Palapala inoa Latin: | Haliaeetus |
Pelekane Pelekane: | No ka huahua |
Ke aupuni: | Nā holoholona |
ʻAno: | Kiʻi |
Kākau: | Nā manu |
Hoʻokomo ʻia: | ʻOiai Hawk-like |
Nā ʻohana: | Hawk |
Kaukaʻikaʻi: | Mau nā ʻEʻā |
ʻO ka lōʻihi kino: | 70-110 cm |
Ke loa lōʻihi | 38.6-43.4 cm |
Nā Wingspan: | No ka huahua |
Massa: | 3000-7000 g |
Hōʻike manu
ʻO Orlan ka manu nui a hanohano. ʻO kona loa kino kino mai 70 a 110 cm, ʻo nā wingpan he 2-2.5 m, ʻo ke kaumaha ma ka laulā mai 3 a 7 kg. He nui ka beak, pili, nā kāʻei a me nā ʻēheu ka laulā, ikaika nā wāwae, ʻaʻohe plumage, me nā kālai lōʻihi i kālai ʻia. Kūpono nā pale ma nā wāwae wāwae, kahi pono e mālama ai i ka manu i ka mea paʻakai (ʻoi aku hoʻi ka iʻa). He brown a plumage, me nā ʻāpana o ke kino he keʻokeʻo. Ma kekahi mau mea, loaʻa kahi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o ke poʻo, nā poʻohiwi, ka huelo, ka ʻokiʻoki. ʻĀnō he melemele.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻaeto hānai
ʻO ke kumu o ka meaʻai o ka ʻaeto he iʻa a me ka wai wai. ʻO ka mea pio o ka aeto e lilo i iʻa nui nui i ke kaupaona ʻana mai 2 a 3 kg (salmon, pike, carp), mai nā wai kokoke i ka wai ka manu e make ai nā manu, nā ʻuʻu, nā kuʻu, nā ihe, nā manu, flamingos. Nānā ka ʻaeto i nā mea pōpilikia mai nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole lele ma ka mokulele.
No ka ʻike ʻana i ka mea pio, ke hoʻokokoke koke nei ka mea nāna i hoʻopihapiha: ke hoʻopili ʻo ia i kona mau mākaʻu lōʻihi i loko o nā manu i ka lewa, a ke ʻeke kuhi nei i ka iʻa mai ka ihu o ka wai, ʻaʻole ia e heʻu i lalo. Inā he nui nā iʻa i ka wai, a laila a hiki i ʻumi ʻōpio hiki iā ia eʻimi i ka wahi hoʻokahi. Me kēlā mau puʻupuʻu like, e ʻaihue pinepine ai nā manu a lawe pio paha mai kekahi i kekahi.
Eia nō hoʻi, e ʻai ana nā ʻaeto i ke kalaka, ʻai i nā iʻa i loaʻa ma ke kahakai, nā ʻalā o ka deer, hares, beavers, muskrats, konani, nā kohola.
Pālahalaha manu
E hele nui aku nā keiki a loaʻa ʻole wale nō ma ʻA Antarctica a me ʻAmelika Hema wale nō. Noho kokoke nā manu o kēia ʻano pili i nā kino wai: ʻaʻole lākou e lele ma kahi o nā kahe o nā kahawai, nā loko, ke kai, a me ka ʻāina. ʻO kēia no ka lawe ʻana o nā eeto i kā lākou meaʻai nui i ka wai a i ʻole kokoke. He manu manu manu nā ʻaila, akā i nā anuanu anuanu, inā e hoʻokaʻawale nā loko, hoʻoneʻe i ka hema.
Hōʻeke ʻōpiopio keʻokeʻo (Haliaeetus leucogaster)
ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā kino wahine o kēia ʻano he 80 a 85 cm, mau kāne mai 75 a 77 cm. ʻO nā ʻēheu he 180-218 cm. Aia ka nui o nā pākeke mai 4 a 5 kg. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o ka ʻaeto keʻokeʻo i ke keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia ke poʻo, ka umauma, e uhi ana i nā hulu ma lalo o nā ʻēheu a me kahi ʻoi keʻokeʻo. He ʻeleʻele hoʻi ke kua a me nā ʻēheu mai luna. He pōkole, ka huluhulu. I nā manu ʻōpio, he enaena ke kala o ka plumage, ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo, ma o 5-6 mau makahiki.
Noho ka poʻe noho i nā kapakai o nā ʻāpana pili i ka ʻāina o Asia, New Guinea, Australia a me Tasmania.
