Hoʻohui maʻamau
Kāne kāne ʻo ka mea hou i loko o nā lole maʻamau a me nā ʻaina
Kahi ʻano ʻepekema

• ʻO Lacerta vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758
• Lacerta aquatica Linnaeus, 1758
• ʻO Lacerta palustris Linnaeus, 1758
• Triton palustris Laurenti, 1768
• Triton parisinus Laurenti, 1768
• Salamandra exigua Laurenti, 1768
• Gecko triton Meier, 1795
• Gecko aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Salamandra taeniata Schneider, 1799
• Salamandra palustris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• ʻO Salamandra ʻōpū Latreille, 1800
• Salamandra punctata Latreille, 1800
• ʻO Lacerta triton Retzius, 1800
• Salamandra nani Daudin, 1803
• Molge punctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
• ʻO Molge palustris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Molge cinerea Merrem, 1820
• Triton taeniatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Lacerta taeniata (Linnaeus, 1758)
• ʻO ka ʻōpū Triton (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Triton vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Triton aquaticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Triton punctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Molge taeniata (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Salamandra vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Salamandra lacepedii Andrzejowski, 1832
• Triton exiguus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Punissatus Lissotriton (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Lachinus punctatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Triton laevis Higginbottom, 1853
• Pylexia punctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Molge vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• ʻO Gekko ho'āʻorus Schreiber, 1912
• Triton hoffmanni Szeliga-Mierzeyewksi lāua ʻo Ulasiewicz, 1931
• Lophinus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Triturus vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Hoʻohui maʻamau (lat. Lissotriton vulgaris) - ke ʻano maʻamau o nā mea hou mai ke ʻano o nā mea liʻiliʻi.Lissotriton) kauoha e caudate amphibians. Ua wehewehe mua ʻia kēia mau ʻano i ka makahiki 1758 e ke kanaka kūlohelohe o Karl Linnaeus.

ʻO keʻano

ʻO ka mana kuʻuna maʻamau ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi hou loa, ka loa o ke kino mai 7 a 11 cm, e komo me ka huelo, ʻo ia ka hapalua o ka loa o ke kino. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻokoʻa ma nā wahine, ʻo ka hapanui o nā ʻokoʻa he nui i hōʻike ʻia i ka wā hana. I ka manawa o kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia nā kāne o ka wahine hou o ka dorsal crest. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa, ʻo ke kāne a me nā wahine a me kekahi.

Maikaʻi a ʻili liʻiliʻi paha ka ʻili. Paʻa ʻalani a ʻulaʻula paha ke kino o ke kino, ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha ka ʻōpū o nā ʻōpū me nā pōʻeleʻele, nā ʻāpana male.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka mea hou kahi lei ʻulaʻula ʻē aʻe i ke kaula lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā maka ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke poʻo ma mua o nā wahi i koe. Kuhi pinepine nā mea maʻamau maʻamau me nā tritons nitrous (Lissotriton helveticus), he mea hiki ke unambiguously hoʻoholo i nā ʻano ma o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahi pōkole ma ka ʻāʻī - ua hele lākou i ka nitrite-lawe newt. ʻAno o ka manuahi i kahi mea ʻole i ke kumu o ka huelo, e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka mea hou.

Pili ka ola i ke kūlana kūlohelohe a hiki i ka 6 mau makahiki a ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki i ka noho pio ʻana.

Ka hoʻokūkū ola

I ke kumu mua, mai Malaki a ʻApelila, hoʻi e poʻo i nā wai wai. ʻO ke kūleʻa maʻamau e kū mālie loa i nā wela haʻahaʻa. ʻO kekahi mau manawa i ʻike ʻia nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano i loko o ke kino o ka wai i uhi ʻia i ke kō ka wai.

Aneane koke ma hope o ke ala ʻana, hoʻomaka nā mea hou e hoʻonui. Hoʻololi ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona o nā mea hou i ka manawa o ka māla launa - ʻo ke ʻano o nā wahine i ʻoi aku ka mālamalama, nā kāne ma ke kua mai ke kua a i ke poʻo a hiki i ka hopena o ka huelo e hoʻomohala ai i kahi pōkole a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi ʻana i ka pūhaka, a waiwai i nā moku capillary a lawelawe ʻia he organ respiratory hou. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hana like e nā membrane ma ka wāwae. Holo ka laina polū ma lalo o ka papahele.

Lawe ke kāne i ka hoihoi o ka wahine me kahi moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi - hana ʻo ia i nā neʻe like-ʻano like me kona huʻu. ʻO ka mea hoihoi i ka wahine, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokuke ai i kahi spermatophore, nāna e koho i kahi cesspool. Pākuʻi ʻia ʻo Fertilization ma loko o ke kino o ka wahine.

Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, hoʻomaka ka wahine wahine e waiho i kā lākou hua ma luna o lākou iho, ma kahi o 10 mau huaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā, no ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, he mau haneli hua (e like me nā kumuwaiwai, mai 60 a 700). ʻO ka nui o nā hua mai ka 2 a me 3 mm, o ke ʻano ka oval. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia hua ma nā lau o lalo o nā mea kanu.

