ʻO ka iʻa ʻulaʻula nui i Lūkia, ka mea i hoʻohana maʻamau no ka paila a me ka palaoa, ma ka salmon, pink salmon, ke kime, ka salmon, ke kime a me ke kime coho. E kūʻē i ko lākou kua mua, ua waiho wale kahi sim - he iʻa, e like me ka mea ʻē aʻe, e pili ana i nā mea o ka lawaiʻa koʻikoʻi. He ʻono ʻono maikaʻi, kuke wikiwiki. A ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa o nā ʻike o nā huaora olakino a me nā minela i nā iʻa ʻulaʻula ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka helu kumu kaiʻai a me ka ʻike calorie
He ʻano mokulele ʻo Sima, a ma nā waiwai maikaʻi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka salmon a me ka trout. Aia i loko o nā unsaturated fatty acid Omega-3 a me Omega-6, i pale i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka atherosclerosis, waikawa amino e pale aku ai i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me ka maʻi maʻi, selenium - he huaora e hāʻawi ai i ka lohi i ka wā kahiko a hāʻawi i ka lōʻihi.
ʻOno ʻono o ka iʻa
ʻO Sima kahi iʻa momona, ʻono kahi momona. Pono ʻoe e kuke koke ia, inā e nele i ka manawa, e kipi a maloʻo a haʻalele i kona ʻano waiwai.
Loaʻa ʻia kahi hoihoi hoihoi me nā sim sals. Ma nā loleʻeleʻele, hoʻohālike like ia me ka caviar o ka smoneye salmon a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula. No laila, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka ʻā, a ma hope o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻia i loko o ka foil a iʻa ʻūlua i loko o ka ʻāpala. A mai kēia iʻa ua loaʻa kekahi pepeiao maikaʻi loa, me ka ulaula, translucent fat ma luna.
Sima: pehea e kuke ai i ka umu a i loko o ka pā
Loaʻa ka simicy waiʻai ma ka palaoa i ka umu (ma ka foil). Eia kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā lāʻau ʻai, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka mau ʻōmato a me ka zucchini. Hōʻī ka wai o nā lau ʻai i ka ʻiʻo o Sima, a ʻoi aku ka momona o ka ʻono.
E ʻoki i nā iʻa i loko o steaks, 2,5 cm mānoanoa, pīpī ʻia me ka wai lemon a hoʻouna aku i ka friji no ka ʻikepili no ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi hola. I kēia manawa, ʻokiʻoki i ka zucchini a me nā mau ʻōmato i loko o nā apo aniani, a kahele like i kēlā me kēia ma ka pā o ka foil. E kau i ka steaks ma luna. ʻO ka paʻakai, ka pepa, kāwili a hoʻouna i ka umu i hoʻomoʻa ʻia ma 200 mau kekelē no 30 mau minuke.
Ke kīwī ʻia ʻana nā Sim i ke maloʻo no ka lehulehu. No laila, ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka iʻa i ka pā, pono ʻo ia i mare. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, no 1 kg o kā sim, i ʻoki ʻia i loko o nā ʻāpana mau, pono ʻoe: 250 ml o ka waiū (ka wai i hoʻolapalapa), ka paʻakai, ka ʻōpala, ka maloʻo maloʻo, 2-3 kolo o ka apopo cider winika (hiki i ka waina ka), 2-3 mau ʻōpala o ke kāleka (a kāwili ʻia ma kahi kaomi). E hoʻomākaukau i ka marinade mai nā mea kanu, hoʻopiha iā lākou me ka iʻa a waiho ma ka lumi o ka lumi no kekahi mau hola.
Ma hope o ka manawa i koho ʻia, huki ʻia ka sim mai ka marinade. Ke kāpae ʻole i kahi kāleka a i ʻole ke kāleka paha i kahi ʻāpana, e ʻoki i ka iʻa i ka palaoa a hoʻouna i ka pā kuke wela me ka pata. Kāleka a hiki i ka kolamu gula ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. ʻOno ʻo Sima (iʻa) akā, ma hope o kahi waiū me ka waiū, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona ʻono. Kuki i loko o ka ipu pā ʻole me ka uhi ʻole.