Elele aku (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka manu mai 70 a 120 cm, ʻo nā eheu he 180-230 cm, ke kaupaona ʻana ke kaupaona mai 3 a 6.3 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne nui, like like me ka plumage. Ua pālahalaha nā ʻēheu, puni, ʻūhū o nā lōʻihi lōʻihi, ʻōnaehana. ʻO ka beak ka nui, ka mea paʻa, kīpē gula. Aia nā puʻu ma luna o nā kahe ʻapo o ke ʻōpala. ʻAʻohe hulu ka pale, ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Kōkele nā iris.
He keʻokeʻo ke poʻo a me ka huelo, ʻo ke koena o ka plumage o ka manu he ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pua ma ka hulu hina-ʻula. ʻO ka paioni mua o ka ʻōpio i kahi brown brown me nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma loko o nā ʻēheu a me nā poʻohiwi. Lohi ka plumage i like me ʻano, a hiki i ka makahiki 4 ke loaʻa he ʻano hiʻohiʻona makua.
Loaʻa kekahi ʻaeto bald ma Kanada a me USA, ʻaʻole aneane i Mexico. ʻ, ke komo ʻana o ka manu ma nā mokupuni o Saint-Pierre a me Miquelon. No ke ola, makemake ʻo ia i nā kahakai o nā moana, nā mea kanu, nā loko nui a i ʻole nā muliwai. Pili ke kauā manawa i ka manawa i loaʻa ai nā kaila i nā wahi i noho ai kēlā me kēia o ka nui o ka lehulehu.
ʻO ka ʻaʻe hau o Honoeetus (Haliaeetus pelagicus)
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā ʻano he 105-112 cm, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheʻe mai ka 57 a 68 cm, ke kaupaona mai 7.5 a 9 kg. ʻO ka plumage o nā manu pākeke e hoʻohui pū i kahi kala kala ʻulaʻula me ke keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka lae, nā wāwae ʻuʻuku, nā pale liʻiliʻi a me nā uhi liʻiliʻi, a ʻoi aku ka keʻokeʻo ʻehā, he keʻokeʻo ke koena o ke kino. I nā manu ʻōpiopio, ua hōʻike ʻia nā kohu ocherous, e nalowale ma mua o ka 3 makahiki o kona mau makahiki. He palaʻulaʻula ka iris, he melemele ka palahala, ka lapalapa, nā wāwae he polele nā ʻeleʻele.
He mea maʻamau ka ʻano ma Kamchatka, ma nā kapakai o ke kai o Okhotsk, ma ka ʻaoʻao o Koryak Plateau, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻo Amur, ma Sakhalin, Shantar a me Kuril, ma Korea.
Pākuʻi manu ʻulaʻula (Haliaeetus albicilla)
ʻO ka ʻaeto keʻokeʻo ʻehā ka manu ʻehā nui o ka manu ma ka ʻekena. ʻO kona loa kino kino mai 70 a 90 cm, nā wingpan e pili ana i 2 m, ʻo ke kaumaha he 4-7 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wahine ma mua o nā kāne. He pōkole, ka huluhulu. ʻEleʻele nā pākeke me ke poʻo melemele a me ka ʻāʻī, a me kahi ʻula keʻokeʻo. He ikaika ka beak, ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Paʻula ka lua. ʻAʻole lei hulu nā kahu. ʻEleʻele nā manu ʻōpala me kahi beak ʻeleʻele uliuli.
Luku Hōʻea (Haliaeetus leucoryphus)
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka manu mai ka 72 a he 84 cm, nā parirau he 180-205 cm. ʻO ka paona o nā wahine, mai 2.1 a 3.7 kg, i nā kāne ka 2-3.3 kg. He ʻōlaula keʻokeʻo kahi manu, he keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele nā ʻēheu, a ulaula ka kua. ʻEleʻele ke kāʻei me kahi kāʻei keʻokeʻo i waenakonu. ʻO ka ulu ʻōpiopio ka monophonic, ʻeleʻele ʻole, ʻaʻohe kapa o ka ʻili.
ʻO ka wahi o nā mea e pili ana i ka Central Asia, mai Caspian a me Tano ʻeleʻele, ʻo Kazakhstan a me Mongolia a me nā mauna Himalayan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh. Wahi a nā ʻōiwi i ka hapa migratory.
Orlan Screamer (Haliaeetus vocifer)
He manu nui ka nui me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o 63 a 57 cm, nā ʻēheu a hiki i 210 cm. Ua nui ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne a kaupaona ʻia mai 3.2 a 3.6 kg, aʻo nā mea hope loa he 2 i 2,5 kg. He keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha ka poʻo i ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, ke ʻili, ka umauma o luna a i hope. ʻEleʻele nā hulu i nā ʻeleʻele o nā ʻēheu. He melemele ka beak, ʻeleʻele ma ke kī, he ʻeleʻele nā wāwae.
