hema. I ka wai, ʻike pinepine ʻole nā elepani i kēlā me kēia a no laila, ʻaʻohe pono e kamaʻilio.
Noho ka moana, hiki i ka silaʻo elepani hema ke noho ma lalo o ka wai i ʻelua mau hola, akā he mau hapa ka nui o nā hapa he 30 mau minuke. Pīhoihoi, ma waena o ka wai i loko o ka wai o ka wai e kau iā 2 a 3 minuke. E iho i ka hohonu o 300 - 800 m.
Elephant ʻehā a me ke kāne
I ka wā ma mua, ua ʻimi ʻia nā elepani hema no ka ʻai, ka ʻili, a me ka momona. Hana ʻia kēia hana a mālama ʻia kēia holoholona a mālama ʻia kāna hana ma nā wahi ʻona.
ʻO ka ihu palaka, e like me ka ʻeneke elepana, he kumu nui - he hōʻailona ia o ke kāne male a me ka ikaika, a ke ʻōhala aku nei i ka "ʻōpio'ōpio" he mea ikaika lākou i mua o lākou.
NA PALAPALA HOOPII. Length: kāne - 4.9 m, wahine - 3 m. Nā māmole o ke kāne - 2,400 kg, wahine - 680 kg.
HOOMAKAOHAI. Puberty: wahine i ka makahiki 3-5 ke kāne, nā kāne ma 9-10 makahiki.Mwela manawa: i Kepakemapa a me ʻOkakopa.
KUMAIUAI. Hōʻailona: hōʻuluʻulu i loko o ke koloni Ka meaʻai: iʻa a me nā cephalopods.Ai ka ola: a hiki i ka 14 makahiki.
Nā ʻĀʻI pili iā TYPES. Aia wale 2 kiʻi o nā hōʻailona o ka elephant: ʻākau a me ka hema. ʻElua mau ʻano o nā ʻīlio elepani, aʻo kekahi o ia e noho ana ma ka Honu Hemolele, a ʻo kekahi aia ma ke Akau. Ma ke kūkulu hema, i loko o ka wai Antarctic, noho nā kime o ka elepani hema, a ma ka ʻākau, i waho o ke kai o Kaleponi a me Mexico, ua noho i kona ʻano ʻākau.
HOOMAKAOHAI.Wahine elemakule kāne eleu e hele i ka ʻāina ma mua o nā wahine e mālama i ko lākou pūnaewele. ʻO nā paio hakakā ma waena o lāua. He mau hoa kūʻē ʻo Males, e hōʻeha pinepine ana i kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ka wahine, ke hele nei i ka ʻāina, e hānau i kahi kūlita i hānau ʻia i hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua.
Mālama ka makuahine iā ia no eha mau pule a ʻoi aku hoʻi ma hope o ka moʻo ʻana o kēlā meʻa. ʻAʻole ke kali no nā ʻōlohelohe i ka manawa lactation e pau, a no laila he mau wāhine nui i kau ʻia ma ka ʻeha ma luna o lākou, ʻoiai e loaʻa ana i nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi. Ma muli o kēia ʻano hana o nā kāne, aneane paha he 10 pakeneka o nā cubs. Ke alo aku nei nā wahine i kekahi pōʻino ʻē aʻe - ke nānā aku nei nā kāne iā lākou i ke kai, ka mea i kipaku ʻia aku i ko lākou wahi ma luna o ka ʻāina e ka poʻe ikaika ikaika.
ʻABʻU HABITS. ʻOhi ʻia nā elepana o ke kai ma ka ʻāina ʻelua i ka makahiki - i ka wā moe a me ka ʻīwī, i ka wā molting. Hoʻokahi haneli o nā elepani i holo i ka hoʻoilo ma kahakai, e ʻele ana i nā momona puʻu. Lawe ʻia aku nā ʻōhua like ʻole, mai kēia manawa ʻaʻole lākou e hana, e hoʻolilo i ka hapa nui o kā lākou manawa e moe ai. I ka wā molting, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke komo i ka wai a no laila e pōloli. ʻO nā papale kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili e hele nei me ka lauoho.
KAUA. ʻAi nā ʻelele kai i nā iʻa a me nā cephalopods, i loaʻa ʻia i ke kai. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou i kahakai o Kaleponi, kahi i loaʻa ai ka hohonu o nā holoholona, hōʻike ʻia nā hiki i nā alima a ua hiki ke piʻi i ka hohonu o kahi 1.000 m. Ua hānai lākou i nā holoholona lawaiʻa, octopuses a me nā pika liʻiliʻi. Ua lōʻihi nā lōʻihi o nā elepona o ke kai, ua pale mai nā pelu no nā kenimita ʻehā paha, ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā molika, no laila ke makemake nei lākou i ka ʻai me ke kino palupalu, ʻaʻole pono kahi koi.
NA MANAO O KA AHAHUI. Ua puka mai nā Pinnipeds mai nā holoholona ʻāina a ua kūpono iā ia i ke ola ma ka wai. Haʻalā nui lākou.He lau momona momona lākou, e kōkua ana e mālama i ka mahana mau ʻana i ke kino i ka wai anuanu. I ka wā molting a me ka pākuʻi, lawelawe nā ʻili momona i mea e hoʻowaliwa ai ka ikehu. Ua hoʻohuli ʻē aʻe nā Pinnipeds ma luna o ka ʻāina, akā ua paʻali loa i ka wai. Ke ʻauʻau nei i kaʻauʻau kai, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana me ke ʻano he rudder, a hana nā mua i ka neʻe ʻana. Ma ka ʻāina e hoʻomehana ʻaukiku elephant e ninini nā mua o ka ʻili ma ko lākou kua.