Pehea ka paʻakai i ka iʻa sim i nā hola 12
ʻO ka iʻa ʻulaʻula (me ka sim kekahi) mālama i kāna mau waiwai pono i ka piha wale nō ma ka ʻano paʻakai. ʻO nā ala āpau a pau no ka hana ʻana e liʻiliʻi ʻia.
I mea e ʻānai ai i ka sim - ka iʻa, ke kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma luna - e kuke wikiwiki, ua ʻoki ʻia kona mau kīpī ʻīpoki ma mua o 1 cm mānoanoa. No ka paʻakai, ka paʻakai a me ke kō e hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi māhele o ka 1: 1. ʻO ka nui o nā mea ʻala e hilinaʻi ma luna o ke kaumaha o ka iʻa.
Sima pepeiao
ʻO ka papa mua, ka mea i hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai ka hopu ʻana a Sims e nā lawaiʻa, ʻo ia ka pepeiao. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nei nō kēia mea mai kēia mea kauaka o ka ʻohana salmon e loaʻa iā ia ka mea maikaʻi loa.
I loko o nā mea i kuke ʻia nā hua like (no ka 2 lita o ka wai): ʻuala - 700 g, ka ʻoliki a me nā kaloti, ke kaila, ka lemon, ka ʻula, ka paʻakai, ka ʻōpala, nā sim. ʻAʻole kūpono loa nā kīleʻa no ka kuke ʻana i ka iʻa mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia iʻa i kēia hihia, kahi i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻano ʻono o ka ʻiʻo. Inā e hoʻohui ʻoe i ka pā i kekahi mau minuke ma mua, e hāʻule ka iʻa.
Aia mahea iʻa ʻo Sim?
Noho ʻo Sima i ka wai o ke kahakai ʻo ʻAmelika o ka Moana - mai ka muliwai Amur a hiki i Tumen-ula. Aia nō ka mea ma ka pale o ke kai o Iapana. Ke kūlohelohe nei, ʻelua ʻano ʻelua o kēia iʻa - migratory a me kahi noho.
Hiki ke loaʻa ke ʻano loiloi:
- ma Sakhalin
- ma lapana
- ma na Mokupuni o Kuril
- ma na kahawai o Primorye,
- i ka hema o Kamchatka (i loko o nā helu liʻiliʻi a ʻo ia wale nō ka manawa e noho ai)
- a Busan
- i ka muliwai foggy.
ʻAʻole makemake nui ʻo Residential Sim i ka wai o ke kai, ʻoi aku ka makemake e noho i nā kahawai. Ua liʻiliʻi ʻo ia i ka mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o kona mau kai a ola:
- ma lapana
- i Taiwan
- ma Sakhalin
- ma Primorye,
- ma ka Teritore o Khabarovsk.
ʻAe ke ʻano Sima
Hoʻomaka ka hana hāmeʻa ʻo Sims i ka hoʻomaka o ʻApelila a kū mau a hiki i ka hapalua mua o Iulai. Ma Kamchatka, hiki iā ia ke kaomi a hiki i ka hopena o Iulai. Koho ka Sim i kahi i kū ka'ā ai ʻo ia i ka puʻu i luna a me nā kahawai ākea e kahe ana iā lākou. Ke koi pono o ka pono kumu.
- nāwaliwali ikaika
- ka hele ʻana ma lalo o kahi papa i kahi papa pōhaku paha.
I ka hiki ʻana aku o ka sim i kahi kūpono loa, hoʻomaka koke ʻo ia i ka spawning, e hoʻomau ana a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻohi. Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo ʻana i ka huaʻehā, make ia.
ʻO ka Caviar o kēia iʻa ua manaʻo ʻia he mea maikaʻi maoli ʻo ia. Hoʻohui ʻia. ʻO ke kumukūʻai he kilogram o ka sima caviar mai nā rubles 5,000 no ka pākeke.