Loaʻa nā ʻano holoholona ma Sub-Saharan Africa ma nā kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 1000 m ma mua o ke kai, kokoke i nā kino wai.
Koi nui
He mau manu manu nā manu e noho nei, e noho nei i ʻelua, noho ke kahe o kēlā kai i mau makahiki he nui, kahi i kūkulu ai nā manu i kā lākou pūnana ma luna o ka lāʻau kiʻekiʻe.
ʻIke ʻia nā ʻuʻu ʻalā ma nā lāʻau make a i ko lākou piko maloʻo, me ke ola ʻana i nā lālā nīneʻe e kū ʻole i ka nui o ka nui. ʻO kona kiko he 1.5 a 3 m, ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe he 1 m, a ʻo kona paona ua hiki i ka 1 t. ʻO ka nui o ka pūnana e ʻike nui ana i nā paona 2.7 t. Hana ʻia ka wahine i ka pūnana, a lawe mai ke kāne i kāna mea kūkulu hale. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻonui nā ʻōlau a hoʻopau i kā lākou pūnana.
ʻO ka wā hana no ka ʻaeto e hele ana i ka lā Malaki a ʻApelila. I kēia manawa, lele nā mea i ka wa e lele ana i nā mokulele, ʻo nā hoa i ka lewa e hoʻopili i kā lākou mau lehelehe a lele i ka ʻāina, e huli ana i kāna koi.
Ma kahi pākuhi, kahi 1 a 3 mau hua kaila, kahi i hoʻolele ʻia mai 34 a 38 mau lā. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā huaʻōlelo, uhi ʻia i loko o ke keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻohe kōkua. Mālama ka wahine iā lākou, aʻo ka kāne ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai - iʻa a me ka iʻa. Mai ka brood, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e ola ana kekahi pēpē, ka mea nui loa a ikaika loa. I ka piha ʻana o 3 mau mahina, lilo nā ʻalā ʻōpiopio i nā ʻēheu, akā no kekahi mau mahina ke noho nei lākou ma hope o ko lākou mau mākua.
Loaʻa nā ʻōpio āpau i nā wā'ōpio a hiki i nā makahiki 4. ʻO ko lākou ola olakino e pili ana i 20 mau makahiki ma ka wao nahele, a i ke pio ʻana - a hiki i 50 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻike e pili ana i ka manu
- ʻO ka ʻEkō ke keʻokeʻo ka inoa ʻo ia ka hōʻailona mana o ka mokuʻāina o Selangor a me ka Buderi National Park (Jervis Bay). Ua kau ʻia ke kiʻi o ka manu ma ka panakō o Singapore (10,000 kālā o Singapore).
- Mai ka makahiki 1782, lilo ka ʻaeto ma ka manuʻāina manuʻala o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua kau ʻia kona mau kiʻi ma luna o ke kapa o nā lima, ka pelekikena pelekikena, nā panakō, nā kīnē o nā hui aupuni.
- ʻO Orlan-krikun - ka hōʻailona o ka nūhou o Zambia, ua kau ʻia kona kiʻi ma ka hae, ka palaka o ka lima a me nā waihona kālā o ka ʻāina. Eia kekahi, ua hōʻike ʻia ka manu ma luna o ke kapa o nā lima o Namibia a me South Sudan.
- Ma muli o kona nui nui, ua kākau inoa i nā nawa o nā aeto ma ka Guinness Book of Records.
- No nā makahiki he ʻelua i hala iho nei, ua emi ka nui o ka heluna o nā ʻaeto ma muli o kā lākou luku nui ʻana a me ka hana hoʻomehana kanaka. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o DDT no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pōʻino pepeke make i hoʻopilikia maoli i nā manu. I ka United States, ua hana ʻia nā kānāwai i pāpā i ka papa ʻana i ka pepehi ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻaeto. ʻO ke kāpae ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea iniseti a me nā mea palekana e alakaʻi ai i kahi hou o ka manu.
ʻAeto poʻe e keʻokeʻo ana
Ke nānā nei i nā manu predator, kekahi mea makemake i ka mahalo i ko lākou mana, uila uila a me ke kiaʻi maikaʻi loa. Ma ka waena waena keeto ʻōlule keʻokeʻo manaʻo me kona ʻano nani. Ma kahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o waho o kēia mau manu, aia kekahi mau nuances hoihoi e pili ana i kā lākou hana koʻikoʻi. E hoʻāliʻi e noiʻi ʻano like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā aila ʻulaʻula, kahi hiki ke palekana palekana aristocrats celestial.