Maopopo anei ... Nui nā ʻīlio wahine nui elele. He mea paʻakikī e hoʻoholo i ko lākou kino kino. I ka autopsy o nā elephant make, ua ʻike ʻia ka paona ʻana o ka ʻili i ka 115 kg, ka momona momona - 660 kg, ka puʻuwai - 42 kg, a me ke poʻo - 52 kg. ʻO kēia ka hoʻololi like loa o nā kāne. E neʻe ana nā ʻelele i ke kai. Ala lōʻihi lele elephant holo aku la ma ke ala ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke Komohana o Komohana, a ua loaʻa i kahi 5,000 mau mile.
Kahiki ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hopohopo i kahi kanaka a ʻaʻole e hoʻāʻo e peʻe i kona ʻike ʻana iā ia. Mālama, nā mea holo, ke noho hewa e ʻiki iā ia me ka makaʻu ʻole e hōʻeha ʻia ka elepani iā lākou.
ʻO ka mea paʻa i ka nui ma waena o nā sila o nā kaila elepani, he kāne kāne i kapa ʻia ʻo Spot, i mālama ʻia ma loko o ka Edinburgh Zoo. Ma ke kaumaha ana 3 mau paona, a ʻo kona lōʻihi he 4.47 m. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua ʻimi ʻia nā kelima elima no ka momona. Hiki i nā kāne nui ke loaʻa ma kahi o 350 lita o ka momona.
ANO KĀNUI NOʻOLELO ʻO MARINE ELEPHANES. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka pākeke pālua ka ʻāʻuku peke kapa e waiho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka muzzle, he mea nui ka hana ʻana i ka wahine i ka wā o ka rut. Ke hauʻoli nei ke kāne, hohola ʻia kāna pēke 28 cm. I ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā holoholona, loaʻa ʻo ia i ke kani ke kani.
KA MINA O KAHIKI. Noho ka hōʻailona elephant hema ma Antarctica, a kau ma laila. Noho nā ʻōlapa elephant ʻākau ma nā kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika Hema a pua i Kaleponi.
Mālama. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua aneane pau loa nā hōʻailona o ka lālani
ʻO ka hōʻailona elephant ka pinniped nui loa. ʻElua mau ʻano o nā hōʻailona o ka elephant - ʻo ka hōʻailona ʻoni ʻoni ʻĀkau e noho nei ma ke kahakai komohana o ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, a me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni hema hema e noho ana i Antarctica.
Ua loaʻa i nā elepana o ke kai ko lākou inoa no ka mea no ka nui o ko lākou kupanaha a me ka ihu proboscis, ʻo ia wale nō nā kāne kāne o kēia mau holoholona.
"ʻAʻohe" hele ʻole "i nā wahine a ʻōpio kāne ʻōpio o nā kelima elepani. Kūleʻa ka ihu o nā kāne a i o ka makahiki ʻewalu wale nō ke ola e loaʻa iā ia ka nui loa. Hoʻokū ʻia kahi ʻāpana nui o nā kāne i lalo o nā ʻalu o ka waha.
Elephant a me ke kāne
I ka wā moe, lilo nā ʻīlio elepani kāne i ka ulu a me ka hakakā ma waena o lākou. I ka wā o kēia mau hakakā, hiki i ke kāne ke ʻoki i ka ihu o ka ʻenemi i nā ʻuʻuku.
ʻOkoʻa loa ka nui o nā kāne a me nā wahine i nā ʻīlio elepani. Hiki i ke kāne ke lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi o 6 a me ka hapa mika, nā wahine i 3 a me ka hapa.
Hoʻopaʻa nui ʻia nā elepala o ke kai i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola, e like me nā pōpoki. Ke hele wale nei ka manawa e hoʻopaʻa ai nā ʻīlio elepani i ka nui o nā kau. I ka manawa like, aia ma kahi o nā wahine he ʻumi ma kēlā me kēia kāne, i kekahi manawa ke hōʻea ka iwakālua i ka iwakālua.
Aia nā hakakā ma waena o nā ʻīlio elepani male male i ka harem. Holo ʻia nā kime ʻōlapa ʻōpiopio i nā kihi o ka kolone, kahi i liʻiliʻi loa ai ko lākou avanoa. Akā alakaʻi ʻia e ka leʻaleʻa, hoʻāʻo pinepine lākou e kiʻi i ke kikowaena o ke kolana, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā kaua ʻino.
I ka hana ʻana o nā koloni, he nui nā ʻōpiopio elepana i make ma lalo o ke kaumaha o nā kāne nui. I ka mea maoli, nui ka make o nā pēpē i loko o kēia mau kolana.
ʻO nā hakakā mau ka kumu o ke ola ʻana o nā ʻīlio kāne aikī ke ola ʻehā mau makahiki ma mua o ka wahine. Hiki i ke kāne ke noho no 14 mau makahiki.
Kuhi ʻia ka meaʻai o nā elepana ma luna o ka iʻa a me nā cephalopods.No ka mea lanakila, hiki iā lākou ke lele i nā hohonu hohonu, a hiki i 1400 mika. Loaʻa i nā Elephant kēia mana no ka nui o ke koko i kahi e mālama ai lākou i ka oxygen.
ʻO ka pōʻino i nā ʻīlima elepani e hōʻike ʻia e nā kohola pepehi kanaka a me nā ʻokeʻi keʻokeʻo, ka mea e ʻimi nei i nā papa kiʻekiʻe o ka wai.