Ma hope o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau wiki (e pili ana i ke ana o ka wai), ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpio o ka nui o ka hapalua wale nō he kenima. Hoʻokomo ʻo nā ʻōpū i nā namu a me nā pahu liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻano pākeke o ka mea hou, ka mea aloha i ka larva e loaʻa me ke kōkua o nā ʻili o waho. ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ke aniani i ka hopena metamorphosis i ka hopena o ke kauwela, akā aia mau hihia i ka wā i waiho ai nā lolo i nā wai wai a hiki mai i ka puna wai, a me nā hihia o ka hoʻolālā neotenic o ka larvae.

Hiki i nā tritons nā'ōpio ke molhe i nā manawa he nui i ke kauwela. Hoʻohana i ka pō, hūnā ma ke ao.

ʻO Puberty i kahi mea hou loa e kū nei i nā makahiki 3 o kona mau makahiki. ʻO ka hoʻoilo, hōʻaiʻē nā makahiki i ka ʻūmole i hūnā ʻia i nā lau hāʻule, burrows, basement.

Ke noho maʻamau

Noho ua nui ia i ka wai, ʻo ka hapanui i ka wā mālama. - i loko o nā wahi pāpaku me ka wai ʻole o ka wai poʻi a i ʻole nāhe wai ʻole (loko, nā wai, nā ʻona). Loaʻa ia ma nā paka, nā awāwa muliwai. Hoʻohālikelike nā holoholona i nā nahele i nā ʻāina kahawai i ka lōʻihi ʻole o ka ulu lāʻau nalo. I kekahi manawa aia nā loea ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻāina mahiʻai, i loko o nā māla a hiki i nā māla lāʻau. Ma ka ʻāina, e hoʻolilo ka pākeke i ka lā i nā ʻōpala ululāʻau, ma lalo o ka ʻili o nā kumulāʻau, nā pōhaku a me nā kumulāʻau, a me nā mea a pau i ka lā e hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ke anuanu a i ka wā hoʻi o ka neʻe ʻana i nā kahua ulu.

I loko o ka wai o ke ola, e hānai hou ka mea hou i nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi, nā koikoi pepeke, a me nā ʻuʻuku wai. Ma ka ʻāina, nā kīʻaha meaʻai nui he mau pīpī, nā pōpoki pipi, millipedes, mites shell, spiders a me nā ʻōpū honua. Hoʻopau ka lolo i nā daphnia, nā koka lau a me nā holoholona invertebrate planktonic ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā ʻenemi maoli no ka mea hou o nā mea kuʻuna, he mea make nui nāu, nā lākou, nā iʻa, nā baki a me kekahi mau manu o ka manu.

Mālama ʻihi

ʻO kekahi kumu nui no ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka lehulehu o nā mea hou hou i ka luku ʻana a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā wai wai - kahi noho kūlohelohe o kēia ʻano. No laila, no ka laʻana, ma Switzerland i ka makahiki 1950, ma kahi o 70% o nā kōneʻu spawning ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia, ma muli o 1972 ua hōʻemi ʻia ka helu o ka newt i Switzerland.

Na palapala kapu

I kēia manawa, ʻānō 7 mau subspecies o ka mea hou maʻamau e manaʻo ʻia e nā mea ākea o nā kānaka. kumu ʻole i koho ʻia ma ka lā 1926 ] :

• Lissotriton vulgaris ampelensis Fuhn, 1951 - Ampel Newt, a i ʻole grape Triton [kumu ʻole i koho ʻia ma ka lā 1926], aia ma Komohana komohana. ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ka dorsal i lalo, e hōʻea ana i ke kiʻekiʻe 2-4 mm ma kahi kiʻekiʻe loa i ke waena o ke kua.
• Lissotriton vulgaris graecus - Areca maʻamau newt [kumu ʻole i koho ʻia ma ka lā 1926], Noho i ka ʻāina ʻo Greece (me nā Ionian Islands), Albania, Makedonia, ua loaʻa ma Bulgaria.
• Lissotriton vulgaris kosswigi - Kosswig Common Triton [kumu ʻole i koho ʻia ma ka lā 1926], Noho i ka ʻaoʻao komohana hema o ke Kai ʻEleʻele (Turkey).
• Lissotriton vulgaris lantzi - Kau Hou Newt Lanza [kumu ʻole i koho ʻia ma ka lā 1926], Noho i ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ke Kai ʻEleʻele - nā māhele hema o Rūsia, Georgia, ʻĀpana Armia, Azerbaijan. Loaʻa ia ma Lūkia ma Krasnodar a me Stavropol Territory, i Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia a me North Ossetia.
• Lissotriton vulgaris meridionalis - Ulu Kau Houkumu ʻole i koho ʻia ma ka lā 1926], Dwells ma ke kūkulu hema hema, Italia ma Italia, Slovenia.
• Lissotriton vulgaris schmidtlerorum - Schmidtler Common Triton [kumu ʻole i koho ʻia ma ka lā 1926], Loaʻa ma Turkey komohana.
• ʻO Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris kahi helu subspecies, nona ka laulā o ka nui o nā subspecies o nā mea maʻamau - mai Ireland hoʻi i Siberia Western. Ma Lūkia, noho nā subspecies ma ke komohana komohana o ka ʻāina, e komo pū ana me Karelia a me kahi Caucasus. A ʻokoʻa ia i nā subspecies ʻē aʻe ma kahi ʻoi aku ka mea kiʻekiʻe ʻoi a me ka loa, a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa i ka nui cloaca. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hopena o ka huelo.