ʻO ka kumu o ke ʻano a me ka wehewehe
ʻO ka ʻaeto keʻokeʻo he lei hulu manu nona ka ʻohana hawk, ke ʻano o ka hawk-like a me ka ʻano ʻano o nā aeto. Ma ka laulā, ʻo nā ʻaeto āpau he mau wahi nui nui. ʻO kā lākou ʻokoʻa nui mai nā ʻaeto kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka tarsus (ʻaʻohe uhi uhi hulu). ʻO ka lalo o nā manamana lima o ka manu i hoʻopili ʻia me nā pupu liʻiliʻi e kōkua ai i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻai (ʻo ka iʻa nui).
ʻO ka Ornithologists e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano he 8 mau aeto, kahi i kākau ʻia ʻo ka ʻaeto keʻokeʻo e nānā ʻia e mākou. Maʻalahi e kuhi ka inoa o ka manu no ka mea he hulu hulu keokeo. ʻO ka noho ʻana o kēia ʻano ʻuʻulu e pili mau ana i nā wai ākea ka wai, no laila e loaʻa ke kuʻi ʻia ʻana i kēia mea i ʻike ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ke kai, he nui nā loko wai, nā loko nui. ʻAʻole no kēlā me kēia mea i ka unuhi ʻana mai ka Elimia etymology o ka hua'ōlelo "eagle" e kū ana no "kaeto moana".
Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻAoʻi Pūnaewele: Ke manu manu ʻōpiopio keʻokeʻo
ʻO ka ʻaeto keʻokeʻo ka nui o ka iʻa, he nui ke kino, he kui nui, he lōʻihi a lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi a i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e nānā ʻia. ʻAno like nā kala o nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea mua i nā wahine. ʻO ka nui o nā kāne mai ka 3 a i 5.5 kg, nā wahine mai 4 a 7 7 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka ʻaeto he 60 a 98 cm, a ʻo kona mau ʻēheu ka mea e lilo ai i lōʻihi lōʻihi (mai 190 a 250 cm). ʻO kēia mau manu i ʻōlelo ʻūlū ʻia me nā pale manu harem e uhi i ka tibiae; ʻaʻohe ʻano oho i lalo o ka talus. Maʻa loa nā ikaika o ka pao, ma kā lākou mea kaua i ka waiwai, he nui, a me nā kime hoahu e like me ka mea ʻole e haʻaheʻe.
ʻO ka kala o ka plumage i nā manu pākuʻi he background heterogeneous i hiki ke hoʻololi i ka brown i ka fawn, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ma muli o ka ʻike o nā hulu ma ka waihona kumu ʻeleʻele loa a nānā aku nā kukui o ko lākou kihi. Ke neʻe nei i kahi kokoke i ke poʻo o ke poʻo, ka māmā ka ʻāpana o ka ʻaeto, aneane keʻokeʻo ma ke poʻo ponoʻī. ʻO kaʻeleʻele o nā hulu o ka hulu, ʻōpū a me nā pua hoʻi e ʻeleʻele ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao o ka manu nui. ʻO ka huelo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hoʻohanohano e pili ana i nā naduhvil, ka hele a me nā ʻēheu.
ʻAʻole nunui nā maka o kahi aeto, a hiki i kā lākou iris ke:
- keʻokeʻo kukui
- ʻulaʻulaala
- ʻōpala
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
No kēia kumu, kapa pinepine ʻia nā eeto i ka maka gula. ʻO ke kala o nā ʻāpana manu a me ka beak nui e paʻa nui ana ka ʻulaʻula hoʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻEleʻele ka kala o nā holoholona ʻōpiopio ma mua o nā hoahānau makua. ʻO kaʻeleʻele ka pale o kā lākou iris, ka ʻili a me ka beak. ʻIke ʻia kekahi mau inoa lōʻihi i ka ʻōpū, a i ʻike ʻia ke ʻano kinikini ma luna o ka huelo. Ma hope o kēlā me kēia molt, lilo nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio i like me nā manu makua. ʻAno wale nō i ka wā e lilo ai nā manu i ka ulu a nānā lākou i nā ʻano like me nā ʻaeto makua. ʻAʻole ola kēia ma mua o nā makahiki ʻelima a ʻoi aku i hope.
No laila, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻaeto ʻelemakule mai nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ke ʻano o kahi huelo keʻokeʻo a me kahi poʻo māmā, ke kua a me ka ʻaukā. Ke nānā nei ka ʻaeto e noho pōkole, nunui a lahilahi inā kūlike i ka ʻaeto. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻōpala, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke poʻo keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi ʻaeto hoʻokeo keʻokeʻo mai kahi ʻaeto gula e ke kāʻei lima i ka palena puʻupuʻu a me nā pua nui aʻe.
ʻAuhea e noho ai ka ʻaeto keʻokeʻo?