E nānā i ʻelua mau ʻōmaʻina o nā elephant.
Hōʻailona nā elepani Hema
ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi elephant moana hiki i 5 mika a kaupaona a hiki i 2,5 ton. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine - a hiki wale i 3 mau mika, me ke kaumaha no ka emi mai ka ton. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kaila ʻelima hema mai nā ʻano ʻēʻa ʻē aʻe e ka nui o ka momona subcutaneous - ʻoi aku ma mua o 35%. Hoʻohana ʻia ka outgrowth ma ka ihu he ʻano mea i ka wā o ka wā moe. ʻO kaʻili a me ka mānoanoa ka ʻili o ka holoholona, uhi ʻia me ka hulu ʻili. ʻO ka ulu liʻiliʻi he kala kala-kala, pāmaʻomaʻo nā mea pākeke.
ʻO kahi kahi o kēia mau ʻāpana ʻāina ʻo ia ka mokupuni a me ka ʻaoʻao o Patagonia. Nā ʻAiwi loaʻa ʻole wale nō ʻO kā lākou punahele punahele he hoʻopiha nui i nā rookeries ma nā kahakai pebble.
- ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hōʻailona elephant hema ma mua o kona hoalauna ʻākau - hiki i kekahi mau kanaka ke hōʻea i 4 tons.
- Hiki iā lākou ke noho i ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi - ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau minuke. Ka palapala kākau i ʻimi ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi holoholona ma lalo o ka wai me ka haki ʻole ʻo 2 mau hola.
- ʻO ka hohonu o ka hohonu e kau ai ka holoholona, aneane 1.5 mau mile.
- Ka hoʻolimalima nui i ko lākou ola i ke kai. Hele lākou i ka ʻāina i ka wā hoʻoulu a me ka molting, no 3-5 wiki i hoʻokahi makahiki.
Hiki ke wehe ʻia ka wahine a me nā kāne ma mua o ka loaʻa o kahi ʻōpala a me ke kaumaha . ^ E Ha yM. I ka manawa like, ʻike lākou i nā mea maʻamau: nā kīkī mua pōkole, kahi ʻano kino like like, kaha hope hope. Hoʻopaʻo pinepine ʻia i ka ʻāʻī o nā holoholona i nā ʻeha e loaʻa ai i nā kaua hakakā.
ʻAuhea e noho ai nā silahe elele.
Noho nā ʻōlima o ke kai ma ka ʻalani hemolele o ka honua, makemake i nā ʻalima clantaratic subantarctic, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau momi ma nā ʻona Arctic. ʻO nā wahi kaulana no nā ʻāpana ʻoniʻoni elephant heard a me nā mokupuni ʻo MacDonald, South Georgia, Prince Edward, Crozet, ʻo Kerlegen Archipelago, me kekahi mau peninsulas a me nā mokupuni o Antartika Zapannaya.
He aha ke ʻano kūʻokoʻa o kahi elephant moana?
- ʻO ka silaʻu elepani ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nui ma ka honua. ʻO ka papa ʻai ʻana o nā squid, i kekahi manawa i ka iʻa a me ka krill.
- Hoʻopili ʻia i ka wai a hiki i 300 lā i ka makahiki. ʻO nā mau hebedoma 2-3 e koe nei, loaʻa nā kekona elepani i kahi rookery ma nā kahakai kokoke i ke kapakai no ka hoʻohala a me ka hoʻoulu.
- I ka wa o ko lākou noho ʻana i ka wai, ua uhi nā haki elepani i kahi mamao a hiki i 13 tausani mau kilomita, e hana ana i nā dives i kēlā me kēia lā i ka wai a hiki i 700 mita, akā aia nō nā hihia o ka make i nā mita o 2000.
- ʻO ka noho ʻana ma lalo o ka wai o kahi hōʻailona o ka elephant ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia - ʻo 120 mau minuke ia.
- Kuwī ʻia ke koko o nā elepana o ke kai me ka oxygen, hiki iā lākou ke hana i kēlā mau ʻano mamao a me nā aʻa. ʻAe, a ʻo ke koko ponoʻī ka hapalima o ka nui o ke kino momi o ka momi (ʻo 2-3 kēia mau manawa ma mua o ke kanaka).
- ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kāne hiki ke loli mai ka 4 a 6 paha mika, ko lākou kino kino - 3-5 tons. A ʻo ka lōʻihi loa o ke kino o ka wahine ma kahi liʻiliʻi - mai 2,5 a 3 mau mika, ka nui o ke kino - a hiki i ka 1 ton.
- Ke kapa ʻia nā ʻīlio ʻōlima pēpē. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino ma ka hānau hiki ke 125 cm, a paona a hiki i 50 kg.
- ʻO ka nui o nā kelima elepani a puni ka honua he 800 tausani kānaka, ʻo ka hapa nui ia e noho nei ma ka mokupuni o South Georgia.
- ʻO ka hui o ke kaʻina hana o kēia mau mommals ua like ia me kahi harem. ʻO ke kāne ikaika ka hakakā mau no ko lākou pono e lilo i "haku harem" me nā kāne ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokolu wale nō ʻekolu o nā kāne e loaʻa i nā wahine.
- Ke neʻe nei paha nā ʻelele o ke kai ma uka no ka loaʻa ʻana o ko lākou kaumaha kaumaha. Ke neʻe nei lākou, hoʻohana lākou i nā paleke mua, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o ke kaumaha e hoʻi i ka kua o ka holoholona. I ka wai, ma ke ʻano ke ʻano, he lei like lākou a he lokomaikaʻi nō.