Nā hiʻohiʻona a me ka noho ʻana o ka mea hou

Hoʻohui maʻamau Ua pili ia papa poʻe māhiti. No ka mea ola ke ola ʻana i nā mea ʻelua: ka wai a me ka ʻāina. ʻO kēia ʻano līlani amphibian e pālahalaha ana ma ʻEulopa. ʻO ia ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā mea a pau e loaʻa ma Rusia.

ʻO ka nui o ka triton e like ma waena o 9-12 cm, a ʻo ka hapalua ia o ia ka huelo. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kino me ka leʻaleʻa o ka pā, ʻili iki i ka ʻili. Ke loli paha kona kala ma ke ola holoʻokoʻa: hoʻomālamalama i ʻole a e hoʻonaninani hoʻi ka wīwī.

Ke kala o ke kua i kona ʻano iho, pinepine i ka lāʻau ʻoliva-ʻulaʻula, me nā kaula loulou kuʻekuʻe. I nā kāne, ʻike ʻia nā wahi uliuli nui i ke kino, ʻaʻohe o nā wahine. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka shedding i loko o kahi mau pule i kēlā me kēia pule.

I loko o kēia kolikola, huna ka ʻili i ka pungent pona. No ka mea, ʻaʻole ia he hoʻoweliweli, akā inā i komo i loko o ke kino o kahi holoholona mahana, hiki iā ia ke make. E hoopau ana ia i nā platelets i ke koko, a ka naʻau pela aku hōʻano hou palekana iā ia iho.

I ka wā ulu, hoʻomaka ka puʻu kiʻekiʻe e ulu i nā kāne, ulu ʻia me nā kaila a me ka aniani. Hana ia i ka hana o kahi ola kino hou, ʻoiai ua komo ʻia e nā kīʻaha koko he nui. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka peʻe kiʻi kāne kāne hōʻano hou.

Kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia nā wāwae ʻehā o nā lizards a he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o lākou a pau. ʻEhā mau pepeiao ma ke alo, a ʻelima ma ka kua. E lana nani ʻo ʻAmibia me ka holo koke a holo i lalo o ke kahe, i ka ʻāina ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kaena me kēia.

ʻIke maoli nō ʻo ia ʻōpiopio maʻamau hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻole i nā limu nalowale wale nō, akā nā ʻōpū kūlohelohe a me nā maka paha. Hoʻāla ka Tritons i ka ʻili a me nā hōʻiliʻili, ʻo ke ʻano, aia kekahi "līlī" ma ka huelo, me ke kōkua o ia ka mea ʻai e lawe ai i ka oxygen mai ka wai.

ʻIke lākou i ka maikaʻi ʻole, akā ʻo kēia hana ke hoʻopau ʻia e ke ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻohu. Hiki i nā Tritons ke kuhikuhi i kā lākou mea ʻānai ma kahi mamao a hiki i 300 mika. Nānā ko lākou mau niho ma kahi kihi a hilinaʻi pono ʻole i ka pio.

Noho ka mea maʻamau i loko o ʻEulopa Komohana, ma ke Kauka ʻo Kauauu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ia i nā kuahiwi, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2000 mau mika. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ia e noho ma nā ululāʻau kokoke i nā loko. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano līlio ma nā kahakai o ka Pōʻele, ʻo kēia mea hou o Lanza.

ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka mea hou

Ke ola mea hou hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela. I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka wā anu, i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa, haʻalele ʻo ia no ka hoʻoilo ma ka ʻāina. ʻO ia ka mea e lilo ai ka puʻu, koho ʻo ia i nā puʻu o nā lālā a me nā lau.

Ke loaʻa ʻana o ka lua i haʻalele ʻia, me ka leʻaleʻa, e hoʻohana ia. Hūnā pinepine ma nā pūʻulu o 30-50 kanaka hoʻokahi. Aia ka wahi i koho ʻia ma kahi kokoke i ke kaiāulu. I ke ana wela, hoʻōla ka līneʻa a hoʻoneʻeneʻe manuahi.

I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka pūnāwai, i ka mahina o ʻApelila, e hoʻi hou ka wai i ka wai, e hiki ke emi iho i ka mahana o ka mahana ma kahi o 10 ° С. Hoʻopono maikaʻi ia iā lākou i ke anuanu a maʻalahi i ka make. ʻO nā tritons nā likaʻai nocturnal, ʻaʻole lākou i makemake i ke aniani ʻoliʻoli a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻae i ka wela, pale lākou i nā kikowaena ākea. I ka lā wale nō ke ʻike ʻia ai lākou i ka ua. I kekahi manawa noho lākou i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.