Kuhi kiʻi: ʻEpau ʻApelika Ke keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele
Ma Eurasia, ʻoi ka nui o ka māhele ʻāpana o ka aeto ʻulaʻula, i uhi ʻia ʻo Scandinavia, Denemaka, ke awāwa ʻo Elbe, hiki aku i Czech Republic, Hungary, a me Slowakia. Noho ka manu me nā Balkans, ke kuhikuhina Anadyr, Kamchatka, e noho ana ma ke kahakai o ka Pākīpika i hikina o Asia. I ke ʻākau, ua pio ʻia ka noho ʻana o nā ʻaeto e Norewai, ʻo Kola Peninsula (ʻākau ʻākau), ʻo Timan Tundra, Yamal (kēkēleka ʻāina) e hoʻonui aku ana i ka Pahu ʻo Gydan, e hoʻokokoke ana i nā waha o Pesina a me Yenisei, nā eʻe o ka Lena a me Khatanga i noho ai. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana o kā lākou ʻāpana ʻākau he Chidge, a he ʻona paha kona māka.
Ma nā ʻāina i ka ʻaoʻao hema, ua koho nā aila ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo:
- Helene a me Asia Minor,
- akau o Iran a me Iraq,
- ʻO ka lalo o ka Amu Darya,
- ma ka ʻākau o Kina,
- ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka moku'āina ʻo Mongoli,
- Penikala ʻia ʻo Korea.
E makemake ana nā ʻōlepa ule Greenland iā Greenland (ʻaoʻao komohana), i kēia mau manu ʻai manu e noho nei ma nā wahi o nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: I ke kūkulu ʻākau, i manaʻo ʻia ka ʻaeto he migratory, ma ke kūkulu hema a i waena o ka waena waena - i noho a ʻūlū paha. ʻO nā holoholona liʻiliʻi loa mai ka waena waena i ka hoʻoilo ke hele ma hema, aʻo nā mea iʻike a makua a me nā pākeke e noho paʻa i ka hoʻoilo, me ka hopohopo ʻole e hōʻuluʻulu wale nā loko.
ʻO ko mākou ʻāina, ʻo ka noho hou ʻana o nā ʻaila ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo ma kona ʻāina kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ubiquitous. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā manu me ka mahalo i ke kūlike e nānā ʻia ana ma nā wahi ākea o ka Lake Baikal, ke Kai o Azov a me ke Kai Caspian. Hoʻopili pinepine nā ʻatikala i nā ʻuʻu kokoke i nā ʻāpana wai o nā kaona i kahi nui o nā kai wai i loko o kahi kai nui, kahi waiwai lākou i loaʻa i ka meaʻai.
He aha kahi mea e ʻai ai ka ʻaeto keʻokeʻo?
Kuhihewa: Bird of Prey White-tailed Eagle
ʻO keʻano o ka papa ʻaina keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, e like me ka mea i loaʻa i kēia manu nui. ʻO ia, no ka hapa nui, i nā iʻa iʻa, ʻaʻohe no ia mea i kapa ʻia ʻo kēia manu e ʻaʻā moana. I loko o kaʻai o ka meaʻai, i ka mua o ka iʻa no ka hanohano, maʻamau, hopu nā eagles i nā mea nui ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau kilo. ʻAʻole paʻa ka makemake ʻia nā manu i ka loiloi o ka iʻa, ke pāʻani lāʻau (ʻelua ʻāina a me nā manu) he mea ʻono nō hoʻi i ka ʻono o nā aeto, a i ka hoʻoilo koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻowahāwahā ʻia e ka ʻula.
Eia kekahi, i nā iʻa, ʻoliʻoli nui ka ʻōpū.