- ʻO ka awelika ola o nā kāne he 18-20 mau makahiki, a ʻo nā wahine - 12-14 mau makahiki.
Ke kaʻina hana o ka moe ʻana a i ʻole ke kuahi ʻia o nā silahe elele
I ka wā ʻauʻau kai, ke noho wale nā ʻīlio elepani a noho wale nō he 2-3 mau mahina kauwela ma ka ʻāina, ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i nā hui nui no ka ʻoliʻoli a me ka hana hou. ʻO ka nui o ia ʻano hui e hiki i 400 tausani kanaka . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o kēia mau momm ma ka ʻāina. Ua mākaukau nā wahine no ka hānau keiki a me ka hāpai ʻana i nā makahiki he 2-3 mau makahiki, ʻoi aku nā kāne i ka moekolohe ma hope o: i 4-7 mau makahiki.
Ke komo nei i ka ʻāina, ʻākoakoa nā kāne aikau wahine ma kahi ʻōpala a hana i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo harem, kahi wale nō i komo nā kāne i koho ʻia. ʻO nā kāne a pau e makemake ana e komo i ka ʻohana o nā wahine, pono ʻo ia e pale i kona kuleana e hoʻohuli. Hōʻā ke kāne kiʻekiʻe a hoʻomaka ʻo lākou i nā kaua ma waena o lākou. ʻO kekahi mau kaua i kekahi manawa he ikaika a paʻa i ka manaʻo o kekahi kāne i kipaku aku i kahi kāne ʻē aʻe mai kāna wahi. ʻO ka hana koʻikoʻi ma kēia hakakā ua pāʻani ʻia e ka nui, ke kaupaona a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka makahiki o ka mau momi.
Ma hope o ka lanakila, hele aku ke kāne i ka wahine a loaʻa ka manawa kūpono e male pū me lāua. Nā hapakolu wale nō o nā kāne a pau i hiki ke hāʻawi i kēia hanohano. Hiki i hoʻokahi kāne ke mare me ka nui o nā wahine: mai 20 a 300 mau kanaka, i kekahi manawa a hiki i ka hoʻokahi wahine.
I ka awelika, 2-3 mau mahina ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana i ka ʻāina, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻōpio wahine. Aia ka līlī a ʻōlapa i ʻekolu mau hebedoma hemo. ʻO ka hulu ʻeleʻele i uhi i ko lākou kino liʻiliʻi e loli i ka ʻulaʻula hina.
ʻOiai e hānai ana i nā pīpī me ka waiū, ʻaʻole e haʻalele ka wahine iā lākou, a hiki i ka hopu ʻana i ka meaʻai. Hiki i nā pēpē hānai a hiki i 4 wiki.
I nā makahiki he 19, ua kau nā elepani pili elepani
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka kenekulia 19 ua loaʻa kahi mākaʻikaʻi e pili ana i nā elepana o ke kai, ʻo ia ka mea e ʻimi hoʻoku a nā momona momona i loaʻa i ko lākou mau kino. ʻO ka nui o nā kāne kāne nui i luku ʻia i kēlā manawa, ma muli o ka nui o ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē.
ʻO ka luku ʻana i nā ʻelele moana i kahi ala kūpono ʻole. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā holoholona me ka ihe ma kahakai, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia lākou e piʻi i ka wai, a puhi ʻia hoʻi nā kukui i loko o ka waha. A ʻo kēia mau mea a pau no ka nui o ka momona subcutaneous, aia i nā ʻenika moana hiki i ka mānoanoa o 15 cm.
Akā mai ka makahiki 1964, ua hana ʻia ka pāpā i ka hopu ʻana i nā silahe elele. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka International Convention no ka mālama ʻana i nā Seʻa Antartika, ka mea e pale ai i nā kuleana o nā ʻīlio a elephant a me nā pinnipeds ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻaiho
Hoʻolālā nā elepani Hema i kā lākou rookeries ma ka Falkland, South Orkney a me nā South Shetland Islands. Aloha nō hoʻi lākou iā South Georgia, ʻo Hurd a me Kerguelen Islands. ʻO ka mokupuni ʻo Macquarie ma ka Pakipika e kū pono ana i kā lākou wahi i makemake nui ʻia. Ma nā kahakai i uhi ʻia i nā pebbles a me ke one, hoʻopau nā holoholona i ʻeono mahina. Hāpai a 10 tausani mau mea hōʻuluʻulu i kahi ma kahi hoʻokahi, e hana ana i nā nui rookeries.
Eia ua male lākou, hanau ka cubs a me nā molt. Ma hope o ka molting, holo aku lākou i ka moana ākea, kahi e noho ai lākou no nā lā he nui me ka ʻike ʻole i ka ʻāina. ʻO kahi hōʻailona elepana hema he lawai maikaʻi loa, hiki iā ia ke lanakila i nā kai hohonu. Hiki iā ia ke ʻauʻau i ka 4 a me 5 tausani mau mile i hoʻopau i ka ʻāpana hau o ka Antartika a i ʻole ke kahakai ʻo ʻApelika Hema a me Aotearoa. Hoʻopau kēia holoholona i kahi hohonu o 500 mika, ma lalo o ka wai hiki iā 40 mau minuke.
Kanikau
ʻAi ʻia ka elepona hema ma ka iʻa, cephalopods a me nā mollusks. Hōʻino ʻo ia i nā pōpoki pepehi kānaka. Hōʻalo kēia mau mea ʻōpiopio nui iā ia ma kahakai a me nā wai ākea. Akā ʻaʻole makemake lākou e neʻe hou aku ma mua o 800 km mai ke kahakai, kahi hōʻailona paʻa, ua lanakila loa ma kēia mamao, paʻa loa. Hoʻokahi ʻia nā ʻelele i nā leopalona moana.