Hiki ke waiho hōʻano hou i loko home kūlana. ʻAʻole paʻakikī, pono ʻoe i kahi terrarium, mau me ka pale a i ʻole ka pakika i pakele. A i ʻole, e make wale nō.

ʻO kā ka nui o nā kiʻī he 40 maʻa paha. Ma laila e pono ai e hana i kahi kiʻi wai a me kahi mokupuni liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāina. Kahu pule, pono e hoʻololi i ka wai a mālama i ka mahana ma kahi o 20 ° C.

ʻAʻole pono ke hoʻoweliweli kūikawā ʻana a me ka hoʻōla i ka terrarium. I ka wā e noho pū ai nā kāne ʻelua, hakakā no ka ʻāina. No laila, ua'ōlelo ʻia e mālama ʻia lākou i loko o nā ipu ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka terrace i mau mau manawa.

Kūkā o kahi triton maʻamau

Ke ʻano kai hōʻano hou aneʻi ka hapanui o nā invertebrates holoholona. ^ E Ha yM. Eia kekahi, ʻai ʻo ia i ka wai, ʻai nui ʻo ia i nā ʻaluna liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻōlima o nā pepeke, hele i ka ʻāina, me ka ʻoliʻoli, e ʻai ʻana i nā ʻōwili honua a me nā wē.

ʻO nā mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia, ʻo ia nā wana ʻōpala, nā mites ʻehā, nā spider, nā butterflies. ʻO ka caviar iʻa i loko o ka wai e hele no ka meaʻai. He mea kupaianaha ia, i ka wai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hou, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou ʻōpū. ʻAi ʻia nā ʻōleʻa home me nā kahe koko, nā ʻona a me nā ʻōpala.

He aha ka triton

ʻO nā Tritons nā amphibians i hui pū ʻia i ka ʻohana salamander. Aia, ke kaawale nei i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana. ʻO kekahi o lākou i kapa ʻia ʻo Pleurodelinae a i ʻole Tritons. He hui kēia o ka amphibians kūpeʻe. ʻAʻole inoa ka inoa i ka inoa ākea ma kahi ākea ākea, a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka huaʻōlelo i ka inoa o nā holoholona mai nā ʻano like ʻole. Ua puka mai ia mai ka moʻoolelo kahiko.

Hiki i kēia mau amphibians i ka lōʻihi he 20 kenimika, ʻoiai ke kumukūʻai ke kumukūʻai he 9 cm.ʻO ke kua o ke kāne maʻamau ka ʻoni a me ka ʻoliva-brown me nā wahi pōkole, a i nā wahine i ʻoniʻoni ʻia ia mau ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻulaʻula.

ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ko lākou ʻili, akā aia kekahi mau ʻano me ka ʻili hāwili, kūpili.

Nui nā ʻano o nā palapala hou, a ma waena o lākou ke ʻike i nā mea hoihoi a ākea loa, e kūkākūkā ʻia ma hope o ka moʻolelo.

Hui ia Newt

He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke ʻōpū no nā ʻāpana he 10 a 18 cm (nui aʻe ka nui o nā kāne). ʻEleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha a me ka ʻōpū o ka ʻaoʻao luna. ʻŌpū waiho ʻia ka ʻōpū me nā ʻeleʻele uliuli.

ʻO ka meaʻokoʻa o kēia ʻano hou he kahi serrated crest, e ulu pinepine ia i loko o lākou i ka wā hana.

E like me ka triton maʻamau i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, ke ola nei ka crest ma nā ʻāina he nui ʻo ʻEulopa, aia wale nō ma ka ʻākau o ka Scandinavian Peninsula a me nā Pyrenees. Ma ka palena o Rūsia, hiki kona wahi i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka māhele Sverdlovsk. ʻO nā wahi noho o ka mea hou i loko o nā ululāʻau he mau ʻulepau a hui ʻia nā māla, a me nā mea kanu lāʻau.

Alpine Newt: Wehewehe

ʻO kēia ʻano, ʻo ia paha kekahi o nā mea nani loa ma waena o nā amphibians i kāʻili ʻia. ʻO ka ʻili ma ke kua o nā kāne ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo me kahi paʻu hina. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā kolo he mau polele abstract ʻeleʻele kikowaena. ʻO ka ʻōpū ma ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻulaʻula i ka kala, ʻo ka ʻili i ka ʻaoʻao o luna me ka hina ʻulaʻula, a ma ka ʻāpana lalo me kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻoliva.

Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka pākeke ke hiki i 13 cm, akā, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, he 11 cm ka nui o ka Alpine newt ma nā pākahi, a me nā mauna o Tenemaka, Helene, Italia a me Sepania. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā ʻAmibia o kēia ʻano nā Lūkini.