Hiki i nā lawaiʻa manu ke ʻokoʻa, hilinaʻi wale ia i kekahi ʻano o ka hopu a me kona nui. Hiki i ka ʻaeto ke hōʻake kūpono pololei i ka wā o ka lele, hiki iā ia ke kākele i ka mea i luna mai luna mai, ke nānā ʻana iā ia i ke kiʻekiʻe. He mea maʻamau ka nānā ʻana o nā manu i kahi mea i hiki mai ka puʻu ke hopu aku iā lākou i kahi pio. Ke noho nei nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e noho ana i nā hepoki i nā gophers kiaʻi, nā marmots a me nā kiole molole kokoke i kā lākou minks Hānō nā ʻōlio wikiwiki i nā lele e holo nei i ka lele. Hoʻoweliweli ka wai maoli i ka ʻaeto a hoʻohemo ʻia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻAi ʻia ka ʻai ʻōpio i nā holoholona maʻi, nawaliwali a me nā holoholona kahiko. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻāina i waho a me nā iʻa aʻai, hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā manu i ka ulu ʻana o nā loko. Mai poina e ʻai ana lākou i ka kalima, no laila hiki iā lākou ke koho pono ʻia i nā ʻalani manu like ʻole. ʻĀpono ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻepekema i ka kaʻe o ka ʻili keʻokeʻo e hana i ka hana nui o ka mālama pono ʻana i ke kaulike o nā koi i loko o kēlā mau biotopes ma kahi o lākou e noho ai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me nā ʻano hana
Kuhihewa: ʻEkē keokeo-ihe ʻia ma ka lele
ʻO ka ʻaeto ʻōpiopio keʻa ʻehā i ka ʻehā pihi ʻehā e pili ana i ka nui ma ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa. I mua ona: he manu lele keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, he ʻumiʻumi a he ʻeleʻele uliuli.He monogamous nā ʻili keʻokeʻo, ma nā pōkole lākou e noho ai i mau makahiki he mau makahiki ma ka ʻāina like, e hiki ke lōʻihi ma kahi o 25 a 80 km. Mālama ka mālama ʻana o ka ʻohana eeto i kā lākou mau waiwai mai nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma keʻano maʻamau, pono ke hoʻomaopopo he ʻano koʻikoʻi ke ʻano o kēia mau manu, ʻoiai me kā lākou mau kōhua ʻaʻole lākou hopohopo no ka lōʻihi a hiki koke iā lākou ke ola kūʻokoʻa i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai lākou e lawe i ka ʻēheu.
Ke ʻimi nei nā ʻīlio eʻa i ka iʻa, ke nānā pono lākou i ka ʻai a hika i lalo koke e hopu iā ia me nā puʻupuʻu ikaika i ko lākou mau wāwae. Hiki i ka mea predator ke hūnā no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻalua i ka wai o ka wai e hopu i ka iʻa mai ka hohonu, kāohi paʻa wau i kēia kūlana. I ka lele, ʻaʻole like me ka ʻaeto a ʻano wikiwiki e like me ka hingcons a me ka ʻaeto. A hoʻohālikelike ʻia me lākou, nānā lākou i ka mea kaumaha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa pinepine. Piʻi kā lāua mau ʻēheu a aneane ʻaʻole ʻano ʻili o nā ʻaeto.
He ʻano ʻaeto e noho ana ma luna o kahi lālā i like me ka ʻaʻe, a e hoʻohiolo ana i kona poʻo a me kahi plumage heʻe. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka leo o nā aeto e ka hoʻōho kiʻekiʻe. A ke kānalua nei ka mea i ka manu, uʻi hou aʻe kā lākou uwe me ka hele ʻana o kekahi creak metal. ʻO kekahi manawa kekahi mau ʻano ʻaeto e ʻoki ana i ka duet. Hoʻololi nā manu ma nā ʻalā, e hoʻolei i ko lākou poʻo.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻenehana a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi ʻAi: ʻEleʻele-ʻeleʻa i kā Russia ma Lūkia
E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ʻo nā poʻe ʻokiʻaga e kākoʻo i nā pilina mare ikaika, e hoʻohua ana i nā kāne no ke ola. Hoʻomoe kūleʻa kahi ʻohana manu ʻohana no ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi mahana a hoʻi i ka ʻohana puʻuwai aloha, ʻike ʻia kēia i ka lā Malaki a ʻApelila. ʻO ka nahele kahi o nā aeto i waiwai no nā manu, kahi e noho ai lākou i ko lākou ola a pau, e kūkulu ana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ko lākou noho, inā pono. E koho ʻo nā ʻaila i nā wahi i nīnū ai e pili ana i nā kumulāʻau e ulu ana me ka wai a me nā kahawai, aiʻole ma nā pali a me nā pōhaku, e kokoke ana i ka wai.
E hana i kahi nīnū, nā mea hoʻihoʻi manu i hoʻohana i nā lālā laulā, a ʻo ka lalo i lalo i ka ʻili, nā lālā ʻoki ʻoki, nā ʻōpala o ka mauʻu, ka hulu. Kūkulu ʻia kēlā ʻano pāhuli ulu nui ma kahi ʻano ākea ākea a i ʻole ma ka palena o kahi lālā. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu nui ka kiʻekiʻe o ka waiho ʻana, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia mai 15 a 25 m, ke pale aku nei i nā moa mai nā wahi mai ka lepo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: Ke kūkulu ʻia nei ka pā a puni, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i hoʻokahi mika ka lōʻihi, akā i loko o nā makahiki ua lilo ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka paʻakikī, e hoʻonui iki ʻia e kekahi mau manawa. Hiki i ka hoʻolālā maʻalahi ke hāʻule i lalo o kona mau kala ponoʻī, no laila ʻo ke kahe ʻokeo keʻokeʻo e hoʻomaka e kūkulu i hale hou.