He waiwai e hoʻohana ai i ka iʻa sim
Kahi ka helu o ka calorie o ka sim - ka 208 kilokale wale no kēlā me kēia 100 mau hua o ka huahana, akā he nui nā momona a me nā protein, e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā iʻa e loaʻa ai ka ʻono. ʻO kahi kīʻaha sima e makemake ʻia ma ka papaʻaina no nā poʻe haʻuki a me nā mea ʻai.
I waena o nā waiwai pono o kēia iʻa, makemake wau e ʻike mua i nā mea āpau:
- ka heleʻana o nā Omega-3 a me nā Omega-6, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka atherosclerosis,
- ka heleʻana o nā waikawa amino e pale aku i ke kino mai ka oncology a me nā maʻi maʻi,
- Aia ka ʻai Sima he huaʻai Selenium lihiluhi, ka hoʻohana maʻamau ka mea e hiki ai ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka wā kahiko a hāʻawi i kekahi mau makahiki he nui o ke ola.
Pehea e kuke ai i ka sim
Pili, ʻo ka hopu a pau o kahi sim (kokoke i ʻekahi hapaha) ke kohu a piki. Ke koe i ka ʻekahi hapa e hele ana i nā hale kūʻai i nā ʻalapau piha a i ʻole nā huahana semi-oti. Eia nō hoʻi, ʻo ka balyk a me nā meaʻai ʻaʻa ʻia mai ka sim. E nānā pū: Pehea e paʻakai ai i ka caviar salmon
ʻO nā huahana simu i hoʻomoʻa a me nā semi-oti mai loko mai o ia i kāwili ʻia i loko o ka pā poʻi a i ke ahi paha i hoʻolilo ʻia (barbecue, barbecue), i hoʻolapalapa ʻia, kālua ʻia, i ka umu, etc. Pēlā ʻaʻole e huli ka sim i ka maloo, pono ka moʻo ʻia i mua o ka pā ʻana, a laila kuke koke i ka ʻai, me ka puhi ʻole ma luna o ke ahi. Inā ʻaʻole, hoʻēmi paha ka sim i kona juiciness, a me ia nō nā ʻano kūʻokoʻa.
Nā Sims Salting Recipe
Aia kekahi ala wikiwiki i ka sals sims, ka mea e lawe ai ma mua o 12 mau hola.
- ʻOki ʻia ka iʻa i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻole ʻaʻole kūpaʻa ma mua o 1 cm.
- Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka pahu aniani,
- Ua ninini me ka kāwili o ke kō a me ka paʻakai (1: 1),
- Ua uhi ʻia ʻo ia me ka uhi a hoʻouna ʻia i loko o ka friji.
- Ma hope o nā hola 12, ua mākaukau piha ka iʻa e ʻai.
KAOLEOMELU SIMULAR
ʻO ka iʻa migratory Sima: noho i ke kai, kahe i nā muliwai. Ma Iapana kahi ʻano kahi hale noho i loko o nā muliwai a me nā loko. Kahi mua mau lā i kona wā ola, a laila make ia.
It is happen at Amur from late Iulai to mid-August, in Posyetsky district - in September, in Japan - in September - October. Hoʻopuka ka spawning i kahi mahana o 7-12 °, ma luna o ka lepo liʻiliʻi kahi i kanu ʻia ai nā hua.
ʻO Fertility kahi 1.4-5.2 tausani mau huaole, ka awelika o 3.2 tausani mau hua.
ʻO Caviar, e like me nā salmon āpau, ma lalo. ʻO ka lole o ka nui o ka nui i loko o ka wai a hiki i ka makahiki, hiki ke lōʻihi o ka 10 cm, i kekahi mau manawa 18-20 cm. ʻO nā ʻōpala o kēia nui i loaʻa nā puhaka he 7-11 nui i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino.
Loaʻa ʻo Sima i ka lōʻihi o 71 cm a me kahi paona o 9 kg.