ʻBlelelo pahu

Aia nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo o kēia ʻano i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻeleʻele uliuli, e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻili i kahi lei ʻōpala nani. Aia nā wahi ākea ma kahi o ka ʻeleʻele. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā wahine e kahi manawale ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula i ka kala e holo ana ma ke kino. He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā pākeke a hiki i 17 cm.

Noho nā tritons ʻōpala i loko o nā mea waiwai me nā wai e kahe ana a i nā wai paha me nā kahe lohi a hoʻomanū. He ʻano maʻamau ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana o ka mariton triton, he makemake ia i nā wahi kokoke i ke kū ʻana o nā kaho a me nā muliwai paha me ka papa lohi.

Noho nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ma Pokukala, Farani a me Sepania.

ʻO Asia Minor Newt

Ua hiki i kēia mau iwi ka lōʻihi o 14 cm. He ʻano kūikawā o ka amphibian i ʻōlelo ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana - i nā kāne, ka ʻili o ka ʻili i ke kala keleawe-ʻoliva me nā kaula kālā a me nā wahi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. ʻO lākou kekahi me ka polopipopo, i ka lōʻihi o ka hina o ko lākou kua, ʻaʻole i ka huli ʻana i ka huelo.

Noho nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano ʻano i nā kahe wai e kahe ana, i nā ululāʻau pōpilikia. ʻAi lākou i ka mollusks e noho ana i ka wai, nā pepeke insect, worm and arachnids. Hoʻokaʻawale iā Iraq, Turkey, Georgia, Israel, Rusia (Krasnodar Territory), Abkhazia.

Pīhoihoi Newt

ʻO kēia ka triton he brown brown a loaʻa nā wahi ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula o ke ʻano kūlike. Hoʻopili ʻia ka peʻe ʻeleʻele o ka ʻōpū e nā ʻūpī liʻiliʻi o nā ʻeleʻele. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau ʻelele ke kaawale ʻana o kahi pōpau ma hope o nā kāne i ka wā o ka wā e moe ai, a me nā iwi kīwaha e hōʻilio ʻia i loko o nā lua i ka ʻili. ʻAno ka mea hope i ka waiwai ʻona. ʻOi aku ka ulu o nā pākeke i nā lōʻihi o 23 cm.

ʻO kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole like me kona mau hoahānau, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā ola aquatic a me ka terrestrial. ʻOluʻolu maikaʻi lākou i ka lāʻau kūlohelohe a me nā mea kūlohelohe kūlohelohe, a hiki i loko o nā puddles a me nā pā maloʻo. Hāʻawi ʻia ma Pokukala, ʻIleoka a me Sepania.

O na ano e ae

He aha ka triton? ʻAʻole kēia huaʻōlelo ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi amphibian hoʻokaʻawale, akā he ʻano kupaianaha o ia mau ʻano. Ma kahi o nā mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei, he nui nā mea ʻē aʻe o kēia mau mea ola.

1. Triton Karelina. Lā - 13-18 cm. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ʻano nui o ka subfamili. Hōʻea: nā ʻāina mauna o Georgia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Turkey, Crimea a me ka ʻāpana o ke Kaiʻula o Rūkia.
2. Ua kōkua ʻo Ussuri i kahi mea hou. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ka huelo a hiki i ka 18.5 cm a ʻoi aku kona lōʻihi ma mua o ke kino iho. Hōʻailona - nā mea kanu konipona a me nā mea ʻuʻuku o Korea, hikina hikina Kina, hema Hema o ka Lūkia o Lūkia.
3. Triton keʻa-pāpale. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino - a hiki i ka 22 cm. mau kino - ke kahakai komohana o ka USA a me Kanada. E like me nā mea hou he nui, hāpau nā tetrodotoxin (ikaika ikaika).
4. Kaleponi Triton. Hiki i kona lōʻihi a hiki i 20 cm. ʻO ka wahi noho ka hema hema ma United States (Sierra Nevada Mountains).
5. Dwarf Triton. He helehelena keu nui loa, loaʻa kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe - ke ahi puhi ahi a Kina. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo ia i ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ulaula o ka ʻōpū. Habitat - Kina (hikina a ma ʻāpana waena o ka ʻāina). Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i nā mea i loko o nā hale wai.

Kaʻai a me ka meaʻai maʻamau

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ola o kahi wai wai i loko o ʻelua mau manawa: ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo. Hōʻike ʻia ka hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka amphibian no ka hoʻoilo. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ke ʻimi nei nā pākeke i kahi palekana a huna ʻole a hūnā ʻia paha. Hoʻomau ka Newts ma nā pūʻulu me he 50 o nā mea kū hoʻokahi. Aia ke kū ka wela i ka laʻa, hoʻopiha ʻia ka lī wai wai, hoʻopau loa i ka neʻe.

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E hoʻomaka ana i ka hoʻomaka o Malaki-ʻApelila, ala hou nā mea hou a hoʻomaka i nā pāʻani haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole makemake nā holoholona i ka lā wela, ke ʻano wela, no ka mea ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea hana e ola mau ʻia i ka pō.