ʻO kekahi ʻenemi kekahi kanaka. I nā makahiki i hala, ua luku ʻole ʻo ia i nā holoholona hala ʻole no ko lākou momona. Mai kahi mea i make i nā ʻīlima elepani i loaʻa ma kahi o 500 kg o ka huahana waiwai. I kēia manawa ke pāpā ʻia nei ka lawaiʻa ʻana o kēia mau holoholona. E pili ana i kēia mea, ua hoʻonui ʻia ko lākou helu.ʻO ka nui o nā hōʻailona o ka hema o ka lālani ma kēia lā he 750 tausani poʻo. Ma kahi o 250 tausani mau holoholona e noho ma ka mokupuni o South Georgia, ka helu hoʻokahi ma ka mokupuni o Kerguelen. ʻO kēia nā rookeries nui loa o nā ʻīlio nui a lākou e kaʻana mai me nā penguins.
Wikiō
ʻO nā elepana o ke kai ka mea pinnipeds mai ka ʻohana o nā hōʻailona paʻa. I kā lākou detachment, ʻo kēia mau holoholona ka mea nui a nui loa i ka nui o nā walruses i ʻike ʻia. ʻO ka pilina pili pili i nā ʻīlele elepani, ʻo ka hōʻailona paʻa, ka mea he mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau. Ma ka huina, he 2 mau pūʻulu o nā ʻīlena elepani - ʻākau a ma ka hema.
Wahine Kahiko Kahiko kāne (Mirounga angustirostris).
ʻAʻole nā loiloi elephant i ko lākou inoa ʻaʻole maʻalahi, he mau holoholona maoli lākou o nā nui maoli. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kāne o ka silahe elima Hema hiki ke hiki i 5 m, ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 2,5 ton! He liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā wahine a hiki i ka lōʻihi o "ka" 3 m. He ʻokoʻa nā kaila o ke kai i ke koena o nā sila i loko o ko lākou kino kino nui a me ka nui o nā momona subcutaneous. ʻO ka nui o ka momona momona e 30% o ka nui o ka nui o ka holoholona.
ʻO nā Penguins ma hope o ka silaʻe o ka elephant hema e hāʻawi i kahi manaʻo o ka nui o kēia holoholona.
Hoʻohui hou i ka nui, nā ʻōlima elepana i kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe e hoʻohuli ai iā lākou e like me nā elepana maoli. He ʻōiwi kino mauʻu nā kāne o kēia mau holoholona i ka ihu, e like me kahi puʻupuʻu pōkole. I ka wā moe, hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻeke no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana, hoʻohanohano a me ke ʻano he mea hoʻokau, e hoʻoikaika ana i kahi ʻano nui.
ʻEle nā hīnaʻi hemolele ʻākau i ka wā o ka moe ʻana.
ʻAʻohe wahi ʻeke a nā wahine.
Wahine o ka hōʻailona elephant hōʻailona.
Kūpili ka ʻili o nā elepana o ke kai a like me ka walrus, akā uhi ʻia me ka pulu mānoanoa pōkole e like me nā sila paʻa. ʻO nā ʻepa ʻelemaka i nā ʻelele kahakai ʻalani a mau kālā kālā-ʻelele i nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio.
Young southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina).
Ma ka kikoʻī, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua: ʻo nā elepani Hema e noho ana i kahakai o Patagonia a me nā mokupuni subantarctic, aʻo ka ʻōpū ʻākau e noho ana i ke kahakai komohana o ʻAmelika Hema - mai Mexico a Kaleponi a hiki i Canada. Ua makemake nā mea ʻelua e noho i nā kahakai pebble a me nā palala pali mālie. ʻO nā ʻōlima elephant, ʻaʻole like me nā kekeʻe ʻē aʻe, i hana i nā rookeries nui, helu helu i hoʻokahi tausani poʻe.
Wahine wahine o ka pāpū elephant hōʻailona ma ka rookery.
ʻO ka mahalo, ua loaʻa i nā ʻikena he ʻelua mau ʻano o ka rookeries - no ka hoʻoulu a no ka hānai. ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā meaʻai he mau haneli mau mile mai kahi mai o ka "hau hānai", no laila holo mau nā elepani. Hoʻohana nui kēia mau holoholona i nā cephalopods, liʻiliʻi i ka iʻa pinepine. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻoluʻolu ke kāʻei ʻolua a me nā holoholona lethargic. Ma muli o ko lākou koʻikoʻi nui ma ka ʻāina, ua laha lākou a palau lākou.
Hoʻokahi wale nō hoʻokahi makahiki i ka makahiki he hoʻomaka a hoʻomaka i ʻAukake-ʻekekimaka (ma ka ʻaoʻao hema hema he puna ia). ʻO ka mea mua i hiki aku i nā wahi kāne mākeke ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kāne a me nā wahine, a ulu iki ka wā liʻiliʻi. I ka wā moe, hele ka kāne i waho o ka hoʻomaopopo. Inā i nā manawa maʻamau ke hiamoe wale lākou i kahakai, a ma ka hū ua pau ka maluhia a me ka hiamoe. Noho kekahi kāne i kekahi ʻāpana o ke kahakai, ʻaʻole waiho i nā kāne ʻē aʻe e kau ʻia ana. Ke ulu ka hoʻokūkū, hoʻohui pū nā hoa kū i ke kaua ikaika. Puulu nui lākou i ka leʻaleʻa, a ʻāwīwī iā lākou i kā lākou leʻaleʻa a hoʻōho lākou i ka lewa no ka hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻenemi. Akā ua ʻike ʻole ʻia ia i kahi mea nānā aku ma waho no ka mea ʻoi pū nā kāne i kēlā me kēia i ke koko a hakakā pinepine a hōʻeha i nā hōʻeha ma mua o ka hoa paio.