ʻO nā nui o ka lawaiʻa Sim e ʻokoʻa i nā wahi ʻokoʻa. I ka moku ʻo Posyetsky, he 52-68 cm ka lōʻihi, ma ke awelika 61 cm, ke kaumaha o 4 kg, ma ka muliwai. ʻO ka Cumin e kahe ana i ka Tatar Strait, lōʻihi a hiki i 71 cm a me ke kaumaha a hiki i 9 kg (waʻa: lōʻihi 60-63 cm, ke kaumaha 4-5.5 kg), ma ka lalo haʻahaʻa o ke kahawai Amur 46-67 cm, haʻahaʻa 54-57 cm, kaupaona -1.6-3.2 kg, kahi awelika o 2.3 kg.
Pahu ka wai wai i loko o Sim i ka lōʻihi he 28 cm ka maʻamau o Sim i ka ʻakolu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makahiki ʻehā o ke ola. E noho ana ʻo Sim Sims ma ka muliwai ma mua o 18 cm.
ʻO Sima kahi mea wānana, e like me nā salmon Pacific ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻano gen Oncorhynchus he pink salmon a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO Sima ka saleman migratory mua i komo iā Amur ma hope o ka weheʻana, i kekahi mau makahiki mai ka hoʻomaka o Mei, ka maʻamau mai ka waena o Mei a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o Iune. E like me ka salmon a pink, a like ʻole me ka chum salmon, hele aku ia i Amur mai hema, mai ke Kai o Iapana. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka papa ma ka palena haʻahaʻa o ka muliwai ʻo Amur i ka waena o Iulai, i ka hopena - i ka hopena o Iulai - i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake.
Ma Amur, piʻi nā ʻōhua he 300-400 luna ma luna o Nikolaevsk. Lōlani ʻo Juveniles i loko o ke kai i ke makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki a keu paha.
KāʻI ʻO SIMA
Ua hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Sima i loko o Rūsia, Korea a me Iapana. Ua hōʻea ke kuhi Kepani he 292 tausani mau kenekulia i ka makahiki 1915 (i ka makahiki 1923-1925 ʻaʻole lākou iʻoi aku ma mua o 126,000 mau kenekulia, a i ka 1936-1938 ua hāʻule lākou i 100 tausani mau pūʻulu), me ka nui he nui i ʻohi ʻia mai Hokkaido. I Korea, ua loaʻa ka nui o nā pahu i ka 8-26 mano tons (1936-1939).
I loko o nā wai o Rūsia, he liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka sim, a ʻo kāna hopu ʻia he 69 tausani mau (1936-1939), nā loko nui loa ma ka muliwai. Tumnin, kahi hou i ka pp. Laʻu, Botchi, Samarga. ʻO Sima ke kumuhana o ka moʻomeheu maoli.
Aihua a me ka papa lawaiʻa
Loaʻa ka sim i ka wā o ka neʻe o ka upa paʻa a me ka hoʻolei (ma Iapana hoʻi e nā ʻupena gill).
Ekolu ʻeka o ka nui o ka hopu ʻia i mālama ʻia me ka paʻakai a kaha ʻole paha, i ukali ʻia i ka manawa uahi. ʻO kahi hapa o ka hopu i hele i ka hau aila ka mākeke.
Kahi wahi hana i hoʻohanaʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā huahana balyk. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Caviar.
ʻO keʻano
Ua like like ʻo Sima me ka saloho coho, akā he hōʻano kūwaho a ʻoi aku ke kala ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, a ma ka iʻa ʻolua. I nā huaʻili spawning, he raspberry lākou. Ma nā dorsal fin III-IV (V) 10-13 mau hihi, ma ka anal III-IV 11-14 (15) (maʻa mau he 12), ke ʻano o nā mea he 18-18, nā hihi he 11-15, nā hui pyloric 35-76, vertebrae 63 -64 (maʻa mau loa 63), 66. He nui ka nui o nā pāpaʻi, ma ka laina ʻalani 130-140.
He kāne kāne ʻōpio nā kāne i hala. Aia ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino o ka sim i nā kiʻekiʻe, ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe mai 28 a 31% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino. Kōle nui kahi puʻe i nā kāne i ka wā i hele ai, a ʻoi aku lākou e kiʻekiʻe aʻe. Hoʻopili ʻo ke kīkuʻu o luna a kākā ʻia e ke kaula. Piʻi nui nā niho ma nā ʻōpala.