Hiki i ka wahine ke waiho mai 1 a 3 mau huaʻai, maʻa pinepine he 2. ʻO ka ʻihi o ke kihi ke keʻokeʻo, aia paha he mau ʻoka manu ma luna. ʻAno nui ka nui e kūpono i nā manu. Loaʻa lākou i ka lōʻihi o 7 - 8 cm.ʻehā mau lōʻihi o ka hatching. Kahi ʻia nā huaʻōlelo i nā manawa Mei. No nā mahina ʻekolu, e mālama nā mākua i ka hua, kahi nui ke mālama pono i ko lākou kahu. Aia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mahina o ke kauwela hope loa, e hoʻomaka ana nā ʻōpio'ōpio i ka eheu, a kokoke i ka hopena o Kepakemapa ua haʻalele lākou i kahi kikowaena makua, e noho ana no kahi pākeke, kūʻokoʻa, kahi i kūlohelohe ai nā makahiki 25 a 27 mau makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻOiai hiki ke ola i nā eʻe keokeo ʻulaʻula i ke pio ʻana ke ola no ka 40 mau makahiki.
Nā kūlohelohe kūlohelohe o ka ʻEleʻele-White i ʻōlelo ʻia
Ma muli o ka nui o ka ʻaila keʻokeʻo i ka ʻulaʻula nui a me ka nui o ka manu pua me ka puhā pīhoihoi a me nā ʻūhā puʻuwai, ʻaʻole i aneane ʻole ia he mau poʻe maʻi maʻi i ka nahele. Akā i kēia hiki wale ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā manu makua, akā nā pēpē hou, nā holoholona ʻōpio mua ʻole a me nā hua aeto e ʻoi loa ka maʻi a hiki ke hele mai i nā holoholona hihiu ʻē aʻe i hū ʻole i ka ʻai ʻana iā lākou.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka poʻe akamai o Sakhalin i ka nui o nā manu manu ʻehā mai nā wāwae ʻulaʻula, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau ʻōpala ma ka ʻili o nā kumulāʻau e noho ai nā aeto. Ua hōʻike ʻia ma ka 2005 ua hao ʻia kahi bea ʻehā e pili ana i ka hapalua o nā home o ka manu, a laila ua luku ʻia kā lākou hua. Hiki i nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana marten ke neʻe piʻo ʻana i ka kumulāʻau lāʻau, hiki ke hana ʻia nā ʻaihue me nā mea huki. Hiki ke hōʻeha nā manu Crane i ka masonry.
He mea pōʻino, ʻo kekahi o nā ʻenemi hewa loa a hiki i ka wā i hala aku nei he kanaka nāna, i ka waena o ka kenekulia hope, ua hoʻomaka i ka luku ʻia ʻana o kēia mau manu nani, e noʻonoʻo nei iā lākou ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokūkū nui no ka mālama ʻana i ka iʻa a me ka muskrats. I kēia kaua like ʻole, ua nui ka nui o nā ʻaeto he nui wale nō i make, akā ua luku ʻia kā lākou masonry a me nā moa. I kēia manawa ua hoʻololi ke kūlana, ua hoʻokūkū ka poʻe i nā White Tails e like me kā lākou mau hoa.
ʻO nā like āpau, hoʻomau ka manu i nā hana a ke kanaka, e hāʻule ana i loko o nā pahele a nā mea ʻenemi e hana ana i nā holoholona ʻē (a ʻo 35 mau manu make i hoʻokahi makahiki no kēia). ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo nā ʻano nui o nā hui mākaʻikaʻi e hoʻoneʻe i nā manu e neʻe i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, kahi e hoʻopilikia kino i kā lākou ola. Eia nō kekahi mea e hopohopo nei ka pīhoihoi kanaka maʻalahi no ka mea, no ka mea ua hoʻolei koke ka manu i kāna masonry inā hoʻopā kekahi iā ia, ʻaʻole naʻe e hoʻouka hou i ka biped iā ia iho.
Ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano
ʻAoʻi Pūnaewele: Ke manu manu ʻōpiopio keʻokeʻo
Me ke kūlana o ka heluna o nā aila ʻōiwi keʻokeʻo, ʻokoʻa nā mea, kahi i manaʻo ʻia ai he ʻano maʻamau, i nā wahi ʻē aʻe - paʻakikī. I ʻEulopa, ua manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻaeto i sporadic, i.e. hoʻokaʻawale Aia kahi hōʻike e pili ana i ka 7,000 mau manu lele manuahi i nā panalāʻau o Rūsia a me Norewai, ʻo 55 ka nui o ka nui o ka heluna manu ʻEulopa.