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Hoʻoliʻa ʻo ʻAmibia i nā invertebrates. I ka wai, hānai nā newts i nā hua kō, crustaceans, caviar a me nā tadpoles. Ma ka ʻāina, ua ʻokoʻa ka mea ʻai me nā wīwī, nā mites shell, slugs, spiders, butterflies. Aia i loko o kahi pākaukau, ulu ka momona i loko o nā mea hou, a hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻopiha i ko lākou ʻōpū i hiki i ka mea hiki.

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Mōʻī Tritons

ʻEhiku ʻehiku subspecies o amphibians o kēia hui.

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• maʻamau - kiʻi ʻia e ka hele ʻana o kahi piko serrated kiʻekiʻe ma ke kua.
• ʻO Triton Lanza - makemake nui e noho i loko o nā kuʻuna palā a me ka coniferous,
• nui (ʻāʻohi) - loaʻa i nā pākeke ke pōkole pōkole loa hiki i 4 mm ke kiʻekiʻe,
• Helene - loa i loaʻa ma Helene a me Makedonia,
• ʻO Kossvig Triton - ʻike wale ʻia ma Turkey,
• hema
• ʻO Schmidtler Triton.

I ka hapa nui, e ʻimi nei nā mea hou i kahi nūniha me nā mea kanu maikaʻi, no laila, ua ʻike mau ʻia ka honua āpau.

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ʻAno hānau

Ma nā makahiki ʻelua, hiki ke hou i ka wā ʻōpiopio. Mai Malaki a Iune, lawe lākou i nā pāʻani male, i hele pū me nā hula ʻokoʻa a pili ʻana i ka maka o ka wahine. E kāhāhā i ka mea i koho ʻia, kū ke kāne ma ka wāwae o lākou a lohi i ka leo nui, ma muli o ia kahawai o ka wai o ka wai i ka wahine. Hoʻomaka nā ʻelemaka kāne i ka huki ʻana i kā lākou huelo ma nā ʻaoʻao a nānā i ka wahine. Inā heleʻe kahi hoa, haʻalele a ia i kahi mea i wae ʻia.

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ʻO nā wahine me ke kōkua o kā lākou cesspool i kāhea i ka spermatophores i waiho ʻia e nā kāne ma luna o nā pōhaku, a hoʻomaka ka hana kūloko. Hiki i nā wahine ke waiho aku i 700 hua, a ma hope o 3 mau lā puka kūla. Ma ka ʻāina, kahi mea hou keiki e puka mai ma hope o 2 mau mahina.

Kāleka

ʻO kahi lei hou kahi o nā mea hou. 9 ʻike ʻia he subspecies. Maikaʻi a hoʻomaʻemaʻe paha ka ʻili. Hoʻohālikelike ma waena o ulaula, uliuli-uliuli a me ka melemele. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea ākea i nā laina laina like liʻiliʻi, e hoʻohuli ana i ke kua. Puli ʻia kahi kaula ākea loloa i ka maka. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka hiʻu, kūpono ʻia, a i ʻole ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke kino me ke poʻo. Nā pōkole hout molts i hoʻokahi pule. Hoʻopili ke kino o ke kāne me nā wahiʻeleʻele nui (i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa), kahi e kū ʻole nei i nā wahine. I ka wā ulu, ulu ke kāne i kahi koʻikoʻi - kahi ʻōpū hanu hou. Hāʻawi maoli ka lulu me nā kīʻaha koko, e hoʻonui nui i ka hapa o ka ʻili o ka ʻili. Ke kūpaʻa ka koʻikoʻi o ka mea hou, me ke kani iki iki ma nā ʻaoʻao o luna, kahi aniani ʻulaʻula a me kahi poli poli e holo mai lalo. I ka wahine, ʻaʻole i ulu ka crest. Hoʻohana ka ʻike ʻia i loko o ke ola holoʻokoʻa. Kūkulu maikaʻi ka manaʻo o nā mea ʻala: ʻo ka nui o nā keleleka i loaʻa i ka 1 cm 2 o ka lula olfactory ma ka 200,000.

Hoʻaiho

I ka pūnāwai a i ka wā hoʻoulu, ola ka mea hou i nā wai wai kūpaʻa me nā mea kanu nui (pH 5.6-7.8) o nā ululāʻau palu me ka ulu ʻole. Mālama ʻia ia i ka hohonu o 5-50 cm. Ma hope o ka hoʻomau ʻia, neʻe ia i nā ʻūnū haʻalulu i loko o ka ulu lāʻau. I kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia ma kahi mamao o 300 m mai kahi kokoke i ke kino o ka wai. ʻAʻole kahi e noho i nā pahū nui nui me ka ʻike haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka nele o ka wai ākea.