Males o ka silaina elepona hema ma ka hānai koko.
A ʻo ka mea e komo ai nā wahine āpau i ke komo ʻana o ke kāne i mea koho ʻia a koho pū me ia (inā ʻaʻole, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, hōʻe hou kāna hoa wahine iā ia). No laila hoʻokumu ʻia nā kāne i nā wahine he 10-30 a puni lākou. Noho ʻo ka wahine hānau ʻana he 11 mau mahina, no laila ʻo ka hānau keiki ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana, kokoke like like ʻole. Hānau nā wahine i hoʻokahi ʻāpana nui, ʻo ka "pēpē" paona he 20-30 kg! Hōʻele ʻia nā kelepona ʻōlima.E hānai nā māmā iā lākou i ka waiū no ka liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi mahina, ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea ʻōpio i neʻe aku i ka pelekula o ka rookery a ʻaʻole hoʻi i komo i ka wai i kekahi mau hebedoma hou aku. I kēia mau manawa āpau, ola nā cubs i nā ʻoihana o ka momona subcutaneous i hōʻea i ka wā o ka hānai waiū. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, nalo nā holoholona, a ma hope o lākou e waiho ai i nā pūnaewele ulu.
Elephant moana i ka wā molting.
ʻOiai ka nui o kā lākou nui, he nui nā kime he elepani (ma mua o nā holoholona ʻōpio) i make i nā waha o nā kohola pepehi kanaka a me nā hiu. I kekahi manawa make ka kāne i nā hōʻeha a me ka hānai nui i ka wā o ka huki ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wā ʻōpio o nā kāne ʻōpio i nā ʻōpala nui. Ma ka nui loa, ʻaʻole i nui loa nā holoholona, a ua weluwelu nui ʻia kā lākou mau helu e ka lawaiʻa. I ka wā ma mua, ua ʻimi ʻia nā elepani elepani no ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā momona (a hiki i 400 kg mai hoʻokahi kāne!), Ka ʻona a me nā ʻili. Ua hoʻōki ʻia kēia lawaiʻa, akā ua haʻahaʻa ka nui o nā kelima elepani ʻākau.
ʻAlāleʻa moana ʻaliki.
ʻO nā ʻenehana kahakai he mau momi no ka papa o nā pinnipeds. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou me nā honi, like like. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka nui wale nō ka nui, nā ʻīlio elepani nui, a ma kahi nū ʻili a hiki i 30 cm ka lōʻihi ma kahi o ka ihu, manaʻo ʻia he ʻāpana. No laila, ua kapa ʻia nā silaʻe elepani - no kēia ʻōpala.
Nā hiʻohiʻona ola
ʻAi ʻia nā elepona Hema i nā pahu, nā iʻa a me ka honu. Loaʻa ka ʻona i kā lākou ʻai i loko o ka wai o ka papa ʻāina, a ʻo nā wahine hele i ke kai.
- I ka wā wana a me ka molting, hele pinepine nā elepani hema i kahi i hānau ai lāua. ʻO kekahi mau hebedoma ma mua o ka puka ʻana mai o nā wahine mai ka wai, e hakakā nā kāne no ke kuʻina. Eia nō naʻe, pono e lanakila kēlā a me kēia i ka mālama i ka rookery. Hōʻole ʻo ia i ka meaʻai, ka mea e pau ai ia i ka hopena o ka māla ʻana. No laila, ke noho mau nei ka nui o nā alpha ikaika, kēlā me kēia a me nā wahine.
- Hāpai ka hapanui o nā wahine i ka rookery, hānau mai i keiki a i kekahi manawa ma hope o ke mākaukau hou no ka ʻaʻa ʻana. Ma ke kānāwai, hānau ʻia hoʻokahi cub. I nā pilikia maʻamau, hiki i nā mea ʻelua.
- ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka 'elepela hema hema hou ka lōʻihi ma kahi mika a kaupaona 25-50 kg. E noho pū ana ka makuahine me kāna pēpē no 23 mau lā, ma hope o ka hānai ʻana a kau ʻia ka pipi. I kēia manawa, ua kūpaʻa ia ma kahi o 120 kg.
- Ma hope o kēlā, haʻalele ka wahine i ke kai, a hui pū nā poʻe ʻōpio i nā hui. No kekahi mau pule ua noho lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā momona subcutaneous. I ka hopena, hoʻomaka lākou e pōloli. E aʻo kūlohelohe a loaʻa i kā lākou ʻai ponoʻī.
- I 3 mau makahiki, hele nā wahine i ka wā akomi, a ma o 6 mau makahiki kā lākou e komo ai i loko o ka pōkā makahiki makahiki. Hoʻomaka nā Males e hoʻokūkū no nā wahine i nā makahiki 10 wale nō. Hoʻomālua ka wahine i ka 11 mau mahina, me kahi ola o nā makahiki he 20.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO ka sila o nā elephant kahi kai lawaiʻa hohonu, kahi hele lōʻihi, kahi holoholona hoʻi e wīwī ana no nā manawa lōʻihi. ʻAno ole nā eleʻe o kai, ua ʻākoakoa lākou i ka honua e hānau ai, male aloha a molt, akā hoʻokahi wale nō me ke kai. Kau ʻia nā koi nui i ko lākou helehelena i hoʻomau i ko lākou lāhui. Hōʻike nā haʻawina ʻo nā ʻīlio elephant nā keiki o ka dolphin a me kahi platypus a i ʻole he dolphin a koala.