Hōʻike ka hōʻike Europa i ka nui o nā huina e hoʻonui ana i ka neʻe mai ka 9 a hiki i ka 12.3 tausani, ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia me 18 - 24.5 mano kanaka makua. Uaʻike nā poʻe ʻepekemaʻepekema i ka nohona ka nui o nā ʻōlima keʻokeʻo i ke kino, akā naʻe, ke hoʻonui nei. ʻOiai me kēia mau mea nui, he nui nā mea maikaʻiʻole o ka hoʻolālā anthropogen i kahi hopena hoʻopōʻino i ka noho ʻana o kēia mau manu ikaika.
E pili ana kēia:
- ka hemo ana a me ka alawai o nā ʻōpala,
- ka nanea o nā pilikia holoʻokoʻa,
- e ʻoki ana i nā kumulāʻau kahiko e makemake ai nā aeto i ka nūnū.
- wawaola kanaka i kūlohelohe biotopes,
- lawa ʻole ka nui o ka meaʻai e pili pū ana me kahi mea hopu i kekahi i nā iʻa.
Pono e hoihoi ʻia a ʻike ʻia i kekahi mau ʻāina a me nā ʻāina, he mau aheʻe o nā aeto nā manu, no laila, pono lākou i nā hana palekana e kōkua ʻia e kekahi e hoʻolako iā lākou.
Ke kahu kiaʻi
Kuhi kiʻi: ʻEliu-ʻae ʻia mai ka Red Red Book
E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, ʻaʻole i like ka nui o nā ʻōpū keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻāpana o nā wahi ʻē aʻe, aia ma kekahi mau wahi he catastrophically liʻiliʻi, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke ʻano ʻē aʻe, kahi hōʻuluʻulu nui o nā mea lele ʻeuʻeu e ʻike ʻia. Inā mākou e huli i ka wā i hala aku nei, a laila ma ka 80s o ka kenekulia hope ua emi loa ka nui o kēia mau manu ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, akā i ka manawa i hoʻomohala ʻia nā hana pale i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kūlana, a i kēia manawa ʻaʻole ke manaʻo ʻia nā ʻaeto.
Palapala ʻia ka ʻaeto māhule keokeo ma ka ʻĀina Kauoha IUCN, kahi i loaʻa ai ke ʻano o "ka hopohopo liʻiliʻi" ma muli o ka laulā o ka noho hou ʻana. Ma ka ʻāpana o kā mākou ʻāina, ua hōʻike ʻia hoʻi ka ʻaeto keʻokeʻo i ka ʻāpana ʻulaʻula o Lūkia, kahi i loaʻa ai ke ʻano o nā ʻano līlona. ʻO nā mea nui e hoʻopulapula ʻia ana nā ʻano kanaka like ʻole, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ai i nā wahi kūpono no ka hana ʻana, ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻano wai like ʻole, a me ka huki ʻana i nā manu mai nā wahi paʻa. Ma muli o ka poaching, ʻaʻole lawa nā ʻai o nā manu, hāʻule lākou i loko o ka mauhelehele, make lākou no ka mea i mea hoʻopiʻi ka poʻe ʻauhau waiwai. Make ʻia nā ʻōiwi ma muli o ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea make i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻO nā hana mālama e pili pono ana i ka hopena maikaʻi i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka poʻe manu e pono ke hoʻopili:
- ʻaʻole hoʻolimalima kanaka i nā biotopes kūlohelohe,
- ka ʻike ʻana i nā wahi e pili ana i nā aeto a me kā lākou komo ʻana i nā papa inoa o nā wahi i mālama ʻia,
- ka pale o nā manu a me nā mea hihiu ma nā wahi i waho
- hoʻonui i nā uku no ka poni,
- kau ʻoi aku ka makahiki keu o nā manu hoʻoilo,
- ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā kamaʻilio wehewehe i waena o ka poʻe i kū ʻole ke kanaka i ka pili o ka manu, ʻo ia nō ka manaʻo o ka ʻālike.
I ka hopena, makemake wau e hoʻohui i ka liʻiliʻi ma ka liʻiliʻi keeto ʻōlule keʻokeʻo a me ka ikaika, ikaika a ikaika hoʻi, pono no ia e mālama pono i nā pilina kanaka, mālama a mālama hoʻi. ʻO ka nui o kēia mau manu nani a hanohano, a me kā lākou mana, dexterity a me nā kiaʻi e hoʻowalewale a hāʻawi mai i ka ikaika. Lawe mai nā ʻōlapa he nui i nā mea pono i ke kūlohelohe, e hana nei me nā ʻōlima winged. Ke manaʻolana ia e lilo nā kānaka no kēia mau mea ulana hulu, a i ʻole, ʻaʻole e hoʻopōʻino iā lākou.