Kāleka
I ke kai, he kala ke kala. ʻOiai i ka iʻa ʻo ka pākeke, mālama ʻia nā māka nui loa ma ke kino, helu ana 8-11, i ka poʻe hoʻokahi e komo ana i ka muliwai he mau mālamalama māmā, i loko o nā pūnaka, i nā kāne i ʻoi aku ka mālamalama ma mua o nā wahine. Ma ka kua aia nā wahi liʻiliʻi a puni. Ma ke kumu o ka dorsal fin 3 mau wahiʻele. I kekahi manawa nā wahi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi ma ka dorsal, caudal a me nā pālua adipose. ʻO ka piko o ka pulu anal a me ka lalo o ka caudal i crimson. I ka hiki ʻana i nā papa spawning, loli nui ka wahine ma ka kala a me ka helehelena. ʻEleʻele ke waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula.
Nā dims me nā kaupaona
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pahu o luna o nā kāne ʻo 14.9-17.1, i nā wahine 12.6-13.2% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino (a hiki i ka hope o nā hihi waena C). ʻO ka mamao o ka maka ke emi i ka makahiki: i nā ʻōpio (a hiki i 200 mm) he 20-30% o ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo, a ma nā pākeke ke hāʻule a kokoke i 10%. I loko o nā wai ʻai, aia he 611 mau wahi huehue anuu ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, ʻaʻohe kīleʻa o nā pua dorsal a me caudal, a me nā lālele ʻeleʻele a puni kahi haumana.
ʻO ka lōʻihi (a i ka hopena o nā hihi waena C) o nā kāne makua mai ka muliwai. ʻO Tumnin (kahe i loko o ka Tatar Strait) ma ka awelika 63 cm (ka lōʻihi loa he 71 cm), ke kaumaha ma 5.5 kg (ka nui he 9.0 kg), nā wāhine i ka awelika 60.5 cm (ka lōʻihi 67 cm), ke kaumaha ma ka awelika 4, 0 kg (maximum 6.0 kg). Ma ka moku ʻo Posyetsky (kokoke i ka palena: me Korea) kahi hopu nui ka nui: nā wahine i 52-68 cm. Ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ʻAmur, e liʻiliʻi ka nui: nā kāne 46-67 cm, ma ka awelika 56.8 cm, ke kaumaha o 1.8-3.2 kg, ma ka awelika 2.3 kg, nā wahine 47-62 cm, kahi awelika o 54.4 cm, ke kaumaha 1.6-3.1 kg, kahi awelika o 2.3 kg.
Kālā
Ke hele nei a me nā wai keu o ke awāwa o ka Pākīpika e noho wale ana ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻAsia mai ke kūlima ʻana o Korea a me Iapana (Hokkaido a me Honshu) a hiki i ka ʻAmur, Sakhalin a me ke komohana komohana o Kamchatka. Hōʻike ʻia ka puka hale noho ma nā loko a me nā muliwai, me Taiwan a me ka mokupuni ʻo Ryukyu, ma ka Penikeni o Korea a me Iapana.
Ke noho maʻamau
Ma hope o ka wehe ʻana o ka Amur Sim, ka komo mua o ka huakaʻi ma ka muliwai - i nā makahiki ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻomaka mua o Mei, ka maʻamau ma mua o Mei-Mei a i ka hopena o Iune. E like me ka salmon a pink, a like ʻole me ka chum salmon, komo i loko o Amur mai ke ala hema, i.e., mai ke kai o Iapana. ʻAʻole ke kiʻekiʻe o kona kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa nā puka dwarf waiwai. E hoʻomaka ka hana i ka hoʻomaka o Mei, a hoʻomau a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Kepakemapa. ʻAʻole ala kiʻekiʻe i nā muliwai, akā e piʻi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka salmon pink.