Aia i hea ka lālani ola?
Aia kekahi ʻano ʻelua o nā laulima elephant:
ʻIke ʻia nā kime elepani ʻĀpana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau mai Baja Kaleponi, a hiki i ke Kaiāwi o Alaska a me nā mokupuni ʻo Aleutian. I ka wā ulu, noho lākou i nā kahakai i nā mokupuni kahakai a ma nā wahi ākea ma ka ʻāina nui. I ke koena o ka makahiki, me ka ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā manawa molting, noho nā kime elepana e noho mamao loa mai ke kahakai (a hiki i 8000 km), kaila kaomi ma kahi hohonu o ka 1,500 mika ma lalo o ka ihu o ke kai.
E noho ana nā kohu elepelika Hema (Mirounga leonina) i nā wai kūlohelohe a me kahi anuanu Antartika.Lele aʻe lākou a puni a puni ka hapa nui o nā mokupuni subantarctic. Hoʻomai ʻia ka lehulehu i nā mokupuni o Antipodes a me ka mokupuni o Campbell. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻike pinepine lākou i nā mokupuni o Auckland, Antipodes a me Snares, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā Chatham Islands a i ʻole kekahi mau ʻāina ʻāina ʻē aʻe. I kekahi manawa hele kipa nā elepani hema i ke kahakai o ka ʻāina
Ma ka ʻāina ma ka ʻāina, hiki iā lākou ke noho ma ka ʻāina i mau mahina he nui, e hāʻawi ana i nā poʻe i ka manawa e nānā i nā holoholona i noho maʻamau i nā wai subantarctic. ʻO ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka wikiwiki o kēlā mau holoholona moana hiki iā ia ke lilo i mea nani nui, a me nā mea ʻōpio ʻōpiopio.
ʻOiaʻiʻo:ʻAʻole like ka hapanui o nā manu manu ʻē aʻe (e like me ka dugongs), ʻaʻole i piha ka elepani: ua kīkī lākou mai ka wai e hoʻomaha ai, molt, male a hānau mai i nā ʻili.
He aha kā ka ʻenekia i ʻai?
Hala keke -. ʻO nā elepani Hema ke kai mākaʻikaʻi a i ʻole ka hapanui o ko lākou manawa i ke kai. ʻAi lākou i ka iʻa, cumi a i ʻole cephalopods i loaʻa i ka wai Antarctic. Holo lākou i ka ʻāina wale no ka hua a molt. ʻO ke koena o ka makahiki lākou e ʻai ai i loko o ke kai, kahi e hoʻomaha ai lākou, kaʻauʻau ma luna o ka ʻāina a me ka lawaiʻa i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā iʻa nui, ʻoiai ke kai holo pinepine lākou iā lākou mai nā wahi mai, a e hiki iā lākou ke uhi i nā mamao lōʻihi ma waena o nā manawa i hoʻolilo ʻia ma ka ʻāina. . ^ E Ha yM.
Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei kā lākou mau wahine a me nā kāne i hānai i nā mea like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻōpū wahine ka mea i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka māka, a ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa o ke kāne, ka ʻōpala o nā ʻuʻuku, a me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe. I ka ʻimi ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai, e hele ana nā kāne ma ke alo o ka Continental i ke Kaiʻāina o Alasa. Holo nā wahine i ke kūkulu ʻākau a i ke komohana i kahi kai ākea. Hōʻailona ka mea elephant i kēia neʻe i ʻelua manawa i ka makahiki, ke hoʻi hou nei i ka rookery.
E lele nā elepana o ke kai i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai, hoʻopau i mau mahina i loko o ke kai a holo pinepine lākou e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻi lākou i kā lākou rookeries e hānai a hānau mai. ʻOiai ua hala ka manawa kāne a me ka ʻelele mau kāne i ka moana, ua ʻokoʻa nā ala hele a me nā hana ʻai: ʻai nā kāne i ke ala maʻamau, ʻimi ma ka papa hoʻomau a loaʻa i ka meaʻai ma ka papahele moana, ʻoiai e loli ana nā wahine i ko lākou ala. huli nui i ka moana ākea. Ma waho o ka echolocation, ua hoʻohana nā kālele elepani i ko lākou ʻike a me kā lākou makika e ʻike ai i kahi neʻe kokoke.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Ke hele nei nā elepana o ke kai a hana i nā kolone i mau mahina wale nō i ka makahiki e hānau ai, hua a me nā molt. I ke koena o ka makahiki, ke hoʻokaʻawale nā koloni, a hoʻohana ka poʻe i ka hapanui o ko lākou manawa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻo ia ka mea eʻai ai no nā tausani he mau mile a ka kahe ʻana i ka hohonu hohonu. Ke nānā nei nā ʻelele i ke kai e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai, ke holo nei lākou i nā hohonu hohonu.
Kuhi ma lalo o kahi hohonu o ka 1,500 mau mika. ʻO ka manawa lawaiʻa awelika he 20 mau minuke, akā hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi no hoʻokahi hola a lōʻihi paha. Ke hele ʻana nā ʻelele kai i ka maka, he mau minuke 2-4 wale lākou ma ka ʻāina ma mua o ka make hou ʻana - a hoʻomau kēia hana i ka hana 24 hola i ka lā.