Meaʻai / kai

I ka wai, nā mea hou i lawe ʻia ma nā hua lāʻau o nā namu, nā mauʻu liʻiliʻi, nā mollusks, nā mea inikini, nā ʻōpala o nā baki mauʻu, kekahi mau manawa kahe, nā iʻa, nā iʻa, a me nā ʻano wai. Ma ka honua, he mea ʻai i nā ʻōwili, millipedes, nā pīpī, nā pōpoki, nā uka, nā mika ʻeke a me nā invertebrates. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka mea hou, ʻoiai e noho ana ka wai, ʻo 70-90% piha, a ma luna o ka ʻāina - 65%.

He ʻano hoʻokolokolo

Ke kali nei ke kāne i ka wahine i loko o ka ʻauʻau. Ke hele mai ka wahine, hoʻokokoke ʻo ia iā ia, kaukau kokoke, paʻi i kona muzzle, a me sniffs. Ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka wahine ma mua ona, hoʻomaka ke kāne i kāna hulina. Holo ʻo ia i mua a ke loaʻa nei iā ia iho i mua o ke alo o ka wahine, hana paʻa. Ma kahi o ʻumi kekona, e kū ana ke kāne ma lalo ma lalo, e hāpai ana i kona kino kiʻekiʻe a ke hilinaʻi wale nei ma luna o kāna mau wāwae mua. Haki ka ʻili, kū a kokoke ke poʻo o ke kāne ma kahi e kū pono ana, e waiho ana ke kino, piʻu ka ʻili a kāohi kino i ka wai i ka wahine. Kau ke kane o ka wahine i ka mea kahiko, a laila, kū i mua o ka wahine, kuʻi kona ʻili a kuʻi koke ʻo ia iā lākou iho. A laila kū ʻo ia, a ʻo ka ʻū o kona huelo. Hoʻomaka nā wahine i hele lōloʻi i mua, ke kāne - ma hope ona.

Wahine wahine

Hoʻohui

Hoʻohālikelike hou ʻia nā keiki hou ma ke anawaena 6-8g. ʻO ke kukui ka mea, he aneane monotonous, me nā wahi maka ʻokoʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao, he ʻeleʻele a ʻōuli paha ke kua. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi huelo ʻokoʻa i hoʻopuni ʻia, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka pālolo, aia nā pale o nā forelimbs a me nā cirrus waho. ʻO nā lā mua o ke ola, ʻo ke ʻano o ke anilā o ka mea hou e hoʻohālikelike ai me nā mea kāʻili, a ma ka hopena o ke ʻano larval e hoʻohuli ai i ka hanu pulmonary. Ua nalo nā gills i ke kaʻina o ka metamorphosis. ʻAno hele ʻole nā ​​ʻoki, a aia i loko o nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo ka mea e puka ai nā mea i ʻike ʻia.

Hōʻike nā ʻōhumu o nā wāwae ʻeha ma ka lā 20 o ke ola. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻōkuhi ma hope o 2-3 mau mahina. ʻAʻohe paʻa nā hola mua o ka larva. I ka pau ʻana o ka lā mua o ke ola, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi kuʻuna o ka waha i loko o lākou, a i ka lua o ka lā, ke kīʻaha ʻia kahi waha a hoʻomaka nā hua ʻōiwi i ka hānai. Hoʻomaka ka nānā ʻana i nā hoʻouluʻau olfactory ma ke kolu o ke ola o ka lā ola. Mai ka lā ʻehā, hiki i ka hoʻowalewale olfactory ke hōʻeha i ka makaʻu ma ka larvae, a mai ka lā 9th-12 ka hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohana i ko lākou ʻano ʻala ʻana e ʻimi ai i ka ʻai. Holo puaʻa, ke peʻe ana i nā mākaʻi, e hoʻolei iā lākou iho i ka ʻai (nā crustaceans liʻiliʻi a me nā mōkī liʻiliʻi) me kahi kīʻaha koʻikoʻi, e hāmama ana ko lākou waha. I ka mahele palaki, ʻoi loa ka make. ʻO ka metamorphosis piha ke kūpono ma hope o 60-70 lā. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka wā'ōpiopio o ka wā e hele ai i ka ʻāina he 3-4 cm, a kahi e nalowale ai nā kāpena a me ka lip. Ma hope o ka metamorphosis, ʻo nā mea make kino i ka ʻāina wale nō.

Ke kūlana pae ʻāina / mālama

Hoʻohui maʻamau ua helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o Rūsia, Azerbaijan. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kahi mau mea ulu ma UK. Hoʻohui ma ka Berne Convention (Annex III). Ua loaʻa ma ka ʻāina ma o ka poʻe hoʻokahi, ma nā kino wai ka nui ka helu 0,016-16000 kanaka / ha, ma nā wahi a hiki i ka 110 nā kānaka / m 3 o ka wai.

ʻOihana: ʻO nā mea huna o Triton ka ʻona, akā, ʻaʻole ia he mea make no ka mea make ke kanaka. No nā holoholona mahana, ʻo ka paʻu lethal ka 7 mg no 1 kg o ka paona o ke kino. Ua hāhā ka ʻākala i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke koko, ka luku ʻana i nā kahe koko a me nā māla koko, ma nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki ke paralisis, e pau ka hanu, huli ka naʻau a make ka holoholona.