Puberty
He Soc mau ʻano maʻamau ʻo Sima: hiki ia i ka wā akomi ma ka 3 o ka makahiki, ʻokoʻa hoʻi ma ka makahiki 4. Hoʻopau nā kāne keu ma ka lōʻihi o 10-22 cm, ke kaupaona nei ma kahi o 88 g i ka makahiki o 1-2 mau makahiki. Ma Iapana, a hiki i ka sims wahine ka wahine i ka wīwī, ke waiho nei i ka wai hou.
Hoʻomaka o Masu
Komo ia i nā kahe ma mua o nā salmon ʻē aʻe (i Mei-Iulai). Ke kuʻi nei i ka hopena o Iulai-Kepakemapa (ma ka hema a hiki i ʻOkakopa). Ke kiʻekiʻe o ka papa i ka lalo haʻahaʻa: hāʻule ʻo Amur i ka waena o Iulai, i ka hopena - i ka lua o Iulai o ka mua, ke kau o ʻAukake. Ke kualo nei i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka Amur mai ka hopena o Iulai. ʻO ka nui o nā hua manu ma ka awelika 3200 ʻokiʻoki. Ma ka moku ʻo Posyetsky, ʻoi aku ka papa ma Amur, ʻoi loa i ka hapalua o ʻAukake a i ka hopena o kēia mahina, e hoʻopau ana i ka hapalua o ka malama o Kepakemapa. Aia ka papa kuapo ma nā puʻu o nā kahawai. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Caviar i loko o nā ners ma nā ʻōpala pebble-silty. Ka awelika fecundity o 3.2 tausani hua. Ma hope o ka hoʻomoe puaʻa ʻana, make ka iʻa, nā mea ʻaleka hiki i kekahi hapa ke ola a holo i loko o ke kai.
Hoʻohui
Hoʻokumu ʻo Caviar i kahi lepo. ʻO ka wā incubation he 50-70 lā. Ma hope o 25-30 mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā wahi ʻino anu ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka palaoa, ʻike ʻia nā niho. Hele mai ka ʻōpio mai ka ʻāina ma Malaki-ʻApelila. I ka hopena o Iulai, hiki i nā wai keu ke nui o 40 mm. Hoʻomau ka Young Sims no ka manawa lōʻihi i loko o ka muliwai, ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki, hiki ke lōʻihi o ka 100 mm, i kekahi manawa 180-200 mm. I ka hapanui o kēia pā nui, ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino ka nui a 7-1 mau piʻokeʻo nui, 3 mau wahi nui ma nā kihi o nā kīʻaha hulahula, nā wahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma ke kua ma luna o nā kīwaha, ʻAʻohe ʻanohele nā hope, i kekahi manawa he wahi ʻeleʻele ma ke kumu o nā momona momona. Ke kiʻekiʻe ke kino, anal fin me ka tenderloin, e ʻoki ana me ka makahiki. Ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā Juveniles 50-60 mm i ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hapa pivotal o ka muliwai. I ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, ua ʻāpana hapa o nā wai wai i loko o ke kai. Hoʻomaka ʻo Stingray i loko o ke kai i ka pūnāwai.
ʻĀina waiwai
Ma Lūkia, liʻiliʻi ka sim. Ma ke Amur, aole i nui loa, aole ia i kakauia ma na kiki e pili ana i ka salmon a pink. Kāmela i ka wā o ka pae paʻa a me ka hoʻolei. ʻEkolu mau hapaha o ka hopu ʻia e ka ʻelele, ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi hapa o ka hopu i ka mākeke ma ka hau iʻe. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Caviar.
Nā Manaʻo:
1. Lebedev V.D., Spanovskaya V.D., Savvaitova K.A., Sokolov L.I., Tsepkin E.A. Nā iʻa USSR. Moscow, Thought, 1969
2. L. S. Berg. ʻO nā iʻa wai wai o ka USSR a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Māhele 1. ʻ 4.lelo 4. Moscow, 1948
3. Atlas o nā iʻa wai ma Rū: I mau makahiki 2. T.1. / Ed. Yu.S. Reshetnikova. -M .: Nauka, 2003 .-- 379 p.: Ill.