Ma ka ʻāina, ke noho pinepine nei nā silahe elele me ka wai ʻole no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa. No ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe, hiki i kā lākou mau kauka ke hana i ka wai i loko o ka ʻaihue, kahi i ʻike nui ai ka wai a me ka wai maoli ʻole i kēlā me kēia pā. He wahi haunaele ka rookery i ka wā hoʻoulu, e like me nā kāne i ke kani ʻana, nā kīʻaha e hānai ʻia, a e hakakā nā wahine me kekahi ma muli o ko lākou wahi maikaʻi loa a me nā cubs. Ke kuʻi nei, snorting, burping, whimpering, creaking, screeching, a male kāne kūwaho e hui pū ai i kahi symphony o ke kani moana elephant.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
ʻO ka silahe elepani hema, e like me ka elepani ʻākau, nā ʻōpala a me nā molts ma ka ʻāina, akā ʻo nā ʻehā i loko o ke kai, kokoke paha i ka hau hau. Hānau ka ʻele ma Hema i ka ʻāina, akā e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻoilo i ka wai anuanu o ka Antartika ma kahi o ka hau Antarctic. ʻAʻole neʻe ka ʻōiwi ʻehā i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e ulu ana, e hoʻoholo ana nā elepani kāne a hoʻomalu i ka pae, e hoʻonāukiuki i kekahi.
Kohi lākou i ka harem mai 40 a 50 mau wahine, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kā lākou mau hoa nui. Hakakā ʻo Males i kekahi no ke aupuni nui i ka ʻaina. Hoʻopau kekahi mau hālāwai me kahi puʻe a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, akā nui ka poʻe i hoʻohuli i nā kaua koʻikoʻi a koko.
Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻoulu i ka hopena o Nowemapa. Hoʻomaka nā wahine male i ka waena o Dekemaba a hoʻomau mau a hiki i ke waena o Pepeluali. Hana ka hānau mua ma mua o ka Kalikimaka, akā ʻo ka hapanui o nā hānau hānau i loko o nā hebedoma ʻelua o Ianuali. Noho ka wahine ma kahakai no kahi paha mau hebedoma he 15 mai ka manawa i pae ai lākou. E pīhoihoi ana, aia ma ke kahakai nā kāne a hiki i 100 lā.
I ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū, ʻaʻole ʻai ʻia nā wahine - ʻelua ka makuahine a me ke keiki ke ola i ka ikehu i mālama ʻia i kāna nui o kāna momona. Loaʻa nā kāne a me nā wahine i pili i ka 1/3 o ko lākou kaumaha ma ka wā mālama. Hānau ʻia nā wahine i hoʻokahi manamana i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma hope o kahi wahine e 11 mau mahina.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Aia ka hānau ʻana o ka wahine, ʻo ka waiū āna i huna ai ma kahi o 12% momona. ʻElua mau pule i hala aku nei, ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia helu ma mua o 50%, e hāʻawi ana i ka wai i ka like o ka pudding. I ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻo ka waiū o ka pipi wale nō ka momona o ka 3,5%.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
Ua ʻimi ʻia nā mea ʻelua o nā elepana moana no ko lākou momona, a i ka kenekulia 19 ua ʻānai loa ʻia lākou. Eia nō naʻe, ma lalo o ka mālama kānāwai, e māhuahua mau ana kā lākou helu, a ʻaʻole ola o ko lākou ola ʻana. I ka makahiki 1880, ua manaʻo ʻia ua hala nā ʻāpana ʻeke ʻākau e like me ka ʻimi lawaiʻa ʻana o nā lawaiʻa i nā kahakai e loaʻa ai ka momona o ko lākou aʻa, a ʻo ka lua wale nō ka momona o ka pīpī sperm. Hoʻokahi hui liʻiliʻi o nā silahe elele 20-100 i hāpai ʻia ma ka mokupuni ʻo Guadalupe, kokoke i Baja Kaleponi, i pakele i ka hopena e heʻe nei i ka hopu.
Mālama mua ʻia e Mexico, a laila, e hoʻonui mau nei lākou i ko lākou heluna. Ke pale ʻia nei e ka Law Mammal Protection Act o 1972, ke pālahalaha nei lākou mai kā lākou ʻāina mai nā wahi mamao aku nei a ke kālai ʻia nei i nā kahakai nui o ka ʻāina, e like me Piedras Blancas, ma ke kūkulu hema ʻo Big Sur, kokoke i San Simeon. Kuhi ka huina o ka heluna heluna ma nā kekona he elepani i 1999, he 150,000.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: He holoholona holoholona hihiu nā elepana o ka moana a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokokoke ʻia. He hoʻohilahila ʻole lākou a hiki ke hōʻeha i ka poʻe nui, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā hānau. Hiki i ka hana hoʻoweliweli ke kanaka ke hoʻohana i nā ʻīlio e hoʻohana i ka ikehu waiwai e pono ai ke ola. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā keruba mai ko lākou mau makuahine, e alakaʻi pinepine ana i ko lākou make. Ke lawelawe nei ka lawelawe lawaiʻa kai piha ma ke kaiāulu, no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa moana.
Kahiki - kekahi holoholona. Nui lākou a nui i ka ʻāina, akā maikaʻi ka wai: hiki iā lākou ke hūnā i kahi hohonu o 2 mau hola a paʻa i ko lākou hanu ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i ka 2 mau hola. E hele ana nā ʻelele i ke kai ma ke kai a hiki i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kahi mamao loa no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻai. Ke hakakā nei lākou ma kahi o ka lā, akā nāu wale nō i hoʻokō i ka pahuhopu.