He aha ke ʻano o ka mea hou hou: ke kiʻi a me nā wehewehe pōkole

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi loa: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma mua o 10 cm, me kahi e pili ana i 5 cm no kēlā huelo. Hoʻomaʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā wāwae a like, i ka lōʻihi. Maikaʻi a ʻili iki paha ka ʻili.

ʻAno ke kala a ʻulaʻula a me ke kala paha ka ʻula o ke kua, ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻāpana palahaluli ka ʻaoʻao o ka ventral. Mai nā mea hou a pau, ʻokoʻa ka laulā ma ka manawa o nā ʻāpana o nā kaula lōkihi i nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo.

I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e kahakaha ai, loaʻa i nā kāne kahi kāhiko kūikawā - ʻoi aku ke kua o ka kua o ke kua, a mai ka nape a hiki i ka hopena o kahi huelo nui kahi puʻupuʻu nui i kālai ʻia me kahi palena ʻulaʻula a i ulu ka lālani pōpiki. I nā manamana lima o nā wāwae hind i haki ʻia. ʻO ka kala o nā wahine i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka māmā.

Ma hope o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, hāʻule ka mānoʻi o ke kāne a neʻe ka mea hou i ke ala o ke ola.

Hoʻaiho

Kālaha kahi mea hou mai ʻEnelani a hiki i Altai, mai Tyumen i ka hema o ka māhele Saratov. ʻAʻole wale ma ka Crimea, ma ke kūkulu hema o Farani, ma Sepania a me Pokukala.

Noho ia ma nā ululāʻau poʻokela a hoʻokaʻawale, ma nā lāʻau, i nā kākela pale pale, a me nā māla a me nā māla. Hōʻalo i nā wahi ākea: nā kīʻaha nui, nā ʻano nahele, etc. I ka pūnāwai, i ka wā e ulu ai ka ola, noho ka mea hou i ke kū ʻana a i ʻole kahe kahe a me nā kino o ka wai me ka ʻole.

Mating, ka hua

I ka hopena o Malaki - i ka hoʻomaka o ʻApelila, haʻalele nā ​​mea hou i nā wahi hoʻoilo a neʻe i ka wai. I nā loko wai, hoʻomaka lākou i nā pāʻani kala. Hoʻopili ke lua o nā tritons i ke kaʻe o ke kino wahine. A laila hoʻomaka lākou e ʻauʻau, i kēia manawa cuddling a laila hoʻokaʻawale hoʻi kekahi mai kekahi. Ke ʻōwili nei ke kāne i kona ʻili a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, ʻo ka wahine ke ʻoi aku ke ake a keu. I ka hopena hope loa, hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi pā gelatinous - kahi spermatophore, kahi i hopu ai ka wahine i loko o kahi cesspool.

Ma luna o ka wā holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, e ka wahine mai 60 a 700 mau huaʻa. Kīwī ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia hua manu ma ka ʻāpana o kahi mea kanu i hoʻolilo ʻia a hoʻopau i kona hopena me kona mau wāwae hind, e hoʻolilo iā ia i ʻano ʻano "kīʻaha". Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻōpū o ka hua, a paʻa ka lau lepaʻi, e pale ana i ka hua.

Ma kahi o 14-15 mau lā, kahi hulile iʻa i kahi lā he 6.5 mm ka lōʻihi o waho o ka hua. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o kona poʻo, ka mea i ʻike ʻia nā pūlehu hulu manu ma lalo o ke ʻano o nā kiʻī o nā wāwae mua. I ka lā, ua hūlū nā larva, e peʻe ana i waena o nā mea kanu wai. Ma ka lua o ka lā, hoʻopuka ke kahaka a hoʻomaka koke ʻo ia e hānai, hoihoi me ka makemake i ka daphnia, nā cyclops, a me nā kaʻi ʻao keu. ʻAʻole holo ka wili o nā mea hou i ka mea make, akā no ka mea, he hopohopo.

Kūpono maikaʻi loa ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka mea hou me nā polopala ma ka lauwili i waho. Ma hope o 3 mau pule, ua loaʻa iā lāua nā wāwae ʻelua a i waho e like me nā hou hou. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi nui kā lākou hana hoʻihoʻi kūloko.

Ke kūlohelohe nei, hoʻopau ka metamorphosis i 2-2.5 mau mahina. I kēia manawa, nalo nā hōʻola o waho, e hoʻomaka ana ka hanu pulmonary. Ma nā wahi ʻākau o ke aniani a i ʻole ke kauwela wela, hele nā ​​larva me nā kaila waho no ka hoʻoilo a hoʻopau i ka metamorphosis i ka wā o ka puna.

Mālama pinepine nā Tritons i nā ʻaumakū - ua hele maikaʻi lākou i ke pio a hiki ke ola a hiki i 28 makahiki! ʻO ke kūlohelohe, ola lākou i kahi kauoha o ka nui ka liʻiliʻi - he awelika o 10-14 mau makahiki, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea, i ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe he nui lākou i nā ʻenemi.